Publications

facultative methylotrophs from the human oral cavity and methylotrophy in strains of gordonia, leifsonia, and microbacterium.	we show that bacteria with methylotrophic potential are ubiquitous in the human mouth microbiota. numerous strains of actinobacteria (brevibacterium, gordonia, leifsonia, microbacterium, micrococcus, rhodococcus) and proteobacteria (achromobacter, klebsiella, methylobacterium, pseudomonas, ralstonia) were isolated, and one strain of each of the eleven genera was studied in detail. these strains expressed enzymes associated with methylotrophic metabolism (methanol, methylamine, and formate dehydr ...	2011	21374057
probing the enantioselectivity of a diverse group of purified cobalt-centred nitrile hydratases.	in this study a diverse range of purified cobalt containing nitrile hydratases (nhases, ec 4.2.1.84) from rhodopseudomonas palustris haa2 (haa2), rhodopseudomonas palustris cga009 (009), sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 (1021), and nitriliruptor alkaliphilus (iso2), were screened for the first time for their enantioselectivity towards a broad range of chiral nitriles. enantiomeric ratios of >100 were found for the nhases from haa2 and cga009 on 2-phenylpropionitrile. in contrast, the fe-containing nh ...	2011	21380438
biosynthesis of the siderophore rhodochelin requires the coordinated expression of three independent gene clusters in rhodococcus jostii rha1.	in this work we report the isolation, structural characterization, and the genetic analysis of the biosynthetic origin of rhodochelin, a unique mixed-type catecholate-hydroxamate siderophore isolated from rhodococcus jostii rha1. rhodochelin structural elucidation was accomplished via ms(n)- and nmr-analysis and revealed the tetrapeptide to contain an unusual ester bond between an l-+¦-n-formyl-+¦-n-hydroxyornithine moiety and the side chain of a threonine residue. gene deletions within three pu ...	2011	21381663
sonographic characteristics of intraabdominal abscessation and lymphadenopathy attributable to rhodococcus equi infections in foals.	the sonographic characteristics of intraabdominal abscesses in 11 foals and intraabdominal lymphadenitis in five foals with rhodococcus equi infections are presented. intraabdominal abscesses were usually present in the ventral abdomen adjacent to the ventral body wall, well-marginated, and contained a mixed or complex echo pattern. lymphadenitis appeared as singular or multiple clusters of lymph nodes of mixed echogenicity adjacent to any portion of the gastrointestinal tract or body wall. sono ...	2011	21382118
effect of propionibacterium acnes-containing immunostimulant on interferon-gamma (ifn+¦) production in the neonatal foal.	production of the th1 cytokine interferon gamma (ifn+¦) is associated with resistance to intracellular pathogens, including rhodococcus equi. while neonatal foals are initially deficient in ifn+¦ production, expression of this cytokine increases throughout their first year of life. this is presumably the result of stimulation by environmental antigens including pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps) signaling through toll-like receptors (tlr). this increased expression of ifn+¦ is likewi ...	2011	21382640
nitric oxide-mediated intracellular growth restriction of pathogenic rhodococcus equi can be prevented by iron.	rhodococcus equi is an intracellular pathogen which causes pneumonia in young horses and in immunocompromised humans. r. equi arrests phagosome maturation in macrophages at a prephagolysosome stage and grows inside a privileged compartment. here, we show that, in murine macrophages activated with gamma interferon and lipopolysaccharide, r. equi does not multiply but stays viable for at least 24 h. whereas infection control of other intracellular pathogens by activated macrophages is executed by ...	2011	21383050
crystallization and crystallographic analysis of the rhodococcus rhodochrous ncimb 13064 dhaa mutant dhaa31 and its complex with 1,2,3-trichloropropane.	haloalkane dehalogenases hydrolyze carbon-halogen bonds in a wide range of halogenated aliphatic compounds. the potential use of haloalkane dehalogenases in bioremediation applications has stimulated intensive investigation of these enzymes and their engineering. the mutant dhaa31 was constructed to degrade the anthropogenic compound 1,2,3-trichloropropane (tcp) using a new-ástrategy. this strategy enhances activity towards tcp by decreasing the accessibility of the active site to water molecule ...	2011	21393851
horizontal gene transfer (hgt) as a mechanism of disseminating rdx-degrading activity among actinomycete bacteria.	hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5,-triazine (rdx) is a cyclic nitramine explosive that is a major component in many high-explosive formulations and has been found as a contaminant of soil and groundwater. the rdx-degrading gene locus xplab, located on pgkt2 in gordonia sp. ktr9, is highly conserved among isolates from disparate geographical locations suggesting a horizontal gene transfer (hgt) event. it was our goal to determine whether gordonia sp. ktr9 is capable of transferring pgkt2 and the ass ...	2011	21395947
identification and characterization of another 4-nitrophenol degradation gene cluster, nps, in rhodococcus sp. strain pn1.	4-nitrophenol (4-np) is a toxic compound formed in soil by the hydrolysis of organophosphorous pesticides, such as parathion. we previously reported the presence of the 4-np degradation gene cluster (nphra1a2) in rhodococcus sp. strain pn1, which encodes a two-component 4-np hydroxylase system that oxidizes 4-np into 4-nitrocatechol. in the current study, another gene cluster (npsc and npsra2a1b) encoding a similar 4-np hydroxylase system was cloned from strain pn1. the enzymes from this 4-np hy ...	2011	21396889
identification of novel potential antibiotics for tuberculosis by in silico structure-based drug screening.	the enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) is a key enzyme of the type ii fatty acid synthesis system. it is involved in the production of mycolic acid and is a known target for isoniazid, an effective antibiotic for tuberculosis treatment. the increasing prevalence of tuberculosis in many areas of the world, which is associated with the rise of drug-resistant mtb strains, presents a major global health threat. in this study, we attempted to identify novel antib ...	2011	21397998
production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) from plant oil by engineered ralstonia eutropha strains.	the polyhydroxyalkanoate (pha) copolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [p(hb-co-hhx)] has been shown to have potential to serve as a commercial bioplastic. synthesis of p(hb-co-hhx) from plant oil has been demonstrated with recombinant ralstonia eutropha strains expressing heterologous pha synthases capable of incorporating hb and hhx into the polymer. with these strains, however, short-chain-length fatty acids had to be included in the medium to generate pha with high hhx conten ...	2011	21398488
preliminary report on a catalyst derived from induced cells of rhodococcus rhodochrous strain dap 96253 that delays the ripening of selected climacteric fruit: bananas, avocados, and peaches.	despite the use of refrigeration, improved packaging, adsorbents, and ethylene receptor blockers, on average, nearly 40% of all fruits and vegetables harvested in the us are not consumed. many plant products, especially fruit, continue to ripen after harvesting, and as they do so, become increasingly susceptible to mechanical injury, resulting in increased rot. other plant products during transportation and storage are susceptible to chill injury (ci). there is a real need for products that can ...	2011	21409422
application of a continuously stirred tank bioreactor (cstr) for bioremediation of hydrocarbon-rich industrial wastewater effluents.	a continuously stirred tank bioreactor (cstr) was used to optimize feasible and reliable bioprocess system in order to treat hydrocarbon-rich industrial wastewaters. a successful bioremediation was developed by an efficient acclimatized microbial consortium. after an experimental period of 225 days, the process was shown to be highly efficient in decontaminating the wastewater. the performance of the bioaugmented reactor was demonstrated by the reduction of cod rates up to 95%. the residual tota ...	2011	21419572
novel bacterial strains for the removal of microcystins from drinking water.	microcystins (mc) and nodularin (nod) are common contaminants of drinking water around the world and due to their significant health impact it is important to explore suitable approaches for their removal. unfortunately, these toxins are not always removed by conventional water treatments. one of the most exciting areas that hold promise for a successful and cost effective solution is bioremediation of microcystins. recent work resulted in successful isolation and characterisation of 10 novel ba ...	2011	21436548
plasma pharmacokinetics, pulmonary distribution, and in vitro activity of gamithromycin in foals.	berghaus, l. j., giguère, s., sturgill, t. l., bade, d., malinski, t. j., huang, r. plasma pharmacokinetics, pulmonary distribution, and in vitro activity of gamithromycin in foals. j. vet. pharmacol. therap. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2011.01292.x. the objectives of this study were to determine the plasma and pulmonary disposition of gamithromycin in foals and to investigate the in vitro activity of the drug against streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (s. zooepidemicus) and rhodococcus equi. ...	2011	21443748
pivalic acid acts as a starter unit in a fatty acid and antibiotic biosynthetic pathway in alicyclobacillus, rhodococcus and streptomyces.	a biosynthetic pathway using pivalic acid as a starter unit was found in three bacterial species, alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, rhodococcus erythropolis and streptomyces avermitilis. when deuterium-labelled pivalic acid was added to a. acidoterrestris and r. erythropolis nutrient media it was incorporated into fatty acids to give rise to tert-butyl fatty acids (t-fas). in addition, in r. erythropolis, pivalic acid was transformed into two starter units, i.e. isobutyric and 2-methylbutyric ac ...	2011	21450004
bacterial and plant signal integration via d3-type cyclins enhances symptom development in the arabidopsis-rhodococcus fascians interaction.	the phytopathogenic actinomycete rhodococcus fascians drives its host to form a nutrient-rich niche by secreting a mixture of cytokinins that triggers plant cell division and shoot formation. the discrepancy between the relatively low amount of secreted cytokinins and the severe impact of r. fascians infection on plant development has puzzled researchers for a long time. polyamine and transcript profiling of wild-type and cytokinin receptor mutant plants revealed that the bacterial cytokinins di ...	2011	21459976
maternal immunization with actinomycetales immunomodulators reduces parasitemias in offspring challenged with trypanosoma cruzi.	this article describes the first use of heat-killed, borate-buffered preparations of aerobic actinomycetales to immunize pregnant animals in order to determine the effect on their pregnancy and fertility and the survival coefficients of their offspring. pregnant rats received three injections of gordonia bronchialis, rhodococcus coprophylus or physiological saline and a proportion of their offspring were challenged with live trypanosoma cruzi at the time of weaning. levels of parasitemia and, in ...	2011	21463197
identification and characterization of uptake systems for glucose and fructose in rhodococcus jostii rha1.	rhodococcusjostii rha1 takes up and utilizes glucose and fructose as its sole carbon source. to address glucose and fructose transport systems in rha1, an in silico analysis was performed. blast searches revealed that the ro02365 and ro06844 genes share 51 and 47% amino acid identity, respectively, with the major facilitator superfamily (mfs) glucose transporter, glcp, of streptomycescoelicolor a3(2) and the ro01549-01552 and ro06781-06785 loci share 43-51% amino acid identity with proteins of t ...	2011	21464575
multidrug resistance in hydrocarbon-tolerant gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.	new gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria were isolated from poeni oily sludge, using enrichment procedures. the six gram-positive strains belong to bacillus, lysinibacillus and rhodococcus genera. the eight gram-negative strains belong to shewanella, aeromonas, pseudomonas and klebsiella genera. isolated bacterial strains were tolerant to saturated (i.e., n-hexane, n-heptane, n-decane, n-pentadecane, n-hexadecane, cyclohexane), monoaromatic (i.e., benzene, toluene, styrene, xylene isomers, e ...	2011	21478643
early development of cytotoxic t lymphocytes in neonatal foals following oral inoculation with rhodococcus equi.	rhodococcus equi is an important respiratory pathogen of young foals for which a vaccine has long been sought. two major impediments to effective vaccination are the functionally immature type i immune responses of neonatal foals and early exposure to the bacterium via the environment. despite these obstacles, it appears that under specific circumstances foals can develop a protective immune response. in this study we investigated the protective mechanisms behind oral inoculation of foals with v ...	2011	21481947
structure-based redesign of cofactor binding in putrescine oxidase.	putrescine oxidase (puo) from rhodococcus erythropolis is a soluble homodimeric flavoprotein, which oxidizes small aliphatic diamines. in this study, we report the crystal structures and cofactor binding properties of wild-type and mutant enzymes. from a structural viewpoint, puo closely resembles the sequence-related human monoamine oxidases a and b. this similarity is striking in the flavin-binding site even if puo does not covalently bind the cofactor as do the monoamine oxidases. a remarkabl ...	2011	21486042
pulmonary rhodococcosis in a cat.	feline rhodococcus equi infection is rare, despite the bacteria is widespread in the environment. r equi infection is typically observed in equine species but the infection has also been reported in dogs, cats and other domestic animals. there are a few reports regarding pulmonary r equi infection in cats and the disease appears to be limited to the skin and the subcutaneous tissue. this report describes the pathological, microbiological and the virulence features associated with an acute necros ...	2011	21273105
homologous gene clusters of nicotine catabolism, including a new ?-amidase for a-ketoglutaramate, in species of three genera of gram-positive bacteria.	gram-positive soil bacteria arthrobacter nicotinovorans, nocardioides sp. js614 and rhodococcus opacus were shown to contain similarly organized clusters of homologous genes for nicotine catabolism. an uncharacterized gene of a predicted nitrilase within these gene clusters was cloned from a. nicotinovorans and biochemical data unexpectedly showed that the protein exhibited ?-amidase activity toward a-ketoglutaramate. structural modelling of the protein suggested the presence of the catalytic tr ...	2011	21288482
gamma-caprolactone stimulates growth of quorum-quenching rhodococcus populations in a large-scale hydroponic system for culturing solanum tuberosum.	bacteria degrading quorum sensing (qs) signals have been proposed as biocontrol agents able to quench qs-dependent expression of virulence symptoms caused by pectobacterium on potato plants. we report here that gamma-caprolactone (gcl) treatment stimulated growth of the native qs-degrading bacterial community in an industrial plant hydroponic system for culturing solanum tuberosum. post-gcl treatment, qs-degrading bacteria were mainly identified as rhodococcus isolates, while agrobacterium isola ...	2011	21288487
substrate specificity of haloalkane dehalogenases.	an enzyme's substrate specificity is one of its most important characteristics. the quantitative comparison of broad-specificity enzymes requires the selection of a homogenous set of substrates for experimental testing, determination of substrate-specificity data and analysis using multivariate statistics. we describe a systematic analysis of the substrate specificities of nine wild-type and four engineered haloalkane dehalogenases. the enzymes were characterized experimentally using a set of 30 ...	2011	21294712
isolation and characterization of rhodococcus sp. nb5 capable of degrading a high concentration of nitrobenzene.	an efficient nitrobenzene degrading bacterium strain nb5, which was able to utilize nitrobenzene as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy under aerobic condition, was isolated from activated sludge in an oil refinery at hangzhou, china. based on phenotypic features, 16s rdna gene sequencing and g + c content analysis, strain nb5 was identified as rhodococcus sp. nb5. nitrobenzene degradation experiments using high performance liquid chromatograph (hplc) showed that strain nb5 could tolera ...	2011	21298674
crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of the wild-type haloalkane dehalogenase dhaa and its variant dhaa13 complexed with different ligands.	haloalkane dehalogenases make up an important class of hydrolytic enzymes which catalyse the cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds in halogenated aliphatic compounds. there is growing interest in these enzymes owing to their potential use in environmental and industrial applications. the haloalkane dehalogenase dhaa from rhodococcus rhodochrous ncimb 13064 can slowly detoxify the industrial pollutant 1,2,3-trichloropropane (tcp). structural analysis of this enzyme complexed with target ligands was co ...	2011	21301099
bioconversion of acrylonitrile to acrylic acid by rhodococcus ruber strain aksh-84.	a new versatile acrylonitrile-bioconverting strain isolated from a petroleum-contaminated sludge sample and identified as rhodococcus ruber aksh-84 was used for optimization of medium and biotransformation conditions for nitrilase activity to produce acrylic acid. a simple and rapid hplc protocol was optimized for quantification of acrylic acid, acrylamide, and acrylonitrile. the optimal medium conditions for nitrilase activity were ph of 7.0, temperature of 30degreesc, agitation of 150 rpm, and ...	2011	21301190
bacteremia due to rhodococcus equi in an immunocompetent infant.	rhodococcus equi , previously known as corynebacterium equi, is one of the most important causes of zoonotic infection in grazing animals. increased cases of human infection with r. equi have been reported especially in immunocompromised patients. infection in immunocompetent patients is extremely rare. we report a case of r. equi bacteremia in a 26-day-old immunocompetent infant with recurrent swellings on different parts of the body. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first ever report ...	2011	21304200
immunohistochemical and taqman real-time pcr detection of mycobacterial infections in fish.	real-time pcr and immunohistochemistry (ihc) assays were developed to detect fish mycobacterial infections at the genus level, based on the rna polymerase ß subunit (rpob) gene and polyclonal anti-mycobacterium rabbit serum, respectively. the pcr assay positively identified a number of pathogenic mycobacteria including mycobacterium abscessus, m. avium ssp. avium, m. bohemicum, m. chelonae ssp. chelonae, m. farcinogenes, m. flavescens, m. fortuitum ssp. fortuitum, m. gastri, m. gordonae, m. immu ...	2011	21306590
development of a strain for efficient degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls by patchwork assembly of degradation pathways.	rhodococcus jostii rha1 accumulates chlorobenzoates (cba) during the degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). cba degradation is considered one of the rate-limiting steps in the complete degradation of pcbs. to reduce the accumulation of cbas, the upper pathway enzyme genes for pcb degradation of rha1 were introduced into a cba-degrading bacterium, burkholderia sp. nk8. the resulting recombinant strain exhibited no biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase (bpha) activity encoded by bphaaabacad genes, wh ...	2011	21310654
comparative analysis of tertiary alcohol esterase activity in bacterial strains isolated from enrichment cultures and from screening strain libraries.	the preparation of enantiopure tertiary alcohols is of great contemporary interest due to the application of these versatile building blocks in organic synthesis and as precursors towards high value pharmaceutical compounds. herein, we describe two approaches taken towards the discovery of novel biocatalysts for the synthesis of these valuable compounds. the first approach was initiated with screening of 47 bacterial strains for hydrolytic activity towards the simple tertiary alcohol ester tert- ...	2011	21318363
chromosome diversity and similarity within the actinomycetales.	many chromosomes from actinomycetales, an order within the actinobacteria, have been sequenced over the last 10 years and the pace is increasing. this group of gram-positive and high g+c% bacteria is economically and medically important. however, this group of organisms also is just about the only order in the kingdom bacteria to have a relatively high proportion of linear chromosomes. chromosome topology varies within the order according to the genera. streptomyces, kitasatospora and rhodococcu ...	2011	21320158
isolation and characterization of rdx-degrading rhodococcus species from a contaminated aquifer.	groundwater contamination by the explosive hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (rdx) is a global problem. israel's coastal aquifer was contaminated with rdx. this aquifer is mostly aerobic and we therefore sought aerobic bacteria that might be involved in natural attenuation of the compound in the aquifer. rdx-degrading bacteria were captured by passively sampling the indigenous bacteria onto sterile sediments placed within sampling boreholes. aerobic rdx biodegradation potential was detecte ...	2011	21327803
a highly efficient adh-coupled nadh-recycling system for the asymmetric bioreduction of carbon-carbon double bonds using enoate reductases.	the asymmetric bioreduction of activated alkenes catalyzed by flavin-dependent enoate reductases from the oye-family represents a powerful method for the production of optically active compounds. for its preparative-scale application, efficient and economic nadh-recycling is crucial. a novel enzyme-coupled nadh-recycling system is proposed based on the concurrent oxidation of a sacrificial sec-alcohol catalyzed by an alcohol dehydrogenase (adh-a). due to the highly favorable position of the equi ...	2011	21328323
virulence quenching with a prenylated isoflavanone renders the malagasy legume dalbergia pervillei resistant to rhodococcus fascians.	the phytopathogenic actinomycete rhodococcus fascians induces leafy galls on a wide range of hosts, causing major economical losses in the ornamentals industry. although differences in the responsivity occur within species, no plant tested so far could be considered resistant to r. fascians strain d188 infection. here, we observed that members of the genus dalbergia, which belong to the fabaceae, did not develop leafy galls when challenged with r. fascians and we set out to unravel the mechanism ...	2011	21332623
glucose-mediated transcriptional repression of pcb/biphenyl catabolic genes in rhodococcus jostii rha1.	rhodococcus jostii rha1, a gram-positive polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb) degrader, exhibited biphasic growth in a medium containing biphenyl (bph) and glucose (glc), with consumption of glc and low 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase activity in the first growth stage. these results suggested the repression of bph metabolism in the presence of glc, in which rha1 preferentially utilized glc in the first growth stage and bph in the second stage. a reporter assay using a transcriptional fusion of ...	2011	21335979
effects of location for collection of air samples on a farm and time of day of sample collection on airborne concentrations of virulent rhodococcus equi at two horse breeding farms.	to determine whether airborne concentrations of virulent rhodococcus equi at 2 horse breeding farms varied on the basis of location, time of day, and month.	2011	21194338
gene expression analysis of methylotrophic oxidoreductases involved in the oligotrophic growth of rhodococcus erythropolis n9t-4.	rhodococcus erythropolis n9t-4 shows extremely oligotrophic growth requiring atmospheric co₂ without any additional carbon or energy source. we performed a gene expression analysis of the oxidoreductases, which are involved in methanol metabolism, under various growth and induction conditions in n9t-4. a real-time pcr analysis revealed that the genes encoding nad-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase (nfadh) and n,n'-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline-dependent methanol dehydrogenase (mdh) were strongly e ...	2011	21228466
expression in escherichia coli of biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase genes from a gram-positive polychlorinated biphenyl degrader, rhodococcus jostii rha1.	rhodococcus jostii rha1 is a polychlorinated biphenyl degrader. multi-component biphenyl 2,3-dioxygenase (bpha) genes of rha1 encode large and small subunits of oxygenase component and ferredoxin and reductase components. they did not express enzyme activity in escherichia coli. to obtain bpha activity in e. coli, hybrid bpha gene derivatives were constructed by replacing ferredoxin and/or reductase component genes of rha1 with those of pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes kf707. the results obtained i ...	2011	21228494
permeabilization induced by lipid ii-targeting lantibiotic nisin and its effect on the bioconversion of vitamin d3 to 25-hydroxyvitamin d3 by rhodococcus erythropolis.	vitamin d3 (vd3) is a fat-soluble prohormone in mammals. vd3 is inert and must be activated by hydroxylation at the c-25 and c-1α positions to exert its biological activity. we recently accomplished the bioconversion of vd3 to 25(oh)vd3 with a recombinant strain of rhodococcus erythropolis and found that the permeability of vd3 into the cytoplasm may be the rate-limiting step of 25(oh)vd3 production (sallam et al., 2010). when the cells were treated with the lipid ii-targeting lantibiotic nisin, ...	2011	21237135
immunocytochemical detection of rhodococcus equi in tracheal washes of foals.	the aim of the present study was to develop an immunocytochemical procedure for the early detection and demonstration of rhodococcus equi in smears of tracheal aspirates taken from live foals in field conditions. tracheal wash samples were collected from thoroughbred foals, aged 1-5 months and located in studs around bursa and istanbul, turkey. some foals were suspected of having r. equi infection on the basis of clinical examination (n=56) and others were unaffected control animals (n=54). seru ...	2011	21238974
improved identification of gordonia, rhodococcus and tsukamurella species by 5'-end 16s rrna gene sequencing.	the identification of fastidious aerobic actinomycetes such as gordonia, rhodococcus, and tsukamurella has remained a challenge leading to clinically significant misclassifications. this study is intended to examine the feasibility of partial 5'-end 16s rrna gene sequencing for the identification of gordonia, rhodococcus, and tsukamurella, and defined potential reference sequences for species from each of these genera.	2011	21240067
thoracic emphysematous lymphadenitis in a foal.	emphysema of lymph nodes is a rare finding that has been described in different anatomical locations and related to specific diseases in different animal species. herein is described a foal with rhodococcus equi infection that presented with emphysema and granulomatous inflammation of the bronchial and mediastinal lymph nodes. this is the first report of emphysematous lymphadenitis in a horse.	2011	21251670
effects of inactivated parapoxvirus ovis on the cumulative incidence of pneumonia and cytokine secretion in foals on a farm with endemic infections caused by rhodococcus equi.	the objectives of the present study were to determine if administration of inactivated parapoxvirus ovis (ippvo) can decrease the cumulative incidence of pneumonia and increase the number of ifn-?- and il-4-secreting cells among foals. fifty-nine foals were randomly assigned to 2 treatment groups (ippvo or placebo) prior to birth. at 24-48 h of age, foals received 2 ml of either ippvo or a placebo by intramuscular injection. injections were repeated 24h and 8 days later. the number of ifn-?- and ...	2011	21255847
acquired antimicrobial resistance in equine rhodococcus equi isolates.		2011	21257598
comparison of the clinical, microbiological, radiological and haematological features of foals with pneumonia caused by rhodococcus equi and other bacteria.	the purpose of this study was to compare the clinical, microbiological, radiological, haematological and cytological features of foals with pneumonia caused by rhodococcus equi infection and with other bacteria, in order to provide markers for early diagnosis and treatment. a retrospective study of 113 cases of bacterial pneumonia was undertaken. although there was considerable overlap in the affected populations, foals with r. equi pneumonia were significantly younger and had higher respiratory ...	2011	19932977
identification of bacterial microflora in the midgut of the larvae and adult of wild caught anopheles stephensi: a step toward finding suitable paratransgenesis candidates.	to describe the midgut microbial diversity and to find the candidate bacteria for the genetic manipulation for the generation of paratransgenic anopheline mosquitoes refractory to transmission of malaria, the microbiota of wild larvae and adult anopheles stephensi mosquito midgut from southern iran was studied using a conventional cell-free culture technique and analysis of a 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene sequence library. forty species in 12 genera including seven gram-negative myroides, chryse ...	2012	22074685
Vanillin Catabolism in Rhodococcus jostii RHA1.	Genes encoding vanillin dehydrogenase (vdh) and vanillate O-demethylase (vanAB) were identified in Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 using gene disruption and enzyme activities. During growth on vanillin or vanillate, vanA was highly upregulated while vdh was not. This study contributes to our understanding of lignin degradation by RHA1 and other actinomycetes.	2012	22057861
the potential of epiphytic hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria on legume leaves for attenuation of atmospheric hydrocarbon pollutants.	the leaves of two legumes, peas and beans, harbored on their surfaces up to 9×10⁷ cells g⁻¹ of oil-utilizing bacteria. less numbers, up to 5×10⁵ cells g⁻¹ inhabited leaves of two nonlegume crops, namely tomato and sunflower. older leaves accommodated more of such bacteria than younger ones. plants raised in oily environments were colonized by much more oil-utilizing bacteria than those raised in pristine (oil-free) environments. similar numbers were counted on the same media in which nitrogen sa ...	2012	22054577
aerobic degradation of tetrabromobisphenol-a by microbes in river sediment.	this study investigated the aerobic degradation of tetrabromobisphenol-a (tbbpa) and changes in the microbial community in river sediment from southern taiwan. aerobic degradation rate constants (k(1)) and half-lives (t(1/2)) for tbbpa (50μgg(-1)) ranged from 0.053 to 0.077d(-1) and 9.0 to 13.1d, respectively. the degradation of tbbpa (50μgg(-1)) was enhanced by adding yeast extract (5mgl(-1)), sodium chloride (10ppt), cellulose (0.96mgl(-1)), humic acid (0.5gl(-1)), brij 30 (55μm), brij 35 (91μ ...	2012	22245059
Isolation and characterization of crude-oil-degrading bacteria from the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea.	Twenty-five crude-oil-degrading bacteria were isolated from oil-contaminated sites in the Persian Gulf and the Caspian Sea. Based on a high growth rate on crude oil and on hydrocarbon degradation ability, 11 strains were selected from the 25 isolated strains for further study. Determination of the nucleotide sequence of the 16S rRNA gene showed that these isolated strains belonged to genera Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Gordonia, Rhodococcus, Cobetia, Halomonas, Alcanivorax, Marinobacter and Micro ...	2012	22130193
structural features in the ksha terminal oxygenase protein that determine substrate preference of 3-ketosteroid 9α-hydroxylase enzymes.	rieske nonheme monooxygenase 3-ketosteroid 9α-hydroxylase (ksh) enzymes play a central role in bacterial steroid catabolism. ksh is a two-component iron-sulfur-containing enzyme, with ksha representing the terminal oxygenase component and kshb the reductase component. we previously reported that the ksha1 and ksha5 homologues of rhodococcus rhodochrous dsm43269 have clearly different substrate preferences. ksha protein sequence alignments and three-dimensional crystal structure information for k ...	2012	22020644
use of mycelia as paths for the isolation of contaminant-degrading bacteria from soil.	mycelia of fungi and soil oomycetes have recently been found to act as effective paths boosting bacterial mobility and bioaccessibility of contaminants in vadose environments. in this study, we demonstrate that mycelia can be used for targeted separation and isolation of contaminant-degrading bacteria from soil. in a 'proof of concept' study we developed a novel approach to isolate bacteria from contaminated soil using mycelia of the soil oomycete pythium ultimum as translocation networks for ba ...	2012	22014110
influence of humic acid on the transport behavior of bacteria in quartz sand.	the significance of natural organic matter (nom) on the transport of bacteria in packed porous media (quartz sand) was examined in both nacl and cacl(2)-nacl mixing solutions at ph 6.0. three representative cell types (with eps), rhodococcus sp. ql2 (gram-positive, non-motile), escherichia coli bl21 (gram-negative, non-motile), and e. coli c3000 (gram-negative, motile), were utilized to systematically determine the influence of nom (suwannee river humic acid (srha)) on cell transport behavior. t ...	2012	22118889
Isolation of bacteria capable of growth with 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin as the sole carbon and energy sources.	Using a relatively simple enrichment technique, geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB)-biodegrading bacteria were isolated from a digestion basin in an aquaculture unit. Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences affiliated one of the three isolates with the Gram-positive genus Rhodococcus, while the other two isolates were found to be closely related to the Gram-negative family Comamonadaceae (Variovorax and Comamonas). Growth rates and geosmin and MIB removal rates by the isolates were determined und ...	2012	22081577
High-sensitivity stable-isotope probing by a quantitative terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism protocol.	Stable-isotope probing (SIP) has proved a valuable cultivation-independent tool for linking specific microbial populations to selected functions in various natural and engineered systems. However, application of SIP to microbial populations with relatively minor buoyant density increases, such as populations that utilize compounds as a nitrogen source, results in reduced resolution of labeled populations. We therefore developed a tandem quantitative PCR (qPCR)-TRFLP (terminal restriction fragmen ...	2012	22038597
small but sufficient: the rhodococcus phage rrh1 has the smallest known siphoviridae genome at 14.2 kilobases.	bacteriophages are considered to be the most abundant biological entities on the planet. the siphoviridae are the most commonly encountered tailed phages and contain double-stranded dna with an average genome size of ∼50 kb. this paper describes the isolation from four different activated sludge plants of the phage rrh1, which is polyvalent, lysing five rhodococcus species. it has a capsid diameter of only ∼43 nm. whole-genome sequencing of rrh1 revealed a novel circularly permuted dna sequence ...	2012	22013058
efficient biostimulation of native and introduced quorum-quenching rhodococcus erythropolis populations is revealed by a combination of analytical chemistry, microbiology, and pyrosequencing.	degradation of the quorum-sensing (qs) signals known as n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahl) by soil bacteria may be useful as a beneficial trait for protecting crops, such as potato plants, against the worldwide pathogen pectobacterium. in this work, analytical chemistry and microbial and molecular approaches were combined to explore and compare biostimulation of native and introduced ahl-degrading rhodococcus erythropolis populations in the rhizosphere of potato plants cultivated in farm greenhouse ...	2012	22081576
characterization of gordonia sp. strain cc-naph129-6 capable of naphthalene degradation.	a naphthalene-degrading isolate able to utilize naphthalene as a sole carbon source was identified as gordonia sp. cc-naph129-6. here a detail characterization of the naphthalene catabolic genes present in this strain was conducted. in nar region four structural genes (naraa, narab, narb, narc), two regulatory genes (narr1, narr2), a rubredoxin encoding gene (rub1) and a gene (orf7) with unknown function were obtained. when compared with most of the members within naphthalene-degrading rhodococc ...	2012	22240034
in vitro potential of equine defa1 and ecath1 as alternative antimicrobial drugs in rhodococcosis treatment.	rhodococcus equi, the causal agent of rhodococcosis, is a severe pathogen of foals but also of immunodeficient humans causing bronchopneumonia. the pathogen is often found together with klebsiella pneumoniae or streptococcus zooepidemicus in foals. of great concern is the fact that some r. equi strains are already resistant to commonly used antibiotics. in the present study, we evaluated the in vitro potential of two equine antimicrobial peptides (amps), ecath1 and defa1, as new drugs against r. ...	2012	22232283
air sampling in the breathing zone of neonatal foals for prediction of subclinical rhodococcus equi infection.	reasons for performing the study: disease caused by rhodococcus equi is a significant burden to the horse breeding industry worldwide. early detection of rhodococcal pneumonia, albeit important to minimise treatment costs, is difficult because of the insidious nature of the disease and the lack of definitive diagnostic tests. objectives: to investigate air sampling from the breathing zone of neonatal foals as a predictor of subsequent rhodococcal pneumonia. methods: air samples were collected fr ...	2012	22239721