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emergence and spread of ndm-1 producer enterobacteriaceae with contribution of incx3 plasmids in the united arab emirates.among 28 clinically relevant, carbapenem non-susceptible enterobacteriaceae isolates collected in 2009-2011 in the united arab emirates three klebsiella pneumoniae, two escherichia coli, one enterobacter cloacae and one citrobacter freundi were identified to produce ndm-1 carbapenemase. unexpectedly, with the exception of a k. pneumoniae strain, sequence type st11, originally acquired in india and subsequently spread nosocomially in the uae, the majority of the strains could not be directly link ...201323579399
denitrification of industrial wastewater: influence of glycerol addition on metabolic activity and community shifts in a microbial consortium.the wastewater originating from explosives manufacturing plants are characterized by a high concentration of nitrates (3200mgnl(-1)), sulfates (1470mgl(-1)) and low ph (1.5) as well as the presence of organic compounds, such as nitroglycerin (1.9mgl(-1)) and nitroglycol (4.8mgl(-1)). the application of glycerol (c/n=3) at such a high concentration enabled complete removal of nitrates and did not cause the anaerobic glycerol metabolic pathway of the dnc4 consortium to activate, as confirmed by th ...201324161581
2d/3d/4d contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography in the diagnosis and monitoring of treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children - can it replace voiding cystourethrography?vesicoureteral reflux appears in 20-50% of pediatric patients with recurrent urinary tract infections. the most common method of diagnosing this disease is voiding cystourethrography. however, contemporary pediatric radiology does not favor this method due to exposure to x-radiation.201326674600
updated molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-non-susceptible escherichia coli in taiwan: first identification of kpc-2 or ndm-1-producing e. coli in taiwan.the global spread and increasing incidence of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae have resulted in treatment and public health concerns. here, we present an investigation of the molecular mechanisms and clonality of carbapenem-non-susceptible escherichia coli (cnsec) based on a nationwide survey in taiwan.201324354657
parental transfer of the antimicrobial protein lbp/bpi protects biomphalaria glabrata eggs against oomycete infections.vertebrate females transfer antibodies via the placenta, colostrum and milk or via the egg yolk to protect their immunologically immature offspring against pathogens. this evolutionarily important transfer of immunity is poorly documented in invertebrates and basic questions remain regarding the nature and extent of parental protection of offspring. in this study, we show that a lipopolysaccharide binding protein/bactericidal permeability increasing protein family member from the invertebrate bi ...201324367257
aerobic microbial community of insectary population of phlebotomus papatasi.microbes particularly bacteria presenting in the gut of haematophagous insects may have an important role in the epidemiology of human infectious disease.201325629067
aerobic microbial community of insectary population of phlebotomus papatasi.microbes particularly bacteria presenting in the gut of haematophagous insects may have an important role in the epidemiology of human infectious disease.201325629067
prevalence and antibiotic resistance of gram-negative pathogenic bacteria species isolated from periplaneta americana and blattella germanica in varanasi, india.cockroaches are among the medically important pests found within the human habitations that cause serious public health problems. they may harbor a number of pathogenic bacteria on the external surface with antibiotic resistance. hence, they are regarded as major microbial vectors. this study investigates the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of gram-negative pathogenic bacteria species isolated from periplaneta americana and blattella germanica in varanasi, india.201325629061
prevalence and antibiotic resistance of gram-negative pathogenic bacteria species isolated from periplaneta americana and blattella germanica in varanasi, india.cockroaches are among the medically important pests found within the human habitations that cause serious public health problems. they may harbor a number of pathogenic bacteria on the external surface with antibiotic resistance. hence, they are regarded as major microbial vectors. this study investigates the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of gram-negative pathogenic bacteria species isolated from periplaneta americana and blattella germanica in varanasi, india.201325629061
architecture and function of metallopeptidase catalytic domains.the cleavage of peptide bonds by metallopeptidases (mps) is essential for life. these ubiquitous enzymes participate in all major physiological processes, and so their deregulation leads to diseases ranging from cancer and metastasis, inflammation, and microbial infection to neurological insults and cardiovascular disorders. mps cleave their substrates without a covalent intermediate in a single-step reaction involving a solvent molecule, a general base/acid, and a mono- or dinuclear catalytic m ...201324596965
architecture and function of metallopeptidase catalytic domains.the cleavage of peptide bonds by metallopeptidases (mps) is essential for life. these ubiquitous enzymes participate in all major physiological processes, and so their deregulation leads to diseases ranging from cancer and metastasis, inflammation, and microbial infection to neurological insults and cardiovascular disorders. mps cleave their substrates without a covalent intermediate in a single-step reaction involving a solvent molecule, a general base/acid, and a mono- or dinuclear catalytic m ...201324596965
determination of baseline widal titres amongst apparently healthy blood donors in ahmednagar, maharashtra, india.enteric fever is endemic in all parts of india. the widal agglutination test is widely used for its diagnosis. but the interpretation of widal test depends upon the baseline titre which is prevalent amongst healthy individuals in a particular geographical area.201324551619
blakpc gene detection in clinical isolates of carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae in a tertiary care hospital.carbapenem resistance among enterobacteriaceae, especially in klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli, is an emerging problem worldwide. a common mechanism of carbapenem resistance is the production of class-a, klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (kpc).201324551626
microbial fingerprinting detects intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in zebrafish models with chemically-induced enterocolitis.inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) involves a breakdown in interactions between the host immune response and the resident commensal microbiota. recent studies have suggested gut physiology and pathology relevant to human ibd can be rapidly modeled in zebrafish larvae. the aim of this study was to investigate the dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota in zebrafish models with ibd-like enterocolitis using culture-independent techniques.201324325678
community-acquired diarrhea among children and adults in urban settings in senegal: clinical, epidemiological and microbiological aspects.only limited data are available relating to the etiology of diarrhea in children and adults in senegal. the aim of this prospective study was to describe the epidemiology and etiology of community-acquired diarrheal infections in children and adults living in urban settings.201324321175
rates of fecal transmission of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing and carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae among patients in intensive care units in korea.we investigated the rates of fecal transmission of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae (esbl-e) and carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) among patients admitted to intensive care units (icus).201324422191
rates of fecal transmission of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing and carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae among patients in intensive care units in korea.we investigated the rates of fecal transmission of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae (esbl-e) and carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) among patients admitted to intensive care units (icus).201324422191
infections in children with down syndrome and acute myeloid leukemia: a report from the canadian infections in aml research group.children with down syndrome (ds) are at high risk of infectious toxicity when treated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia chemotherapy protocols optimized in children without ds. our objective was to determine if children with ds and acute myeloid leukemia (aml) have a different risk of infection when treated with chemotherapy protocols developed for children with ds compared to aml treatment protocols developed for children without ds.201324289042
cd4+ t cells drive goblet cell depletion during citrobacter rodentium infection.both idiopathic and infectious forms of colitis disrupt normal intestinal epithelial cell (iec) proliferation and differentiation, although the mechanisms involved remain unclear. recently, we demonstrated that infection by the attaching and effacing murine pathogen citrobacter rodentium leads to a significant reduction in colonic goblet cell numbers (goblet cell depletion). this pathology depends on t and/or b cells, as rag1(-/-) mice do not suffer this depletion during infection, instead suffe ...201324101690
carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae in spain in 2012.we report the epidemiological impact of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) in spain in 2012. of the 237 carbapenemases detected, 163 were from the oxa-48 group, 60 were from vim-1, 8 were from kpc-2, 5 were from imp, and 1 was from ndm-1. interhospital spread of carbapenemase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae was due to a limited number of multilocus sequence types (mlst) and carbapenemase types, including st15-vim-1, st11-oxa-48, st405-oxa-48, st101-kpc-2, and st11-vim-1. the number ...201324041898
characteristics of cefotaxime-resistant escherichia coli from wild birds in the netherlands.cloacal swabs from carcasses of dutch wild birds obtained in 2010 and 2011 were selectively cultured on media with cefotaxime to screen for the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)/ampc-producing escherichia coli. subsequently, all cefotaxime-resistant e. coli isolates were tested by broth microdilution and microarray. the presence of esbl/ampc and coexisting plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) genes was confirmed by pcr and sequencing. to determine the size of plasmids and ...201324038683
functional verification of computationally predicted qnr genes.the quinolone resistance (qnr) genes are widely distributed among bacteria. we recently developed and applied probabilistic models to identify tentative novel qnr genes in large public collections of dna sequence data including fragmented metagenomes.201324257207
shaking chills and high body temperature predict bacteremia especially among elderly patients.the difference in predictors of bacteremia between elderly and non-elderly patients is unclear despite the aging of society. the objective was to determine predictors of bacteremia among elderly patients aged 80 years and older compared to non-elderly patients aged 18 to 79 years.201324298435
are drought-resistance promoting bacteria cross-compatible with different plant models?the association between plant and plant growth promoting bacteria (pgpb) contributes to the successful thriving of plants in extreme environments featured by water shortage. we have recently shown that, with respect to the non-cultivated desert soil, the rhizosphere of pepper plants cultivated under desert farming hosts pgpb communities that are endowed with a large portfolio of pgp traits. pepper plants exposed to bacterial isolates from plants cultivated under desert farming exhibited a higher ...201324270625
synthesis, characterization, and bioactivity of schiff bases and their cd(2+), zn(2+), cu(2+), and ni(2+) complexes derived from chloroacetophenone isomers with s-benzyldithiocarbazate and the x-ray crystal structure of s-benzyl- β -n-(4-chlorophenyl)methylenedithiocarbazate.two bidentate schiff base ligands having nitrogen sulphur donor sequence were derived from the condensation of s-benzyldithiocarbazate (sbdtc) with 2-chloroacetophenone and 4-chloroacetophenone to give s-benzyl- β -n-(2-chlorophenyl)methylenedithiocarbazate (ns2) and s-benzyl- β -n-(4-chlorophenyl)methylenedithiocarbazate (ns4) isomers. each of the ligands was then chelated with cd(2+), zn(2+), cu(2+), and ni(2+). the compounds were characterized via ir spectroscopy and melting point while the s ...201324319401
presence of esbl/ampc-producing escherichia coli in the broiler production pyramid: a descriptive study.broilers and broiler meat products are highly contaminated with extended spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) or plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamase producing escherichia coli and are considered to be a source for human infections. both horizontal and vertical transmission might play a role in the presence of these strains in broilers. as not much is known about the presence of these strains in the whole production pyramid, the epidemiology of esbl/ampc-producing e. coli in the dutch broiler producti ...201324244401
molecular detection of culture-confirmed bacterial bloodstream infections with limited enrichment time.conventional blood culturing using automated instrumentation with phenotypic identification requires a significant amount of time to generate results. this study investigated the speed and accuracy of results generated using pcr and pyrosequencing compared to the time required to obtain gram stain results and final culture identification for cases of culture-confirmed bloodstream infections. research and physician-ordered blood cultures were drawn concurrently. aliquots of the incubating researc ...201323985915
a synthetic system for expression of components of a bacterial microcompartment.in general, prokaryotes are considered to be single-celled organisms that lack internal membrane-bound organelles. however, many bacteria produce proteinaceous microcompartments that serve a similar purpose, i.e. to concentrate specific enzymic reactions together or to shield the wider cytoplasm from toxic metabolic intermediates. in this paper, a synthetic operon encoding the key structural components of a microcompartment was designed based on the genes for the salmonella propanediol utilizati ...201324014666
rapid sample processing for detection of food-borne pathogens via cross-flow microfiltration.this paper reports an approach to enable rapid concentration and recovery of bacterial cells from aqueous chicken homogenates as a preanalytical step of detection. this approach includes biochemical pretreatment and prefiltration of food samples and development of an automated cell concentration instrument based on cross-flow microfiltration. a polysulfone hollow-fiber membrane module having a nominal pore size of 0.2 μm constitutes the core of the cell concentration instrument. the aqueous chic ...201324014538
involvement of mutation in ampd i, mrca, and at least one additional gene in β-lactamase hyperproduction in stenotrophomonas maltophilia.it has been reported that targeted disruption of ampd i or mrca causes β-lactamase hyperproduction in stenotrophomonas maltophilia. we show here that β-lactamase-hyperproducing laboratory selected mutants and clinical isolates can have wild-type ampd i and mrca genes, implicating mutation of at least one additional gene in this phenotype. the involvement of mutations at multiple loci in the activation of β-lactamase production in s. maltophilia reveals that there are significant deviations from ...201323979761
highlights of the dna cutters: a short history of the restriction enzymes.in the early 1950's, 'host-controlled variation in bacterial viruses' was reported as a non-hereditary phenomenon: one cycle of viral growth on certain bacterial hosts affected the ability of progeny virus to grow on other hosts by either restricting or enlarging their host range. unlike mutation, this change was reversible, and one cycle of growth in the previous host returned the virus to its original form. these simple observations heralded the discovery of the endonuclease and methyltransfer ...201324141096
highlights of the dna cutters: a short history of the restriction enzymes.in the early 1950's, 'host-controlled variation in bacterial viruses' was reported as a non-hereditary phenomenon: one cycle of viral growth on certain bacterial hosts affected the ability of progeny virus to grow on other hosts by either restricting or enlarging their host range. unlike mutation, this change was reversible, and one cycle of growth in the previous host returned the virus to its original form. these simple observations heralded the discovery of the endonuclease and methyltransfer ...201324141096
the mucosal immune system of fish: the evolution of tolerating commensals while fighting pathogens.the field of mucosal immunology research has grown fast over the past few years, and our understanding on how mucosal surfaces respond to complex antigenic cocktails is expanding tremendously. with the advent of new molecular sequencing techniques, it is easier to understand how the immune system of vertebrates is, to a great extent, orchestrated by the complex microbial communities that live in symbiosis with their hosts. the commensal microbiota is now seen as the "extended self" by many scien ...201324099804
non-phenotypic tests to detect and characterize antibiotic resistance mechanisms in enterobacteriaceae.in the past 2 decades, we have observed a rapid increase of infections due to multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae. regrettably, these isolates possess genes encoding for extended-spectrum β-lactamases (e.g., blactx-m, blatem, blashv) or plasmid-mediated ampcs (e.g., blacmy) that confer resistance to last-generation cephalosporins. furthermore, other resistance traits against quinolones (e.g., mutations in gyra and parc, qnr elements) and aminoglycosides (e.g., aminoglycosides modifying enzyme ...201324091103
a case of emphysematous pyelonephritis induced by citrobacter freundii infection.a 79-year-old female with diabetes mellitus had general fatigue, a high fever and vomiting. a ct revealed acute emphysematous pyelonephritis (epn). a nephrectomy was performed on the 2(nd) hospital day. the results of the blood culture showed the presence of citrobacter freundii infection. the patient's post-operative course was uneventful. this case is the second reported case of epn induced by citrobacter freundii. bacteremia induced by citrobacter freundii infection typically results in a hig ...201324339664
infectious diarrhoea in antiretroviral therapy-naive hiv/aids patients in kenya.diarrhoea is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. the objectives of this study were to investigate the aetiological agents, risk factors and clinical features associated with diarrhoea in hiv/aids patients in kenya.201324026463
complete nucleotide sequence of a blakpc-harboring inci2 plasmid and its dissemination in new jersey and new york hospitals.klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (kpc)-producing k. pneumoniae strains have spread worldwide and become a significant public health threat. blakpc, the plasmid-borne kpc gene, was frequently identified on numerous transferable plasmids in different incompatibility replicon groups. here we report the complete nucleotide sequence of a novel blakpc-3-harboring inci2 plasmid, pbk15692, isolated from a multidrug-resistant k. pneumoniae st258 strain isolated from a new jersey hospital in 2005. pbk1 ...201323896467
molecular typing of ctx-m-producing escherichia coli isolates from environmental water, swine feces, specimens from healthy humans, and human patients.ctx-m-producing escherichia coli is the predominant type of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing e. coli worldwide. in this study, molecular typing was conducted for 139 ctx-m-producing e. coli isolates, phenotypically positive for esbls, isolated from environmental water, swine, healthy humans, and hospitalized patients in hangzhou, china. the antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates for the cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones were determined. the isolates showed 100% resistance ...201323892737
intestinal agvhd and infection after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.we aimed to guide clinical nursing by studying the relationship between intestinal acute graft-versus-host disease and intestinal infection after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.201324077343
correlations between microbiological outcomes and clinical responses in patients with severe pneumonia.in treatment of pneumonia, microorganisms sometimes persist, appear or reappear despite good clinical responses. on the other hand, recent increasing antibiotic resistance emphases the goal of rapid eradication of pathogen in severe infection. this study was planned to evaluate the correlations between microbiological outcomes and clinical responses in severe pneumonia.201324396629
emphysematous pyelonephritis caused by citrobacter freundii in a patient with type 2 diabetes and neurogenic bladder.emphysematous pyelonephritis (epn) is a rare, life-threatening complication of upper urinary tract infections that is characterized by the presence of gas in the renal parenchyma and perirenal space. it commonly occurs in diabetic patients. escherichia coli are the most common causative organisms, with few reports implicating citrobacter freundii as the etiologic agent in epn. a 57-year-old woman with diabetes and neurogenic bladder visited at our department with confused mentality, myalgia, and ...201324396635
membrane partitioning of the pore-forming domain of colicin a. role of the hydrophobic helical hairpin.the colicins are bacteriocins that target escherichia coli and kill bacterial cells through different mechanisms. colicin a forms ion channels in the inner membranes of nonimmune bacteria. this activity resides exclusively in its c-terminal fragment (residues 387-592). the soluble free form of this domain is a 10 α-helix bundle. the hydrophobic helical hairpin, h8-h9, is buried inside the structure and shielded by eight amphipathic surface helices. the interaction of the c-terminal colicin a dom ...201324047995
isolation of streptococcus agalactiae and an aquatic birnavirus from doctor fish garra rufa l.the doctor fish, garra rufa, has become increasingly popular as a treatment for skin disorders and for pedicures in recent years. despite this there is very little information available regarding the welfare of these fish and the range of potential pathogens they may carry. in this study, a group of fish suffering from post-transport mortalities were examined and the isolated pathogens identified.201324028334
a broader view: microbial enzymes and their relevance in industries, medicine, and beyond.enzymes are the large biomolecules that are required for the numerous chemical interconversions that sustain life. they accelerate all the metabolic processes in the body and carry out a specific task. enzymes are highly efficient, which can increase reaction rates by 100 million to 10 billion times faster than any normal chemical reaction. due to development in recombinant technology and protein engineering, enzymes have evolved as an important molecule that has been widely used in different in ...201324106701
oxa-181 beta lactamase is not a major mediator of carbapenem resistance in enterobacteriaceae.detection of carbapenem hydrolyzing class d beta lactamase oxa-181, (a variant of oxa-48) in enterobacteriaceae, is important, to institute appropriate therapy and to initiate preventive measures. this study was done to determine the presence of oxa 48 and its derivative oxa-181 in enterobacteriaceae of pathogenic significance.201324179916
prevalence of antibiotic-resistant e. coli in retail chicken: comparing conventional, organic, kosher, and raised without antibiotics.retail poultry products are known sources of antibiotic-resistant escherichia coli, a major human health concern. consumers have a range of choices for poultry, including conventional, organic, kosher, and raised without antibiotics (rwa) - designations that are perceived to indicate differences in quality and safety. however, whether these categories vary in the frequency of contamination with antibiotic-resistant e. coli is unknown. we examined the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant e. coli on ...201324555073
isolation and characterization of leucine dehydrogenase from a thermophilic citrobacter freundii jk-91strain isolated from jask port.leucine dehydrogenase (leudh; ec 1.4.1.9) belongs to the amino acid dehydrogenase family and isused as a biocatalyst in medical and pharmaceutical industries (1). this study reported deals with the isolation and characterization of leudh from a thermophilic bacterium isolated from jask port in the province of hormozgan.201324475337
evaluation of a liquid-phase colorimetric method for rapid antibacterial susceptibility testing.early determination of antibacterial susceptibility increases the success of therapy, decreases unnecessary use of antibacterial agents and side-effects, and lowers the overall healthcare cost.201324475333
holocord abscess in association with congenital dermal sinus.intramedullary spinal cord abscess in children is rare and holocord abscess is rarer. an 18-month-old girl presented with rapidly progressive paraplegia with fever for 2 months. the patient had complete flaccid paraplegia with absent sensation below d4 level. there was very small dermal sinus discharging pus in the lower lumbar region. magnetic resonance imaging showed evidence of extensive multiloculated intramedullary abscess extending from d4 to l5 with cord edema upto cervical level. laminot ...201324470811
asymptomatic bacteriuria in diabetes mellitus patients in southwest cameroon.asymptomatic bacteriuria (asb) is common in diabetics and predisposes these patients to more severe urinary tract infections (utis). reports on the prevalence and etiology of asb especially in developing countries appear contradictory.201324250304
chronic ulcers: matriderm(®) system in smoker, cardiopathic, and diabetic patients.diabetic ulcers and pressure ulcers represent a more frequent cause of chronic wounds in aging populations. it is estimated that approximately 15% of the diabetic population will develop diabetic ulcers during their life and over half of these patients develop an infection, often osteomyelitis, with 20% requiring amputation. the authors report a case of a 65-year-old woman affected by a post-traumatic loss of substance due to road accidents with soft tissue exposure (comprising muscle tendon) of ...201324020011
attenuation of fibroblast growth factor signaling by poly-n-acetyllactosamine type glycans.fibroblast growth factors (fgfs) and their receptors are expressed in a variety of mammalian tissues, playing a role in development and cell proliferation. while analyzing human sperm motility, we found that sperm treated with endo-β-galactosidase (ebg), which specifically hydrolyzes poly-n-acetyllactosamine type glycans (polylacs), enhanced motility. mass spectrometry analysis revealed that sperm-associated polylacs are heavily fucosylated, consistent with lewis y antigen. immunohistochemistry ...201323968720
the anti-shigellosis activity of the methanol extract of picralima nitida on shigella dysenteriae type i induced diarrhoea in rats.picralima nitida stapf (apocynaceae) is a medicinal plant used traditionally in cameroon to cure various ailments such as gastrointestinal disorders and dysentery. this study reports the in vitro and in vivo anti-shigellosis activity of the methanol extract of this plant on rats.201323957940
resistant gram-negative infections in the outpatient setting in latin america.latin america has a high rate of community-associated infections caused by multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae relative to other world regions. a review of the literature over the last 10 years indicates that urinary tract infections (utis) by escherichia coli, and intra-abdominal infections (iais) by e. coli and klebsiella pneumoniae, were characterized by high rates of resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, quinolones, and second-generation cephalosporins, and by low levels of resista ...201323924513
update on hemolytic uremic syndrome: diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations.hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) is a rare disease. in this work the authors review the recent findings on hus, considering the different etiologic and pathogenetic classifications. new findings in genetics and, in particular, mutations of genes that encode the complement-regulatory proteins have improved our understanding of atypical hus. similarly, the complement proteins are clearly involved in all types of thrombotic microangiopathy: typical hus, atypical hus and thrombotic thrombocytopenic p ...201324255888
resistance and inactivation kinetics of bacterial strains isolated from the non-chlorinated and chlorinated effluents of a wwtp.the microbiological quality of water from a wastewater treatment plant that uses sodium hypochlorite as a disinfectant was assessed. mesophilic aerobic bacteria were not removed efficiently. this fact allowed for the isolation of several bacterial strains from the effluents. molecular identification indicated that the strains were related to aeromonas hydrophila, escherichia coli (three strains), enterobacter cloacae, kluyvera cryocrescens (three strains), kluyvera intermedia, citrobacter freund ...201323924881
identification of lactobacillus strains with probiotic features from the bottlenose dolphin (tursiops truncatus).in order to develop complementary health management strategies for marine mammals, we used culture-based and culture-independent approaches to identify gastrointestinal lactobacilli of the common bottlenose dolphin, tursiops truncatus.201323855505
extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae among travelers from the netherlands.a prospective cohort study was performed among travelers from the netherlands to investigate the acquisition of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cp-e) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (esbl-e) and associated risk factors. questionnaires were administered and rectal swab samples were collected and tested before and after traveler return. of 370 travelers, 32 (8.6%) were colonized with esbl-e before trave,; 113 (30.5%) acquired an esbl-e during travel, and ...201323885972
antibiotic trapping by plasmid-encoded cmy-2 β-lactamase combined with reduced outer membrane permeability as a mechanism of carbapenem resistance in escherichia coli.a liver transplant patient was admitted with cholangitis, for which meropenem therapy was started. initial cultures showed a carbapenem-susceptible (cs) escherichia coli strain, but during admission, a carbapenem-resistant (cr) e. coli strain was isolated. analysis of the outer membrane protein profiles showed that both cs and cr e. coli lacked the porins ompf and ompc. furthermore, pcr and sequence analysis revealed that both cs and cr e. coli possessed bla(ctx-m-15) and bla(oxa-1). the cr e. c ...201323733461
characterization of a new blaoxa-48-carrying plasmid in enterobacteriaceae.in this work, we characterized a new, 160-kb, blaoxa-48-harboring incl/m-type plasmid isolated from a klebsiella pneumoniae strain from france. moreover, we report the transfer of a 60-kb oxa-48-encoding plasmid from klebsiella pneumoniae to other enterobacteriaceae in two patients.201323733457
septic shock caused by klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing enterobacter gergoviae in a neutropenic patient with leukemia.we present the first reported infection caused by klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (kpc)-producing enterobacter gergoviae. the patient had leukemia and neutropenia and died of septic shock from kpc-producing e. gergoviae bacteremia. the emergence of kpcs in additional species of enterobacteriaceae is alarming and may disproportionately affect patients with hematologic malignancies.201323761145
complete genes may pass from food to human blood.our bloodstream is considered to be an environment well separated from the outside world and the digestive tract. according to the standard paradigm large macromolecules consumed with food cannot pass directly to the circulatory system. during digestion proteins and dna are thought to be degraded into small constituents, amino acids and nucleic acids, respectively, and then absorbed by a complex active process and distributed to various parts of the body through the circulation system. here, bas ...201323936105
assessment of the relationship between bacteriological quality of dug-wells, hygiene behaviour and well characteristics in two cholera endemic localities in douala, cameroon.access to potable water is grossly inadequate in douala-cameroon. the situation is worse in slum areas, compelling inhabitants to obtain water from sources of doubtful quality. this has contributed to frequent outbreaks of water-borne diseases particularly cholera, which results in severe morbidity and mortality. shallow wells are a major source of water in these areas. we analyzed the influence of some factors on the bacteriological quality of well water in bepanda and new bell, cholera endemic ...201323895357
cloning, expression, purification and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of a novel ab₅ toxin.ab₅ toxins are key virulence factors found in a range of pathogenic bacteria. ab₅ toxins consist of two components: a pentameric b subunit that targets eukaryotic cells by binding to glycans located on the cell surface and a catalytic a subunit that disrupts host cellular function following internalization. to date, the a subunits of ab₅ toxins either have rna-n-glycosidase, adp-ribosyltransferase or serine protease activity. however, it has been suggested that a novel ab₅ toxin produced by clin ...201323908042
pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in patients with liver cirrhosis: a comparison with bacteremia caused by enterobacteriaceae.this study was performed to detect risk factors for pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in patients with liver cirrhosis.201323870005
parkia speciosa hassk.: a potential phytomedicine.parkia speciosa hassk., or stink bean, is a plant indigenous to southeast asia. it is consumed either raw or cooked. it has been used in folk medicine to treat diabetes, hypertension, and kidney problems. it contains minerals and vitamins. it displays many beneficial properties. its extracts from the empty pods and seeds have a high content of total polyphenol, phytosterol, and flavonoids. it demonstrates a good antioxidant activity. its hypoglycemic effect is reported to be attributable to the ...201323956777
the new species enterobacter oryziphilus sp. nov. and enterobacter oryzendophyticus sp. nov. are key inhabitants of the endosphere of rice.six independent gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming, nitrogen-fixing rod-shaped isolates were obtained from the root endosphere of rice grown at the international rice research institute (irri) and investigated in a polyphasic taxonomic study.201323865888
reaction products and the x-ray structure of ampdh2, a virulence determinant of pseudomonas aeruginosa.the zinc protease ampdh2 is a virulence determinant of pseudomonas aeruginosa, a problematic human pathogen. the mechanism of how the protease manifests virulence is not known, but it is known that it turns over the bacterial cell wall. the reaction of ampdh2 with the cell wall was investigated, and nine distinct turnover products were characterized by lc/ms/ms. the enzyme turns over both the cross-linked and noncross-linked cell wall. three high-resolution x-ray structures, the apo enzyme and t ...201323819763
citrobacter peritoneal dialysis peritonitis: rare occurrence with poor outcomes.non-pseudomonas gram-negative bacteria are responsible for an increasing proportion of cases of peritoneal dialysis (pd)-related peritonitis. the role of citrobacter species in the etiology of pd-related peritonitis is often underestimated. in the present study, we aimed to describe the clinical features, laboratory findings, and short- and long-term outcomes in pd-related peritonitis caused by citrobacter.201323869184
mascara induced milphosis, an etiological evaluation.eyelashes play an important role in one's personality and builds confidence. now-a- days, mascaras are used very commonly as an eye cosmetic. mascara induced loss of eyelashes has been evaluated in this study.201324574694
rapid molecular microbiologic diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection.we previously showed that culture of samples obtained by prosthesis vortexing and sonication was more sensitive than tissue culture for prosthetic joint infection (pji) diagnosis. despite improved sensitivity, culture-negative cases remained; furthermore, culture has a long turnaround time. we designed a genus-/group-specific rapid pcr assay panel targeting pji bacteria and applied it to samples obtained by vortexing and sonicating explanted hip and knee prostheses, and we compared the results t ...201323658273
klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae testing susceptible to cefepime by reference methods.β-lactam susceptibility of 499 klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (kpc)-producing enterobacteriaceae, determined by reference broth microdilution, demonstrated that 14.4% of isolates were categorized as cefepime susceptible according to current clsi breakpoints. ceftazidime- and meropenem-susceptible isolates were also observed (2.6 and 3.0%, respectively). cefepime-susceptible kpc-producing isolates may confuse laboratory staff and clinicians in their therapeutic choices.201323616458
dynamics of cathode-associated microbial communities and metabolite profiles in a glycerol-fed bioelectrochemical system.electrical current can be used to supply reducing power to microbial metabolism. this phenomenon is typically studied in pure cultures with added redox mediators to transfer charge. here, we investigate the development of a current-fed mixed microbial community fermenting glycerol at the cathode of a bioelectrochemical system in the absence of added mediators and identify correlations between microbial diversity and the respective product outcomes. within 1 week of inoculation, a citrobacter pop ...201323603684
distribution of extended-spectrum β-lactamases, ampc β-lactamases, and carbapenemases among enterobacteriaceae isolates causing intra-abdominal infections in the asia-pacific region: results of the study for monitoring antimicrobial resistance trends (smart).the increasing trend of β-lactam resistance among enterobacteriaceae is a worldwide threat. enterobacteriaceae isolates causing intra-abdominal infections (iai) from the study for monitoring antimicrobial resistance trends (smart) collected in 2008 and 2009 from the asia-pacific region were investigated. detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls), ampc β-lactamases, and carbapenemases was performed by multiplex pcr. a total of 699 enterobacteriaceae isolates with positive genotypic resu ...201323587958
the protective role of endogenous bacterial communities in chironomid egg masses and larvae.insects of the family chironomidae, also known as chironomids, are distributed worldwide in a variety of water habitats. these insects display a wide range of tolerance toward metals and organic pollutions. bacterial species known for their ability to degrade toxicants were identified from chironomid egg masses, leading to the hypothesis that bacteria may contribute to the survival of chironomids in polluted environments. to gain a better understanding of the bacterial communities that inhabit c ...201323804150
community acquisition of β-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae in neonatal gut.commensal flora constitutes a reservoir of antibiotic resistance. the increasing variety of β-lactamases and the emergence of carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) in community, raise concerns regarding efficacy of β-lactams. it is important to know the exact load of antibiotic resistance in the absence of any antibiotic selection pressure including via food and water.in the present study gut colonization in neonates with no direct antibiotic pressure was used as a model to evaluate β-la ...201323773627
carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriacae among internal medicine patients in switzerland.the incidence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing-enterobacteriacae (esbl-e) infection is rising worldwide. we aimed to determine the prevalence and nosocomial acquisition rate of esbl-e as well as the risk factors for esbl-e carriage and acquisition amongst patients consecutively admitted to 13 internal medicine units at our hospital who were not previously known to be esbl-e carriers.201323759067
differential distribution of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in clinical enterobacteria with unusual phenotypes of quinolone susceptibility from argentina.we studied a collection of 105 clinical enterobacteria with unusual phenotypes of quinolone susceptibility to analyze the occurrence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) and oqx genes and their implications for quinolone susceptibility. the oqxa and oqxb genes were found in 31/34 (91%) klebsiella pneumoniae and 1/3 klebsiella oxytoca isolates. however, the oqxa- and oqxb-harboring isolates lacking other known quinolone resistance determinants showed wide ranges of susceptibility to na ...201323478955
use of faropenem as an indicator of carbapenemase activity in the enterobacteriaceae.the aim of this study was to determine the ability of a disc susceptibility test using faropenem (10 μg) to predict carbapenemase activity in enterobacteriaceae. a collection of 166 isolates of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) and 82 isolates of enterobacteriaceae that produced other β-lactamases was compiled from diverse sources. disc susceptibility testing was performed using the clsi/eucast methodology with discs of faropenem (10 μg), temocillin (30 μg), and four carbapenems ( ...201323576544
development of a dna microarray for molecular identification of all 46 salmonella o serogroups.salmonella is a major cause of food-borne disease in many countries. serotype determination of salmonella is important for disease assessment, infection control, and epidemiological surveillance. in this study, a microarray system that targets the o antigen-specific genes was developed for simultaneously detecting and identifying all 46 salmonella o serogroups. of these, 40 serogroups can be confidently identified, and the remaining 6, in three pairs (serogroups o67 and b, e1 and e4, and a and d ...201323524674
epidemiology of multidrug-resistant microorganisms among nursing home residents in belgium.a national survey was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing enterobacteriaceae (esble) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) among nursing home residents in belgium.201323738011
the epidemiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia in a network of community hospitals: a prospective multicenter study.to describe the epidemiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) in community hospitals.201323739068
outcomes of peritonitis in children on peritoneal dialysis: a 25-year experience at severance hospital.relatively little is known on the microbiology, risk factors and outcomes of peritoneal dialysis (pd)-associated peritonitis in korean children. we performed this study in order to evaluate the incidence, treatment and clinical outcomes of peritonitis in pediatric pd patients at severance hospital.201323709435
the need for culture swabs in laparoscopically treated appendicitis.appendicitis remains the most common cause of an acute abdomen. obtaining intra-abdominal cultures is routine surgical practice. there are studies showing no efficacy of such procedures in cases where open appendectomies are performed.201324501600
prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria from milkmen and cows with clinical mastitis in and around kampala, uganda.identification of pathogens associated with bovine mastitis is helpful in treatment and management decisions. however, such data from sub-saharan africa is scarce. here we describe the distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of bacteria from cows with clinical mastitis in kampala, uganda. due to high concern of zoonotic infections, isolates from milkmen are also described.201323667611
a high-throughput antibody-based microarray typing platform.many rapid methods have been developed for screening foods for the presence of pathogenic microorganisms. rapid methods that have the additional ability to identify microorganisms via multiplexed immunological recognition have the potential for classification or typing of microbial contaminants thus facilitating epidemiological investigations that aim to identify outbreaks and trace back the contamination to its source. this manuscript introduces a novel, high throughput typing platform that emp ...201323645110
fever without source in infants and young children: dilemma in diagnosis and management.there is controversy surrounding the management of young children who have a fever without a source (fws). several strategies have been designed with the purpose of managing children with fws.201323766664
fulminant sepsis after liver biopsy: a long forgotten complication?we report on a 74-year-old patient with recurrent cholangitis and a large juxtapapillary duodenal diverticulum. despite drainage of the common bile duct by an endoscopically placed stent, the elevated liver enzymes normalized only partially. to rule out other possible causes of liver injury, a percutaneous liver biopsy was done. after the liver biopsy the patient developed fulminant septic shock and died within 24 h. we discuss the possible causes of the septic shock following percutaneous liver ...201324303461
clustering of antimicrobial resistance outbreaks across bacterial species in the intensive care unit.there are frequent reports of intensive care unit (icu) outbreaks due to transmission of particular antibiotic-resistant bacteria. less is known about the burden of outbreaks of resistance due to horizontal transfer of mobile genetic elements between species. moreover, the potential of existing statistical software as a preliminary means for detecting such events has never been assessed. this study uses a software package to determine the burden of species and resistance outbreaks in 2 adjacent ...201323549524
modified hodge test versus indirect carbapenemase test: prospective evaluation of a phenotypic assay for detection of klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (kpc) in enterobacteriaceae.the currently recommended phenotypic test for the detection of carbapenemase-producing members of the family enterobacteriaceae is the modified hodge test (mht). however, the mht lacks specificity. here we demonstrate an alternative phenotypic test, the indirect carbapenemase test, for the detection of blakpc-producing isolates that has specificity superior to that of the mht for non-klebsiella enterobacteriaceae.201323390272
n152g, -s, and -t substitutions in cmy-2 β-lactamase increase catalytic efficiency for cefoxitin and inactivation rates for tazobactam.class c cephalosporinases are a growing threat, and clinical inhibitors of these enzymes are currently unavailable. previous studies have explored the role of asn152 in the escherichia coli ampc and p99 enzymes and have suggested that interactions between c-6' or c-7' substituents on penicillins or cephalosporins and asn152 are important in determining substrate specificity and enzymatic stability. we sought to characterize the role of asn152 in the clinically important cmy-2 cephalosporinase wi ...201323318801
phylogenetic analysis of chromosomally determined qnr and related proteins.qnr genes were discovered on plasmids by their ability to reduce quinolone susceptibility, but homologs can be found in the genomes of at least 92 gram-negative, gram-positive, and strictly anaerobic bacterial species. the related pentapeptide repeat protein-encoding mfpa gene is present in the genome of at least 19 species of mycobacterium and 10 other actinobacteria species. the native function of these genes is not yet known.201323318805
draft genome of the mountain pine beetle, dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins, a major forest pest.the mountain pine beetle, dendroctonus ponderosae hopkins, is the most serious insect pest of western north american pine forests. a recent outbreak destroyed more than 15 million hectares of pine forests, with major environmental effects on forest health, and economic effects on the forest industry. the outbreak has in part been driven by climate change, and will contribute to increased carbon emissions through decaying forests.201323537049
one-step green synthesis and characterization of leaf extract-mediated biocompatible silver and gold nanoparticles from memecylon umbellatum.in this experiment, green-synthesized silver and gold nanoparticles were produced rapidly by treating silver and gold ions with an extract of memecylon umbellatum leaf. the reaction process was simple and easy to handle, and was monitored using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. the effect of the phytochemicals present in m. umbellatum, including saponins, phenolic compounds, phytosterols, and quinones, on formation of stable silver and gold nanoparticles was investigated by fourier-transform inf ...201323569372
reactions of the three ampd enzymes of pseudomonas aeruginosa.a group of gram-negative bacteria, including the problematic pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa, has linked the steps in cell-wall recycling with the ability to manifest resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. a key step at the crossroads of the two events is performed by the protease ampd, which hydrolyzes the peptide in the metabolite that influences these events. in contrast to other organisms that harbor this elaborate system, the genomic sequences of p. aeruginosa reveal it to have three paralogou ...201323510438
emergence of carbapenemaseproducing klebsiella pneumoniae of sequence type 258 in michigan, usa.the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) in our hospital increased beginning in 2009. we aimed to study the clinical and molecular epidemiology of these emerging isolates. we performed a retrospective review of all adult patients with clinical cultures confirmed as cpe by positive modified hodge test from 5/2009- 5/2010 at the university of michigan health system (umhs). clinical information was obtained from electronic medical records. available cpe isolates were analy ...201324470956
detection of salmonella spp, salmonella enteritidis and typhimurium in naturally infected broiler chickens by a multiplex pcr-based assay.the presence of salmonella in the intestinal tract, on the chickens skin and among their feathers, may cause carcasses contamination during slaughtering and processing and possibly it is responsible by the introduction of this microorganism in the slaughterhouses. a rapid method to identify and monitor salmonella and their sorovars in farm is becoming necessary. a pre-enriched multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-pcr) assay employing specific primers was developed and used to detect salmonella ...201324159281
gut microbiota patterns associated with colonization of different clostridium difficile ribotypes.c. difficile infection is associated with disturbed gut microbiota and changes in relative frequencies and abundance of individual bacterial taxons have been described. in this study we have analysed bacterial, fungal and archaeal microbiota by denaturing high pressure liquid chromatography (dhplc) and with machine learning methods in 208 faecal samples from healthy volunteers and in routine samples with requested c. difficile testing. the latter were further divided according to stool consisten ...201323469128
are antibiotics necessary in hip arthroplasty with asymptomatic bacteriuria? seeding risk with/without treatment.in patients with asymptomatic bacteriuria undergoing hip arthroplasty, the risk of prosthetic joint infection (pji) and appropriateness of specific antibiotics are unclear.201323430723
complete genome of enterobacteriaceae bacterium strain fgi 57, a strain associated with leaf-cutter ant fungus gardens.the enterobacteriaceae bacterium strain fgi 57 was isolated from a fungus garden of the leaf-cutter ant atta colombica. analysis of its single 4.76-mbp chromosome will shed light on community dynamics and plant biomass degradation in ant fungus gardens.201323469353
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