Publications

effect of skin abrasions on the efficacy of the repellent deet against aedes aegypti.	abrasion of repellent-treated human skin affected the efficacy of a sustained-release insect repellent containing n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet) against bites of aedes aegypti. skin treated with repellent when abraded up to 30 times showed significantly lower protection than unabraded skin against mosquito bites for 10 h. the mean value of the kinetic coefficient of friction during skin abrasion by clothing (battle dress uniform fabric) for repellent-treated skin (0.159 +/- 0.003) was sign ...	1998	9673919
field evaluation of cyfluthrin and malathion 96 tg ulv spraying at high-rise flats on dengue vectors in malaysia.	cyfluthrin (solfac ulo15) and malathion 96 tg were evaluated against sentinel sugar-fed adults and 4th-instar larvae of aedes aegypti at high-rise flats in malaysia by ulv spraying. the impact of both insecticides on field populations of aedes spp. (ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus) larvae were monitored weekly using containers. both cyfluthrin and malathion 96 tg showed adulticidal effects but cyfluthrin showed more significant larvicidal effect than malathion 96 tg (p < 0.05).	1998	9673932
re-emergence of yellow fever in senegal in 1995.	an outbreak of yellow fever (yf) occurred in the central part of senegal during october 1995. thirty-one probable cases were detected and 79 cases were confirmed either by igm elisa or by virus isolation (30 strains isolated). the case fatality rate was 18.9%. incidence of the infection was evaluated by a serosurvey in the area. males 10-29 years old belonging to the peul ethnic group were more affected. moreover, 28 yf virus strains were isolated from mosquitoes and larvae pools and vertical tr ...	1998	9684637
gene expression and regulation from the p7 promoter of aedes densonucleosis virus.	the nonstructural proteins ns1 and ns2 are thought to be expressed from the p7 promoter of aedes densonucleosis virus (aednv). to study gene expression from the p7 promoter, eight different plasmids were constructed by fusing beta-galactosidase or beta-glucuronidase into the genome so that the reporter gene was in different open reading frames and under the transcriptional control of the p7 promoter. after transfection into c6/36 aedes albopictus cells, constructs generated comparable amounts of ...	1998	9557726
mosquito density, biting rate and cage size effects on repellent tests.	mosquito biting rates and the mean duration of protection (in hours) from bites (mdpb) of aedes aegypti and anopheles quadrimaculatus, using the repellent 'deet' (n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) on a 50 cm2 area of healthy human skin, were observed in small (27 l), medium (approximately 65 l) and large (125 l) cages containing low, medium or high densities of mosquitoes: respectively, 640, 128 or 49 cm3 of cage volume per female. at the initial treatment rate of approximately 0.4 microliter/cm2 ( ...	1998	9513937
la untadita: a procedure for maintaining washbasins and drums free of aedes aegypti based on modification of existing practices.	chlorine bleach and detergent are routinely used by householders in el progreso, honduras in the process of cleaning washbasins and drums, the two most important larval habitats of aedes aegypti in the city. the efficacy of these materials in eliminating eggs, larvae, and pupae of ae. aegypti was assessed under controlled conditions. the promising results obtained led to trials using a combination of chlorine bleach and detergent to apply to the walls of washbasins and drums as a method for elim ...	1998	9502612
evidence for genetic hitchhiking effect associated with insecticide resistance in aedes aegypti.	information on genetic variation within and between populations is critical for understanding the evolutionary history of mosquito populations and disease epidemiology. previous studies with drosophila suggest that genetic variation of selectively neutral loci in a large fraction of genome may be constrained by fixation of advantageous mutations associated with hitchhiking effect. this study examined restriction fragment length polymorphisms of four natural aedes aegypti mosquito populations fro ...	1998	9504925
dengue outbreak associated with multiple serotypes--puerto rico, 1998.	dengue is an acute viral disease caused by any of the four dengue virus serotypes (den-1, den-2, den-3, and den-4). the principal mosquito vector is aedes aegypti, which has a worldwide distribution in tropical and many subtropical areas. all four virus serotypes produce a similar illness characterized by fever, headache, myalgias, arthralgias, rash, nausea and vomiting and induce life-long immunity that is specific to the infecting serotype. a small proportion of infected persons may develop th ...	1998	9832472
putative dengue virus receptors from mosquito cells.	dengue viruses are arthropod-borne, single-stranded rna viruses. aëdes aegypti and aëdes albopictus are the principal vectors. in order to understand the molecular basis of dengue virus infections we explored the biochemical identity of dengue-2 (den-2) virus receptors in the aëdes albopictus-derived cell line c6/36. we show here that den-2 interacts with two major polypeptides of 80 and 67 kda. polyclonal anti-c6/36 membrane antibodies block den-2 binding to intact c6/36 monolayers as well as t ...	1998	9835036
an experimental study on the detection of fructose in aedes aegypti.	male and female aedes aegypti fed a 10% sucrose solution and/or blood were tested to determine the duration of fructose detection in their bodies and the volume of sugar solution they ingested. the limit of detection of fructose by the cold anthrone test was investigated in a series of experiments. results were applied to the interpretation of sugar feeding by ae. aegypti collected inside houses in puerto rico during times of low (cool season) and high (hot season) dengue transmission in 1996. w ...	1998	9813818
potency of products based on bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis: interlaboratory variations.	six quality-control laboratories in 4 countries independently bioassayed aliquots of a flowable formulation of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (b.t.i.) against the international standard powder ips-82. all laboratories substantially followed world health organization or u.s. department of agriculture standard protocols. significant differences were found in resulting potency values between laboratories. factors that may have influenced results, such as age, stage, and strain of larvae us ...	1998	9813828
[the aedes aegypti eradication program: useless, hazardous (and wasteful, in addition)].		1998	9878922
olfactory responses and field attraction of mosquitoes to volatiles from limburger cheese and human foot odor.	olfactory responses of female aedes aegypti (linnaeus) to various odor stimuli were studied in a dual-port olfactometer. responses (i.e., the percent of ca. 75 available female mosquitoes in flight chamber entering each olfactometer port) were studied toward clean conditioned air (control), human foot skin emanations (collected on socks by wearing them for three days), human hand, and limburger cheese. mean percent response was greatest to the human hand (80.1%), followed by the human worn sock ...	1998	9879074
the effect of temperature and humidity on dengue virus propagation in aedes aegypti mosquitos.	the effect of temperature and relative humidity on dengue virus propagation in the mosquito as one of the possible contributing factors to dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf) outbreaks was studied. ae. aegypti mosquitos were reared under standard conditions and inoculated intrathoracically with dengue virus. virus propagation in the mosquitos was determined at the temperature and relative humidity of all 3 seasons of yangon and for the simulated temperature and relative humidity of singapore. the vir ...	1998	9886113
quantitative genetics of vector competence for dengue-2 virus in aedes aegypti.	a quantitative genetic study of the ability of aedes aegypti to propagate dengue-2 (den-2) virus in the midgut and in a disseminated infection in the head was conducted with a standard half-sib breeding design. aedes aegypti aegypti and a. aegypti formosus differ markedly in oral susceptibility to den-2 virus. mosquitoes were orally infected and, after an extrinsic incubation period of 14 days, virus titer (by tissue culture infectious dose, 50% endpoint) was determined in the midgut (mt) and he ...	1998	9886207
pictorial key to the common indian species of aedes (stegomyia) mosquitoes.	the paper provides a simple pictorial key to differentiate common stegomyia species found in urban areas. this key will help medical officers and paramedical staff in demarcating the areas of influence of aedes aegypti within a dengue surveillance area.	1998	9914681
experimental infection of culex (culex) quinquefasciatus and aedes (stegomyia) aegypti with wuchereria bancrofti.	a study was conducted to determine the susceptibility of local strains of culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti to infection with the strain of wuchereria bancrofti that occurs in maceió. state of alagoas, brazil. cx. quinquefasciatus blood fed simultaneously on the same microfilariae carrier ingested more blood and 2-3x more microfilariae than ae. aegypti. survival rates of both species of insects living for 21 days after blood feeding on microfilaraemic patients were not significantly diffe ...	1998	9921316
bacterial control of mosquito larvae: investigation of stability of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and bacillus sphaericus standard powders.	bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis and bacillus sphaericus products were assayed against their respective reference powders ips82 and sph88. since their production in 1982 and 1988, the potency and larvicidal activity of these standard powders have been regularly checked on their test insects aedes aegypti (for ips82) or culex pipiens (for sph88). over the 16-year evaluation period of ips82 and 10-year evaluation period of sph88, their potencies were considered stable. the global mean of ea ...	1998	10084145
reinvasion of calcutta city by aedes albopictus: the proven vector of dengue in suburban areas.	dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease transmitted by aedes aegypti in cities and a. albopictus in suburban and rural areas. dengue outbreaks occur almost regularly and sometimes reach epidemic proportions in cities and towns. dengue endemicity in calcutta was established for the first time in 1960, then re-established by another serosurvey in 1966. an outbreak of dengue was recently reported in the bankura district of the city, where it has not previously been reported. with the literatur ...	1998	10389503
determinants of dengue 2 infection among residents of charters towers, queensland, australia.	dengue fever is caused by one of the four serotypes of the dengue virus and is transmitted by the urban mosquito aedes aegypti. in 1993, the city of charters towers in the tropical north of australia experienced an epidemic caused by the dengue 2 virus. a cross-sectional sample of 1,000 people was assessed for determinants of recent symptomatic dengue infection. after exclusion of people with prior exposure to dengue 2, a study group of 797 persons, including 196 patients with recent infection, ...	1998	9850134
yellow fever outbreak in kaffrine, senegal 1996: epidemiological and entomological findings.	in november 1996 a yellow fever (yf) outbreak occurred near kaffrine in the central part of senegal. thirty-six deaths were notified, all children under 15 years of age. the yf diagnosis was confirmed by mac-elisa or by virus isolation. the immune status against yf virus of a sample population of 449 individuals was determined, and 31 confirmed cases and 69 asymptomatic cases were reported. distribution of yf cases and incidence rate decreased with age, while the attack rate was stable in all ag ...	1998	9855398
[indication and identification of california serogroup viruses in experimentally infected ae. aegypti mosquitos by a lanthanum immunofluorescent analysis method].	the sensitivity and specificity of lanthanide fluoroimmunoassay (lfia) and enzyme immunoassay (eia) for indication and identification of california antigens in suspensions of infected aedes aegypti mosquitoes are compared. the sensitivity of lfia was 2.3 ig tcd50/ml, eia was less sensitive and detected virus antigens in mosquito suspensions at infective titer of 4.1 ig tcd50/ml. if a pool contained mosquitoes infected with different california viruses, they could be identified only at the level ...	1998	9864828
molecular interactions between vestigial and scalloped promote wing formation in drosophila.	scalloped (sd) and vestigial (vg) are each needed for drosophila wing development. we show that sd is required for vg function and that altering their relative cellular levels inhibits wing formation. in vitro, vg binds directly to both sd and its human homolog, transcription enhancer factor-1. the interaction domains map to a small region of vg that is essential for vg-mediated gene activation and to the carboxy-terminal half of sd. our observations indicate that vg and sd function coordinately ...	1998	9869635
pathogenic action of penicillium species on mosquito vectors of human tropical diseases.	in vitro bioassays were performed in order to assess the pathogenicity of 13 penicillium strains in 2nd stage larvae of aedes aegypti, aedes fluviatilis, anopheles aquasalis and culex quinquefasciatus. mortality rates began in the first 24 hours, ranging from 0 to 100%. p. corylophilum, p. fellutanum, p. implicatum, p. janthinellum, p. viridicatum and p. waksmanii species tested on aedes aegypti larvae and at different concentrations presented mortality rates from 0 to 6.6%. these species, when ...	1998	9871331
[the incidence of culicidae in an urban area of ciudad de la habana during 1995].	in the present paper it is made an analysis of the incidence of culicides in the municipality of marianao, havana city, during 1995, after following the requirements of the national program for the eradication of aedes aegypti. 6 species of mosquitoes were found in the municipality, with a predominance of the culex quinquefasciatus and aedes mediovittatus species. 4 focuses of aedes aegypti were detected during this period. it was found that the groups of deposits preferred by the culicides for ...	1998	10349434
plasmodium gallinaceum: effect of insect cells on ookinete development in vitro.	in vitro culture conditions affecting the transformation efficiency from zygote to ookinete for plasmodium gallinaceum were examined, as a step toward improving the overall efficiency of in vitro culture systems for sporogonic stages. gametocytes from infected chickens were allowed to fertilize in vitro and the resulting zygotes were purified and cultured. the time course for ookinete development in vitro was similar to that seen in aedes aegypti mosquitoes. supplementing a basal m-199 culture m ...	1998	9562424
germination, growth, and sporulation of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis in excreted food vacuoles of the protozoan tetrahymena pyriformis.	spores of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and their toxic crystals are bioencapsulated in the protozoan tetrahymena pyriformis, in which the toxin remains stable. each t. pyriformis cell concentrates the spores and crystals in its food vacuoles, thus delivering them to mosquito larvae, which rapidly die. vacuoles containing undigested material are later excreted from the cells. the fate of spores and toxin inside the food vacuoles was determined at various times after excretion by phas ...	1998	9572947
involvement of superoxide dismutase in spore coat assembly in bacillus subtilis.	endospores of bacillus subtilis are enclosed in a proteinaceous coat which can be differentiated into a thick, striated outer layer and a thinner, lamellar inner layer. we found that the n-terminal sequence of a 25-kda protein present in a preparation of spore coat proteins matched that of the mn-dependent superoxide dismutase (sod) encoded by the sod4 locus. sod4 is transcribed throughout the growth and sporulation of a wild-type strain and is responsible for the sod activity detected in total ...	1998	9573176
the ultraspiracle gene of the spruce budworm, choristoneura fumiferana: cloning of cdna and developmental expression of mrna.	cloning and characterization of a choristoneura fumiferana ultraspiracle (cfusp) cdna are described. first, a pcr fragment and then a cdna clone (4.4 kb) were isolated from spruce budworm cdna libraries. comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of this cdna with the sequences in genbank showed that this sequence had high homology with the ultraspiracle cdnas cloned from drosophila melanogaster (dmusp), bombyx mori (bmusp), manduca sexta (msusp), and aedes aegypti (aausp). the cfusp cdna con ...	1998	9581288
adherence of erythrocytes during exflagellation of plasmodium falciparum microgametes is dependent on erythrocyte surface sialic acid and glycophorins.	malaria male gametocytes within a newly ingested infected blood meal in the mosquito midgut emerge from erythrocytes and extrude approximately eight flagellar microgametes in a process termed exflagellation. in culture, and in blood removed from infected patients, emerging microgametes avidly adhere to neighboring uninfected and infected erythrocytes, as well as to emerged female macrogametes, creating "exflagellation centers". the mechanism of erythrocyte adherence is not known nor has it been ...	1998	9584138
effects on larvicidal activity of single proline substitutions in alpha3 or alpha4 of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4b toxin.	the possible role of alpha-helices 3 and 4 in toxicity of the dipteran-active bacillus thuringiensis cry4b delta-endotoxin was investigated by employing proline substitutions via site-directed mutagenesis. similar to the wild-type cry4b, the mutant toxins were over-expressed in escherichia coli as cytoplasmic inclusions and were structurally stable upon solubilization and trypsin activation. the substitution of glutamine 149 by proline in the center of helix 4 (q149p) resulted in a nearly comple ...	1998	9584996
monitoring of dengue viruses in field-caught aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquitoes by a type-specific polymerase chain reaction and cycle sequencing.	virologic surveillance for dengue through the detection of the prevalent serotype(s) circulating in the human population during inter- and intra-epidemic periods constitutes a reliable sentinel system for dengue outbreaks. we have applied a rapid and sensitive, semi-nested, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay using nonstructural protein 3 gene primers for the type-specific-detection of dengue viruses in artificially infected and in field-caught adult aedes mosquitoes. ...	1998	9598444
engineered resistance in aedes aegypti to a west african and a south american strain of yellow fever virus.	double subgenomic sindbis (dssin) viruses were engineered to transduce mosquito cells with antisense rna derived either from the premembrane (prm) or polymerase (ns5) coding regions of the 17d vaccine strain of yellow fever virus (yfv). aedes albopictus c6/36 cells were infected at high multiplicities of infection (moi) with each dssin virus. forty-eight hours later, the transduced cells were challenged with an moi of 0.1 of the asibi strain of yfv. at 72-hr postchallenge, the cells were assayed ...	1998	9598458
laboratory bioassay to compare susceptibilities of aedes aegypti and anopheles albimanus to bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis as affected by their feeding rates.	this study presents the effect of differences in the feeding rates of aedes aegypti and anopheles albimanus on their susceptibilities to bacillus thuringiensis israelensis. aedes aegypti was more susceptible than an. albimanus because of its faster rate of feeding. aedes aegypti ingested 11.5 times more spores than did an. albimanus, resulting in lower lt50 values. anopheles albimanus larvae fed at a slower rate and required fewer spores than ae. aegypti to induce 50% mortality. these findings s ...	1998	9599326
plasmodium gallinaceum: differential killing of some mosquito stages of the parasite by insect defensin.	we examined several insect antimicrobial peptides to study their effect on plasmodium gallinaceum zygotes, ookinetes, oocysts, and sporozoites. only two insect defensins-aeschna cyanea (dragon fly) and phormia terranovae (flesh fly)-had a profound toxic effect on the oocysts in aedes aegypti and on isolated sporozoites. the defensins affected the oocysts in a time-dependent manner. injecting the peptide into the hemolymph 1 or 2 days after an infectious blood meal had no significant effect on pr ...	1998	9603495
clinical evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic test for the diagnosis of dengue virus infection.	a rapid immunochromatographic test was compared to the hemagglutination inhibition assay for separate determinations of dengue virus-specific immunoglobulin m (igm) and igg levels in paired serum specimens from 92 patients (34 with primary dengue virus infection, 35 with secondary dengue virus infection, and 23 without dengue virus infection). the rapid test showed 99% sensitivity in the diagnosis of dengue virus infection. the majority (30 of 34 [88%]) of patients with primary infection showed ...	1998	9606000
carboxypeptidase b in anopheles gambiae (diptera: culicidae): effects of abdominal distention and blood ingestion.	carboxypeptidase b (cpb) activity was detected in the guts of strain g-3 of anopheles gambiae (giles) and aedes aegypti (l.). mosquitoes were examined 3-5 d after emergence following exposure to 20% sucrose, from 0 to 4 h after feeding on a meal of latex beads in saline, and from 0 to 96 h after blood feeding. cpb activity was assayed in whole-gut homogenates, including lumenal contents and peritrophic matrix, by following the hydrolysis of a substrate specific for cpb-[3h]-benzoyl-l-phe-l-arg. ...	1998	9615537
cytotoxic and insecticidal constituents of the unripe fruit of persea americana.	unripe avocado fruit (persea americana) was subjected to a bioactivity-directed fractionation, as monitored via the brine shrimp lethality assay, to isolate three major bioactive constituents (1-3). compounds 1-3 all have a 1,2,4-triol moiety and a long aliphatic chain that terminates as either an alkane, alkene, or alkyne, respectively; 1 is new, while 2 and 3 have been described previously but not as cytotoxic or pesticidal agents. all have activity against six human tumor cell lines in cultur ...	1998	9644064
detection of japanese encephalitis virus by reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction.	a simple and rapid reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay for detection of japanese encephalitis virus (jev) envelope (e) gene sequences in various biological samples is described. the assay successfully amplified jev e gene sequences from infected cell cultures, aedes aegypti larvae, mosquitoes and mouse blood. the sensitivity of the assay was currently 1 ng of jev rna and could be increased up to 1 pg on the background of 1 microgram of cellular rna by biotinylation of ...	1998	9645237
insecticidal activity of bacillus laterosporus.	the bacillus laterosporus strains 921 and 615 were shown to have toxicity for larvae of the mosquitoes aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi, and culex pipiens. the larvicidal activity of b. laterosporus was associated with spores and crystalline inclusions. purified b. laterosporus 615 crystals were highly toxic for aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi.	1998	9647857
an important step forward in the genetic manipulation of mosquito vectors of human disease.		1998	9520367
plasmodium gallinaceum preferentially invades vesicular atpase-expressing cells in aedes aegypti midgut.	penetration of the mosquito midgut epithelium is obligatory for the further development of plasmodium parasites. therefore, blocking the parasite from invading the midgut wall disrupts the transmission of malaria. despite such a pivotal role in malaria transmission, the cellular and molecular interactions that occur during the invasion are not understood. here, we demonstrate that the ookinetes of plasmodium gallinaceum, which is related closely to the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparu ...	1998	9520375
stable transformation of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, with the hermes element from the housefly.	the mosquito aedes aegypti is the world's most important vector of yellow fever and dengue viruses. work is currently in progress to control the transmission of these viruses by genetically altering the capacity of wild ae. aegypti populations to support virus replication. the germ-line transformation system reported here constitutes a major advance toward the implementation of this control strategy. a modified hermes transposon carrying a 4.7-kb fragment of genomic dna that includes a wild-type ...	1998	9520437
development of a chimeric sindbis virus with enhanced per os infection of aedes aegypti.	the te/3'2j double subgenomic sindbis (dssin) viruses have been used to stably express genes in aedes aegypti nerve and salivary gland tissues. however, because these viruses inefficiently infect ae. aegypti when administered by the per os route, te/3'2j viruses must be intrathoracically inoculated into the mosquitoes to infect these tissues. a malaysian sindbis (sin) virus isolate (mre16) does efficiently infect ae. aegypti midgut tissues after ingestion, and approximately 95% of these mosquito ...	1998	9527919
putative chikungunya virus-specific receptor proteins on the midgut brush border membrane of aedes aegypti mosquito.	two proteins (putative receptors) of 60 and 38 kda, for chikungunya (chik) virus were detected in the brush border membrane fraction (bbmf) of the normal population of aedes aegypti mosquitoes. mosquitoes were infected orally with chik virus and infectivity checked by testing the head squashes. bbmf was prepared from proved positive and negative mosquitoes. the receptor proteins were found to be present in both the proved genotypes. however, dot-b'ot assays showed that the chik virus binding act ...	1998	9529775
phylogeny of amblyospora (microsporida: amblyosporidae) and related genera based on small subunit ribosomal dna data: a possible example of host parasite cospeciation.	small subunit ribosomal rna (ssu rrna) gene sequences were analyzed for six species and four genera of microsporidia from mosquito hosts; amblyospora stimuli (aedes stimulans), amblyospora californica (culex tarsalis), amblyospora sp. (culex salinarius), edhazardia aedis (aedes aegypti), culicosporella lunata (culex pilosus), and parathelohania anophelis (anopheles quadrimaculatus). comparison of these sequences to those of other microsporidia show that these sequences are longer with the ssu rr ...	1998	9538024
two contiguous outbreaks of dengue type 2 in north queensland.	to investigate two outbreaks of dengue type 2 in north queensland, one in the torres strait beginning in late 1996, the other in a cairns suburb in early 1997.	1998	9539900
antifungal and larvicidal meroterpenoid naphthoquinones and a naphthoxirene from the roots of cordia linnaei.	three new meroterpenoid naphthoquinones, the known cordiaquinone b and a new naphthoxirene have been isolated from the roots of cordia linnaei. their structures were established by spectrometric methods including ei, d/ci and fab mass spectrometry, 1h, 13c and 2d nmr experiments. the naphthoquinones showed activity against cladosporium cucumerinum, candida albicans and the larvae of the yellow fever-transmitting mosquito aedes aegypti, while the naphthoxirene derivative was found to be inactive ...	1998	9542168
ultrastructural studies on the reproductive system of male aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) infected with dengue 2 virus.	dengue 2 virus was found by transmission electron microscopy to be present in the reproductive tissues of male aedes aegypti (l) 14 d after intrathoracic inoculation. dengue 2 particles were detected in the matrix, epithelial cells, and the peripheral fat body of the testes; secretory droplets of columnar cells of the accessory glands; and the epithelial and muscle cells of the seminal vesicles. however, none was found in the germ cells (i.e., spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatid, or spermato ...	1998	9542348
effect of size and geographic origin of aedes aegypti on oral infection with dengue-2 virus.	differences in larval habitats cause variation in the size of aedes aegypti (l.) adults. we suspected that such size variation was related to the ease with which the mosquitoes could be infected with dengue virus. using a rearing procedure that produced three distinct size classes of mosquitoes, we determined the percentage of mosquitoes that developed disseminated dengue-2 infection following oral feeding with a suspension containing 3.3 x 10(7) plaque-forming units/ml. mosquitoes were reared f ...	1998	9546404
down regulation of macrophage activation in brugia pahangi-infected jirds (meriones unguiculatus).	the macrophage is a major component of the inflammatory response induced by lymphatic tissue-dwelling filariae. intraperitoneal (i.p.) infections with brugia pahangi in mongolian gerbils, or jirds (meriones unguiculatus), induce a peritoneal inflammatory response characterized by accumulation of numerous macrophages and fewer eosinophils. this inflammatory response is associated with the release of microfilariae by female worms. the aim of this study was to investigate the activation state of th ...	1998	9488396
genetic determinants responsible for acquisition of dengue type 2 virus mouse neurovirulence.	studies conducted some 50 years ago showed that serial intracerebral passage of dengue viruses in mice selected for neurovirulent mutants that also exhibited significant attenuation for humans. we investigated the genetic basis of mouse neurovirulence of dengue virus because it might be directly or indirectly associated with attenuation for humans. analysis of the sequence in the c-prem-e-ns1 region of the parental dengue type 2 virus (den2) new guinea c (ngc) strain and its mouse-adapted, neuro ...	1998	9445071
development of a comparative genetic linkage map for armigeres subalbatus using aedes aegypti rflp markers.	one of the causative agents of lympahtic filariasis is the nematode parasite brugia malayi that requires a competent mosquito vector for its development and transmission. armigeres subalbatus mosquitoes rapidly destroy invading b. malayi microfilariae via a defense response known as melanotic encapsulation. we have constructed a genetic linkage map for this mosquito species using rflp markers from aedes aegypti. this heterologous approach was possible because of the conserved nature of the codin ...	1998	9445486
evaluation of a rapid immunochromatographic test for diagnosis of dengue virus infection.	a rapid (<7-min) immunochromatographic test for immunoglobulin m (igm) and igg antibodies to dengue viruses was evaluated by using hospital admission and discharge sera from 124 patients. the reference laboratory diagnosis was based on the results of virus isolation, hemagglutination-inhibition assay (hai), and enzyme immunoassay (eia). by the standard assays, patients experienced primary dengue virus infection (n = 30), secondary dengue virus infection (n = 48), japanese encephalitis (je) virus ...	1998	9431954
ovarian development induced in decapitated female culex pipiens pallens mosquitoes by infusion of physiological quantities of 20-hydroxyecdysone together with amino acids.	infusion of 20-hydroxyecdysone into the hemocoel of unfed decapitated female culex pipiens pallens mosquitoes, at a very low rate of 500-2000pg per day, often stimulated oögenesis of this species, when the hormone was infused together with amino acids. the hormone alone or amino acids alone showed no such stimulatory effect. previous reports that using an abdomen ligated immediately after a blood meal for hormone injection reduced the quantity of 20-hydroxyecdysone needed to activate unfed femal ...	1998	12770172
[an etiological and serological study on dengue epidemic in guangdong province].	in 1978-1995, dengue fever epidemics(serotype 1-4) occurred in guangdong province. among 9 species of mosquitoes found in the epidemic areas, the positive rate of virus isolation in aedes albopictus was 20.69%, in aedes aegypti 18.95%, in culex quinquefasciatus 10.29%, dengue viruses were not isolated in other 6 species of mosquitoes. the positive rate of virus isolation in the three species showed no significant differences (chi 2 = 2.77 p > 0.05). aedes aegypti was the main transmitting vector ...	1998	12515199
[characterization of entomopathogenic bacillus samples isolated in senegal and study of their toxicity for malaria vectors].	a screening program developed in senegal to isolate new strains of entomopathogenic bacillus has led to the isolation of 194 strains of bacillus thuringiensis and 9 strains of bacillus sphaericus from various sites and insect samples. the characterization of these strains regarding their h serotype, their crystal composition and their toxicity against mosquitoes (culex pipiens, aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi) has led to the isolation of 27 mosquitocidal strains. as malaria is an important ...	1998	10797955
[detection of dengue virus genome rna in some kinds of animals caught from dengue fever endemic areas in hainan island with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction].	detection of dengue virus genome rna in brain of bats caught from dengue fever endemic areas in hainan island were carried out with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(rt-pcr). positive result was demonstrated in 20 of 35 bats tested, with a positive rate of 57.14%; rt-pcr was applied for the detection of dengue virus genome rna in sera of bats caught from the endemic areas in hainan island, 3(16.66%) of 18 sera were positive. dengue virus genome rna in female aedes aegypti captured ...	1998	12526321
[representing and intervening in public health: viruses, mosquitoes and rockefeller foundation experts in brazil].	the attempts by experts from the of the rockefeller foundation (rf) to eliminate yellow fever in brazil were hampered by the pathology's low visibility. most cases of yellow fever were atypical and easily confused with other fevers. in the 1920s, the rf experts who tried to assess the presence of yellow fever relied mainly on clinical observations. in the 1930s, however, they devised indirect methods of visualizing the presence of the disease agent. visceroctomy revealed the presence of acute ca ...	1998	16676454
proteinases of female aedes aegypti (l.). preliminary note.		1998	28658
isolation of the v-atpase a and c subunit cdnas from mosquito midgut and malpighian tubules.	using conserved amino acid sequences for the design of oligonucleotide primers, we isolated cdna clones for two subunits of the v-atpase from the midgut and malpighian tubules of aedes aegypti larvae. the 3.1 kb cdna of the a subunit of the peripheral catalytic v1 sector codes for a protein of 68.6 kda. the protein contains conserved motifs, including an atp/gtp binding site, found in all other a subunits. southern analysis using the a subunit as a probe suggests the presence of only a single co ...	1998	9397516
analysis of a ribosomal dna intergenic spacer region from the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.	we have sequenced the 1.8 kb intergenic spacer (igs) region from an aedes aegypti ribosomal dna repeat and have identified conserved functional motifs shared with the related mosquito, aedes albopictus. despite the shorter length and greater homogeneity of the ae. aegypti igs region, the sequences of two potential rna polymerase i core promoters and closely associated terminator elements were highly conserved. primer extension analysis indicated that the predominant transcription initiation site ...	1998	9459426
spatial distribution of insecticide resistance in caribbean populations of aedes aegypti and its significance.	to monitor resistance to insecticides, bioassays were performed on 102 strains of the dengue vector aedes aegypti (l.) from 16 countries ranging from suriname in south america and through the chain of caribbean islands to the bahamas, where the larvicide temephos and the adulticide malathion have been in use for 15 to 30 years. there was wide variation in the sensitivity to the larvicide in mosquito populations within and among countries. mosquito strains in some countries such as antigua, st. l ...	1998	9924507
biochemical analysis of a blood meal-induced aedes aegypti glutamine synthetase gene.	glutamine synthetase (gs) in the mosquito, aedes aegypti, is induced in the midgut following a blood meal. mosquito gs message is detected as soon as 1 h post-blood feeding and remains stable for 18 h. using a pcr product encoding mosquito gs, a lambda gt10 adult female mosquito cdna library was screened. a cdna clone, pcl5a2, encoding the full translation product of mosquito gs was isolated and sequence analyses performed. mosquito gs cdna is 2.5 kb in length and its putative translation produc ...	1998	9887510
vitelline envelope genes of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.	vitelline envelope genes from the mosquito aedes aegypti were analyzed with respect to their dna sequences, genomic representation, temporal and spatial expression profiles and response to 20-hydroxyecdysone. genomic clones of three vitelline envelope genes, 15a-1, 15a-2 and 15a-3 were isolated. southern analysis indicates that all three genes are represented by a single copy in the genome. the deduced amino acid sequences of all three vitelline envelope genes contain a conserved region of 46 re ...	1998	9887508
[dengue, arbovirus and migrations in the indian ocean].	an arbovirus requires a competent haematophagous arthropod for transmission from one vertebrate to another susceptible host. air transportations allow quick transfers from place to place and the diffusion of potential vectors or infectious hosts. the merchandise transportation by containers allowed the diffusion of ae. albopictus from asia through africa and america. emerging arbovirusis may occur in zones where they do not exist. dengue which originally was located in southeastern asia, is the ...	1998	9559164
aedes aegypti survival and dispersal estimated by mark-release-recapture in northern australia.	the survival and dispersal of adult aedes aegypti were estimated in northern australia where sporadic outbreaks of ae. aegypti-borne dengue viruses have occurred in recent years. standard mark-release-recapture methods were used. in addition, a new sticky trap was used to capture the mosquitoes. prior to the field study, the survival and effect of marking ae. aegypti with fluorescent powder were determined in the laboratory. mortality was age-dependent and the marked cohorts had higher survival ...	1998	9546403
serum composition of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larvae and the production of an oviposition repellent are influenced by infection with the entomopathogenic digenean plagiorchis elegans (trematoda: plagiorchiidae), starvation, and crowding.	subjecting aedes aegypti (l.) larvae to conditions that induced the production of oviposition repellency also reduced their wet and dry weights and the concentration of total serum carbohydrates, amino acids, and proteins. thus, infection with metacercariae of the entomopathogenic digenean plagiorchis elegans (rudolphi), starvation for 7 d, or crowding for 2 d reduced larval dry weights by as much as 32, 20, and 23%, respectively, and wet weights by 20, 14, and 11%, respectively. total serum car ...	1998	9538578
expression and rapid purification of an aedes aegypti salivary allergen by a baculovirus system.	mosquito salivary proteins cause allergic reactions in humans. recombinant salivary allergens will facilitate both the diagnosis and immunotherapy of mosquito allergy. the aed a 1, a 68-kd apyrase in the saliva of aedes aegypti, has been demonstrated to be an allergen which binds to the ige of mosquito-allergic subjects. the baculovirus expression vector pbluebachis c equipped with an n-terminal histidine tag was used to express the aed a 1 protein. the cdna coding for the 3' significant portion ...	1998	9531167
identification of a steroidogenic neurohormone in female mosquitoes.	in the female mosquito, aedes aegypti, neurohormones are released from the brain in response to a blood meal and stimulate the ovaries to secrete ecdysteroid hormones, which modulate yolk protein synthesis in the fat body. neuropeptides with this bioactivity were isolated from head extracts, and partial sequences from these peptides when aligned gave a 31-residue sequence at the amino terminus. oligonucleotide primers for this sequence were used to amplify with the polymerase chain reaction a ge ...	1998	9461584
effect of heavy metals on aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larvae.	studies were conducted to determine the biological effects of heavy metals on the development of aedes aegypti. embryos immersed in 32 ppm cu or 5 ppm cd did not hatch. the arrest of hatching was in part reversible by removal of the heavy metals. the mortality rate of third-instar larvae exposed to heavy metals for 24 h was metal and dose dependent; the 50% lethal concentration (lc50) endpoints were 3.1, 16.5, and 33 ppm for hg, cd, and cu, respectively. interestingly, a proportion of aedes aegy ...	1998	9515074
identification and cdna cloning of novel juvenile hormone responsive genes from fat body of the bean bug, riptortus clavatus by mrna differential display.	juvenile hormone (jh) induces termination of diapause and initiation of reproductive maturation in the adult female bean bug, riportus clavatus. applying pcr-based differential display, we have identified four novel jh-responsive cdnas, that is, three repressible (jr-1, 2 and 3) and one inducible (ji-1). these dna fragments were partially sequenced and compared with sequences in the data base. jr-3 was shown to have similarity to the transferrins of other insects, which have been reported as jh- ...	1998	9654740
mediation of deet repellency in mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) by species, age, and parity.	laboratory bioassays assessed differences in the protection time provided by the repellent deet (n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) against 5-d-old nulliparous and 10-, 15-, and 20-d-old nulliparous and parous female aedes aegypti (l.), anopheles albimanus (weidemann), and anopheles quadrimaculatus say sensu lato. mean protection time was shortest against an. albimanus (1.6 h) and an. quadrimaculatus (1.5 h) and longest against ae. aegypti (6.5 h), but was not significantly influenced by mosquito ag ...	1998	9615557
dose-dependent effects of crf-like diuretic peptide on transcellular and paracellular transport pathways.	the mechanism of action of synthetic culex corticotropin-releasing factor (crf)-like diuretic peptide (ccrf-dp) was investigated in isolated, perfused malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. low concentrations of ccrf-dp (10(-10) and 10(-9) m) caused depolarizing oscillations of the lumen-positive transepithelial voltage (vt) in malpighian tubules, whereas high concentrations (10(-8) and 10(-7) m) first depolarized and then transiently hyperpolarized vt; ccrf-dp always lo ...	1998	9612320
nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of a putative asparagine synthetase in the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.).	a cdna was cloned from a aedes aegypti head cdna library, containing the complete coding sequence for an asparagine synthetase homolog. the predicted polypeptide sequence exhibits high homology with different proteins of the 'purf' glutamine amidotransferase enzyme family. the aminoterminal region, containing cys-1 which is crucial to perform the glutaminase reaction, was highly conserved among the asparagine synthetase family. subsequent expression of the cdna yielded a 54,000 da protein corres ...	1998	9602118
the lethal effects of cyperus iria on aedes aegypti.	the sedge cyperus iria, a common weed in rice, contains large amounts of the insect hormone (10r) juvenile hormone iii (jh iii). given its widespread distribution in asia and africa, we examined the possibility that c. iria could be used as a safe, inexpensive, and readily available mosquito larvicide. plants of varying ages were harvested and leaves tested for lethal effects on larvae of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. the median lethal doses (ld50s) for frozen leaves from 1- and 2-mo ...	1998	9599328
natural habitats of aedes aegypti in the caribbean--a review.	natural breeding habitats of aedes aegypti in the caribbean region were reviewed by conducting larval surveys in trinidad. puerto rico, and the u.s. virgin islands and referring to records from the mosquitoes of middle america project. twelve types of natural habitats were recorded: rock holes (9.7%), calabashes (2.4%), tree holes (19.5%), leaf axils (4.8%), bamboo joints (14.9%), papaya stumps (7.3%), coconut shells (4.8%), bromeliads (7.3%), ground pools (14.9%), coral rock holes (9.7%), crab ...	1998	9599318
the concentration-dependence of crf-like diuretic peptide: mechanisms of action.	the mechanism of action of synthetic ccrf-dp, the corticotropin-releasing factor (crf)-related diuretic peptide of the salt marsh mosquito culex salinarius, was investigated in isolated malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. a low concentration of ccrf-dp (10(-9)mol l-1) caused a small but insignificant increase in transepithelial secretion of nacl and fluid, but significantly reduced transepithelial voltage and resistance without a change in short-circuit current, pointi ...	1998	9576886
relative efficacy of synthetic pyrethroid-impregnated fabrics against mosquitoes under laboratory conditions.	the efficacy of synthetic pyrethroid-impregnated fabrics was evaluated against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus, under laboratory conditions. results revealed that delta-methrin was significantly superior in comparison to lambdacyhalothrin and cyfluthrin. results of bioassay tests revealed that deltamethrin was 1.5 and 1.9 times more effective than lambdacyhalothrin and cyfluthrin, respectively, against an. stephensi exposed to cotton fabric treated at 100 g/m2. del ...	1998	10084134
efficacy of neem oil-water emulsion against mosquito immatures.	neem oil-water emulsion was used in mosquito breeding habitats to find out its larvicidal effect on immatures of different mosquito species. application of 5% neem oil-water emulsion @ 50 ml/sq m in pools and @ 100 ml/sq m in tanks resulted in 100% reduction of iii and iv instar larvae of an. stephensi after 24 h while, against cx. quinquefasciatus it was 51.6 and 91.2% reduction in the larval density after day 1 and 14 respectively. similarly, application of 10% emulsion in desert coolers again ...	1998	10319557
seasonal prevalence of anopheles stephensi larvae and existence of two forms of the species in an urban garden in calcutta city.	a study on the occurrence and seasonal prevalence of anopheles stephensi (principal vector of malaria in calcutta) larvae in an urban garden in central calcutta revealed their presence in collections of fresh and/or rain water in various kinds of temporary and permanent breeding habitats. breeding sites in shady areas were preferred in comparison to those receiving direct sunlight. the density of an. stephensi larvae was highest in earthen and lowest in wooden pots throughout the study period, a ...	1998	10319556
[natural features of oviposition of culex (melanoconion) group pilosus (diptera: culicidae)].	eggs of culex (melanoconion) grupo pilosus were found in three oviposition traps set in the toilet of a bus station in joinville city, state of santa catarina, brazil, during a surveillance study of aedes aegypti. the intrinsic characteristic of group oviposition not directly on the water was confirmed.	1998	9876429
[pathogenic effect of the nematode parasite romanomermis iyengari(nematoda: mermithidae) in aedes aegypti mosquito larvae (diptera: culicidae) under laboratory conditions in the state of oaxaca, mexico].	laboratory tests with waters from aedes aegypti linneaus (1762) breeding places were made to determine the pathogenic effect of the mermithid nematode romanomermis iyengari welch 1964 in mosquito larvae of this species. according to the results obtained, the administration of a dosage of 10:1 (10 preparasitics per mosquito larvae) showed levels of parasitism of 90, 93, 91, and 85% in mosquito larvae in the i, ii, iii, and iv stage, respectively. with the highest dosage of 20:1 (20 preparasitics ...	1998	9842260
larval rearing water and preexisting eggs influence oviposition by aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus (diptera: culicidae).	two-choice laboratory bioassays were used to evaluate oviposition responses of gravid aedes aegypti (l.) and ae. albopictus (skuse) to larval rearing water and eggs from prior egg deposition. oviposition responses by female ae. aegypti were similar between larval water from ae. aegypti and water controls but significantly greater to larval water from ae. albopictus (12.2%) compared with water controls. oviposition by ae. albopictus females increased significantly in response to larval water from ...	1998	9835684
mesocyclops longisetus effects on survivorship of aedes aegypti immature stages in car tyres.	the effect of the introduction of the entomophagous copepod mesocyclops longisetus (acuacultura f.c.b. strain) on the survival of aedes aegypti immature stages in car tyres was evaluated under semi-natural conditions in the municipality of merida, yucatan, mexico. life tables were constructed for the immature stages of the mosquito in the presence and absence of m. longisetus, and the survival data were compared using log-linear models. the data set was adjusted using the glim statistical packag ...	1998	9824822
presence of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (mites) in the genome of arabidopsis thaliana: characterisation of the emigrant family of elements.	although the genome of arabidopsis thaliana has a small amount of repetitive dna, it contains representatives of most classes of mobile elements. however, to date, no miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (mite) has been described in this plant. here, we describe a new family of repeated sequences that we have named emigrant, which are dispersed in the genome of arabidopsis and fulfil all the requirements of mites. these sequences are short, at-rich, have terminal inverted repeats (tirs ...	1998	9807830
biosynthesis of aedes aegypti lipophorin and gene expression of its apolipoproteins.	the biosynthesis of lipophorin of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, was investigated. fat bodies were incubated in vitro with radiolabeled methionine and cysteine, and radiolabeled proteins secreted into the medium were analyzed by density gradient ultracentrifugation, sds-page and fluorography. lipophorin was synthesized in the fat body and secreted into the medium. its density was 1.114 g/ml, similar to that of lipophorin circulating in hemolymph. three peptides of a tryptic digest of ...	1998	9807220
dna binding and transactivation characteristics of the mosquito ecdysone receptor-ultraspiracle complex.	the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone is a key regulatory factor, controlling blood-meal triggered egg maturation in mosquitoes. to elucidate the ecdysone hierarchy governing this event, we cloned and characterized the ecdysone receptor (aaecr) and the nuclear receptor ultraspiracle (aausp), a retinoid x receptor homologue, from the mosquito, aedes aegypti, which form a functional complex capable of ligand and dna binding. here we analyzed the dna-binding properties of the aaecr.aausp heterodim ...	1998	9765285
estimation of predation by the larvae of toxorhynchites splendens on the aquatic stages of aedes aegypti.	predation by instars of toxorhynchites splendens on aquatic stages of aedes aegypti was studied by estimating functional response parameters such as attack rate (a') and handling time (th) in the laboratory. the predator displayed typical type-ii functional response, similar to that of most insect predators when presented with increasing densities of any given size class of prey. second instar predator attacked prey significantly at higher rate than the other instars. small prey were attacked at ...	1998	9740296
domestic aedes aegypti breeding site surveillance: limitations of remote sensing as a predictive surveillance tool.	this project tested aerial photography as a surveillance tool in identifying residential premises at high risk of aedes aegypti breeding by extending the use of a recently developed, ground-based, rapid assessment technique, the modified premise condition index (pci2). during 1995, we inspected 360 premises in townsville, australia for ae. aegypti breeding, and pci2 scores were recorded. the pci2 values were also estimated from 1:3,000 color and infrared aerial photograph interpretation for the ...	1998	9715943
aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) movement influenced by availability of oviposition sites.	marked aedes aegypti (l.) (5-6 d old) were released inside 2 groups of 5 houses (100 females per house) in a residential community in florida, pr, to compare behavior of gravid females at sites where oviposition containers were absent to sites where containers were abundant (i.e., 2 tires and 10 ovipots were added to each yard). two sequential releases were made so that both groups of houses were evaluated with oviposition containers removed and added. mosquitoes resting inside the 10 release ho ...	1998	9701948
isolation and characterization of the gene encoding a novel factor xa-directed anticoagulant from the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.	mosquito salivary glands secrete a number of proteins that inhibit mammalian hemostasis and facilitate blood feeding. we have isolated the protein product and corresponding cdna of a gene designated anticoagulant-factor xa (afxa), that encodes the factor xa (fxa)-directed anticoagulant of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. the protein was purified partially by cation exchange chromatography and shown by enzyme activity profiles and sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis to have a ...	1998	9694825
effectiveness of ammonium solution in relieving type i mosquito bite symptoms: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.	a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to compare the efficacy of ammonium solution with placebo in relieving type i symptoms caused by aedes aegypti mosquitoes on 25 healthy subjects. each subject was bitten once under laboratory conditions by aedes aegypti mosquitoes on the volar aspect of each forearm, and then received the treatment with ammonium solution and placebo, respectively. compared with placebo, the ammonium solution significantly (p < 0.0001) decreased i ...	1998	9689301
evaluation of repellent activities of cymbopogon essential oils against mosquito vectors of malaria, filariasis and dengue fever in india.	essential oils of four species and two hybrid varieties of cymbopogon grasses were evaluated for their repellent properties against the major vector mosquitoes, namely, anopheles stephensi, culex quinque-fasciatus and aedes aegypti, both in laboratory and field. the magnitude of repellency in the cymbopogon essential oils was found to be of moderate to high order. all grass species protected completely from mosquito bites for 4 hrs, whereas c. nardus provided protection for as much as 8-10 hrs o ...	1998	23195906
north carolina mosquito records. i. uncommon aedes and anopheles (diptera: culicidae).	new distribution records are provided for 10 mosquito species that are rare or uncommon in north carolina: aedes aegypti, ae. cinereus, ae. dupreei, ae. fulvus pallens, ae. hendersoni, ae. mitchellae, ae. thibaulti, ae. tormentor, ae. trivittatus, and anopheles atropos. biological notes are provided for habitats, behavior, and, in some cases, color patterns. comments are also made about 6 additional species that are rare or uncommon in north carolina.	1998	9673917
toxicity of a phenyl pyrazole insecticide, fipronil, to mosquito and chironomid midge larvae in the laboratory.	toxicity of a phenyl pyrazole insecticide, fipronil, to 4th-instar larvae of 6 species of colonized mosquitoes (aedes aegypti, ae. albopictus, ae. taeniorhynchus, anopheles quadrimaculatus, culex nigripalpus, and cx. quinquefasciatus) and 2 species of field-collected chironomid midges (chironomus crassicaudatus and glyptotendipes paripes) was evaluated in the laboratory. all mosquito species were highly susceptible with 48-h median lethal concentration (lc50) values ranging from 0.00043 ppm (ae. ...	1998	9673927
isolation and sequence of a partial vitellogenin cdna from the cockroach, blattella germanica (l.) (dictyoptera, blattellidae), and characterization of the vitellogenin gene expression.	a partial cdna clone of the vitellogenin gene from the cockroach blattella germanica has been isolated from a cdna expression library using an anti-vitellin-vitellogenin antiserum probe. the analysis of cdna inserts gave a sequence of 2,645 nucleotides corresponding to the 3' region. the deduced amino acid sequence is 825 residues long and is similar to the homologous portion of the vitellogenin of other insect species, especially that of the mosquito aedes aegypti. rna hybridization studies ind ...	1998	9658559
structural, genomic, and phylogenetic analysis of lian, a novel family of non-ltr retrotransposons in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.	a retrotransposon named lian-aa1 was discovered in an intron of an aahr3-1 gene of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. this retrotransposon contained a long open reading frame with 1,219 amino acids that included endonuclease, reverse transcriptase, and rnase h domains. it was shown that in the rock strain of ae. aegypti, there were up to 1,380 copies of lian elements, equivalent to 0.8% of the entire genome. five additional copies of lian elements were isolated, mapped by restriction dige ...	1998	9656485
localization of the mosquito insulin receptor homolog (mir) in reproducing yellow fever mosquitoes (aedes aegypti).	the female mosquito takes a blood meal to produce a batch of eggs. initiation of egg maturation and growth of oocytes is governed by several endocrine factors. peptide factors from the brain are involved in this process and some are also responsible for the induction of ecdysone secretion. the latter appears to be required to maintain a high rate of vitellogenin synthesis. by analogy with the known functions of insulin-like molecules (e.g. bombyxins) which in insects activate the secretion of ec ...	1998	12770311
a temporal profile of the endocrine control of trypsin synthesis in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.	trypsin synthesis and secretion is induced after the female mosquito takes a blood meal. its peak activity has been shown to be proportional to the amount and quality of food uptake. further regulatory elements, hormones from the brain and the ovary, increase the synthethic rate of trypsin in the midgut by a factor of two. we investigated the temporal effect of removing the humoral factors by decapitation and ovariectomy. trypsin synthesis was reduced to less than half its normal output when the ...	1998	12770164