Publications

isolation and characterization of provisional serovar shigella boydii e16553 from diarrhoeal patients in bangladesh.	in previous studies with strains of the shigella dysenteriae provisional serovars e22383 and e23507 from diarrhoeal stools from patients in bangladesh, two strains of shigella species were identified as shigella boydii provisional serovar e16553 by a reference laboratory. further tests with an antiserum to an international type strain of the provisional serovar e16553 identified an additional 15 isolates. none of the isolates reacted with antisera to the established shigella serovars or any othe ...	2005	15824427
an unusual cluster of dysentery due to shigella dysenteriae type 4 in dhaka, bangladesh.		2005	15824434
shigellosis.	shigellosis is a global human health problem. four species of shigella i.e. s. dysenteriae, s. flexneri, s. boydii and s. sonnei are able to cause the disease. these species are subdivided into serotypes on the basis of o-specific polysaccharide of the lps. shigella dysenteriae type 1 produces severe disease and may be associated with life-threatening complications. the symptoms of shigellosis include diarrhoea and/or dysentery with frequent mucoid bloody stools, abdominal cramps and tenesmus. s ...	2005	15880088
cytokine release induced by killed bacteria associated with anti-ifn-gamma antibody in shigella infection.	an effort was made to analyze the effect of in vitro stimulation on macrophages using killed shigella dysenteriae type-1 (ksd1) coupled with anti-interferon gamma (anti-ifn-gamma) antibody. the stimulated macrophages were co-cultured with primed or non-primed t-cells from shigella infected patients. t-cell cultures were also established by co-culturing ksd1 coupled with or without pha stimulated macrophages. emulsified ksd1 coupled with anti-ifn-gamma antibody was found to act as a potent immuno ...	2005	15894487
antibacterial activity of the essential oil from cymbopogon nervatus inflorescence.	antibacterial activity of essential oil of dried inflorescence of cymbopogon nervatus was investigated. the essential oil remarkably inhibited the growth of tested bacteria except for salmonella typhi. the maximum activity was against shigella dysenteriae and klebsiella pneumoniae.	2005	15896926
antidiarrhoeal activity of the methanol extract of the barks of xylocarpus moluccensis in castor oil- and magnesium sulphate-induced diarrhoea models in mice.	the methanol (meoh) extract of the barks of xylocarpus moluccensis, and different fractions of this extract were studied for antidiarrhoeal activity using castor oil- and magnesium sulphate-induced diarrhoea models in mice. at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg, the meoh extract showed significant antidiarrhoeal activity in both models. the etoac fraction (eaf) and the residual meoh fraction (rmf) exhibited similar activity using a dose of 250 mg/kg in both models. no antidiarrhoeal activity was obs ...	2005	15905054
phosphotidylinositol-3 kinase-mediated signals in mice immunized with the 57 kda major antigenic outer-membrane protein of shigella dysenteriae type 1.	antigen-specific t-cell signalling via t-cell antigen receptor stimulation was carried out in balb/c mice immunized with the 57 kda major antigenic component of shigella dysenteriae 1 outer-membrane proteins. in presence of anti-cd3, the 57 kda antigen was found to increase the level of il-2 significantly instead of il-4. il-2 production in t cells was consistent with an increase in intracellular free ca(2+) [(ca(2+))i] concentration. the antigen-specific modulation was observed during t-cell si ...	2005	15947427
epidemic strain shigella dysenteriae type 1 dt66 encodes several drug resistances by chromosome.	multiple antibiotic-resistant strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1 were isolated from an epidemic in west bengal, india (1984). during the past two decades, much attention was given to reevaluation of treatment recommendations. however, there are no useful data on drug resistance encoded by chromosome.	2005	15950082
distribution of genes encoding the microbial non-oxidative reversible hydroxyarylic acid decarboxylases/phenol carboxylases.	bacterial non-oxidative, reversible multi subunit hydroxyarylic acid decarboxylases/phenol carboxylases are encoded by the three clustered genes, b, c, and d, of approximately 0.6, 1.4, and 0.2 kb, respectively. there are more than 160 homologues in the database with significant similarity to gene b (homology to ubix) and c (ubid) distributed in all three microbial domains, however, homologues to gene d, are not numerous ( approximately 15). the occurrence of the entire bcd gene cluster encoding ...	2005	15979273
shigella dysenteriae shus promotes utilization of heme as an iron source and protects against heme toxicity.	shigella dysenteriae serotype 1, a major cause of bacillary dysentery in humans, can use heme as a source of iron. genes for the transport of heme into the bacterial cell have been identified, but little is known about proteins that control the fate of the heme molecule after it has entered the cell. the shus gene is located within the heme transport locus, downstream of the heme receptor gene shua. shus is a heme binding protein, but its role in heme utilization is poorly understood. in this wo ...	2005	16077111
synergistic antimicrobial activity of tea & antibiotics.	tea leaves are known for its antibacterial activity against many microorganisms. in this study we attempted to describe the synergistic antimicrobial activity of tea and antibiotics against enteropathogens. antimicrobial activity of boiled water tea extract and organic solvent extract were studied against salmonella typhimurium 1402/84, s. typhi, s. typhi ty2a, shigella dysenteriae, yersinia enterocolitica c770, and escherichia coli (epec p2 1265) determining minimum inhibitory concentration (mi ...	2005	16106094
metal binding and antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin complexes.	four novel cobalt(ii), copper(ii), nickel(ii) and zinc(ii) complexes of the fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin have been prepared. the compounds were characterized by ir, uv-visible, molar conductivity and elemental analyses. in all of the complexes, the drug ligand, ciprofloxacin (cfl) was coordinated through two carbonyl oxygen atoms. octahedral and square-planar geometries have been proposed for the cobalt(ii), nickel(ii) and zinc(ii), and copper(ii) complexes, respectively. in vitro te ...	2005	16119203
involvement of prostaglandins in an animal model of shigella-related seizures.	we investigated whether prostaglandins (pgs), proinflammatory mediators implicated in excitatory activity, are involved in shigella-related seizures. pretreatment with s. dysenteriae sonicate (2ld(50)) enhanced mice response to pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures, without increase of brain concentrations of pge(2), pgd(2) or pgf(2alpha). preinjection of ns-398, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase-2, before treatment with shigella sonicate, had no effect on seizures. the anticonvulsive pgd(2) increase ...	2005	16139898
haemolytic uraemic syndrome due to ciprofloxacin-resistant shigella dysenteriae serotype 1.	a case of haemolytic uraemic syndrome following dysentery due to ciprofloxacin-resistant shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 is reported for the first time. the increasing resistance of s. dysenteriae serotype 1 to many commonly available antimicrobial agents has implications for the management of dysentery. the choice of antimicrobial treatment for s. dysenteriae serotype 1 infections should take into account widespread drug resistance and the risk of haemolytic uraemic syndrome.	2005	16157557
differences in perception of dysentery and enteric fever and willingness to receive vaccines among rural residents in china.	enteric diseases including dysentery and enteric fever remain significant public health problems in china. while vaccines offer great potential in controlling these diseases, greater understanding of factors influencing acceptance of vaccines is needed to create effective enteric disease control programs in rural china.	2006	16159688
immunogenicity of multivalent shigella-etec candidate vaccine strains in a guinea pig model.	shigella and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli continue to be significant causes of diarrheal disease in infants and young children in developing countries as well as prevalent agents of traveler's diarrhea. a vaccine which provides protection against disease caused by both pathogens would serve common at-risk populations. such a vaccine would require inclusion of multiple shigella strains as well as multiple etec antigens. the use of attenuated strains of shigella as live vectors for the express ...	2006	16169130
[health economics--stopgap measures are no decisions. interview by kaj nyman].		2006	2095080
[analysis of mutagenicity in the urine of young male smokers and non-smokers].		2006	4087496
[physical development and health status of first-year students].		2006	1840048
[physical development and health status of first-year students].		2006	1840048
increased cholesterol awareness in urban and rural areas--missouri, 1988-1991.	elevated serum cholesterol is a risk factor for coronary heart disease (chd) (1,2). from 1983 through 1990, the percentage of persons who had their cholesterol measured--a first step in reducing risk for chd from serum cholesterol-increased nationwide (3). changes in patterns had not been monitored specifically in rural areas, where access to medical care and other socioeconomic barriers may hinder receipt and use of cholesterol screening (4,5). to monitor trends in cholesterol awareness and oth ...	2006	1569916
decreased monocyte-induced angiogenesis in scleroderma.		2006	1698391
the accuracy of death certificates. implications for health statistics.	the death certificate is an important source of data on disease incidence, prevalence and mortality. it should therefore be as accurate and complete as possible. death certificates from 433 autopsied hospital patients were reviewed and matched against the results of post-mortem examinations. significant discrepancies between the two documents were observed in 50% of patients. in 25%, the immediate cause of death was incorrectly stated on the certificate, having been assigned to a different organ ...	2006	1871957
the foreign nurse program: an innovative nclex review.	the foreign nurse program was created to respond to a specific need. other cities and states may find that they too have a population of foreign-educated nurses who have not taken or passed the licensure examination. this program creates one more pathway to increase the ranks of the american nursing work force by using foreign-trained nurses who wish to enter the work force.	2006	1564175
reading activities of staff nurses from states with mandatory or voluntary continuing education.	reading activities of staff nurses (n = 269) residing in six states with mandated educational requirements for relicensure were compared with a similar number (n = 275) of staff nurses from states that have no legislative continuing education (ce) requirements. time spent reading both professional and general literature was obtained. nurses spent twice as much time reading general literature as professional literature. both groups stated that conferences were the preferred method of ce; reading ...	2006	1564174
[hypothesis on the probable mechanism of auto-limitation of acute attacks of gout].		2006	3013255
invasive thymoma with intracaval growth into the right atrium.	we report an unusual case of invasive thymoma with intracaval growth into the right atrium. computed tomography and venacavography demonstrated this manner of extension of thymoma. the tumor was completely removed by means of cardiopulmonary bypass after four courses of chemotherapy. multidisciplinary treatment for invasive thymoma with this growth pattern is thought to be useful.	2006	1540072
oral anticoagulation therapy: indications, contraindications, and complications.	the goal of oral anticoagulation therapy is to prevent thromboembolic events while minimizing the possibility of hemorrhage. this article discusses indications for, contraindications to, and possible complications of anticoagulant therapy. guidelines for the use of low intensity and high intensity anticoagulation and duration of anticoagulant therapy are also included.	2006	1392676
[calcium channel blockers in the elderly with hypertension].	administered alone, calcium entry blockers (ceb) are effective antihypertensive agents in the aged, and their blood pressure lowering action is similar to that of other antihypertensive drugs. ceb may be regarded as alternatives to diuretics in the elderly, and they should be used instead of diuretics when these are contraindicated. the effectiveness of ceb might be explained by some characteristics of old age, such as elevated mean blood pressure, reduced plasma renin activity, blunted sympathe ...	2006	1828570
component of whole cell ca current due to electrogenic na-ca-exchange in cardiac myocytes.	a carrier mechanism that mediates an exchange of na+ for ca2+ across the cell membrane is believed to be an important regulator of intracellular ca2+ and therefore the contractile strength of the heart. considerable evidence indicates that there is an unequal transfer of electrical charge during this exchange which implies that the carrier may contribute substantially to the net flow of ionic current across the sarcolemmal membrane. to detect such a component of current, nondialyzed single frog ...	2006	2435177
[can vision defects among artists influence their art?].		2006	1895830
modeling of therapeutic dialysis of cerebrospinal fluid by epidural cooling in spinal cord injuries.	paraplegias of traumatic origin may be classified as primary or secondary. secondary traumatic paraplegia (stp) is believed to result from an autodestructive process. different authors have published results supporting or contradicting the therapeutic effects of durotomy alone or associated with exposed spinal cord and perfusion with a saline solution at normal or cold temperatures. it appears that although decompression and open dialysis might be beneficial, the surgical trauma over the injured ...	2006	3225857
[clinical aspects of arrhythmias].	arrhythmias are frequent and occur in normal individuals as well as in patients with structural heart disease. in supraventricular arrhythmias the indication for treatment is mainly based on symptoms. in atrial fibrillation the thromboembolic risk has to be taken into account. in ventricular arrhythmias, especially in combination with significant structural heart disease, prognostic considerations play an important role in decision-making.	2006	1594843
management of the palatal ectopic and unerupted maxillary canine.	some problems associated with the diagnosis of the ectopic maxillary canine are discussed. a treatment regimen is outlined for the tooth that is displaced palatally and unerupted.	2006	1782194
tibio-talar stability in bimalleolar ankle fractures: a dynamic in vitro contact area study.	a dynamic weight-bearing model has been developed in a cadaveric ankle model to assess the contact areas of the talus in varying degrees of bimalleolar ankle fractures. a surgically created transverse fibula osteotomy with up to 6 mm of displacement did not cause a significant change in the contact area. sectioning of the deltoid ligament, regardless of fibular displacement, created a 15% to 20% decrease in the contact area (p less than .001). this model represents a clinically relevant situatio ...	2006	1855708
tibio-talar stability in bimalleolar ankle fractures: a dynamic in vitro contact area study.	a dynamic weight-bearing model has been developed in a cadaveric ankle model to assess the contact areas of the talus in varying degrees of bimalleolar ankle fractures. a surgically created transverse fibula osteotomy with up to 6 mm of displacement did not cause a significant change in the contact area. sectioning of the deltoid ligament, regardless of fibular displacement, created a 15% to 20% decrease in the contact area (p less than .001). this model represents a clinically relevant situatio ...	2006	1855708
adrenal tumours in chinese.	patients with adrenal tumours were identified (n = 412). among them, 43% (176 patients) had primary and 57% (236 patients) had secondary tumours. of the primary tumours, 71% were adenomas, but adrenal cortical carcinoma 6.8% (12 cases), phaeochromocytoma 9.7% (17 cases), neuroblastoma 6.2% (11 cases), ganglioneuroma 1.1% (2 cases) and myelolipoma 4% (7 cases) were also seen. rare tumours like lipoma and haemangioma were also found. most of the metastatic tumours were carcinomas (88.2%), mainly f ...	2006	1636245
[the causes of cerebral complications in patients with ischemic heart disease following myocardial revascularization operations].	in the period from jan. 1988 to jan. 1991 operations for the formation of an aortocoronary shunt were carried out in 437 patients at the department of combined affections of the coronary and peripheral arteries, bakulev research institute. in some cases the operation was combined with resection of a postinfarction aneurysm of the left ventricle. cerebral complications developed in the postoperative period in 28 (6.4%) patients. their analysis showed the prevalence of severe forms of consciousnes ...	2006	1482586
["the profession is not the cause of the crisis"].		2006	2095089
monitoring and prevention of renal dysfunction in cardiac transplant recipients.	renal dysfunction is a common problem in cardiac transplant recipients who receive the immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine. elevation in serum creatinine levels and other indicators of renal dysfunction often appear during the first year after transplant. related problems of hypertension and gout also are common. specific strategies to minimize the nephrotoxic effects of cyclosporine and other potential insults to renal function can be used by nurses, physicians, and other health team members. ...	2006	1524934
the effect of insulin treatment on hba1c, body weight and lipids in type 2 diabetic patients with secondary-failure to sulfonylureas. a five year follow-up study.	no conclusive data are available about the long-term effect of insulin treatment in type 2 diabetic patients failing to maximal doses of sulfonylureas and caloric restriction. in total 160 non-obese type 2 diabetic patients with secondary failure were substituted with insulin using a diabetic teaching and care program. from these 160 patients 40 died within the observation period of five years; 102 patients had a complete five year follow-up, whereas the remaining 18 patients did not come to reg ...	2006	1464414
health checks on patients 75 years and over in nottinghamshire after the new gp contract.	to investigate annual health checks for patients of 75 years and over required by the 1990 contract for general practitioners.	2006	1393076
is a rise in [ca]1 responsible for rapid changes in neuronal excitability, ca currents, extracellular ions and ph0 induced by brief anoxia?		2006	2816423
is a rise in [ca]1 responsible for rapid changes in neuronal excitability, ca currents, extracellular ions and ph0 induced by brief anoxia?		2006	2816423
asbestos: the turbulent interface between science and policy.		2006	1489439
development of a hybrid shiga holotoxoid vaccine to elicit heterologous protection against shiga toxins types 1 and 2.	the hemolytic uremic syndrome is a life-threatening sequela that occurs after infection with shiga toxin (stx)-producing escherichia coli (stec) or shigella dysenteriae type 1, and stx is responsible for initiating this syndrome. an stec isolate can express stx1, stx2, or both, but antisera to stx1 and stx2 are not cross-neutralizing. to produce a single vaccine candidate against both toxins, we created a genetic toxoid that contained the enzymatically-inactivated stxa2 subunit and the native st ...	2006	16551486
immunocapture uppcr combined with dgge for rapid detection of shigella species.	to develop an immunocapture universal primer pcr (iuppcr) combined with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) and evaluate it as a method permitting rapid detection of shigella species and their serotypes.	2006	16553735
low risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome after early effective antimicrobial therapy for shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection in bangladesh.	hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) may complicate up to 15% of cases of shiga toxin (stx)-expressing enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (stec) o157:h7 infections in children. administration of antimicrobials has been reported to increase the risk of stec-associated hus by >10-fold, presumably by increasing the expression and release of stx by dying stec bacteria. shigella dysenteriae type 1 also expresses stx. however, the effect of antimicrobial therapy on stx release and the risk of hus in humans ...	2006	16392080
shiga toxin exposure modulates intestinal brush border membrane functional proteins in rabbit ileum.	the activities of lactase, sucrase and alkaline phosphatase (ap) were studied in intestinal brush border membranes of control and toxin-treated rabbits. purified shiga toxin (stx) exposure to ileal mucosa inhibited activities of brush border enzymes by 50%. kinetic analysis revealed that the observed decrease in bbm enzyme activities was due to reduced v(max) with no change in the affinity constants of the systems. the observed changes in enzyme activities were corroborated by western blot analy ...	2006	16444589
activities of aqueous extracts of mallotus oppositifolium on shigella dysenteriae a1-induced diarrhoea in rats.	1. mallotus oppositifolium is reported to possess medicinal properties and is traditionally used in cameroon for the treatment of diarrhoea. in the present study, we have evaluated the acute toxicity, in vitro antibacterial and in vivo antidiarrhoeal effects of an aqueous extract of these plant leaves. 2. shigella dysenteriae a(1) (sd1)-induced diarrhoeal rats were obtained by oral administration of increasing densities of the sd1 strain isolated from bloody diarrhoea occurring in east cameroon. ...	2006	16445705
fluoroquinolone resistance linked to both gyra and parc mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of shigella dysenteriae type 1.	we examined the quinolone resistance-determining region (qrdr) of gyra, gyrb, and parc of recently isolated fluoroquinolone-resistant s. dysenteriae type 1 strains from south asia and compared data with fluoroquinolone-susceptible strains associated with previous epidemics of 1978, 1984, and 1994. in fluoroquinolone-resistant strains, double mutations (ser83-->leu, asp87-->asn or gly) and a single mutation (ser80-->ile) were detected in the qrdrs of gyra and parc, respectively.	2006	16450072
high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among shigella isolates in the united states tested by the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system from 1999 to 2002.	shigella spp. infect approximately 450,000 persons annually in the united states, resulting in over 6,000 hospitalizations. since 1999, the national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system (narms) for enteric bacteria has tested every 10th shigella isolate from 16 state or local public health laboratories for susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents. from 1999 to 2002, narms tested 1,604 isolates. among 1,598 isolates identified to species level, 1,278 (80%) were shigella sonnei, 295 (18%) w ...	2006	16377666
investigating bacillary dysentery: the role of laboratory, technique and people.		2006	16600682
antienterobacterial activity of hemidesmus indicus r. br. root extract.	the antienterobacterial activity of the chloroform and methanol extracts of hemidesmus indicus root was demonstrated using a variety of methods and different enterobacterial strains. although the constituents were similar in the chloroform extract (chi) and the fatty substance separated (me1) from the methanol extract (mhi), me1 was found to be more effective than chi as evident from the disc diffusion method. me1 was found to be more active than mhi, followed by chi. this may be due to the inef ...	2006	16619372
synthesis of hexa- to tridecasaccharides related to shigella dysenteriae type 1 for incorporation in experimental vaccines.	hexa- to tridecasaccharides corresponding to the o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp) of the gram-negative bacterium shigella dysenteriae type 1 were synthesized in solution phase. the syntheses utilized tetra-, octa-, and dodecasaccharide intermediates that represent one to three contiguous tetrasaccharide repeating units of the o-sp [synlett2003, 743]. these compounds were glycosylated with mono-, di-, and trisaccharide trichloroacetamidates, which were synthesized in this study. the excellent ste ...	2006	16650395
future needs and directions for shigella vaccines.		2006	16673461
the emerging strains of shigella dysenteriae type 2 in bangladesh are clonal.	a total of 113 strains of shigella dysenteriae type 2 isolated from patients attending the dhaka diarrhoea treatment centre of icddr,b: centre for health and population research during the period 1999-2004 were studied. serotype of the isolates was confirmed using commercially available antisera. except for arabinose fermentation, all the strains had similar biochemical reactions. more than 60% of the strains were sensitive to commonly used antibiotics; only 6% (n=7) of the strains were resistan ...	2006	16684401
molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 causing dysentery outbreaks in central african republic, 2003-2004.	shigella dysenteriae type 1 (sd1) represents a particular threat in developing countries because of the severity of the infection and its epidemic potential. antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular subtyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and plasmid profiling (pp) of sd1 isolates collected during two dysentery outbreaks (2013 and 445 cases of bloody diarrhoea) in central african republic (car) during the period 2003-2004 were reported. eleven sd1 comparison strains (cs) a ...	2006	16701761
nutritive value, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of struchium sparganophora leaves.	struchium sparganophora leaf is a green leafy vegetable popularly used in soup preparations in processed and unprocessed forms in nigeria. fresh leaves of s. sparganophora were soaked overnight to remove its bitterness, before determination of the nutrient and antinutrient content, while sun-dried s. sparganophora leaves were extracted with rectified spirit. the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the extracts were subsequently determined. the result of the study revealed that the fresh ...	2006	16822216
[antibacterial action of ether oils of some plants].	inhibitory effect of clove oil on escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, salmonella typhimurium, shigella dysenteriae and candida albicans was detected. mint ether oil had the high antibacterial action on s. aureus, however against other microorganisms mint oil had a reliably low effect then clove oil. fennel oil had high antibacterial effect on c. albicans, and bactericidal action on s. typhimurium and s. dysenteriae.	2006	16830599
construction, detection and microarray analysis on shigella dysenteriae a1 iron, shua single, double mutants.	in this study, we constructed single mutants mts-1, mts-2 of iron and shua gene and double mutant mts of them in shigella dysenteriae a1 strain 51197 by insert and absence. the functional detection of every mutant was performed at the level of culture medium and cell experiment. the gene expression profiles of the mutants and the wild-type strains under iron-enriched and iron-limited conditions were analyzed by the sd51197 whole genomic microarray. the results showed that all the mutants grew ob ...	2006	16856494
increasing single and multi-antibiotic resistance in shigella species isolated from shigellosis patients in sana'a, yemen.	the epidemiology and antibiotic susceptibility of shigella species changes over time. updated susceptibility knowledge is necessary for appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment. thus, this research aimed to study these changes in 2 time periods with an interval of 10 years.	2006	16883444
characterization of shigella strains in iran by plasmid profile analysis and pcr amplification of ipa genes.	to characterize shigella clinical strains, we studied 82 shigella strains recovered from 719 stool samples of patients with bloody diarrhea in shiraz, iran, over the period from april to october 2003. serological assay classified the shigella isolates as follows: 61 (74.39%) shigella sonnei isolates, 16 (19.51%) shigella flexneri isolates, 3 (3.65%) shigella boydii isolates, and 2 (2.43%) shigella dysenteriae isolates. in an antibiogram test, all shigella strains were susceptible to ceftazidime, ...	2006	16891506
verotoxin-1 induction of apoptosis in gb3-expressing human glioma cell lines.	the aim of this study was to examine the cytotoxicity and mechanism of apoptosis induction of verotoxin-1 (vt-1) in human glioma cell lines. vt-1 is a member of the shiga-toxin family expressed by some serotypes of escherichia coli and shigella dysenteriae. shiga-toxins have been shown to induce apoptosis by binding to its membrane receptor gb3. the human glioma cell lines sf-767, u-343 mg, and u-251 mg were studied together with bt4c, a rat glioma cell line. cells were first screened for gb3 ex ...	2006	16929170
preliminary pharmacological screening of bixa orellana l. leaves.	preliminary pharmacological studies were performed on the methanol extract of bixa orellana l. (bixaceae) leaves to investigate neuropharmacological, anticonvulsant, analgesic, antidiarrhoeal activity and effect on gastrointestinal motility. all studies were conducted in mice using doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg of body weight. in the pentobarbitone-induced hypnosis test, the extract statistically reduced the time for the onset of sleep at 500 mg/kg dose and (dose-dependently) increased the tot ...	2006	16963211
a multicentre study of shigella diarrhoea in six asian countries: disease burden, clinical manifestations, and microbiology.	the burden of shigellosis is greatest in resource-poor countries. although this diarrheal disease has been thought to cause considerable morbidity and mortality in excess of 1,000,000 deaths globally per year, little recent data are available to guide intervention strategies in asia. we conducted a prospective, population-based study in six asian countries to gain a better understanding of the current disease burden, clinical manifestations, and microbiology of shigellosis in asia.	2006	16968124
development of a serotype-specific dna microarray for identification of some shigella and pathogenic escherichia coli strains.	shigella and pathogenic escherichia coli are major causes of human infectious diseases and are responsible for millions of cases of diarrhea worldwide every year. a convenient and rapid method to identify highly pathogenic serotypes of shigella and e. coli is needed for large-scale epidemiologic study, timely clinical diagnosis, and reliable quarantine of the pathogens. in this study, a dna microarray targeting o-serotype-specific genes was developed to detect 15 serotypes of shigella and e. col ...	2006	17021058
13c nmr spectroscopy of core heme carbons as a simple tool to elucidate the coordination state of ferric high-spin heme proteins.	evidence is presented demonstrating that the magnitudes of the 13c chemical shifts originating from heme meso carbons provide a straightforward diagnostic tool to elucidate the coordination state of high-spin heme proteins and enzymes. pentacoordinate high-spin heme centers exhibit 13c meso shifts centered at approximately 250 ppm, whereas their hexacoordinate counterparts exhibit 13c shifts centered at approximately -80 ppm. the relatively small spectral window (400 to -100 ppm) covering the me ...	2006	17054345
distribution of shigella enterotoxin genes and secreted autotransporter toxin gene among diverse species and serotypes of shigella isolated from andaman islands, india.	we studied the prevalence and distribution of the newly described genes for shigella enterotoxins (shet1 and shet2, encoded by set and sen genes) and secreted auto-transporter toxin (encoded by sat gene) in clinical isolates from the andaman islands, india. a total of 153 shigella isolates obtained from hospitalized patients during 1994-2004 were analysed. these isolates included all the four species of shigella (s. dyseteriae-29, s. flexneri-75, s. sonnei-38, s. boydii-5) that belonged to diver ...	2006	17054749
prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of shigella species in asmara, eritrea, northeast africa.	diarrheal diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. of the bacterial causes of dysentery, shigella are the major enteropathogens with outbreak potential and common development of antimicrobial resistance. this study determined the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of different spp. of shigella in asmara, eritrea.	2006	17066201
structural studies of the o-antigenic polysaccharides from shigella dysenteriae type 3 and escherichia coli o124, a reinvestigation.	the structures of the o-antigenic part of the lipopolysaccharides from shigella dysenteriae type 3 and escherichia coli o124 have been reinvestigated. (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy in combination with selected 2d nmr techniques were used to determine the o-antigen pentasaccharide repeating units with the following structure: [see text]. from biosynthetic considerations this should also be the biological repeating unit. the structures of the repeating units also explain the previously observed ...	2006	17081507
salmonella and shigella in freshly squeezed orange juice, fresh oranges, and wiping cloths collected from public markets and street booths in guadalajara, mexico: incidence and comparison of analytical routes.	a survey of the presence of salmonella and shigella in freshly squeezed orange juice and related samples was conducted in guadalajara, mexico. one hundred samples of freshly squeezed orange juice were collected from 49 street booths and 51 small food service establishments. in addition, 75 fresh orange samples, each consisting of five orange units, and 75 wiping cloths were collected from the same establishments from which juice had been collected. salmonella was isolated from 14, 20, and 23% of ...	2006	17133801
effects of huoxiangzhengqi liquid on enteric mucosal immune responses in mice with bacillus dysenteriae and salmonella typhimurium induced diarrhea.	to explore effects of huoxiangzhengqi liquid (hxzq) on enteric mucosal immune responses in mice with bacillus dysenteriae and salmonella typhimurium induced diarrhea (bsd).	2006	17143954
carbohydrates as future anti-adhesion drugs for infectious diseases.	adhesion of pathogenic organisms to host tissues is the prerequisite for the initiation of the majority of infectious diseases. in many systems, it is mediated by lectins present on the surface of the infectious organism that bind to complementary carbohydrates on the surface of the host tissues. lectin-deficient mutants often lack the ability to initiate infection. the bacterial lectins are typically in the form of elongated submicroscopic multi-subunit protein appendages, known as fimbriae (or ...	2006	16564136
in vitro antibacterial, antifungal & cytotoxic activity of some isonicotinoylhydrazide schiff's bases and their cobalt (ii), copper (ii), nickel (ii) and zinc (ii) complexes.	isonicotinoylhydrazide schiff's bases formed by the reaction of substituted and unsubstituted furyl-2-carboxaldehyde and thiophene-2-carboxaldehyde with isoniazid and, their co (ii), cu (ii), ni (ii) and zn (ii) complexes have been synthesized, characterized and screened for their in vitro antibacterial activity against mycobacterium tuberculosis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, shigella dysenteriae, bacillus cereus, corynebac ...	2006	16570512
rural advanced practice nurses: a decade of growth.		2006	1764326
[eye foreign bodies. patients should be sent to the eye clinic for treatment].		2006	1636298
on the regulation of collagen-fibril shape and form.		2006	1794563
transcatheter management of pseudoaneurysms complicating pancreatitis.	hemorrhage from rupture of an arterial pseudoaneurysm is a potentially fatal complication of pancreatitis. seventeen patients underwent transcatheter embolization of 23 arteries for the treatment of 20 arterial pseudoaneurysms secondary to pancreatitis. their records were reviewed retrospectively to evaluate the clinical benefit of transcatheter therapy. at presentation, 15 of the 17 patients had gastrointestinal, intrasplenic, retroperitoneal, intraperitoneal, or postoperative wound bleeding. t ...	2006	1797219
transcatheter management of pseudoaneurysms complicating pancreatitis.	hemorrhage from rupture of an arterial pseudoaneurysm is a potentially fatal complication of pancreatitis. seventeen patients underwent transcatheter embolization of 23 arteries for the treatment of 20 arterial pseudoaneurysms secondary to pancreatitis. their records were reviewed retrospectively to evaluate the clinical benefit of transcatheter therapy. at presentation, 15 of the 17 patients had gastrointestinal, intrasplenic, retroperitoneal, intraperitoneal, or postoperative wound bleeding. t ...	2006	1797219
evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the stem bark of cylicodiscus gabunensis (mimosaceae).	ethyl acetate (ea) extract of the stem bark of cylicodiscus gabunensis (cg) was analysed phytochemically and evaluated for its antimicrobial activity against 17 pathogenic species isolated from patient: escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, shigella dysenteriae, shigella flexneri, morganella morganii, proteus vulgaris, proteus mirabilis, salmonella typhi, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter agglomerans, staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus feacalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa ...	2006	20162076
antimicrobial resistence of shigella species isolated during 2004 and 2005 from selected sites in zimbabwe.	to determine the predominant serotype and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of shigella isolates during 2004 and 2005 in zimbabwe.	2006	20353132
[bilateral claw deformity of the fingers due to fasciitis with eosinophilia (shulman's syndrome). apropos of a case].	shulman's syndrome or fasciitis with eosinophilia is a disease of unknown origin with unclear relations with scleroderma, characterised by thickening of the fascia superficialis associated with blood eosinophilia. this diagnosis should be considered in a patient presenting with a lesion of the anterior surface of the forearms, which have an "armoured" appearance, associated with claw deformity of the wrist, hand and fingers. the diagnosis is based on cutaneo-muscular biopsy and treatment consist ...	2006	1698089
effects of norethisterone on pressor response to angiotensin ii in men.	we examined the effects of norethisterone and/or mestranol on the pressor response to angiotensin ii in 20 healthy men.	2006	1635747
pharmacodynamics of pemoline in attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity.	the onset, duration, and offset of pemoline action to improve cognitive performance is examined intensively in 25 prepubescent males suffering from attention-deficit disorder with hyperactivity (addh). the purpose was to characterize the pharmacodynamics of pemoline in addh patients through correlation of plasma pemoline concentration with psychometric measures of memory search efficiency and paired-associates learning, with the physiological effect of pemoline on dopaminergic transmission concu ...	2006	1564025
heterogeneity analysis of breast cancer families by using age at onset as a covariate.	an extension of the usual mixture model of heterogeneity (two family types, one with and one without linkage) is proposed by introducing age at onset as a covariate. the extended model defines age-dependent penetrances where the exact parametrization of age-at-onset distributions depends on the given genotype and family type (linked or unlinked). this extension was applied to breast cancer families. we postulated that the mean age at onset in individuals affected by the linked gene was lower tha ...	2006	1539592
monocyte disorders associated with t cell defects in patients with solid tumors.	t cells proliferate in response to autologous monocytes in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (amlr). amlr was found to be impaired in patients with advanced cancer (stages iii and iv), whereas normal values were found in the early stages of the disease (stages i and ii). peripheral t lymphocytes from patients with advanced stages also exhibited a decreased ability to produce interleukin-2 (il-2) during an amlr response, whereas production of il-2 by t cells in stages i and ii was comparab ...	2006	1533752
the use of potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser for laparoscopic removal of ovarian endometrioma.	from january 1989 through january 1990, 31 patients thought to have ovarian endometrioma at ultrasonography were treated by operative laparoscopy and potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser. the endometriomas ranged from 2 to 9.2 cm in diameter by preoperative transvaginal ultrasonography. the operative procedure used was a three-puncture technique with a 600 micron fiber attached to a potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser. the power setting was 10 w with a continuous pulse. in all cases endometriomas wer ...	2006	1828651
the use of potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser for laparoscopic removal of ovarian endometrioma.	from january 1989 through january 1990, 31 patients thought to have ovarian endometrioma at ultrasonography were treated by operative laparoscopy and potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser. the endometriomas ranged from 2 to 9.2 cm in diameter by preoperative transvaginal ultrasonography. the operative procedure used was a three-puncture technique with a 600 micron fiber attached to a potassium-titanyl-phosphate laser. the power setting was 10 w with a continuous pulse. in all cases endometriomas wer ...	2006	1828651
[bronchobiliary fistula in carcinoma of the hepatic duct bifurcation].	carcinoma of the hepatic duct bifurcation was diagnosed in a 67-year-old women with obstructive jaundice. as metastatic spread could not be demonstrated the carcinoma was removed with a view of achieving a cure (hemihepatectomy, resection of the hepatic duct and the bifurcation, cholecystectomy and hepatojejunostomy). histological examination indicated adenocarcinoma of the biliary tract. seven months postoperatively the patient was found to be cachectic and cough up greenish liquid sputum. bili ...	2006	1459022
delirium during intra-aortic balloon pump therapy. incidence and management.		2006	1539101
chartline: providing bibliographic references relevant to patient charts using the umls metathesaurus knowledge sources.	a successful medical informatics program helps its users to match their information needs as closely and efficiently as possible to the capabilities of the system. chartline is a computer program whose input is a free text, "natural language" patient chart in ascii format. using the umls metathesaurus knowledge sources, chartline can suggest bibliographic references relevant to the patient case described in the chart. the program does not attempt to "understand" the natural language content of t ...	2006	1483014
[response of polymorphonuclear neutrophils to monosodium urate crystals: production of oxygen free radicals].		2006	3013256
role of schwann cells in periaxonal ion regulation in the squid.		2006	2816437
role of schwann cells in periaxonal ion regulation in the squid.		2006	2816437
[therapy of chronic heart failure with vasodilators].	the chronic heart insufficiency is essentially characterized by a disturbed regulative function of the peripheral circulation. these processes taking place within efforts for compensation close the chain of the vicious circle. the vasodilators with their different principles of effect affect in various places of the vegetative nervous system up to the smooth musculature of the vessels and modulate the peripheral part of the cardiovascular system. via a changed behaviour of the impedance also wit ...	2006	2870591
thromboelastogram fails to predict postoperative hemorrhage in cardiac patients.	to determine the clinical usefulness of the thromboelastogram in the prediction of postoperative hemorrhage in cardiac patients, we related the results of routine coagulation tests (rcts) and thromboelastography with the amount of chest tube drainage postoperatively in 101 patients requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. our data indicated that there was no correlation between rct results and thromboelastographic variables. no single variable of rcts and thromboelastography correlated well with the am ...	2006	1540061
[therapy of chronic heart failure with vasodilators].	the chronic heart insufficiency is essentially characterized by a disturbed regulative function of the peripheral circulation. these processes taking place within efforts for compensation close the chain of the vicious circle. the vasodilators with their different principles of effect affect in various places of the vegetative nervous system up to the smooth musculature of the vessels and modulate the peripheral part of the cardiovascular system. via a changed behaviour of the impedance also wit ...	2006	2870591
the antiphospholipid antibody dilemma.		2007	2168305
role of ceramide as a lipid mediator of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3-induced hl-60 cell differentiation.	the treatment of hl-60 myelocytic leukemia cells with 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 (1,25-(oh)2d3) resulted in the activation of a neutral sphingomyelinase and in sphingomyelin turnover (okazaki, t., bell, r., and hannun, y. (1989) j. biol. chem. 264, 19076-19080). in this paper, the effects of 1,25-(oh)2d3 on the product of sphingomyelin hydrolysis, ceramide, and the possible function of ceramide as a lipid mediator of the effects of 1,25-(oh)2d3 on hl-60 cell differentiation were investigated ...	2007	2394750