Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica and shigella flexneri on spinach leaves by x-ray. | several recent foodborne disease outbreaks associated with leafy green vegetables, including spinach, have been reported. x-ray is a non-thermal technology that has shown promise for reducing pathogenic and spoilage bacteria on spinach leaves. inactivation of inoculated escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella enterica and shigella flexneri on spinach leaves using x-ray at different doses (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kgy) was studied. the effect of x-ray on col ... | 2010 | 19913687 |
| a multifactorial risk prioritization framework for foodborne pathogens. | we develop a prioritization framework for foodborne risks that considers public health impact as well as three other factors (market impact, consumer risk acceptance and perception, and social sensitivity). canadian case studies are presented for six pathogen-food combinations: campylobacter spp. in chicken; salmonella spp. in chicken and spinach; escherichia coli o157 in spinach and beef; and listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meats. public health impact is measured by disability-adjusted l ... | 2010 | 19671103 |
| the cellulose-degrading microbial community of the human gut varies according to the presence or absence of methanogens. | cellulose-degrading microorganisms involved in the breakdown of plant cell wall material in the human gut remain rather unexplored despite their role in intestinal fermentation. microcrystalline cellulose-degrading bacteria were previously identified in faeces of methane-excreting individuals, whereas these microorganisms were undetectable in faecal samples from non-methane excretors. this suggested that the structure and activity of the cellulose-degrading community differ in methane- and non-m ... | 2010 | 20662929 |
| environmental reservoirs for enterotoxigenic escherichia coli in south asian gangetic riverine system. | forecasting diarrheagenic e. coli contamination of aquatic resources to prevent outbreaks largely depends on rapid and accurate diagnostic testing in a few hours. real-time pcr is widely used for quick culture-free quantitative enumeration of pathogenic bacteria in environmental samples. in this study, real-time pcr in molecular beacon format was used for detection and culture-free quantitative enumeration of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) harboring lt1 gene in a sewage-impacted south a ... | 2010 | 20704250 |
| comparison of the effectiveness of acidified sodium chlorite and sodium hypochlorite in reducing escherichia coli. | this study was designed to compare the effectiveness of acidified sodium chlorite (asc) and sodium hypochlorite (naclo) in reducing several escherichia coli strains isolated from different retail meat and fresh produce. forty nonpathogenic e. coli strains were isolated and used in this study. a type strain of e. coli (jcm 1649) and four o157:h7 serotypes of e. coli (cr-3, mn-28, my-29, and dt-66) were used as reference. in vitro assay results revealed that the viable cell counts of each isolated ... | 2010 | 20704504 |
| zwitterion modulation of o(2)-evolving activity of cyanobacterial photosystem ii. | photosystem ii (psii) is the only enzyme in nature that can catalyze the challenging catalytic photooxidation of h(2)o into four protons, four electrons, and o(2). slowing down turnover of the o(2)-evolving complex (oec) is a plausible approach to gain mechanistic information on the reaction. however, modulating the kinetics of the reaction without perturbing the active site is a challenge. in this study, it is shown that the steady-state activity of cyanobacterial psii is inhibited by small zwi ... | 2010 | 20707325 |
| fruits and vegetables protect against the genotoxicity of heterocyclic aromatic amines activated by human xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes expressed in immortal mammalian cells. | heterocyclic aromatic amines (haas) can be formed during the cooking of meat and fish at elevated temperatures and are associated with an increased risk for cancer. on the other hand, epidemiological findings suggest that foods rich in fruits and vegetables can protect against cancer. in the present study three teas, two wines, and the juices of 15 fruits and 11 vegetables were investigated for their protective effect against the genotoxic effects of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (iq) ... | 2010 | 20713174 |
| screening of dried plant seed extracts for adiponectin production activity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitory activity on 3t3-l1 adipocytes. | to search for dried plant seeds with potent anti-diabetes activity, we conducted a large scale screening for inhibitory activity on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and facilitating activity on adiponectin production in vitro. these activities in 3t3-l1 adipocytes were screened from ethanol extracts of 20 kinds of dried plant seed marketed in japan. komatsuna (brassica rapa var. perviridis), common bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.), qing geng cai (brassica rapa var. chinensis), green soybean (glycine max) ... | 2010 | 20717728 |
| comparison of chromogenic biolog rainbow agar shigella/aeromonas with xylose lysine desoxycholate agar for isolation and detection of shigella spp. from foods. | shigella outbreaks are widely reported throughout the world. however, it remains a challenge to isolate shigella spp. from foods by using conventional microbiological media. the main objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a novel chromogenic medium, rainbow agar shigella/aeromonas (rainbow agar), for the isolation and detection of shigella spp. in foods. all four shigella species, s. sonnei, s. flexneri, s. dysenteriae, and s. boydii, were studied. rainbow agar was compare ... | 2010 | 20819355 |
| uptake and transport of roxarsone and its metabolites in water spinach as affected by phosphate supply. | roxarsone (rox) is widely used as a feed additive in intensive animal production. while an animal is fed with rox, the as compounds in the manure primarily occur as rox and its metabolites, including arsenate (as[v]), arsenite (as[iii]), monomethylarsonic acid (mma), and dimethylarsinic acid (dma). animal manure is commonly land applied with phosphorous fertilizers in china. a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the phytoavailability of rox, as(v), as(iii), mma, and dma in water spinach ... | 2010 | 20821525 |
| variation of microbial load and visual quality of ready-to-eat salads by vegetable type, season, processor and retailer. | microbial components and visual quality were determined on 1158 consumer units of ready-to-eat salads from several processors, two per each of 579 process lots, with residual shelf-life varying around a mode of five days, collected over 19 months in the years 2006-2008 from retail stores of two italian cities close to a major producing and processing area. the salads were mainly baby leaf of single species (lettuce, arugula, spinach, lamb's lettuce), with approximately 10% of the lots made up by ... | 2010 | 20832687 |
| protective effects of glycoglycerolipids extracted from spinach on 5-fluorouracil induced intestinal mucosal injury. | glycoglycerolipids are mostly found in plants, however the beneficial effects of the glycoglycerolipids on mammalian body have not been understood. in this study, we investigated the effects of glycolipid extracts from spinach, which highly contained glycoglycerolipids, on mucosal injury induced by 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) in rats. preadministration of glycolipid extracts from spinach (20 mg/kg body weight) prevented villous atrophy, misaligned crypts, and increased inflammatory cytokines in rat je ... | 2010 | 20847532 |
| population dynamics of escherichia coli inoculated by irrigation into the phyllosphere of spinach grown under commercial production conditions. | recent outbreaks of food-borne illnesses associated with the consumption of fresh produce have increased attention on irrigation water as a potential source of pathogen contamination. a better understanding of the behaviour of enteric pathogens introduced into agricultural systems during irrigation will aid in risk assessments and support the development of appropriate farm-level water management practices. for this reason, the survival dynamics of two nalidixic acid resistant strains of escheri ... | 2010 | 20864201 |
| the occurrence of lithium in the environment of the jordan valley and its transfer into the food chain. | lithium is found in trace amounts in all soils. it is also found in plants and in nearly all the organs of the human body. low li intake can cause behavioral defects. thus, this study was conducted to investigate the concentration and distribution of water-soluble li in soils of the jordan valley and its concentration in citrus trees and some important food crops in view of the significant implications of li for human health. the concentration of soluble li was measured in 180 soil samples colle ... | 2010 | 20872235 |
| lymphoid neoplastic p388d1 cells express membrane protein candidates that discriminate among the c-terminal phylogenetic diversity in heat shock protein 70 sequences. | we previously found that mouse inducible hsp72 bound more extensively to lymphoblast-like lymphoid neoplastic p388d1 cells than to raw264.7 monocyte-macrophages. in the present study, we analyzed the characteristics of the binding to p388d1 cells of recombinant hsp70 derived from different species. recombinant mouse inducible-type hsp72 bound extensively to p388d1 cells in a saturable manner, but not to p815 mastocytoma or el4 thymoma. spinach hsc70-1, highly homologous with mouse hsp72 in the c ... | 2010 | 20880591 |
| structure-based catalytic optimization of a type iii rubisco from a hyperthermophile. | the calvin-benson-bassham cycle is responsible for carbon dioxide fixation in all plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. the enzyme that catalyzes the carbon dioxide-fixing reaction is ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco). rubisco from a hyperthermophilic archaeon thermococcus kodakarensis (tk-rubisco) belongs to the type iii group, and shows high activity at high temperatures. we have previously found that replacement of the entire α-helix 6 of tk-rubisco with the corresponding ... | 2010 | 20926376 |
| simple quantitative analysis of escherichia coli k-12 internalized in baby spinach using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. | bacterial contamination continues to be a serious concern for food safety. although washing fresh produce helps in reducing pathogen levels, pathogen internalization often limits the effectiveness of washing. when pathogens internalize in leafy vegetables, the method of identification and quantitative measurement would be called into question. this study was aimed to use fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy integrated with an attenuated total reflectance kit for quantification of esche ... | 2010 | 20937537 |
| multiplexed magnetic microsphere immunoassays for detection of pathogens in foods. | foodstuffs have traditionally been challenging matrices for conducting immunoassays. proteins, carbohydrates, and other macromolecules present in food matrices may interfere with both immunoassays and pcr-based tests, and removal of particulate matter may also prove challenging prior to analyses. this has been found true when testing for bacterial contamination of foods using the standard polystyrene microspheres utilized with luminex flow cytometers. luminex magplex microspheres are encoded wit ... | 2010 | 20953301 |
| monitoring programme on nitrates in vegetables and vegetable-based baby foods marketed in the region of valencia, spain: levels and estimated daily intake. | this study was carried out to determine the current levels of nitrates in vegetables and vegetable-based baby foods (a total of 1150 samples) marketed in the region of valencia, spain, over the period 2000-2008, and to estimate the toxicological risk associated with their intake. average (median) levels of nitrate in lettuce, iceberg-type lettuce and spinach (1156, 798 and 1410 mg kg(-1) w/w, respectively) were lower than the maximum limits established by european union legislation. thirteen fre ... | 2010 | 20234964 |
| quantification of folate in fruits and vegetables: a fluorescence-based homogeneous assay. | a high-throughput, homogeneous, fluorescence polarization, and fluorescence intensity assay has been developed for the measurement of folate in fruits and vegetables. this assay is based on the competitive displacement of the fluorescent folate ligands alexa fluor (alexa) 594-folate and alexa 660-folate from bovine milk folate-binding protein by folates in fruit and vegetable extracts. these fluorescent ligands are employed because their excitation and emission maxima are in regions of the spect ... | 2010 | 20361923 |
| living hybrid materials capable of energy conversion and co2 assimilation. | this paper reviews our work on the fabrication of photobiochemical hybrid materials via immobilisation of photosynthetically active entities within silica materials, summarising the viability and productivity of these active entities post encapsulation and evaluating their efficiency as the principal component of a photobioreactor. immobilisation of thylakoids extracted from spinach leaves as well as whole cells such as a. thaliana, synechococcus and c. caldarium was carried out in situ using so ... | 2010 | 20401424 |
| alterations of the phylloepiphytic bacterial community associated with interactions of escherichia coli o157:h7 during storage of packaged spinach at refrigeration temperatures. | this study investigated the effects of packaging and storage temperature on the spinach phylloepiphytic bacterial community and fate of escherichia coli o157:h7. freshly harvested spinach was rinsed and/or disinfected, packaged and stored under typical retail conditions (4 degrees c) or under temperature abuse conditions (10 degrees c) for a period of 15 days. the final population size of culturable epiphytic bacteria after 15 days of storage was not affected by the temperature of storage or the ... | 2010 | 20417396 |
| host range and complete genome sequence of cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus, a new member of the genus crinivirus. | cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (ccyv) causes chlorotic yellows on cucumber (cucumis sativus) and melon (cucumis melo) and is transmitted by bemisia tabaci biotype b and q whiteflies. to characterize the host range of ccyv, 21 cucurbitaceous and 12 other plant species were inoculated using whitefly vectors. all tested cucumis spp. except cucumis anguria and cucumis zeyheri were systemically infected with ccyv, although infection rates varied among species. citrullus lanatus, cucurbita pepo, and ... | 2010 | 20465411 |
| ultrastructure of aphanomyces cochlioides zoospores and changes during their developmental transitions triggered by the host-specific flavone cochliophilin a. | aphanomyces cochlioides is a serious damping-off causing pathogen of sugar beet, spinach and some other members of chenopodiaceae and amaranthaceae. the biflagellated motile zoospores of the pathogen locate their host roots by perceiving the host-specific flavone cochliophilin a (5-hydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone), transiently modify into cystospores that germinate prior to penetration. this study for the first time illustrated ultrastructure of the zoospores and morphological modification dur ... | 2010 | 20473957 |
| development and validation of a multiresidue method for the determination of neonicotinoid and macrocyclic lactone pesticide residues in milk, fruits, and vegetables by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/ms/ms. | a multiresidue method was developed and validated for the determination of 13 neonicotinoid pesticides and metabolites, and nine macrocyclic lactone pesticides and veterinary drugs using spe and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/ms/ms. the method was validated in milk, orange, spinach, apple, plum, watermelon, green bean, zucchini, broccoli, strawberry, grape, and tomato by analyzing replicates of residue-free control samples fortified with a mixture of 22 target analytes at three concentr ... | 2010 | 20480883 |
| the role, challenges, and support of pulsenet laboratories in detecting foodborne disease outbreaks. | in recent years, there have been several high-profile nationwide foodborne outbreaks due to enteric organisms in food products, including salmonella typhimurium in peanut products, salmonella saintpaul in peppers, and escherichia coli o157:h7 in spinach. pulsenet, the national molecular subtyping network for foodborne disease surveillance, played a key role in detecting each of these outbreaks. pulsenet laboratories use bacterial subtyping methods to rapidly detect clusters of foodborne disease, ... | 2010 | 20518445 |
| surface and internalized escherichia coli o157:h7 on field-grown spinach and lettuce treated with spray-contaminated irrigation water. | numerous field studies have revealed that irrigation water can contaminate the surface of plants; however, the occurrence of pathogen internalization is unclear. this study was conducted to determine the sites of escherichia coli o157:h7 contamination and its survival when the bacteria were applied through spray irrigation water to either field-grown spinach or lettuce. to differentiate internalized and surface populations, leaves were treated with a surface disinfectant wash before the tissue w ... | 2010 | 20537256 |
| mycobacterium tuberculosis cyp125a1, a steroid c27 monooxygenase that detoxifies intracellularly generated cholest-4-en-3-one. | the infectivity and persistence of mycobacterium tuberculosis requires the utilization of host cell cholesterol. we have examined the specific role of cytochrome p450 cyp125a1 in the cholesterol degradation pathway using genetic, biochemical and high-resolution mass spectrometric approaches. the analysis of lipid profiles from cells grown on cholesterol revealed that cyp125a1 is required to incorporate the cholesterol side-chain carbon atoms into cellular lipids, as evidenced by an increase in t ... | 2010 | 20545858 |
| tobacco biomass hydrolysate enhances coenzyme q10 production using photosynthetic rhodospirillum rubrum. | coenzyme q10 (coq10), a potent antioxidative dietary supplement, was produced using a photosynthetic bacteria rhodospirillum rubrum atcc 25852 by submerged fermentation supplemented with tobacco biomass hydrolysate (tbh) in comparison with media supplemented with hydrolysates prepared with alfalfa (abh) or spinach (sbh). growth medium supplemented with 20% (v/v) tbh was found favorable with regard to cell density and coq10 concentration. the stimulation effects on cell growth (shortened lag phas ... | 2010 | 20554198 |
| carotenoid profiles in provitamin a-containing fruits and vegetables affect the bioefficacy in mongolian gerbils. | fruits and vegetables are rich sources of provitamin a carotenoids. we evaluated the vitamin a (va) bioefficacy of a whole foods supplement (wfs) and its constituent green vegetables (study 1) and a variety of fruits with varying ratios of provitamin a carotenoids (study 2) in va-depleted mongolian gerbils (n = 77/study). after feeding a va-deficient diet for 4 and 6 weeks in studies 1 and 2, respectively, customized diets, equalized for va, were fed for 4 and 3 weeks, respectively. both studies ... | 2010 | 20558838 |
| effect of spinacia oleraceae l. and perilla frutescens l. on antioxidants and lipid peroxidation in an intervention study in healthy individuals. | daily consumption of fruits and vegetables is frequently recommended to prevent several diseases. this health-promoting effect is considered to be in part due to the antioxidant content of fruits and vegetables and their ability to decrease oxidative stress. to investigate whether the ingestion of preparations from spinach or perilla, two carotenoid-rich leafy vegetables, is followed by an increase in carotenoid concentration and/or affects parameters of oxidative stress in human blood plasma. 1 ... | 2010 | 20052549 |
| lipolysis of natural long chain and synthetic medium chain galactolipids by pancreatic lipase-related protein 2. | monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (mgdg) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (dgdg) are the most abundant lipids in nature, mainly as important components of plant leaves and chloroplast membranes. pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (plrp2) was previously found to express galactolipase activity, and it is assumed to be the main enzyme involved in the digestion of these common vegetable lipids in the gastrointestinal tract. most of the previous in vitro studies were however performed with medium chain syn ... | 2010 | 20083229 |
| streptomyces coelicolor a3(2) cyp102 protein, a novel fatty acid hydroxylase encoded as a heme domain without an n-terminal redox partner. | the gene from streptomyces coelicolor a3(2) encoding cyp102b1, a recently discovered cyp102 subfamily which exists solely as a single p450 heme domain, has been cloned, expressed in escherichia coli, purified, characterized, and compared to its fusion protein family members. purified reconstitution metabolism experiments with spinach ferredoxin, ferredoxin reductase, and nadph revealed differences in the regio- and stereoselective metabolism of arachidonic acid compared to that of cyp102a1, excl ... | 2010 | 20097805 |
| investigating the activity spectrum for ring-substituted 8-hydroxyquinolines. | in this study, a series of fourteen ring-substituted 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives were prepared. the synthesis procedures are presented. the compounds were analyzed using rp-hplc to determine lipophilicity. they were tested for their activity related to inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport (pet) in spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) chloroplasts. primary in vitro screening of the synthesized compounds was also performed against four mycobacterial strains and against eight fungal strains ... | 2010 | 20110891 |
| amelioration of asthmatic inflammation by an aqueous extract of spinacia oleracea linn. | inflammation of the respiratory tract is a crucial process in immune diseases, including asthma, and atopic rhinitis. to establish whether an aqueous extract of spinacia oleracea linn (sol) has a beneficial influence in terms of anti-asthmatic activity, we examined its effects on an ovalbumin-induced asthmatic model. mice sensitized to ovalbumin were orally administered the sol extract, and their lungs examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining to determine il-4/13 cytokine expression. the sol e ... | 2010 | 20127046 |
| relationship between fresh-packaged spinach leaves exposed to continuous light or dark and bioactive contents: effects of cultivar, leaf size, and storage duration. | current retail marketing conditions allow produce to receive artificial light 24 h per day during its displayed shelf life. essential human-health vitamins [ascorbic acid (vit c), folate (vit b(9)), phylloquinone (vit k(1)), alpha-tocopherol (vit e), and the carotenoids lutein, violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, and beta-carotene (provit a)] also are essential for photosynthesis and are biosynthesized in plants by light conditions even under chilling temperatures. spinach leaves, notably abundant in the ... | 2010 | 20131793 |
| behavior of escherichia coli o157:h7 on damaged leaves of spinach, lettuce, cilantro, and parsley stored at abusive temperatures. | recent foodborne illness outbreaks associated with the consumption of leafy green produce indicates a need for additional information on the behavior of pathogenic bacteria on these products. previous research indicates that pathogen growth and survival is enhanced by leaf damage. the objective of this study was to compare the behavior of escherichia coli o157:h7 on damaged leaves of baby romaine lettuce, spinach, cilantro, and parsley stored at three abusive temperatures (8, 12, and 15 degrees ... | 2010 | 20132665 |
| reduction of escherichia coli o157:h7 in fresh spinach, using lactic acid bacteria and chlorine as a multihurdle intervention. | a 12-day shelf life study was conducted at 7 degrees c to determine whether escherichia coli o157:h7 on spinach can be controlled effectively by selected strains of lactic acid bacteria (lab) alone or in combination with chlorine as a multihurdle intervention. the multihurdle intervention consisted of both lab and chlorine and was applied to spinach as a rinse and evaluated in comparison to lab alone and chlorine and water rinses. reductions achieved by all treatments also were compared with tho ... | 2010 | 20132683 |
| histamine, cadaverine, and putrescine produced in vitro by enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonadaceae isolated from spinach. | a total of 364 bacterial isolates, obtained from spinach leaves, were assayed in a decarboxylase broth containing histidine, lysine, and ornithine to check their ability to produce biogenic amines, and then quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. among these isolates, 240 formed cadaverine, 208 formed putrescine, and 196 formed histamine, in widely varying amounts. they frequently produced more than one biogenic amine. klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae and morganella morganii ... | 2010 | 20132689 |
| population analyses of the vascular plant pathogen verticillium dahliae detect recombination and transcontinental gene flow. | the fungal pathogen verticillium dahliae has resulted in significant losses in numerous crops in coastal california, but lettuce remained unaffected until the mid-1990s. since then outbreaks have decimated entire fields, but the causes of this sudden susceptibility of lettuce remain elusive. the population structure of v. dahliae isolated from coastal california (n=123) was investigated with 22 microsatellite markers, and compared with strains from tomato in central california (n=60), spinach se ... | 2010 | 20149887 |
| the proteome map of spinach leaf peroxisomes indicates partial compartmentalization of phylloquinone (vitamin k1) biosynthesis in plant peroxisomes. | leaf peroxisomes are fragile, low-abundance plant cell organelles that are difficult to isolate from one of the few plant species whose nuclear genome has been sequenced. leaf peroxisomes were enriched at high purity from spinach (spinacia oleracea) and approximately 100 protein spots identified from 2-dimensional gels by a combination of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms) and de novo sequencing. in addition to the predominant enzymes involved in photorespiration and detox ... | 2010 | 20150517 |
| identification and characterization of a bacterial cytochrome p450 for the metabolism of diclofenac. | the bacterium actinoplanes sp. atcc 53771 is known to perform drug metabolism of several xenobiotics similarly to humans. we identified a cytochrome p450 enzyme from this strain, cyp107e4, and expressed it in escherichia coli using the pet101 vector. the purified enzyme showed the characteristic reduced-co difference spectra with a peak at 450 nm, indicating the protein is produced in the active form with proper heme incorporation. the cyp107e4 enzyme was found to bind the drug diclofenac. using ... | 2010 | 19636551 |
| determination of lead and cadmium concentration limits in agricultural soil and municipal solid waste compost through an approach of zero tolerance to food contamination. | cadmium and lead are important environmental pollutants with high toxicity to animals and human. soils, though have considerable metal immobilizing capability, can contaminate food chain via plants grown upon them when their built-up occurs to a large extent. present experiment was carried out with the objective of quantifying the limits of pb and cd loading in soil for the purpose of preventing food chain contamination beyond background concentration levels. two separate sets of pot experiment ... | 2010 | 19662502 |
| studies on the movements of ionic selectivity, compatible solutes, and intracellular ions caused in the leaves of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) plants cultured in a nutrient solution with seawater. | analyses of ionic selectivity, compatible solutes, and intracellular ions in the leaves of spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) plants cultured in the hoagland's nutrient solution with or.without seawater (40%) were carried out using two cultivars--the helan no.3 (seawater tolerant) and the yuanye (seawater sensitive). when both cultivars were subjected to seawater stress, the leaves of the helan no. 3 spinach preferred potassium (k+), calcium (ca2+), magnesium (mg2+), and sulfate (so4(2-)) over sodiu ... | 2010 | 20942340 |
| interactions between iron and titanium metabolism in spinach: a chlorophyll fluorescence study in hydropony. | one of the elements showing strong beneficial effect on plants at low concentrations and toxic effects at higher concentrations is titanium (ti). we investigated the interconnection between the fe uptake and the ti intoxication in model experiment on fe-deficient spinach (spinacia oleracea) plants to help to elucidate the mechanism of the biological activity of titanium in plants. the two different ti (0 and 20 mg l⁻¹) and two different fe (0 and 1.35 mg l⁻¹) concentrations in hydroponic medium ... | 2010 | 20708819 |
| the effect of arsenic contamination on amino acids metabolism in spinacia oleracea l. | changes of amino acid concentrations (proline, glutamate, asparagine, aspartate, alanine) and glutamate kinase activity (gka) in plants under arsenic chronic stress reported here reveal their role in plant arsenic stress adaptation. results of the pot experiment confirmed the toxic effect of arsenic at tested levels (as1=25 mg as kg(-1) soil, as2=50 mg as kg(-1) soil, as3=75 mg as kg(-1) soil) for spinach. growing available arsenic contents in soil were associated with the strong inhibition of a ... | 2010 | 20655589 |
| evaluation of spinacia oleracea l. leaves mucilage as an innovative suspending agent. | the present study was undertaken to evaluate the mucilage isolated from spinacia oleracea l. leaves, commonly named spinach (family: amaranthaceae) as an innovative suspending agent. zinc oxide suspensions (20% w/v) were prepared using the mucilage of s. oleracea l. leaves as a suspending agent, and it was evaluated for its stability by using parameters like, sedimentation profile, degree of flocculation, and redispersibility. the effect of the tested mucilage on the suspension was compared with ... | 2010 | 22247868 |
| evidence that ph can drive state transitions in isolated thylakoid membranes from spinach. | our observation that the f735/f685 ratio at 77 k increased when the lumenal ph decreased led us to investigate the role of ph in explaining the mechanism of state transitions in spinach (spinacea oleracea l.) thylakoid membranes. as the lumenal ph was changed from ph 7.5 to 5.5, the quantum yield of ps ii decreased, while that of ps i increased. in the presence of an uncoupler, nh(4)cl, which sequesters protons, a reversal of the effects observed at ph 5.5 were noticed. the thylakoid membranes t ... | 2010 | 20480090 |
| visualizing the mobility and distribution of chlorophyll proteins in higher plant thylakoid membranes: effects of photoinhibition and protein phosphorylation. | the diffusion of proteins in chloroplast thylakoid membranes is believed to be important for processes including the photosystem-ii repair cycle and the regulation of light harvesting. however, to date there is very little direct information on the mobility of thylakoid proteins. we have used fluorescence recovery after photobleaching in a laser-scanning confocal microscope to visualize in real time the exchange of chlorophyll proteins between grana in intact spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) and a ... | 2010 | 20230505 |
| functional analysis of b and c class floral organ genes in spinach demonstrates their role in sexual dimorphism. | evolution of unisexual flowers entails one of the most extreme changes in plant development. cultivated spinach, spinacia oleracea l., is uniquely suited for the study of unisexual flower development as it is dioecious and it achieves unisexually by the absence of organ development, rather than by organ abortion or suppression. male staminate flowers lack fourth whorl primordia and female pistillate flowers lack third whorl primordia. based on theoretical considerations, early inflorescence or f ... | 2010 | 20226063 |
| effect of protein modification by malondialdehyde on the interaction between the oxygen-evolving complex 33 kda protein and photosystem ii core proteins. | previously we observed that the oxygen-evolving complex 33 kda protein (oec33) which stabilizes the mn cluster in photosystem ii (psii), was modified with malondialdehyde (mda), an end-product of peroxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the modification increased in heat-stressed plants (yamauchi et al. 2008). in this study, we examined whether the modification of oec33 with mda affects its binding to the psii complex and causes inactivation of the oxygen-evolving complex. purified oec33 and ... | 2010 | 20157726 |
| influences of major nutrient elements on pb accumulation of two crops from a pb-contaminated soil. | to know about the effect of major nutrient elements on various forms of pb and metal extraction, a greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess the effects of various major nutrient elements on pb accumulation in two crops (spinacia oleracea, so and sonchus arvensis, sa) in changchun, china. results indicated that, for so, the pb concentrations in both shoots and roots had no difference with increasing nutrients except for low nutrient treatment (1/2h). for sa, high nutrient treatments (2h and ... | 2010 | 19854574 |
| effects of copper on the photosynthesis of intact chloroplasts: interaction with manganese. | highly purified, intact chloroplasts were prepared from pea (pisum sativum l.) and spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) following an identical procedure, and were used to investigate the cupric cation inhibition on the photosynthetic activity. in both species, copper inhibition showed a similar inhibitor concentration that decreases the enzyme activity by 50% (ic(50) approximately 1.8 microm) and did not depend on the internal or external phosphate (pi) concentration, indicating that copper did not in ... | 2010 | 20051028 |
| a study on the optimal hydraulic loading rate and plant ratios in recirculation aquaponic system. | the growths of the african catfish (clarias gariepinus) and water spinach (ipomoea aquatica) were evaluated in recirculation aquaponic system (ras). fish production performance, plant growth and nutrient removal were measured and their dependence on hydraulic loading rate (hlr) was assessed. fish production did not differ significantly between hydraulic loading rates. in contrast to the fish production, the water spinach yield was significantly higher in the lower hydraulic loading rate. fish pr ... | 2010 | 19819130 |
| measurement of carbon flux through the mep pathway for isoprenoid synthesis by (31)p-nmr spectroscopy after specific inhibition of 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate reductase. effect of light and temperature. | the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (mep) and the mevalonate pathways are the unique synthesis routes for the precursors of all isoprenoids. an original mean to measure the carbon flux through the mep pathway in plants is proposed by using cadmium as a total short-term inhibitor of 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate (mecdp) reductase (gcpe) and measuring the accumulation rate of its substrate mecdp by (31) p-nmr spectroscopy. the mep pathway metabolic flux was determined in spinach (spina ... | 2011 | 21443577 |
| short term physiological implications of nbpt application on the n metabolism of pisum sativum and spinacea oleracea. | the application of urease inhibitors in conjunction with urea fertilizers as a means of reducing n loss due to ammonia volatilization requires an in-depth study of the physiological effects of these inhibitors on plants. the aim of this study was to determine how the urease inhibitor n-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (nbpt) affects n metabolism in pea and spinach. plants were cultivated in pure hydroponic culture with urea as the sole n source. after 2 weeks of growth for pea, and 3 weeks for ... | 2011 | 20932600 |
| isolation of thylakoid membrane complexes from rice by a new double-strips bn/sds-page and bioinformatics prediction of stromal ridge subunits interaction. | thylakoid membrane complexes of rice (oryza sativa l.) play crucial roles in growth and crop production. understanding of protein interactions within the complex would provide new insights into photosynthesis. here, a new "double-strips bn/sds-page" method was employed to separate thylakoid membrane complexes in order to increase the protein abundance on 2d-gels and to facilitate the identification of hydrophobic transmembrane proteins. a total of 58 protein spots could be observed and subunit c ... | 2011 | 21637806 |
| the interrelationship between the lower oxygen limit, chlorophyll fluorescence and the xanthophyll cycle in plants. | the lower oxygen limit (lol) in plants may be identified through the measure of respiratory gases [i.e. the anaerobic compensation point (acp) or the respiratory quotient breakpoint (rqb)], but recent work shows it may also be identified by a sudden rise in dark minimum fluorescence (f(o)). the interrelationship between aerobic respiration and fermentative metabolism, which occur in the mitochondria and cytosol, respectively, and fluorescence, which emanates from the chloroplasts, is not well do ... | 2011 | 21290261 |
| accumulation of heavy metals from contaminated soil to plants and evaluation of soil remediation by vermiculite. | we evaluated the distribution of 15 metal ions, namely al, cd, cu, cr, fe, la, mn, ni, pb, sc, ti, v, y, zn and zr, in the soil of a contaminated site in piedmont (italy). this area was found to be heavily contaminated with cu, cr and ni. the availability of these metal ions was studied using tessier's sequential extraction procedure: the fraction of mobile species, which potentially is the most harmful for the environment, was much higher than that normally present in unpolluted soils. this soi ... | 2011 | 21055788 |
| spectrophotometric determination of fe3+ and pb2+ in real samples after micelle-mediated extraction. | a cloud-point extraction process using micelle of the cationic surfactant ctab to extract fe3+and pb2+ from aqueous solutions was investigated. the method is based on the color reaction of fe3+and pb2+ with bromopyrogallol red at ph 5.0 and micelle-mediated extraction of the complex. the optimal extraction and reaction conditions (e.g., surfactant concentration, reagent concentration and effect of time) were studied and the analytical characteristics of the method (e.g., limit of detection, line ... | 2011 | 24062039 |
| stress response and potential biomarkers in spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) seedlings exposed to soil lead. | oxidative stress and biochemical responses of spinach seedlings to soil pb stress were investigated by pot experiments. the seedlings were exposed to 0-500 mg kg(-1) extraneous pb. after 30 days of germination, production of o(2)(-), hsp 70, hsp 60, superoxide dismutase (sod) activities, carbonyl groups and lipid peroxidation was significantly induced by soil pb. after 50 days, hsp 70 and hsp 60 decreased, and hsp 60 was significantly inhibited at 500 mg kg(-1). the results indicated that pb pro ... | 2011 | 20933285 |
| natural variation of folate content and composition in spinach (spinacia oleracea) germplasm. | breeding to increase folate levels in edible parts of plants, termed folate biofortification, is an economical approach to fight against folate deficiency in humans, especially in the developing world. germplasm with elevated folates are a useful genetic source for both breeding and direct use. spinach is one of the well-know vegetables that contains a relatively high amount of folate. currently, little is known about how much folate, and their composition varies in different spinach accessions. ... | 2011 | 22004472 |
| the need to re-investigate the nature of homoplastic characters: an ontogenetic case study of the 'bracteoles' in atripliceae (chenopodiaceae). | within chenopodioideae, atripliceae have been distinguished by two bracteoles enveloping the female flowers/fruits, whereas in other tribes flowers are described as ebracteolate with persistent perianth. molecular phylogenetic hypotheses suggest 'bracteoles' to be homoplastic. the origin of the bracteoles was explained by successive inflorescence reductions. flower reduction was used to explain sex determination. therefore, floral ontogeny was studied to evaluate the nature of the bracteoles and ... | 2011 | 21852278 |
| combined application of a laser ablation-icp-ms assay for screening and esi-fticr-ms for identification of a cd-binding protein in spinacia oleracea l. after exposure to cd. | we have studied the binding of the toxic element cd to plant proteins and have used for this purpose spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) plants treated with 50 μm cd(ii) as a model system. laser ablation icp-ms has been applied for the screening of cd-binding proteins after separation by native anodal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (an-page) and electroblotting onto membranes. the main cd-carrying protein band was isolated and investigated by nano-electrospray ionization-fourier transform ion cyc ... | 2011 | 21850305 |
| photosynthesis-inhibiting efficiency of 4-chloro-2-(chlorophenylcarbamoyl)phenyl alkylcarbamates. | a series of photosynthetic electron transport (pet) inhibitors from the group of salicylanilide alkylcarbamates was investigated. the compounds were analyzed using rp-hplc to determine lipophilicity, and their pet inhibition was determined in spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) chloroplasts. the site of action of the studied compounds is situated at the donor site of photosystem 2 (ps 2). compounds substituted by chlorine in c'-3 and c'-4 of the aniline ring and the optimal length of the alkyl chain ... | 2011 | 21724391 |
| synthesis and characterization of (z)-5-arylmethylidene-rhodanines with photosynthesis-inhibiting properties. | a series of rhodanine derivatives was prepared. the synthetic approach, analytical and spectroscopic data of all synthesized compounds are presented. lipophilicity of all the discussed rhodanine derivatives was analyzed using the rp-hplc method. the compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit photosynthetic electron transport (pet) in spinach (spinacia oleracea l.) chloroplasts and reduce chlorophyll content in freshwater alga chlorella vulgaris. structure-activity relationships between t ... | 2011 | 21697777 |
| hydrogen sulphide enhances photosynthesis through promoting chloroplast biogenesis, photosynthetic enzyme expression, and thiol redox modification in spinacia oleracea seedlings. | hydrogen sulphide (h(2)s) is emerging as a potential messenger molecule involved in modulation of physiological processes in animals and plants. in this report, the role of h(2)s in modulating photosynthesis of spinacia oleracea seedlings was investigated. the main results are as follows. (i) nahs, a donor of h(2)s, was found to increase the chlorophyll content in leaves. (ii) seedlings treated with different concentrations of nahs for 30 d exhibited a significant increase in seedling growth, so ... | 2011 | 21624977 |
| resource partitioning to male and female flowers of spinacia oleracea l. in relation to whole-plant monocarpic senescence. | male plants of spinach (spinacea oleracea l.) senesce following flowering. it has been suggested that nutrient drain by male flowers is insufficient to trigger senescence. the partitioning of radiolabelled photosynthate between vegetative and reproductive tissue was compared in male (staminate) versus female (pistillate) plants. after the start of flowering staminate plants senesce 3 weeks earlier than pistillate plants. soon after the start of flowering, staminate plants allocated several times ... | 2011 | 21565983 |
| nonphosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase is phosphorylated in wheat endosperm at serine-404 by an snf1-related protein kinase allosterically inhibited by ribose-5-phosphate. | nonphosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (np-ga3pdhase) is a cytosolic unconventional glycolytic enzyme of plant cells regulated by phosphorylation in heterotrophic tissues. after interaction with 14-3-3 proteins, the phosphorylated enzyme becomes less active and more sensitive to regulation by adenylates and inorganic pyrophosphate. here, we acknowledge that in wheat (triticum aestivum), np-ga3pdhase is specifically phosphorylated by the snrk (snf1-related) protein kinase fam ... | 2011 | 21546456 |
| photoprotective energy dissipation involves the reorganization of photosystem ii light-harvesting complexes in the grana membranes of spinach chloroplasts. | plants must regulate their use of absorbed light energy on a minute-by-minute basis to maximize the efficiency of photosynthesis and to protect photosystem ii (psii) reaction centers from photooxidative damage. the regulation of light harvesting involves the photoprotective dissipation of excess absorbed light energy in the light-harvesting antenna complexes (lhcs) as heat. here, we report an investigation into the structural basis of light-harvesting regulation in intact spinach (spinacia olera ... | 2011 | 21498680 |
| cyanidioschyzon merolae ferredoxin: a high resolution crystal structure analysis and its thermal stability. | cyanidioschyzon merolae (cm) is a single-cell red alga that grows under moderately thermophilic (40-50°c), acidic (ph 1-3) conditions. we purified a cm ferredoxin (fd) that was characterized as a plant-type [2fe-2s] fd by physicochemical techniques. x-ray crystallography revealed that the overall three-dimensional structure of cmfd was highly similar to, but slightly different from, the [2fe-2s] fd from spinacia oleracea, whose growth temperature is 15-20°c. therefore, slight structural differen ... | 2011 | 21443874 |
| mapping of the genes for dioecism and monoecism in spinacia oleracea l.: evidence that both genes are closely linked. | spinach is basically a dioecious species, with occasional monoecious plants in some populations. sexual dimorphism in dioecious spinach plants is controlled by an allelic pair termed x and y located on the short arm of the longest chromosome (x = 6). ten aflp markers, closely linked to the x/y locus, were identified using bulked segregant analysis, four of which were revealed to co-segregate with y in the present mapping population. we mapped the aflp markers and two known male-specific dnas to ... | 2011 | 21301852 |
| purification and enzymatic properties of a peroxidase from leaves of phytolacca dioica l. (ombú tree). | a peroxidase (pd-cp; 0.47 mg/100 g leaves) was purified from autumn leaves of phytolacca dioica l. and characterized. pd-cp was obtained by acid precipitation followed by gel-filtration and cation exchange chromatography. amino acid composition and n-terminal sequence of pd-cp up to residue 15 were similar to that of spinacia oleracea (n-terminal pairwise comparison showing four amino acid differences). pd-cp showed a molecular mass of approx. 36 kda by sds-page, ph and temperature optima at 3.0 ... | 2011 | 21266109 |
| ferredoxin:nadp+ oxidoreductase bound to cytochrome b₆f complex is active in plastoquinone reduction: implications for cyclic electron transport. | in this study, we have compared three isolation methods of cytochrome b₆f complex, obtained from spinach (spinacia oleracea), differing in the preservation of the cytochrome b₆f-associated ferredoxin:nadp+ oxidoreductase (fnr). although the complexes isolated by all the methods showed the presence of the fnr peptide(s), when incorporated into liposome membranes, the nadph-pq (plastoquinone) oxidoreductase activity was not detected for the cytochrome b₆f complex isolated with the original method ... | 2011 | 21114674 |
| popeye strikes again: the deep proteome of spinach leaves. | the cytoplasmic proteome of spinach leaves (spinacia oleracea l) has been investigated with the help of commercially available (proteominer) combinatorial peptide ligand libraries and with home-made ligand beads as prepared in our laboratory. the protein capture had been performed at three ph values (4.0, 7.0 and 9.3) and elution performed in 4% boiling sds, 20mm dtt. the total number of unique gene products identified amounts to 322 proteins, of which 114 are in common with the control, untreat ... | 2011 | 21056706 |
| quantitating carbon monoxide production from heme by vascular plant preparations in vitro. | heme in animals is mainly degraded enzymatically, producing a predictable amount of carbon monoxide (co). under some conditions, alternative sources of co production are important, such as lipid peroxidation and photo-oxidation. less is known about co production in plants as a reflection of enzymatic activity or coupled oxidation, but a sensitive assay for co production in plants would be a valuable tool to explore the various sources in plants as the conditions of the reactions and mechanisms a ... | 2011 | 21055958 |
| biochemical and molecular characterization of senescence-related cysteine protease-cystatin complex from spinach leaf. | cysteine proteases (cps) with n-succinyl-leu-tyr-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide (suc-ly-mca) cleavage activity were investigated in green and senescent leaves of spinach. the enzyme activity was separated into two major and several faint minor peaks by hydrophobic chromatography. these peaks were conventionally designated as cp1, cp2 and cp3, according to their order of elution. from the analyses of molecular mass, subunit structure, amino acid sequences and cdna cloning, cp2 was a monomer complex (so ... | 2011 | 21044083 |
| purification and crystallization of the cyanobacterial cytochrome b6f complex. | the cytochrome b6f complex from the filamentous cyanobacteria (mastigocladus laminosus, nostoc sp. pcc 7120) and spinach chloroplasts has been purified as a homo-dimer. electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy showed the monomer to contain eight and nine subunits, respectively, and dimeric masses of 217.1, 214.2, and 286.5 kda for m. laminosus, nostoc, and the complex from spinach. the core subunits containing or interacting with redox-active prosthetic groups are peta (cytochrome f), b (cytoch ... | 2011 | 20960122 |
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene sequences in gram-negative saprophytes on retail organic and nonorganic spinach. | a substantial proportion of infections caused by drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria (gnb) in community and health care settings are recognized to be caused by evolutionarily related gnb strains. their global spread has been suggested to occur due to human activities, such as food trade and travel. these multidrug-resistant gnb pathogens often harbor mobile drug resistance genes that are highly conserved in their sequences. because they appear across different gnb species, these genes may have ... | 2011 | 21216903 |
| the use of bovine serum albumin to improve the rt-qpcr detection of foodborne viruses rinsed from vegetable surfaces. | to demonstrate that produce rinsates used for rt-qpcr detection of foodborne viruses may cause significant pcr inhibition and propose a means to reduce its impact on sensitivity. | 2011 | 21219370 |
| three-dimensional architecture of grana and stroma thylakoids of higher plants as determined by electron tomography. | we have investigated the three-dimensional (3d) architecture of the thylakoid membranes of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), tobacco (nicotiana tabacum), and spinach (spinacia oleracea) with a resolution of approximately 7 nm by electron tomography of high-pressure-frozen/freeze-substituted intact chloroplasts. higher-plant thylakoids are differentiated into two interconnected and functionally distinct domains, the photosystem ii/light-harvesting complex ii-enriched stacked grana thylakoids an ... | 2011 | 21224341 |
| immunostimulatory in vitro and in vivo effects of a water-soluble extract from kale. | the water-soluble fraction of kale (brassica oleracea l. var. acephala dc.) had immunoglobulin (ig) production stimulating activity in human hybridoma hb4c5 cells and human peripheral blood lymphocytes. the biochemical and physical properties of the main active substance in kale were found to be a heat-stable protein with a molecular weight higher than 50 kda. the ig production-stimulating factors were assumed to act on the translational and/or secreting processes of igs. this ig production-stim ... | 2011 | 21228486 |
| structural investigation of psbo from plant and cyanobacterial photosystem ii. | the manganese-stabilizing protein psbo is associated with the luminal side of thylakoids close to the redox-active mn(4)ca cluster at the catalytically active site of photosystem ii (psii). psbo is believed to increase the efficiency of oxygen evolution and to stabilize the mn(4)ca cluster against photoinhibition. using small-angle x-ray scattering, we investigated the low-resolution structure of wild-type spinach psbo and that of chimeric spinach psbo fused with maltose-binding protein. small-a ... | 2011 | 21238459 |
| a new cytochrome p450 belonging to the 107l subfamily is responsible for the efficient hydroxylation of the drug terfenadine by streptomyces platensis. | fexofenadine, an antihistamine drug used in allergic rhinitis treatment, can be produced by oxidative biotransformation of terfenadine by streptomyces platensis, which involves three consecutive oxidation reactions. we report here the purification and identification of the enzyme responsible for the first step, a cytochrome p450 (p450)-dependent monooxygenase. the corresponding p450, designated p450(terf), was found to catalyze the hydroxylation of the t-butyl group of terfenadine and exhibited ... | 2011 | 21241658 |
| development of oscillation method for reducing foodborne pathogens on lettuce and spinach. | in this study, the efficacy of an oscillator for reducing the numbers of foodborne pathogens on lettuce and spinach was tested. a cocktail of three strains each of salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli o157:h7 and listeria monocytogenes cells and of bacillus cereus spores was inoculated onto lettuce and spinach leaves and followed by oscillation at 10 hz and 20 hz for up to 30s. after treatment of inoculated lettuce leaf with an oscillator at 20 hz for 30s, 2.58, 2.82, 2.21 and 2.22 log(10)cf ... | 2011 | 21269718 |
| foodborne gastroenteritis outbreak in an austrian healthcare facility caused by asymptomatic, norovirus-excreting kitchen staff. | an outbreak of norovirus ggii.4 2006b affected an austrian 600-bed healthcare facility from 15 to 27 march 2009. a total of 204 patients, residents and staff fitted the outbreak case definition; 17 (8.3%) were laboratory-confirmed. foodborne origin was suspected in the 114 patient and resident cases with onset 15-18 march. a case-cohort study was performed to test the hypothesis that consumption of dishes offered on 14, 15 and 16 march (risk days) was associated with increased risk of infection. ... | 2011 | 21272956 |
| genome mining in streptomyces. discovery of an unprecedented p450-catalyzed oxidative rearrangement that is the final step in the biosynthesis of pentalenolactone. | the penm and pntm genes from the pentalenolactone biosynthetic gene clusters of streptomyces exfoliatus uc5319 and streptomyces arenae tu¨469 were predicted to encode orthologous cytochrome p450s, cyp161c3 and cyp161c2, responsible for the final step in the biosynthesis of the sesquiterpenoid antibiotic pentalenolactone (1). synthetic genes optimized for expression in escherichia coli were used to obtain recombinant penm and pntm, each carrying an n-terminal his(6)-tag. both proteins showed typi ... | 2011 | 21284395 |
| antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of eleven edible plants. | consumers have become more interested in beneficial effects of vegetables, fruits, and tea to protect their health. | 2011 | 21284538 |
| time-dependent fret with single enzymes: domain motions and catalysis in h(+)-atp synthases. | h(+)-atp synthases are molecular machines which couple transmembrane proton transport with atp synthesis from adp and inorganic phosphate by a rotational mechanism. single-pair fluorescence resonance energy transfer (spfret) in single molecules is a powerful tool to analyse conformational changes. it is used to investigate subunit movements in h(+)-atp synthases from e. coli (ef(0)f(1)) and from spinach chloroplasts (cf(0)f(1)) during catalysis. the enzymes are incorporated into liposome membran ... | 2011 | 21287678 |
| investigating the early stages of photosystem ii assembly in synechocystis sp. pcc 6803: isolation of cp47 and cp43 complexes. | biochemical characterization of intermediates involved in the assembly of the oxygen-evolving photosystem ii (psii) complex is hampered by their low abundance in the membrane. using the cyanobacterium synechocystis sp. pcc 6803, we describe here the isolation of the cp47 and cp43 subunits, which, during biogenesis, attach to a reaction center assembly complex containing d1, d2, and cytochrome b(559), with cp47 binding first. our experimental approach involved a combination of his tagging, the us ... | 2011 | 21339295 |
| cloning, expression and purification of the luminal domain of spinach photosystem 1 subunit psaf functional in binding to plastocyanin and with a disulfide bridge required for folding. | the photosystem 1 subunit psaf is involved in the docking of the electron-donor proteins plastocyanin and cytochrome c6 in eukaryotic photosynthetic organisms. here we report the expression, purification and basic characterization of the luminal domain of spinach psaf, encompassing amino-acid residues 1-79. the recombinant protein was expressed in escherichia coli bl21 (de3) using a pet32 xa/lic thioredoxin fusion system. the thioredoxin fusion protein contained a his6 tag and was removed and se ... | 2011 | 21354471 |
| determination of free inositols and other low molecular weight carbohydrates in vegetables. | different low molecular weight carbohydrates including saccharides, polyalcohols, sugar acids, and glycosides have been identified and quantified in different edible vegetables from asteraceae, amarantaceae, amarylidaceae, brassicaceae, dioscoreaceae, and solanaceae families by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. apart from glucose, fructose, and sucrose, other saccharides such as sedoheptulose in chicory, spinach, cabbage, purple yam, eggplant, radish, and oak leaf lettuce, rutinose in eggpla ... | 2011 | 21366313 |
| changes in spinach phylloepiphytic bacteria communities following minimal processing and refrigerated storage described using pyrosequencing of 16s rrna amplicons. | to investigate the changes in bacterial diversity on fresh spinach phyllosphere associated with storage at refrigeration temperatures. | 2011 | 21371219 |
| prevalence, distribution, and diversity of salmonella enterica in a major produce region of california. | a survey was initiated to determine the prevalence of salmonella enterica in the environment in and around monterey county, ca, a major agriculture region of the united states. trypticase soy broth enrichment cultures of samples of soil/sediment (n = 617), water (n = 252), wildlife (n = 476), cattle feces (n = 795), and preharvest lettuce and spinach (n = 261) tested originally for the presence of pathogenic escherichia coli were kept in frozen storage and later used to test for the presence of ... | 2011 | 21378057 |
| from spinach scare to cancer care. | 2011 | 21383731 | |
| impact of spinach consumption on dna stability in peripheral lymphocytes and on biochemical blood parameters: results of a human intervention trial. | introduction: a controlled intervention trial was conducted to assess the impact of spinach consumption on dna stability in lymphocytes and on health-related biochemical parameters. methods: the participants (n-á=-á8) consumed homogenised spinach (225-ág/day/person) over a period of 16-ádays. dna migration was monitored in single cell gel electrophoresis-comet assays under standard conditions, which reflect single- and double-strand breaks, after treatment of nuclei with lesion-specific enzymes ... | 2011 | 21384253 |
| high and low potential forms of the qa quinone electron acceptor in photosystem ii of thermosynechococcus elongatus and spinach. | the redox potential of q(a) in photosystem ii (psii) from thermosynechococcus elongatus was titrated monitoring chlorophyll fluorescence. a high potential form (e(m)=+60 -¦ 25 mv) was found in the absence of mn(4)ca, the active site for water oxidation. the low potential form (e(m)=-60 -¦ 48 mv), which is difficult to measure in conventional titration experiments, could be "locked in" by cross-linking the active enzyme. this indicates that the presence of mn(4)ca is relayed to the quinone site b ... | 2011 | 21393014 |
| investigating spectrum of biological activity of 4- and 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-n-[2-(arylamino)-1-alkyl-2-oxoethyl]benzamides. | in this study, a series of twenty-two 5-chloro-2-hydroxy-n-[2-(arylamino)-1-alkyl-2-oxoethyl]benzamides and ten 4-chloro-2-hydroxy-n-[2-(arylamino)-1-alkyl-2-oxoethyl]benzamides is described. the compounds were analyzed using rp-hplc to determine lipophilicity. primary in vitro screening of the synthesized compounds was performed against mycobacterial, bacterial and fungal strains. they were also evaluated for their activity related to the inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport (pet) in ... | 2011 | 21403599 |
| the electronic structures of the s(2) states of the oxygen-evolving complexes of photosystem ii in plants and cyanobacteria in the presence and absence of methanol. | the electronic properties of the mn(4)o(x)ca cluster in the s(2) state of the oxygen-evolving complex (oec) were studied using x- and q-band epr and q-band (55)mn-endor using photosystem ii preparations isolated from the thermophilic cyanobacterium t. elongatus and higher plants (spinach). the data presented here show that there is very little difference between the two species. specifically it is shown that: (i) only small changes are seen in the fitted isotropic hyperfine values, suggesting th ... | 2011 | 21406177 |
| dynamics of the antioxidant system during seed osmopriming, post-priming germination, and seedling establishment in spinach (spinacia oleracea). | osmopriming is a pre-sowing treatment that improves seed germination performance and stress tolerance. to understand osmopriming physiology, and its association with post-priming stress tolerance, we investigated the antioxidant system dynamics during three stages: during osmopriming, post-priming germination, and seedling establishment. spinach seeds (spinacia oleracea l. cv. bloomsdale) were primed with -0.6 mpa peg at 15°c for 8 d, and dried at room temperature for 2 d. unprimed and primed ge ... | 2011 | 21421363 |