Publications

complementation characteristics of newly isolated mutants from two groups of strains of clostridium perfringens.	1. mutants of a group were converted to b group by a second ng treatment. the resulting b group mutants could not produce the marker products that had been lost on the first ng treatment but could produce the others by complementation. 2. mutants of b group were converted to constitutive mutants by a second ng treatment. no back mutation from b group was observed.	1981	6272688
effect of bile salts on the hydrolysis of gangliosides, glycoproteins and neuraminyl-lactose by the neuraminidase of clostridium perfringens.	studies were done on the effect of bile salts on the rates of hydrolysis of the n-acetylneuraminyl linkages of several sialic acid-containing compounds by the neuraminidase of clostridium perfringens. when gm3-ganglioside, two glycolipids (glycophorin and orosomucoid) and neuraminyl-lactose were used as substrates, hydrolysis was obtained even in the absence of bile salts, but addition of this detergent, below its critical micellar concentration, increased the reaction rates; above the critical ...	1981	6272704
studies on (k+ + h+)-atpase. iv. effects of phospholipase c treatment.	(1) the total phospholipid content of a gradient purified (k+ + h+)-atpase preparation from pig gastric mucosa is 105 mumol per 100 mg protein, and consists of 29% sphingomyelin, 29% phosphatidylcholine, 28% phosphatidylethanolamine, 10% phosphatidylserine and 4% phosphatidylinositol. the cholesterol content corresponds to 50 mumol per 100 mg protein. (2) treatment with phospholipase c (from clostridium welchii and bacillus cereus) results in an immediate decrease of the phosphate content. up to ...	1981	6272855
sequence sensitivity of histone binding.	the nucleotide sequence selectivity of histone binding has been measured by thermal denaturation of reconstituted nucleoproteins. when dnas of different average base compositions competed for the binding of purified histone fractions during in vitro reconstitutions in the presence of salt and urea, a decreasing (a + t)-binding preference was observed following the order h1 greater than h2b greater than h5 greater than h2a greater than [h2a + h2b] greater than [h2a + h2b + h3 + h4], [h1 + (h2a + ...	1981	6272864
[actinomycin d derivatives that recognize 2 dna gc pairs: bis-actinomycin d].		1981	6273089
[1h-nmr spectroscopy--a potent method for the determination of substrate specificity of sialidases (author's transl)].	we describe here the application of 1h-nmr spectroscopy to determine the substrate specificity of sialidases using a 1:1 mixture of neuac alpha 2-3gal beta 1-4glc and neuac alpha 2-6gal beta 1-4glc, one viral and five bacterial sialidases. this method utilizes the separate signals in nmr spectra, characteristic for the different alpha ketosidically linked neuac residues and also for bound and free neuac. the signals generally most suitable for these purposes are those of h3a, h3e and ncoch3. by ...	1981	6273284
bacteriology of acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis of the aged.	bacteriological examination was performed on bile from 23 patients with acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis. of 23 bile cultures, 15 yielded aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and 8 yielded aerobic bacteria only. no specimen grew anaerobic bacteria only. a total of 20 cultures yielded a polymicrobial flora, and 3 cultures grew one single aerobic bacterium. escherichia coli, klebsiella sp., enterococci, bacteroids fragilis, and clostridium perfringens were the predominant bacterial flora in bil ...	1981	6273452
[analysis and improvement of culture processes of pathogenic microorganisms].		1981	6274109
enzymatic hydrolysis of immobilized sphingomyelin by three bacterial phospholipases c.	through hydrophobic interaction, sphingomyelin was adsorbed to agarose beads containing octyl groups by a stepwise dilution procedure. this immobilized lipid was used as a substrate for three bacterial phospholipases c (e.c. 3.1.4.3.). the degradation with time of this substrate showed two different fractions of the substrate according to hydrolysing velocity in the early part of the time-curve when phospholipases c from bacillus cereus and clostridium perfringens were used. the early fractions ...	1981	6274145
enzymatic hydrolysis by bacterial phospolipases c and d of immobilized radioactive sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine.	an assay system for phospholipases c has been described with sphingomyelin immobilized to octyl-sepharose cl-4b as substrate. the immobilization procedure was further developed and used with [14 c-choline]-sphingomyelin and [14c-choline] phosphatidylcholine (lecithin). these immobilized radioactive phospholipids made the enzymatic assays easier to perform and made it possible to increase the sensitivity. furthermore, since release of the choline part instead of the phosphate part of the substrat ...	1981	6274146
[hydrogen and hydroxyl ion regulation of the fatty acid makeup of cl. perfringens type a cells].		1981	6265516
deconjugation of bile salts by bacteroids and clostridium.	deconjugation of bile salts by four strains of bacteroides and four strains of clostridium was studied by use of resting cells and cell-free culture supernatants. bacteroids strains yielded active cells but showed relatively low bile salt hydrolase (bsh) activity in the culture supernatants while the reverse was the case for the spore-forming clostridial strains. bsh was formed constitutively and was oxygen insensitive. the optimum ph was between 4.5 and 5.0. marked substrate specificity was fou ...	1981	6265737
outbreak of illness due to clostridium perfringens--california.		1981	6265752
[a new method for the quantitative determination of anti-phospholipase c].		1981	6265849
temperature mediated variation of dna secondary structure in (a.t) clusters; evidence by use of the oligopeptide netropsin as a structural probe.	the titration viscometric investigation of the multi-mode interaction of netropsin (nt) with (a.t) clusters of nadna12 and nh4dna10 has been extended to different temperatures. the position of two boundaries on the r-scale (r= [nt]bound/[dna-p]) with increasing temperature steadily (ri/ii) or more abruptly (ro/i) shifts to lower values. for the most (a.t) rich nt-binding sites of modes (o), (i) and (ii) this observation suggests the existence of an equilibrium between different dna secondary str ...	1981	6265870
the effect of anaerobic corynebacterial immunostimulants on the primary immune response to tetanus toxoid and perfringens epsilon toxoid. (short communication).		1981	6266236
relationship of sporulation, enterotoxin formation, and spoilage during growth of clostridium perfringens type a in cooked chicken.	sporulation and enterotoxin formation were determined for 17 strains of clostridium perfringens type a in autoclaved chicken dark meat and in duncan-strong sporulation medium. the mean numbers of heat-resistant spores detected after 24 h at 37 degrees c were log10 1.13 to log10 7.64/ml in duncan-strong medium and log10 4.93 to log10 6.59/g in chicken. of 17 strains, 7 formed enterotoxin in duncan-strong culture supernatant (1.0 to 60 microgram/ml) and 8 produced enterotoxin in chicken (0.21 to 2 ...	1981	6266336
neuraminidase activity and cell surface sialic acid turnover in rous sarcoma virus transformed chick embryo fibroblasts.	neuraminidase activity of rous sarcoma virus transformed chick embryo fibroblasts (rsv-cef) was assayed using an exogenous substrate, neuraminlactitol-[3h], and endogenous, cell surface [14c]-n]-acetyl-neuraminic acid. rsv-cef had higher neuraminidase activity toward both substrates than did chick embryo fibroblasts (cef) or nontransformed, rous associated virus infected cef (rav-cef). the total sialic acid content of rsv-cef was lower than cef or rav-cef, and more of the total sialic acid was a ...	1981	6266645
[a cause, sub-estimated in france, of the deadly necrotic enteritis: the enterotoxin of welchia (author's transl)].	the symptoms and the lesions observed in the serious enteritis, often very severe, whose agent is w. perfringens a (and sometimes w. agni c) is an enterotoxin known only since the works of hauschild (1971) and duncan (1972). this enterotoxin is very different from the other toxinic factors of this anaerobic. this new toxin has been studied by foreign people and very little in france. it was isolated, purified and structured: it is a simple protein of pm +/- 34000, erythematous, inducing severe d ...	1981	6267712
extirpation of a nidus of infection with tetanus bacilli by chemosurgery.		1981	6268675
phospholipase c from clostridium perfringens.		1981	6268935
[posttraumatic panophthalmia caused by clostridium perfringens].		1981	6269005
the surgical treatment of enteritis necroticans.	the optimum timing of surgery in acute cases of enteritis necroticans with bowel obstruction has not been established. two similar groups of patients with this condition were sequentially compared to determine if early surgical intervention reduces mortality. in the first group 42 per cent of the 79 patients received medical treatment only and 58 per cent had an operation at a median time of 4 days following the onset of obstruction. in the second group 96 per cent of the 50 patients received su ...	1981	6265021
solubilization of membrane-associated phosphatidylserine synthase from clostridium perfringens.		1981	6265050
equine colitis "x", still an enigma?	colitis "x" is a sporadic diarrheal disease of horses with clinical signs of dehydration, electrolyte imbalances and "shock"-like features. macroscopic and microscopic findings include signs of disseminated intravascular coagulation, necrosis of colonic mucosa and presence of large numbers of bacteria in the devitalized parts of the intestine. recently published work suggests that the causative agent may be clostridium perfringens, type a, but the bacteria are recoverable only in the preliminary ...	1981	6265055
perinatal clostridium perfringens infection.		1981	6265135
human very low density lipoprotein apolipoprotein e isoprotein polymorphism is explained by genetic variation and posttranslational modification.		1981	6260135
purification and characterization of clostridium perfringens delta-toxin.	delta-toxin, an extracellular hemolysin released by clostridium perfringens type c, was purified from culture supernatant fluid by sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation, thiol-sepharose gel chromatography, isoelectric focusing, and sephadex g-75 gel filtration. the purified preparation had a specific activity of 320,000 hemolytic units per mg of protein and was homogeneous, as determined by immunochemical and electrophoretic tests. this toxin was characterized as a single polypeptide chain c ...	1981	6260669
common polysaccharide antigens from the cell envelope of clostridium perfringens type a.	soluble antigens were obtained by extracting five serotype strains of clostridium perfringens type a with water at 100 degrees c. the type-specific polysaccharides were precipitated with ethanol, and the common antigens were recovered from the ethanol supernatants by concentration, dialysis, and lyophilization. refluxing the water-extracted cell residues with 1% acetic acid followed by concentration, dialysis, and lyophilization gave additional common antigen fractions. a comprehensive, side-by- ...	1981	6260671
influence of cations on lysozyme-induced germination of coatless spores of clostridium perfringens 8-6.	bacterial endospore germination is powerfully influenced by inorganic salts, cations having especially important effects. spores of clostridium perfringens 8-6 are unusual in lacking a spore coat; these spores germinate only in the presence of lysozyme, which readily digests the exposed cortex. lysozyme-induced germination showed the same response to ionic strength and valence of cations as does lysozyme hydrolysis of peptidoglycan, and close parallels are evident in the influence of inorganic c ...	1981	6263345
a negative serological relationship between cases of grass sickness in scotland and clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin.	in an attempt to compare the equine grass sickness as reported in europe with that described in the republic of colombia, sera from horses experiencing grass sickness in scotland were used in neutralisation tests with clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin. the sera, from acute and chronic cases of the disease, failed to neutralise either crude or partially-purified enterotoxin. neither were precipitin lines formed when the sera were treated against the toxin in immunoelectrophoresis. these ...	1981	6263613
isolation of a plasmid responsible for caseinase activity in clostridium perfringens atcc 3626b.	clostridium perfringens strain atcc 3626b was cured of caseinase activity at a high frequency after treatment with acriflavine dye (2.5%) or elevated temperature growth (9.1%). caseinase-negative isolates retained the larger (9.4 megadaltons) phb102 cryptic plasmid, but were missing the smaller (2.1 megadaltons) phb101 plasmid present in the caseinase-positive wild-type strain. dye-buoyant density-gradient centrifugation at 4 or 15 degrees c revealed that the phb101 and phb102 plasmids are tempe ...	1981	6263868
highly sensitive assay for clostridium perfringens enterotoxin that uses inhibition of plating efficiency of vero cells grown in culture.	a highly sensitive and reproducible biological assay for clostridium perfringens enterotoxin is described that uses vero (african green monkey kidney) cells grown in tissue cultures. very small doses of the enterotoxin inhibited the plating efficiency of the cells. this inhibition of plating efficiency could be used to detect as little as 0.1 ng (1 ng/ml) of enterotoxin, and a linear dose-response curve was obtained with 0.5 to 5 ng (5 to 50 ng/ml). a nonlinear, but reproducible, curve was obtai ...	1981	6263946
emphysematous cystitis due to clostridium perfringens.		1981	6264173
absorption spectrum of dna for wavelengths greater than 300 nm.		1981	6264537
head-space gas chromatography as a tool in the identification of anaerobic bacteria and diagnosis of anaerobic infections.	the identification of anaerobic bacteria to the species level can be a laborious and time consuming procedure. gas chromatography offers a diagnostic aid, and the advantages of the recently introduced head-space gas chromatography technique are: it is rapid, accurate and easy to perform; it provides more information of differential diagnostic value; and the identification process can be automated by connecting the head-space gas chromatograph to an automatic injection unit and a computer which i ...	1981	6264591
[methods of biologic testing of enterotoxins].		1981	6264715
[isolation of enterotoxigenic strains of cl. perfringens type a and a study of their enterotoxinogenesis].		1981	6264717
susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to nine antimicrobial agents and demonstration of decreased susceptibility of clostridium perfringens to penicillin.	the activity of moxalactam, cefoxitin, cephalothin, cefamandole, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, metronidazole, and ticarcillin was determined against 344 isolates of anaerobic bacteria. the activity of penicillin g was determined as well for 234 isolates not of the bacteroides fragilis group. moxalactam was more active than cephalothin and cefamandole and slightly less active than cefoxitin. metronidazole was the most active antimicrobial agent against the b. fragilis group, whereas chloramphenic ...	1981	6264842
isolation and enumeration of listeria monocytogenes from sewage, sewage sludge and river water.		1981	6262293
an egg-yolk agar diffusion assay for monitoring phospholipase c in cultures of clostridium welchii.		1981	6262294
clostridia sepsis following transperineal needle biopsy of the prostate.		1981	6262540
[dissemination of clostridium perfringens spores in the littoral waters of odessa gulf].		1981	6262607
[detection of clostridium perfringens in the bodies of black sea hydrobionts].		1981	6262608
[emphysematous cholecystitis (author's transl)].	emphysematous cholecystitis is a dangerous form of acute cholecystitis. preoperative early diagnosis can only be made radiologically and is based on the presence of gas in the gallbladder, the gallbladder wall, or in the pericholecystic space. cholelithiasis occurs in only 50% of cases, more often in men, significantly more frequently in diabetics. bacteriologically, organisms of the clostridia group are predominant, but bacteriology is altogether negative in ca. 50% of cases.	1981	6262639
synthesis and use of p-nitrophenyl-2-o-(alpha-l-fucopyranosyl)-beta-d-galactopyranoside for the rapid detection of substrate-specific alpha-l-fucosidases.		1981	6263129
clostridium perfringens: an unusual case of septic arthritis.	anaerobic joint infections may be a more common occurrence than previously reported. a nine-year-old with a septic knee due to clostridium perfringens following a puncture wound was seen in the emergency department. diagnosis was established by isolating the organism from an anaerobic synovial fluid culture. the patient was treated successfully with open drainage and parenteral penicillin. this case illustrates the necessity for specifically requesting anaerobic cultures on synovial fluid of pat ...	1981	6263135
[spontaneous peritonitis due to clostridium perfringens in three patients with cirrhosis (author's transl)].	three cases of spontaneous peritonitis due to clostridium perfringens in cirrhotic patients with a fatal outcome are reported. the diagnosis was made clinically in two patients and by post-mortem examination in the third. one patient had elevated values of serum alpha-fetoprotein. these cases are compared with three other reported cases in the literature. blood cultures were negative in the three patients, a fact that lends support to the theory of transmural migration of bacteria. in the author ...	1981	6261049
considerations on the value of freeze-etching technique in studying the ultrastructure of some anaerobic bacteria.	samples from periodic cultures of clostridium perfringens, clostridium oedematiens, clostridium tetani and bifidobacterium bifidum grown in liquid nutrient media were studied after freeze-fracturing and etching without pretreatment by means of chemical agents including cryo-protectants. subunits in the cell all of cl. tetani and differences in the distribution of globular particles in the plasma membrane of the investigated bacteria are revealed.	1981	6261293
some aspects of microbial contamination of hands of workers in food industries.	with regard to food hygiene, the question is posed whether carriers of pathogenic organisms, like salmonella can contaminate a product by their hands. this might especially be possible in case of bad toilet hygiene. experiments were carried out in 13 food and 3 non-food establishments. an inquiry was made into habits of toilet use and hand washing. the following microbiological examinations were performed on workers' hands: total colony-forming-units per hand, and the presence of salmonella, e. ...	1981	6261483
prevalence of food-poisoning (enterotoxigenic) clostridium perfringens type a in blood and fish meal.	four of 9 strains of cl. perfringens type a isolated from 4 of 7 blood meal and 5 of 12 fish meal samples were found to be enterotoxigenic on biological tests and immunodiffusion test with enterotoxin specific serum. enterotoxin produced by these strains was identical with that of food-poisoning strains. of these 4 strains, 3 were heat-resistant and 1 was heat-sensitive spore formers. rate of sporulation of enterotoxigenic strains was greater than the non-enterotoxigenic ones. animal and public ...	1981	6261484
effects of ph shifts, bile salts, and glucose on sporulation of clostridium perfringens nctc 8798.	the sporulation of clostridium perfringens nctc 8798 was studied after exposing vegetative cells to: ph values of 1.5 to 8.0 in fluid thioglycolate broth (for 2h) and then transferring them to duncan-strong (ds) sporulation medium; sodium cholate or sodium deoxycholate (0.3 to 6.5 mm) in ds medium; or rhia-solberg medium with 0.4% (wt/wt) starch, glucose, or both added at 0 to 55 mm. at ph 1.5, no culturable heat-resistant spores were formed. for cells exposed to ph 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, or 6.0, increa ...	1981	6261681
enterotoxin formation by clostridium perfringens type a in a defined medium.	enterotoxin was produced by 9 of 10 strains of clostridium perfringens type a when grown in a defined medium. additional dextrin increased the amount of enterotoxin in extracts of sporulating cells of strain nctc 10239.	1981	6261685
survival of clostridial spores in animal tissues.	spores injected intravenously into mice in numbers in excess of 10(2)/g of body weight were initially dispersed to most organs, but after a few days the remaining spores were concentrated in the liver, from which they were eliminated with a half-life of about 6 days. intraperitoneal injection did not result in contamination of organs unless initial spore numbers exceeded 10(5)/g of body weight, in which case the spores behaved in the same manner as those injected intravenously. oral administrati ...	1981	6261688
myoelectric activity in the small intestine in response to clostridium perfringens a enterotoxin: correlation with histologic findings in an in vivo rabbit model.		1981	6259015
[in vitro activity of cefotaxime on anaerobes (author's transl)].	the comparative activity of cefotaxime, cefazolin, cefamandole and cefoxitin was studied on 80 strains of anaerobic bacterial species: 14 clostridia, 60 bacteroides fragilis, 6 peptococcus. the new cephalosporins showed an increase in the in vitro activity against bacteroides fragilis, but their efficacy was still inferior to that of the 5-nitro-imidazole derivatives.	1981	6259592
[isolation of the theta-hemolysin of cl. perfringens].	teta-hemolysine was purified from cl. perfringens strain bp6k 28 as follows: reprecipitation in the isoelectric point of the enzyme with 2 n h2so4 containing 15% nacl, deae cellulose chromatography, gel filtration on sephadex g-100-g75 or bio gel p-60--p-100, rechromatography on deae-sephadex a-50 and affinity chromatography. the biological activity of homogenous teta-hemolysine, estimated by complete hemolysis of human erythrocytes, exceeded 100, 000 theta e over mg protein but the enzyme was h ...	1981	6258318
protective effects of osmotic stabilizers on morphological and permeability alterations induced in vero cells by clostridium perfringens enterotoxin.	culture medium made hypertonic by the addition of osmotic stabilizers such as sucrose, poly(ethylene glycol), dextran and bovine serum albumin protected against changes in morphology and plasma membrane permeability induced by clostridium perfringes enterotoxin. the protection did not appear to be due to binding inhibition. results of these studies support an osmotic disruption mechanism for the action of the enterotoxin. a comprehensive model of the enterotoxin's action based on an osmotic disr ...	1981	6163461
trypsin activation of enterotoxin from clostridium perfringens type a: fragmentation and some physicochemical properties.	clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin was activated about 3-fold by treatment with trypsin, without an observed change in molecular weight. on denaturation in 8 m urea, the trypsinated enterotoxin lost a small peptide of about 4000 daltons. the single cysteine residue of enterotoxin was in the small peptide together with seven out of nine residues of proline. trypsin activation, without removal of the small peptide, increased the 'outside' number of amino groups from eight to eleven. the tr ...	1981	6165395
pharmacological effect of beta toxin of clostridium perfringens type c on rats.	the biological effect of purified beta toxin of clostridium perfringens type c in vivo was investigated. after intravenous injection of the purified beta toxin into rats, a rise in blood pressure and a simultaneous fall in heart rate were observed. after the blood pressure reached a maximum, the heart rate recovered gradually, and electrocardiographic and respiratory changes began. the rise in blood pressure induced by beta toxin tended to be proportional to the amount of toxin. the latent perio ...	1981	6168890
[further research on the detoxifying effect of rna].	type a cl. perfringens toxin caused necrosis in guniea-pigs and killed mice. sodium nucleinate, administered orally to these animals simultaneously with the injection of the toxin and 2 hours later significantly prevented dermonecrosis in guinea-pigs and death in mice, as well as the development of pathomorphological changes in the liver, the kidneys and the spleen, the fatty degeneration of hepatocytes and disturbances in nucleic acid metabolism in these cells.	1981	6173976
colony formation by bone marrow cells after incubation with neuraminidase. ii. sensitivity of erythroid progenitor cells for burst promoting activity and erythropoietin and restoration of reduced spleen colony formation in mice pretreated with desialated erythrocyte membrane fragments.	incubation of bone marrow cells (bmc) with neuraminidase (na) reduces their ability to form colonies in the spleen of lethally irradiated mice. in vivo the largest reduction was observed in the erythrocytic colonies, whereas in vitro an inhibiting effect of na incubation was observed on the plating efficiency of erythrocyte precursors (cfue and day 7 bfue). masking of the receptors for neuraminidase-treated cell surface determinants in the recipient's body by infection of desialated erythrocytes ...	1981	6113156
colony formation by bone marrow cells after incubation with neuraminidase. iii. cell surface repair, homing and growth characteristics of colony forming cells in vivo.	incubation of bone marrow cells (bmc) with neuraminidase (na) reduced their ability to form colonies in the spleen of lethally irradiated mice to 25% of control-incubated bmc. covering of the recipient's receptors for galactosyl residues by infusion of desialated erythrocyte membrane fragments (na-efr) fully prevented the reduction of na-bmc colony formation. upon retransplantation the desialated cfus in the spleen of irradiated first recipients could be significantly rescued within 6 h posttran ...	1981	6113157
[postoperative gas gangrene. apropos of 22 cases].	the authors report twenty two cases of post-operative gas gangrene. in the series studied mortality was 40.9 p. 100, independent of age and sex. rapidly progressive forms were the most severe. the delay before effective treatment was prescribed influenced prognosis. in clinical terms, shock and associated renal insufficiency were grave, as well as a picture of respiratory distress which led, in certain cases, to contra-indication of one of the therapeutic possibilities, i.e. that of hyperbaric o ...	1981	6119945
hemorrhagic enterotoxemia caused by clostridium perfringens type c in a foal.	a four day old appaloosa foal in alberta died from hemorrhagic enterotoxemia. beta-toxin of clostridium perfringens was demonstrated in the intestinal contents of the foal and a pure culture of c. perfringens type c was grown from the small intestine. histological examination showed hemorrhage and extensive necrosis of the small intestinal mucosa. areas of necrotic tissue were surrounded by massive numbers of clostridia-like rods. there was also a moderate degree of thyroid hyperplasia. this is ...	1982	17422190
longevity of protection by active immunization against necrotising enteritis in papua new guinea.		1982	6124791
[use of molasses and whey in culture media for the development and production of a toxin from clostridium perfringens type d].	this work was undertaken to study the use of molasses and cheese whey in culture media for growth and toxigenic activities of c. perfringens type d. three media were used namely: 1) a modified gordon medium 2) a molasses medium and 3) a whey medium which composition are shown in table 1. the experiments were carried out in a 400 ml microfermentor by using 300 ml of media with automatic ph control (7,0 +/- 0,1) at 37 degrees c. samples were taken for determination of microbial count and toxigenic ...	1982	6101000
electrophoretic study of clostridium species.	polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of soluble cellular proteins (without sodium dodecyl sulfate) of 70 clostridium species indicated that the procedure was readily applicable to the differentiation of species in the genus. the protein patterns correlated well with the available dna homology data and with most accepted differential tests. results indicated that several earlier names for species were synonyms of those of accepted species and that two accepted species may be synonymous.	1982	6175658
cholecystectomy wounds: source of infection.		1982	6177733
clostridial bacteraemia.		1982	6183326
effect of purine derivatives, papaverine hydrochloride, and imidazole on enterotoxin formation by clostridium perfringens type a.	the percentage sporulation and enterotoxin specific activity were improved for all of five clostridium perfringens strains, and numbers of heat-resistant spores were improved for four of five strains by replacing proteose peptone with peptone in duncan-strong (ds) medium. when raffinose replaced starch in ds, peptone was superior to proteose peptone in increasing percentage sporulation, numbers of heat-resistant spores, and enterotoxin formation for four of five strains. enterotoxin levels for a ...	1982	6184146
in vitro activity of moxalactam against anaerobic bacteria.	moxalactam was tested against 80 isolates of anaerobic bacteria from clinical specimens. the results of this study and a review of other studies, in which comparable susceptibility testing methods were used, demonstrated the susceptibility to moxalactam of members of the bacteroides fragilis group, bacteroides melaninogenicus, fusobacterium species, anaerobic gram-positive cocci, and clostridium perfringens.	1982	6218560
polymicrobial septicemia associated with rhabdomyolysis, myoglobinuria, and acute renal failure.	myoglobinuria and renal failure resulting from bacterial infection have only rarely been reported. to our knowledge, we describe the first reported case of polymicrobial septicemia resulting in rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuric renal failure. renal failure secondary to myoglobinuria has an excellent prognosis; in our patient, recovery was complete. the frequency of rhabdomyolysis, myoglobinuria, and renal failure in septicemia is unknown and can only be determined by an increased awareness of thi ...	1982	6274265
histamine-producing bacteria in decomposing skipjack tuna (katsuwonus pelamis).	spoilage in skipjack tuna (katsuwonus pelamis) was studied under controlled conditions by incubating whole, fresh fish in seawater at 38 degrees c, the optimum temperature for histamine formation. bacterial isolates were obtained from the loin tissue of a decomposing tuna containing 134 mg of histamine per 100 g and a total anaerobic count of 3.5 x 10(5)/g after incubation for 24 h. over 92% of the 134 isolates obtained were facultatively or obligately anaerobic bacteria. eighteen isolates produ ...	1982	6289747
intracellular antibody against clostridium perfringens enterotoxin fails to counteract toxin-induced damage.		1982	6290086
newcastle disease virus contains a linkage-specific glycoprotein sialidase. application to the localization of sialic acid residues in n-linked oligosaccharides of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein.	newcastle disease virus sialidase was found to exhibit strict specificity for hydrolysis of the neuac alpha 2 leads to 3gal linkage contained in glycoprotein oligosaccharides both n-linked to asparagine and o-linked to threonine or serine under conditions that left oligosaccharides containing the neuac alpha 2 leads to 2 leads to 6gal and neuac alpha 2 leads to 6gallnac linkages intact. this was determined, in part, by examining the viral sialidase for its ability to hydrolyze glycoprotein oligo ...	1982	6290480
[anaerobic infection].		1982	6291242
adaptation of an automated microbiology system for the growth of anaerobes and performance of antimicrobial susceptibility tests.	the authors examined the feasibility of growing anaerobes in an automated microbiology system (ms-2) and using the system for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. a total of 78 of 100 clinical anaerobic isolates grew in the ms-2 if 100 microl of an undiluted overnight suspension of organisms was inoculated into at least 2.5 ml of freshly prepared wilkins-chalgren broth supplemented with 0.07% agar. susceptibility test results were determined with 50 anaerobes tested against seven antibiotics in ...	1982	6291376
effects of temperature, ph and detergents on the molecular conformation of the enterotoxin of clostridium perfringens.	the effects of temperature, ph and sodium dodecyl sulfate on the conformation of the enterotoxin from clostridium perfringens type a were followed by circular dichroism in both the peptide and aromatic regions. at near-physiological conditions (35 degrees c, ph 6.7) the enterotoxin exhibited a conformation consisting of approximately 60% pleated sheet, 40% non-periodic, and essentially no helix. the peptide region was relatively stable at temperatures up to 55 degrees c and at ph values ranging ...	1982	6291615
response of clostridium perfringens and its l form to bacteriocins of c. perfringens.	clostridium perfringens strain no. 28 and its penicillin-induced stable l form were treated with 10 different bacteriocins of c. perfringens. viable count and labelled amino acid incorporation experiments revealed that the l form was sensitive to two and possibly three bacteriocins to which the bacillus was not, while both forms were commonly sensitive to two other bacteriocins and resistant to five others. adsorption of bacteriocin, immunity factors, or perhaps uptake of bacteriocin might be pr ...	1982	6291734
clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin: characterization of the amino-terminal region.	the amino-terminal region of the enterotoxin of clostridium perfringens was investigated by automated sequence analysis. the primary structure results revealed that the enterotoxin is composed of a single polypeptide amino acid sequence. computer comparison of a 20-residue sequence with a sequence library of reported proteins revealed no significant chemical similarities, indicating that the enterotoxin represents a unique polypeptide primary structure.	1982	6292098
purification of two clostridium perfringens enterotoxin-like proteins and their effects on membrane permeability in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes.	we isolated two proteins, et-1 and et-2, from the sporangial extracts of clostridium perfringens type a. both proteins had some properties in common with the well-known c. perfringens enterotoxin. et-1 and et-2 behaved as single and distinct entities in anion exchange chromatography and disk gel electrophoresis. et-2 was the more anionic protein since it eluted more slowly from the anion exchange column and migrated faster toward the anode in polyacrylamide disk gel electrophoresis (ph 8.5, nati ...	1982	6292107
[case of anaerobic infection].		1982	6292574
investigation of the effects of phospholipase c on human platelets: evidence that aggregation induced by phospholipase c is independent of prostaglandin generation, released adp and is modulated by cyclic amp.	effects and the mechanism of action of phospholipase c (plc), from clostridium perfringens, on washed human platelets were examined to better understand the role of plc in platelet function. plc caused aggregation and secretion of [14c]-5ht, without concomitant loss of cytoplasmic, ldh, in a concentration dependent manner. p-nitrophenylphosphorylcholine, a substrate for plc, blocked these responses in a concentration dependent manner. in other experiments hirudin, alpha-1-antitrypsin and soybean ...	1982	6293114
acute gastric dilatation in nonhuman primates: review and case studies.	acute gastric dilatation occurs sporadically in laboratory-housed nonhuman primates. clinical histories often include chronic drug administration, food restriction, accidental overfeeding, and prior anesthesia. monkeys may be found dead or may have clinical signs of colic, abdominal distention, and dyspnea. death in untreated cases is due to impaired venous return and cardiopulmonary failure. gastric distention with fermented gaseous ingesta and congestion of the abdominal viscera are the predom ...	1982	6293147
comparative effects of oral administration of trimethoprim/sulphadiazine or oxytetracycline on the faecal flora of horses.	a study was carried out on the bacteriological faecal flora of horses before and after oral doses of oxytetracycline or trimethoprim plus sulphadiazine. administration of oxytetracycline was rapidly followed by large increases in counts of coliforms. bacteroides and streptococcus species, the disappearance of veillonella species, the appearance of clostridium perfringens type a in large numbers and the accumulation of watery fluid in the rectal contents. these changes were not seen following adm ...	1982	6293150
[modulating functions of yeast rna].		1982	6293226
binding of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin to hepatocytes, small intestinal epithelial cells and vero cells.	clostridium perfringens enterotoxin binds specifically to hepatocytes, vero cells and rat intestinal epithelial cells, and causes membrane damage visible as "bubble" formation. fluorescein-labelled enterotoxin also binds specifically to the same cell types. 125i labelled enterotoxin shows one class of binding sites on both vero and rat intestinal epithelial cells. the number of binding sites decreases along the rat intestine, but the affinity constant is the same in different parts of the intest ...	1982	6293246
inhibition of protein synthesis by a tryptic polypeptide of clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin.	the biological activity of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin can be tested more precisely and with a much higher sensitivity by using the inhibition of protein synthesis by vero cells, rather than the guinea pig skin test. tryptic peptides of the enterotoxin produced in the presence of different concentrations of sodium dodecyl sulfate (0-1%) have been tested for biological activity (vero cells) and inhibitory effect on cell-free protein synthesis (rabbit reticulocyte lysate). a fraction of tr ...	1982	6293575
characterization of bacteriocin 28 produced by clostridium perfringens.	bacteriocin 28, produced by clostridium perfringens, was characterized by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as a glycoprotein with a molecule weight of approximately 100,000. density gradient centrifugation suggested a lower weight of 84,000. the bacteriocin bound firmly to phenyl-sepharose cl-4b gel, indicating hydrophobic properties, and elution from this gel with ethylene glycol clearly separated bacteriocin from the alpha and theta toxins of c. pe ...	1982	6293695
food borne infection with clostridium perfringens type a.	clostridium perfringens type a is one of the four most important bacterial agents causing food poisoning. differential biochemical characterization appears to be important because of certain confounding species. both the heat sensitive and resistant spore forming strains cause food poisoning. ubiquitous nature, ability to contaminate carcass intravitally, thermal resistance of spores, relatively short generation time at high incubation temperature, survival in chilled and frozen meat and ability ...	1982	6293994
implication of clostridium difficile and clostridium perfringens iota toxins in experimental lincomycin-associated colitis of rabbits.	following oral administration of lincomycin, over 50% of two groups of 12 rabbits each died between 4 and 56 days with distended, non-hemorrhagic, fluid-filled ceca. bacteria-free cecal filtrates from the rabbits that died were lethal for mice, cytopathic in y-1 tissue culture monolayers, and caused increased vascular permeability in rabbit skin. although the cecal filtrates of both groups had similar biological activity, the filtrate activity of one group was neutralized by clostridium perfring ...	1982	6285077
acute infection of a mediastinal cyst.		1982	6285437
fatal intravascular hemolysis associated with t-polyagglutination.		1982	6285558
[colony morphology of clostridium perfringens type a (author's transl)].	at least 4 different colony form of clostridium perfringens on the surface of yeast extract blood agar after overnight incubation were demonstrated. a: glossy colonies with entire margins, mostly surrounded by narrow zones of complete hemolysis and a much wider zone of incomplete hemolysis (colonies typical for c. perfringens (fig. 1), b: dwarf colonies, similar to a, but very small (fig. 2), c:rough colonies slightly raised with lobate margins (fig. 3-4), d: flat colonies with irregular surface ...	1982	6285643
[antagonistic effect against "clostridium perfringens" exerted in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice by "clostridium" strains isolated from the microflora of conventional mice (author's transl)].	bacterial strains isolated from the digestive tract of conventional mice produced a barrier effect against a strain of clostridium perfringens type a (strain cp) in the gastrointestinal tract of gnotobiotic mice. this barrier effect was observed when mice, monoassociated with escherichia coli k12, were inoculated with a mixed culture of fusiform-shaped clostridia. the collection of fusiforms (collection d) was obtained from a single colony chosen from among the 26 types studied. collection d and ...	1982	6285793
capillary agar diffusion assay for measuring metronidazole in human gingival crevice fluid.	an agar diffusion assay in capillaries, with fusobacterium nucleatum m2 as the indicator strain, has been developed to measure metronidazole concentrations in gingival crevice fluid. the assay allows the measurement of 1.9 micrograms of metronidazole per ml in sample amounts of 0.6 microliters.	1982	6285816
wet and dry bacterial spore densities determined by buoyant sedimentation.	the wet densities of various types of dormant bacterial spores and reference particles were determined by centrifugal buoyant sedimentation in density gradient solutions of three commercial media of high chemical density. with metrizamide or renografin, the wet density values for the spores and permeable sephadex beads were higher than those obtained by a reference direct mass method, and some spore populations were separated into several density bands. with percoll, all of the wet density value ...	1982	6285824
reactivity of glycoconjugates in membranes. i. determination of transbilayer distribution of gangliosides in lipid vesicles by chemical methods.	two simple chemical methods are described for the determination of the transbilayer distribution of gangliosides gd1a and gm1 in phosphatidylcholine vesicles. the data presented here show an increase in the percentage of gd1a exposed on the outer surface of vesicles with increasing mole fraction of gd1a. the percentage of gd1a exposed on 1:50 and 1:5 gd1a-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles were found to be 67% and 83%, respectively. the same trend is seen for vesicles with dimyristoylphosph ...	1982	6285968
gas gangrene following perforation of the colon.		1982	6286082