Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| carbon and energy balances of glucose fermentation with hydrogenproducing bacterium citrobacter amalonaticus y19. | for the newly isolated h2-producing chemoheterotrophic bacterium citrobacter amalonaticus y19, anaerobic glucose metabolism was studied in batch cultivation at varying initial glucose concentrations (3.5- 9.5 g/l). the carbon-mass and energy balances were determined and utilized to analyze the carbon metabolic-pathways network. the analyses revealed (a) variable production of major metabolites (h2, ethanol, acetate, lactate, co2, and cell mass) depending on initial glucose levels; (b) influence ... | 2008 | 18388473 |
| diverse endophytic nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from wild rice oryza rufipogon and description of phytobacter diazotrophicus gen. nov. sp. nov. | twenty-three nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated from surface-sterilized stems and roots of wild rice oryza rufipogon. four clusters were defined among these bacteria by sds-page protein patterns and further confirmed by is-pcr finger-printing analysis. phylogenetic analysis of 16s rrna gene sequences showed that the representative strains ls 8 and ls 18 of cluster ii formed a monophyletic group sharing 94.0-97.3% similarities with defined enterobacterial species within the genera salmonella, ... | 2008 | 18060384 |
| assessment of microbial diversity in effluent treatment plants by culture dependent and culture independent approaches. | microbial community structure of two distinct effluent treatment plants (etps) of pesticide and pharmaceutical industries was assessed and defined by (i) culture dependent and culture independent approaches on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequencing, (ii) diversity index analysis - operational taxonomic units (otus). a total of 38 and 44 bacterial otus having 85-99% similarity with the closest match in the database were detected among pharmaceutical and pesticide sludge samples, respectively. fift ... | 2008 | 18280146 |
| antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts and five flavonoids from the twigs of dorstenia barteri (moraceae). | the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the crude extract of the twigs of dorstenia barteri (dbt) as well as that of four of the five flavonoids isolated from this extract. gram-positive bacteria (six species), gram-negative bacteria (12 species) and fungi (four species) were used. the agar disc diffusion test was used to determine the sensitivity of the tested samples while the well micro-dilution was used to determine the minimal inhibition concentrations (mic) and ... | 2008 | 18280679 |
| myd88 signalling plays a critical role in host defence by controlling pathogen burden and promoting epithelial cell homeostasis during citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis. | myeloid differentiation factor (myd)88, an adaptor protein shared by the toll-interleukin 1 receptor superfamily, plays a critical role in host defence during many systemic bacterial infections by inducing protective inflammatory responses that limit bacterial growth. however, the role of innate responses during gastrointestinal (gi) infections is less clear, in part because the gi tract is tolerant to commensal antigens. the current study investigated the role of myd88 following infection by th ... | 2008 | 17979981 |
| modulation of intestinal goblet cell function during infection by an attaching and effacing bacterial pathogen. | the attaching and effacing (a/e) bacterial pathogens enteropathogenic escherichia coli and enterohemorrhagic e. coli and the related mouse pathogen citrobacter rodentium colonize their hosts' intestines by infecting the apical surfaces of enterocytes, subverting their function, and they ultimately cause diarrhea. surprisingly, little is known about the interactions of these organisms with goblet cells, which are specialized epithelial cells that secrete the protective molecules muc2 and trefoil ... | 2008 | 17984203 |
| performance of chromid esbl, a chromogenic medium for detection of enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. | the chromogenic agar medium chromid esbl (biomérieux) was compared with blse agar medium (aes) for selective isolation and presumptive identification of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae from clinical samples. a total of 765 samples (468 rectal swabs, 255 urine samples and 42 pulmonary aspirations) obtained from 547 patients was processed. all bacterial strains isolated on either medium were further characterized using biochemical tests, and esbl producers were ... | 2008 | 18287293 |
| isolation and characterization of tetracycline-resistant citrobacter spp. from catfish. | fifty-two tetracycline-resistant citrobacter spp. strains were isolated from farm-raised catfish. morphological and biochemical characteristics indicated that 38 of the 52 citrobacters were citrobacter freundii, 7 were c. amalonaticus and 7 were c. braakii. all isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) protocols were developed to detect the presence of 3 tetracycline-resistance genes (teta, tetb and tetg) from citrobacter isolates. oligonucleotide primers s ... | 2008 | 17993380 |
| influence of gastric acid on susceptibility to infection with ingested bacterial pathogens. | despite the widely held belief that gastric acid serves as a barrier to bacterial pathogens, there are almost no experimental data to support this hypothesis. we have developed a mouse model to quantify the effectiveness of gastric acid in mediating resistance to infection with ingested bacteria. mice that were constitutively hypochlorhydric due to a mutation in a gastric h(+)/k(+)-atpase (proton pump) gene were infected with yersinia enterocolitica, salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, citr ... | 2008 | 18025100 |
| fcgamma receptor regulation of citrobacter rodentium infection. | citrobacter rodentium, a murine model pathogen for enteropathogenic escherichia coli, colonizes the colon utilizing attaching and effacing lesions to adhere specifically to the surfaces of intestinal epithelial cells and cause mucosal inflammation. cd4+ t cells, b cells, and immunoglobulin g (igg), but not secretory iga or igm, play a critical role in eradicating this pathogen. consistent with the importance of igg in c. rodentium eradication, igg transport by the neonatal fc receptor for igg wi ... | 2008 | 18227164 |
| composition of acridid gut bacterial communities as revealed by 16s rrna gene analysis. | the gut bacterial community from four species of feral locusts and grasshoppers was determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) analysis of bacterial 16s rrna gene fragments. the study revealed an effect of phase polymorphism on gut bacterial diversity in brown locusts from south africa. a single bacterial phylotype, consistent with citrobacter sp. dominated the gut microbiota of two sympatric populations of moroccan and italian locusts in spain. there was evidence for wollbachi ... | 2008 | 17967463 |
| synthesis of spacer-equipped di-, tri-, and the tetrasaccharide fragments of the deacetylated o-ps1 of citrobacter gillenii o9a,9b, and a related pentasaccharide. | the title rhamnooligosaccharides [alpha-d-rhap4nac-(1-->3)-alpha-d-rhap4nac-1-o-(ch(2))(5)coome, alpha-d-rhap4nac-(1-->3)-alpha-d-rhap4nac-(1-->3)-alpha-d-rhap4nac-1-o-(ch(2))(5)coome, alpha-d-rhap4nac-(1-->2)-alpha-d-rhap4nac-(1-->3)-alpha-d-rhap4nac-(1-->3)-alpha-d-rhap4nac-1-o-(ch(2))(5)coome, and alpha-d-rhap4nac-(1-->3)-alpha-d-rhap4nac-(1-->2)-alpha-d-rhap4nac-(1-->3)-alpha-d-rhap4nac-(1-->3)-alpha-d-rhap4nac-1-o-(ch(2))(5)coome] were synthesized in a stepwise fashion from 5-methoxycarbony ... | 2008 | 18436197 |
| comparative activity of meropenem in us medical centers (2007): initiating the 2nd decade of mystic program surveillance. | since 1997, the meropenem yearly susceptibility test information collection (mystic) program has monitored the antimicrobial activity of broad-spectrum agents against pathogens from hospitalized patients. in the united states, 2894 isolates were submitted in 2007 from 15 sites, including 1392 enterobacteriaceae, 643 nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli, and 829 gram-positive cocci. all isolates were tested by broth microdilution methods. meropenem (mic(90) range, 0.12-2 microg/ml) exhibited the ... | 2008 | 18329835 |
| subversion of actin dynamics by espm effectors of attaching and effacing bacterial pathogens. | rho gtpases are common targets of bacterial toxins and type iii secretion system effectors. ipgb1 and ipgb2 of shigella and map of enteropathogenic (epec) and enterohemorrhagic (ehec) escherichia coli were recently grouped together on the basis that they share a conserved wxxxe motif. in this study, we characterized six wxxxe effectors from attaching and effacing pathogens: trca and espm1 of epec strain b171, espm1 and espm2 of ehec strain sakai and espm2 and espm3 of citrobacter rodentium. we s ... | 2008 | 18331467 |
| utility of the citrobacter rodentium infection model in laboratory mice. | there have been considerable advances in our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of enteropathogenic escherichia coli and enterohemorrhagic e. coli infection. given the difficulty of infecting laboratory mice with these diarrhea-causing pathogens, a growing number of studies have found the murine bacterial pathogen citrobacter rodentium to provide a robust, relevant in-vivo model system. | 2008 | 18043230 |
| boronic acid disk tests for identification of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae producing chromosomal ampc beta-lactamases. | a study using boronic acid (ba) was designed to detect the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in enterobacteriaceae producing chromosomal ampc beta-lactamases. a total of 197 clinical isolates of enterobacter spp. (n=100), serratia marcescens (n=62) and citrobacter freundii (n=35) were analysed. genes encoding esbls were detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification followed by direct sequencing of pcr products. the clinical and laboratory standards institute confirmatory test ... | 2008 | 18337065 |
| il-6-dependent mucosal protection prevents establishment of a microbial niche for attaching/effacing lesion-forming enteric bacterial pathogens. | enteric infections with attaching/effacing lesion-inducing bacterial pathogens are a worldwide health problem. a murine infection model with one such pathogen, citrobacter rodentium, was used to elucidate the importance of the pleiotropic immune regulator, il-6, in the pathogenesis of infection. il-6 was strongly induced in colonic epithelial cells and macrophages upon c. rodentium infection and was required for effective host defense, because mice lacking il-6 failed to control bacterial number ... | 2008 | 18453602 |
| a convenient microbiological assay employing cell-free extracts for the rapid characterization of gram-negative carbapenemase producers. | the dissemination of metallo and serine carbapenem-hydrolysing beta-lactamases among gram-negative nosocomial bacteria represents an acute problem worldwide. here, we present a rapid and sensitive assay for the characterization of carbapenemase producers to aid in infection control and prevention. | 2008 | 18456651 |
| carbohydrate and ethane release with erwinia carotovora subspecies betavasculorum--induced necrosis. | erwinia carotovora subspecies betavasculorum, also known as e. betavasculorum and pectobacterium betavasculorum, is a soil bacterium that has the capacity to cause root rot necrosis of sugarbeets. the qualitatively different pathogenicity exhibited by the virulent e. carotovora strain and two avirulent strains, a citrobacter sp. and an enterobacter cloacae, was examined using digital analysis of photographic evidence of necrosis as well as for carbohydrate, ethane, and ethylene release compared ... | 2008 | 18066619 |
| molecular survey of beta-lactamases conferring resistance to newer beta-lactams in enterobacteriaceae isolates from polish hospitals. | the first national survey of resistance to newer beta-lactams in nosocomial populations of enterobacteriaceae in poland was performed. the study covered all nonrepetitive enterobacterial isolates cultured from specimens from inpatients in 13 regional secondary-care hospitals from november 2003 to january 2004. among 2,388 isolates, the predominant species was escherichia coli (59.6%), followed by proteus mirabilis (14.5%) and klebsiella spp. (8.5%). the frequency of extended-spectrum beta-lactam ... | 2008 | 18458126 |
| effects of rifaximin on bacterial virulence mechanisms at supra- and sub-inhibitory concentrations. | rifaximin, a poorly absorbed rifamycin derivative, exhibited time-dependent bactericidal activity and at concentrations as low as 1/32 of the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) caused morphological alterations in both susceptible and resistant bacterial strains. spontaneous rifaximin-resistant clones appeared with an incidence of 2.6 x 10(-7). the percentage of escherichia coli cells cured of various plasmids ranged from: 4.5-70% (flac), 0-18% (pbp507), 7.7-43.8% (plasmid carrying esbl genes ... | 2008 | 18467244 |
| flagellin-dependent and -independent inflammatory responses following infection by enteropathogenic escherichia coli and citrobacter rodentium. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and the murine pathogen citrobacter rodentium belong to the attaching and effacing (a/e) family of bacterial pathogens. these noninvasive bacteria infect intestinal enterocytes using a type 3 secretion system (t3ss), leading to diarrheal disease and intestinal inflammation. while flagellin, the secreted product of the epec flic gene, causes the release of interleukin 8 (il-8) from epithelial cells, it is unclear whether a/e bacteria also trigger epithelia ... | 2008 | 18227166 |
| caspase-12 modulates nod signaling and regulates antimicrobial peptide production and mucosal immunity. | bacterial sensing by intracellular nod proteins and other nod-like receptors (nlrs) activates signaling pathways that mediate inflammation and pathogen clearance. nod1 and nod2 associate with the kinase rip2 to stimulate nf-kappab signaling. other cytosolic nlrs assemble caspase-1-activating multiprotein complexes termed inflammasomes. caspase-12 modulates the caspase-1 inflammasome, but unlike other nlrs, nod1 and nod2 have not been linked to caspases, and mechanisms regulating the nod-rip2 com ... | 2008 | 18329614 |
| [intestinal enterobacteria of the hibernating apis mellifera mellifera l. bees]. | dynamics of enterobacteria of normal intestinal microflora was studied in apis mellifera mellifera l. bees hibernating under snow in the western urals. the cell numbers (n) of the predominant species klebsiella oxytoca increased from 10-10(6) cfu/bee in november 2004 to 10(4)-10(7) cfu/bee in march 2005; its frequency of occurrence (p) increased from 92 to 100%. increase of providencia rettgeri (11.2004: n up to 10(6), p 25%; 03.2005: n 10(2)-10(6), p 80%) was accompanied by the substitution of ... | 2008 | 18683661 |
| the p50 subunit of nf-kappab is critical for in vivo clearance of the noninvasive enteric pathogen citrobacter rodentium. | citrobacter rodentium, a natural mouse pathogen, belongs to the family of extracellular enteric pathogens that includes enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec). c. rodentium shares many virulence factors with epec and ehec and relies on attaching-and-effacing lesion formation for colonization and infection of the gut. in vivo, c. rodentium infection is characterized by increased epithelial cell proliferation, mucosal thickening, and a th1-type immune respons ... | 2008 | 18694964 |
| [detection methods and changes in metallo-beta-lactamase-producing gram-negative rod isolates at nagasaki university hospital from 1991 to 2005]. | since plasmid-mediated metallo-beta-lactamase (mbl)-producing pseudimonas aeruginosa was reported in japan, mbl-producing gram-negative rods (gnrs) have emerged worldwide. we developed a way to detect mbl-producing gnrs in routine examination using broth microdilution with the mbl inhibitor sodium mercaptoacetate (sma) in frozen plates. between 1996 and 2005, we evaluated this and other methods, including broth microdilution with another mbl inhibitor dipicolinic acid (dpa) in dry plates, conven ... | 2008 | 18697478 |
| biochemical and structural insights into bacterial organelle form and biogenesis. | many heterotrophic bacteria have the ability to make polyhedral structures containing metabolic enzymes that are bounded by a unilamellar protein shell (metabolosomes or enterosomes). these bacterial organelles contain enzymes associated with a specific metabolic process (e.g. 1,2-propanediol or ethanolamine utilization). we show that the 21 gene regulon specifying the pdu organelle and propanediol utilization enzymes from citrobacter freundii is fully functional when cloned in escherichia coli, ... | 2008 | 18332146 |
| the effects of bee (apis mellifera) venom phospholipase a2 on trypanosoma brucei brucei and enterobacteria. | the potential role of phospholipases in trypanosomiasis was investigated using bee venom phospholipase a2 (bvpla2) as a model. the effects of bvpla2 on the survival of trypanosoma brucei brucei, 2h and 12h cultures of enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii were studied. about 1 mg ml(-1) bvpla2 was trypanocidal after 30 min. some growth occurred at lower concentrations up to 2h after treatment but viability decreased up to 8h. even very low concentrations of bvpla2 (10(-12) ... | 2008 | 18343372 |
| decolorization of synthetic melanoidins-containing wastewater by a bacterial consortium. | the presence of melanoidins in molasses wastewater leads to water pollution both due to its dark brown color and its cod contents. in this study, a bacterial consortium isolated from waterfall sediment was tested for its decolorization. the identification of culturable bacteria by 16s rdna based approach showed that the consortium composed of klebsiella oxytoca, serratia mercescens, citrobacter sp. and unknown bacterium. in the context of academic study, prevention on the difficulties of providi ... | 2008 | 18712559 |
| first identification of vim-1-producing citrobacter freundii in greece. | 2008 | 18715763 | |
| krüppel-like factor 5 mediates transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia caused by citrobacter rodentium infection. | krüppel-like factor 5 (klf5) is a transcription factor that is highly expressed in proliferating crypt cells of the intestinal epithelium. klf5 has a pro-proliferative effect in vitro and is induced by mitogenic and stress stimuli. to determine whether klf5 is involved in mediating proliferative responses to intestinal stressors in vivo, we examined its function in a mouse model of transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia triggered by colonization of the mouse colon by the bacteria citrobacter r ... | 2008 | 18395082 |
| resuscitation of eleven-year vbnc citrobacter. | citrobacter freundii strain wa1 was stressed by incubation in seawater microcosms for eleven years. after two years of starvation, no culturable strain was observed. incubation of samples in nutrient-rich broth medium not supplemented with growth factors, however, allowed resuscitation of vbnc cells so that subsequent plating yielded observable colonies for significantly extended periods of time. recovery of vbnc citrobacter freundii was obtained by incubation in nutrient broth even after eleven ... | 2008 | 18401122 |
| the apolipoprotein e-mimetic peptide cog112 inhibits the inflammatory response to citrobacter rodentium in colonic epithelial cells by preventing nf-kappab activation. | inflammatory bowel disease arises from the interplay between luminal bacteria and the colonic mucosa. targeted inhibition of pro-inflammatory pathways without global immunosuppression is highly desirable. apolipoprotein (apo) e has immunomodulatory effects and synthetically derived apoe-mimetic peptides are beneficial in models of sepsis and neuroinflammation. citrobacter rodentium is the rodent equivalent of enteropathogenic escherichia coli, and it causes colitis in mice by colonizing the surf ... | 2008 | 18417477 |
| role of nleh, a type iii secreted effector from attaching and effacing pathogens, in colonization of the bovine, ovine, and murine gut. | the human pathogen enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h7 colonizes human and animal gut via formation of attaching and effacing lesions. ehec strains use a type iii secretion system to translocate a battery of effector proteins into the mammalian host cell, which subvert diverse signal transduction pathways implicated in actin dynamics, phagocytosis, and innate immunity. the genomes of sequenced ehec o157:h7 strains contain two copies of the effector protein gene nleh, which share 49 ... | 2008 | 18725419 |
| plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants qnra, qnrb, and qnrs among clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae in a korean hospital. | screening of 368 consecutive nonreplicate clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae resistant to nalidixic acid and at least one extended-spectrum beta-lactam revealed the presence of qnra, qnrb, and qnrs determinants, and identified novel qnrb variants, in citrobacter freundii isolates. this study also revealed, for the first time, the linkage of qnrb, arma, and extended-spectrum and/or ampc-type beta-lactamase genes on large conjugative plasmids. | 2008 | 18725444 |
| identification of enterobacteriaceae on vacuum loaders in shell egg processing. | cleaning and sanitation are paramount in food processing. gaining an understanding of the microbial populations present in a processing facility can help in the development of effective and efficient cleaning. the current study was undertaken to gain a better understanding of the enterobacteriaceae present on vacuum loader cups used in shell egg processing to transfer nest run eggs to the processing line. twenty cups were rinsed on each of 3 visits to both an off-line operation and a mixed opera ... | 2008 | 18648066 |
| comparative analysis of antibiotic resistance characteristics of gram-negative bacteria isolated from laying hens and eggs in conventional and organic keeping systems in bavaria, germany. | by investigating the prevalence and resistance characteristics of gram-negative bacteria from organic and conventional kept laying hens against 31 (campylobacter: 29) different antibiotics using the microdilution method, we determined to what extent different keeping systems influence bacterial resistance patterns. for this purpose, samples from 10 organic and 10 conventional flocks in bavaria (germany) were investigated four times between january 2004 and april 2005. altogether, 799 cloacal swa ... | 2008 | 18667026 |
| prevalence of bacterial contamination with antibiotic-resistant and enterotoxigenic fecal coliforms in treated drinking water. | pollution indicator bacteria such as coliforms, fecal coliforms, and fecal streptococci were enumerated using a multiple-tube fermentation method in 100 treated drinking-water samples from 20 locations in residential, commercial, and industrial areas of a tropical city during summer. thirty-four percent of the samples were bacteriologically nonpotable. maximum coliform-contaminated (27%) samples were derived from industrial areas, while samples contaminated with fecal coliform (23%) and fecal st ... | 2008 | 18306089 |
| multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria among patients who require chronic hemodialysis. | multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria are rapidly spreading throughout the world. the epidemiology of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria in patients who require chronic hemodialysis has not been previously studied. | 2008 | 18322047 |
| deficiency of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase enhances commensal-induced antibody responses and protects against citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis. | indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido) is a negative regulator of lymphocyte responses that is expressed predominantly in macrophages and dendritic cells. we detected it at high levels in the small intestine and mesenteric lymph node of young adult mice, suggesting a role in intestinal immunity. consistent with this idea, we found that ido-deficient mice had elevated baseline levels of immunoglobulin a (iga) and igg in the serum and increased iga in intestinal secretions. these abnormalities were cor ... | 2008 | 18426872 |
| [infectious complications of surgically treatment pelvic fractures]. | based on case histories, the authors draw attention to important infectious complications in patients surgically treated for pelvic injuries. these complications were recorded in four out of 75 patients (5.3%) undergoing surgery for pelvic fracture in the period from 2001 to 2005. the chief risk factors for the development of infection included the poor state of health of a polytraumatized patient in combination with a long stay in an acute care unit, and severe trauma and bleeding of soft tissu ... | 2008 | 18760086 |
| host and microbiota factors that control klebsiella pneumoniae mucosal colonization in mice. | klebsiella pneumoniae is both an opportunistic pathogen and a commensal organism. we have previously reported that k. pneumoniae strain ia565 (kpia565) is non-pathogenic in a murine model of acute pneumonia. in this study, kpia565 was inoculated into wild-type mice and found to stably colonize and persist in the nasal cavity and gastrointestinal tract of mice for up to 3weeks post-inoculation. intranasal inoculation of wild-type or germ-free mice with kpia565 resulted in similar bacterial levels ... | 2008 | 18762269 |
| characterization of antimicrobial resistance and class 1 integrons in enterobacteriaceae isolated from mediterranean herring gulls (larus cachinnans). | mediterranean herring gulls (larus cachinnans) were investigated as a possible reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacteria and of cassette-borne resistance genes located in class 1 integrons. two hundred and fourteen isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae were collected from cloacal swabs of 92 chicks captured in a natural reserve in the north east of italy. they showed high percentages of resistance to ampicillin and streptomycin. high percentages of resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazol ... | 2008 | 18476779 |
| antibacterial and preliminary phytochemical and physico-chemical analysis of eucalyptus citriodora hk leaf. | the present communication deals with some studies on the antibacterial, physico-chemical and phytochemical parameters of different extracts of eucalyptus citriodora leaf. the antibacterial study was performed using the agar ditch method on some clinically important bacteria, namely pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, proteus vulgaris, citrobacter freundii, staphylococcus subflava, bacillus megaterium, and enterobacter aerogenes. physico-chemical parameters namely water, methanol, 1,4-dioxane, dmf, ac ... | 2008 | 18569717 |
| toll-like receptor 2 plays a critical role in maintaining mucosal integrity during citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis. | inflammatory bowel diseases and infectious gastroenteritis likely occur when the integrity of intestinal barriers is disrupted allowing luminal bacterial products to cross into the intestinal mucosa, stimulating immune cells and triggering inflammation. while specific toll-like receptors (tlr) are involved in the generation of inflammatory responses against enteric bacteria, their contributions to the maintenance of intestinal mucosal integrity are less clear. these studies investigated the role ... | 2008 | 17910742 |
| variation in the nature of organic acid secretion and mineral phosphate solubilization by citrobacter sp. dhrss in the presence of different sugars. | a novel phosphate solubilizing bacterium (psb) was isolated from the rhizosphere of sugarcane and is capable of utilizing sucrose and rock phosphate as the sole carbon and phosphate source, respectively. this psb exhibited mineral phosphate solubilizing (mps) phenotype on sugars such as sucrose and fructose, which are not substrates for enzyme glucose dehydrogenase (gdh), along with gdh substrates, viz., glucose, xylose, and maltose, as carbon sources. pcr amplification of the rrna gene and sequ ... | 2008 | 17965911 |
| the gut-brain barrier in major depression: intestinal mucosal dysfunction with an increased translocation of lps from gram negative enterobacteria (leaky gut) plays a role in the inflammatory pathophysiology of depression. | there is now evidence that major depression (mdd) is accompanied by an activation of the inflammatory response system (irs) and that pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysacharide (lps) may induce depressive symptoms. the aim of the present study was to examine whether an increased gastrointestinal permeability with an increased translocation of lps from gram negative bacteria may play a role in the pathophysiology of mdd. toward this end, the present study examines the serum concentrations of ... | 2008 | 18283240 |
| bicarbonate-mediated transcriptional activation of divergent operons by the virulence regulatory protein, rega, from citrobacter rodentium. | regulation of virulence gene expression plays a central role in the pathogenesis of enteric bacteria as they encounter diverse environmental conditions in the gastrointestinal tract of their hosts. in this study, we investigated environmental regulation of two putative virulence determinants adca and kfc by rega, an arac/xyls-like regulator, from citrobacter rodentium, and identified bicarbonate as the environmental signal which induced transcription of adca and kfc through rega. primer extensio ... | 2008 | 18284589 |
| citrobacter freundii infection in glutaric aciduria type 1: adding insult to injury. | glutaric aciduria type 1 (ga1) is an inborn error of organic acid metabolism, where the brain is the principal organ affected with exposure to toxic metabolic product, 3-hydroxyglutaric acid (3-ohga). a 2-year-old boy with ga1 and delayed developmental milestones had an acute neurological crisis leading to massive brain abscess with citrobacter freundi infection, a rare cause of neonatal meningitis and often associated with brain abscess. both 3-ohga and c. freundii can damage the blood-brain ba ... | 2008 | 18296804 |
| enterobacteriaceae and related organisms isolated from shell eggs collected during commercial processing. | in the united states, commercial shell eggs are washed and graded before retail. since passage of the egg products inspection act in 1971, processing guidelines have been set to ensure that external and internal characteristics are maintained. however, less is known about how commercial processing affects the safety of shell eggs. to identify enteric bacteria entering plants and persisting throughout processing, eggs were collected from 3 us commercial shell egg-processing plants on 3 separate v ... | 2008 | 18493013 |
| saccharomyces boulardii ameliorates citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis through actions on bacterial virulence factors. | saccharomyces boulardii has received increasing attention as a probiotic effective in the prevention and treatment of infectious and inflammatory bowel diseases. the aim of this study was to examine the ameliorating effects of s. boulardii on citrobacter rodentium colitis in vivo and identify potential mechanisms of action. c57bl/6 mice received 2.5 x 10(8) c. rodentium by gavage on day 0, followed by s. boulardii (25 mg; 5 x 10(8) live cells) gavaged twice daily from day 2 to day 9. animal weig ... | 2008 | 18032474 |
| metabolomics reveals that hepatic stearoyl-coa desaturase 1 downregulation exacerbates inflammation and acute colitis. | to investigate the pathogenic mechanism of ulcerative colitis, a dextran sulfate sodium (dss)-induced acute colitis model was examined by serum metabolomic analysis. higher levels of stearoyl lysophosphatidylcholine and lower levels of oleoyl lysophosphatidylcholine in dss-treated mice compared to controls led to the identification of dss-elicited inhibition of stearoyl-coa desaturase 1 (scd1) expression in liver. this decrease occurred prior to the symptoms of acute colitis and was well correla ... | 2008 | 18249173 |
| resistance of chemokine receptor 6-deficient mice to yersinia enterocolitica infection: evidence of defective m-cell formation in vivo. | m cells, specialized cells within peyer's patches (pps), are reduced in number in chemokine receptor 6 (ccr6)-deficient mice. the pathogenic microorganism yersinia enterocolitica exploits m cells for the purpose of mucosal tissue invasion exclusively through pps. the aim of this study was to evaluate the course of yersiniosis in ccr6-deficient mice and to investigate whether these mice might be used as an in vivo model to determine m-cell function. after oral challenge with y. enterocolitica, co ... | 2008 | 18258848 |
| plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants among enterobacterial isolates from outpatients in brazil. | the aim of this study was to determine the spread of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants [qnr-like, aac(6')-ib-cr and qepa genes] among nalidixic acid-resistant enterobacterial strains isolated from outpatients from southeast brazil, their transferability and the genetic structures associated with the qnr genes. | 2008 | 18552340 |
| tight junctional disruption and apoptosis in an in vitro model of citrobacter rodentium infection. | the murine model of citrobacter rodentium infection has been used to complement in vitro studies of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) infections of human intestinal epithelial cells (iecs). however, the differences in epithelial cell responses between these two models are not fully understood. we used an in vitro model of c. rodentium infection to examine important, yet incompletely understood, cellular responses of murine iecs to this pathogen. c. rodentium attached to cmt-93 cells and d ... | 2008 | 18504087 |
| urease-positive bacteria in the stomach induce a false-positive reaction in a urea breath test for diagnosis of helicobacter pylori infection. | this study investigated the influence of urease-positive non-helicobacter pylori bacteria on the results of a urea breath test (ubt) to evaluate the diagnostic utility of a ubt using film-coated [(13)c]urea tablets. the ubt was performed in 102 patients treated with a proton pump inhibitor and antibiotics for the eradication of h. pylori. urease-producing bacteria other than h. pylori were isolated and identified from the oral cavity and stomach. in 4/102 patients, the ubt gave false-positive re ... | 2008 | 18566138 |
| cd4+ t cells transfer resistance against citrobacter rodentium-induced infectious colitis by induction of th 1 immunity. | citrobacter rodentium induces an acute, self-limited colitis in mice which is histologically associated with crypt hyperplasia. the infection serves as a model for human infectious colitis induced by enteropathogenic escherichia coli. we investigated if balb/c mice, which had spontaneously cleared c. rodentium infection, were protected against re-infection and if resistance against intestinal infection can be systemically transferred using spleen cells. the course of infection was monitored by f ... | 2008 | 18261038 |
| evaluation of pyelonephritis in culled indoor and outdoor high parity sows. | the present trial was conducted in hungary in neighboring large indoor and outdoor pig production units, belonging to the same breeding company. rejected kidneys from 201 (out of 241; 83.4%) outdoor, and 191 (out of 512, 37.3%) indoor high parity sows, with previous history of recidiving postparturient fever and excessive postparturient vulvovaginal discharge were gross pathologically bacteriologically, and histologically evaluated. all rejected kidneys revealed chronic pyelonephritis. in outdoo ... | 2008 | 18265757 |
| antibodies against citrobacter braakii o37 cells recognize the n-glycan of the band 3 glycoprotein of human erythrocyte membrane. | the phenomenon of molecular mimicry was found previously for citrobacter braakii o37, which shared epitopes with human and horse erythrocytes. the aim of this study was to elucidate the basis of the serological cross-reactivity between anti-c. braakii o37 serum and human erythrocytes. the experiments involved analyzing the epitope on the human erythrocyte membrane, that could be recognized by affinity-purified antibodies. the results indicated a specific glycoprotein fraction in immunoblotting, ... | 2008 | 18266742 |
| the critical role of substrate-protein hydrogen bonding in the control of regioselective hydroxylation in p450cin. | cytochrome p450cin (cyp176a1) is a bacterial p450 isolated from citrobacter braakii that catalyzes the hydroxylation of cineole to (s)-6beta-hydroxycineole. this initiates the biodegradation of cineole, enabling c. braakii to live on cineole as its sole source of carbon and energy. p450cin lacks the almost universally conserved threonine residue believed to be involved in dioxygen activation and instead contains an asparagine at this position (asn-242). to investigate the role of asn-242 in p450 ... | 2008 | 18270198 |
| characterization of the nlef effector protein from attaching and effacing bacterial pathogens. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) is a water- and food-borne pathogen that causes hemorrhagic colitis. ehec uses a type iii secretion system (t3ss) to translocate effector proteins that subvert host cell function. t3ss-substrates encoded outside of the locus of enterocyte effacement are important to e. coli pathogenesis. we discovered an ehec secreted protein, nlef, encoded by z6020 in o-island 71 of e. coli edl933 that we hypothesized to be a t3ss substrate. experiments are presented th ... | 2008 | 18279332 |
| klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-2, buenos aires, argentina. | 2008 | 18598660 | |
| transfer of antibiotic multiresistant plasmid rp4 from escherichia coli to activated sludge bacteria. | in situ transfer of a self-transmissible, antibiotic-multiresistant plasmid rp4 from a laboratory escherichia coli strain c600 to indigenous activated sludge bacteria was investigated using filter mating. the transfer frequency of rp4 from the donor e. coli to the bacteria that was sampled from two wastewater treatment plants was 5.1x10(-2) to 7.5x10(-1) and 4.6x10(-3) to 1.3x10(-2)/potential recipient. the isolated transconjugants showed resistance to ap, km, and tc and the presence of a plasmi ... | 2008 | 18930008 |
| bird-bite infection and pyoderma gangrenosum: a rare combination? | 2008 | 18676192 | |
| prevalence and beta-lactamase producing bacterial isolates in a teaching hospital in peshawar, pakistan: a four year study. | prevalence of microorganisms was studies in clinical samples of various body fluids (n=12,259), collected from patients at post graduate medical institute hayatabad medical complex (pgmi, hmc) peshawar. only 34.90% of samples exhibited growth, 36.25% of these isolates were gram positive and 63.75% were gram negative bacteria. e. coli was the most prevalent organism (39.45%) followed by s. aureus (32.23%), proteus spp. (9.23%), pseudomonas spp. (6.54%), streptococuss spp. (3.51%), acinetobacter s ... | 2008 | 18930859 |
| detection of protozoan and bacterial pathogens of public health importance in faeces of corvus spp. (large-billed crow). | parasites and bacteria are reported in the faeces of birds in the current study. fresh faecal samples of the large-billed crow (corvus spp.) were collected from the study site at bangsar, an urban setting in kuala lumpur, malaysia. these samples were transported to laboratory and analysed for parasites and bacteria. pre-prepared xld agar plates were used for culturing the bacteria in the laboratory. using the api 20etm test strips, 9 different species of bacteria were identified belonging to the ... | 2008 | 18948884 |
| tumor suppressor foxo3a is involved in the regulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-8 in intestinal ht-29 cells. | enteric bacteria and their products play an important role in intestinal inflammation; however, the complete mechanisms are not elucidated yet. tumor suppressor foxo3a regulates gene expression in the nucleus, and its translocation to the cytosol leads to inactivation. proximally, foxo3a is regulated by different pathways including the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (pi3k) pathway. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of bacterial infection on foxo3a in intestinal epithelial cells and to ... | 2008 | 18678662 |
| diarrhea as a cause of mortality in a mouse model of infectious colitis. | comparative characterization of genome-wide transcriptional changes during infection can help elucidate the mechanisms underlying host susceptibility. in this study, transcriptional profiling of the mouse colon was carried out in two cognate lines of mice that differ in their response to citrobacter rodentium infection; susceptible inbred fvb/n and resistant outbred swiss webster mice. gene expression in the distal colon was determined prior to infection, and at four and nine days post-inoculati ... | 2008 | 18680595 |
| plasmid-borne arma methylase gene, together with blactx-m-15 and blatem-1, in a klebsiella oxytoca isolate from china. | an arma-producing klebsiella oxytoca isolate, strain 157, was detected after screening of 447 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae isolates in china. k. oxytoca 157 was resistant to aminoglycosides, ciprofloxacin and most beta-lactams. resistance to aminoglycosides and beta-lactams could be transferred to recipient escherichia coli by conjugation. arma, blactx-m-15 and blatem-1 genes were detected in k. oxytoca 157 and transconjugant e. coli strain 600(pec157). mutation ... | 2008 | 18809557 |
| high prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes qnr and aac(6')-ib-cr in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae from nine teaching hospitals in china. | quinolone resistance is an emerging problem in china. to investigate the prevalence of the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes qnr and aac(6')-ib-cr, a total of 265 clinical isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii, and enterobacter cloacae with ciprofloxacin mics of > or =0.25 microg/ml were screened at nine teaching hospitals in china. the qnra, qnrb, qnrs, and aac(6')-ib genes were detected by pcr. the aac(6')-ib-cr gene was further identified by diges ... | 2008 | 18809939 |
| treatment of citrobacter koseri infection with ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime in a preterm infant. | to report a case of successful treatment of citrobacter koseri infection in a preterm infant as a means of challenging the current treatment recommendations on the basis of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic considerations. | 2008 | 18577764 |
| effect of thymol on microbial diversity in the porcine jejunum. | thirty two weaned pigs (24 d-old) were fed a diet without or with 1% (w/w) thymol. pigs from each dietary treatment remained unchallenged or were challenged with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. jejunal content was collected and molecular microbial diversity was investigated using 16s rrna gene polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge). shannon index analysis showed no differences in diversity but pearson coefficient analysis showed clear clustering of ... | 2008 | 18585810 |
| [the analysis of the bacterial and fungal flora in maxillary sinuses in patients operated due to fess method]. | the aim of this work was to analyse the bacterial and fungal flora in maxillary sinuses in patients operated due to the fess method. | 2008 | 18837224 |
| [antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria community sfc-2 used for fermentation of air-dried crop straws]. | to evaluate the antibacterial activity of lactic acid bacteria community sfc-2 in fermented crop straw. | 2008 | 18837364 |
| microflora of bile aspirates in patients with acute cholecystitis with or without cholelithiasis: a tropical experience. | the current study determined the spectrum of biliary microflora with special emphasis on enteric fever organisms in patients with acute cholangitis with and without cholelithiasis or other biliary diseases. the patients were divided into three groups: group a consisted of patients with acute cholecystitis with cholelithiasis; group b consisted of patients with acute cholecystitis with gastrointestinal ailments requiring biliary drainage and group c consisted of patients with gallbladder carcinom ... | 2008 | 18839486 |
| emergence of a cefepime- and cefpirome-resistant citrobacter freundii clinical isolate harbouring a novel chromosomally encoded ampc beta-lactamase, cmy-37. | citrobacter freundii strain 4306 was isolated from a urine specimen of a patient in march 2006 in palestine. this strain showed a unique multidrug resistance phenotype, as it was resistant both to 7-alpha-methoxy- and oxyimino-cephalosporins, including cefepime, cefpirome and monobactams, in addition to quinolones, streptomycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. clavulanic acid did not act synergistically with cephalosporins by the double-disk synergy test. molecular characterisation showed that ... | 2008 | 18619820 |
| mucin dynamics in intestinal bacterial infection. | bacterial gastroenteritis causes morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. murine citrobacter rodentium infection is a model for gastroenteritis caused by the human pathogens enteropathogenic escherichia coli and enterohaemorrhagic e. coli. mucin glycoproteins are the main component of the first barrier that bacteria encounter in the intestinal tract. | 2008 | 19088856 |
| early development of lactic acidosis with short term linezolid treatment in a renal recipient. | 2008 | 19129081 | |
| [estimation of level of aminoglycosides susceptibility of bacterial strains isolated from patients with systemic and general infections]. | susceptibility tests to aminoglycosides of 200 bacterial strains isolated in period 1.01.2007-30.04.2008 from hospitalized patients in different wroclaw clinics were performed. among tested strains were 96 gram-negative rods belonging to the enterobacteriaceae family, 74 non-fermentative rods and 30 strains of staphylococcus aureus. the results of antibiotic susceptibility determined by serial antibiotic dilution in solid medium indicated that among enterobacteriaceae the most susceptible to ami ... | 2008 | 19143174 |
| highly resistant microorganisms in a teaching hospital: the role of horizontal spread in a setting of endemicity. | to determine the incidence density of highly resistant organisms (hros) and the relative contribution of horizontal spread in a setting of endemicity. | 2008 | 18973456 |
| comparative analysis of two attacin genes from hyphantria cunea. | a full-length clone corresponding to attacin was isolated from a cdna library made from fat body of immunized hyphantria cunea larvae. this newly isolated attacin b shows characteristics different from those previously reported for attacin a. the two attacin cdnas encode precursor proteins of 233 and 248 amino acid residues, respectively. the two attacins show 45.9% identity at the amino acid level, and 35.2% identity at the nucleotide level. attacins a and b of h. cunea show significant identit ... | 2008 | 18682300 |
| protective and destructive innate immune responses to enteropathogenic escherichia coli and related a/e pathogens. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli, enterohemorrhagic e. coli (o157:h7) and citrobacter rodentium are classified as attaching and effacing (a/e) pathogens based on their ability to adhere to intestinal epithelium, destroy microvilli and induce pedestal formation at the site of infection. a/e bacterial infections also cause acute diarrheal episodes and intestinal inflammation. the use of model systems has led to an understanding of the innate immune response to a/e pathogens. the innate immune sys ... | 2008 | 18505397 |
| [nationwide susceptibility surveillance of ciprofloxacin and various parenteral antimicrobials against bacteria isolated from patients with severe infections--third ciproxan injection special survey (2005)]. | we conducted 3 nationwide surveillance studies between 2001 and 2005 at 39 participating institutions throughout japan according to the special survey plan to investigate susceptibility to ciprofloxacin (cpfx) and various parenteral antimicrobials using clinical isolates from patients with severe infection during the reexamination period of parenteral cpfx. results of the first special survey (2001) were already reported in this journal. the current third special survey (2005) was conducted at 3 ... | 2008 | 19024645 |
| nosocomial spread of arma-mediated high-level aminoglycoside resistance in enterobacteriaceae isolates producing ctx-m-3 beta-lactamase in a cancer hospital in bulgaria. | 1,310 enterobacteriaceae, 242 pseudomonas aeruginosa and 97 acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates collected at a cancer hospital in bulgaria were screened for the presence of 16s rrna methylases. the arma methylase gene was identified in 20 (1.5%) enterobacteriaceae (7 klebsiella pneumoniae, 3 escherichia coli, 3 serratia marcescens, 3 citrobacter freundii , 3 enterobacter cloacae and 1 klebsiella oxytoca). arma-mediated aminoglycoside resistance was transferable by conjugation and carried b ... | 2008 | 19028622 |
| [biochemical and bacteriological investigation of six cases of purple urine bag syndrome (pubs) in a geriatric ward for dementia]. | purple urine bag syndrome is a condition in which the urinary catheter bag turns purple. a tryptophan-indigo hypothesis has been proposed as the mechanism of pubs, in which bacterial decomposition of tryptophan in gut associated with chronic constipation, bacterial overgrowth in the urinary tract and alkaline urine causes production of indigo and discoloration. we considered that further investigation of cases was needed. | 2008 | 19057104 |
| khm-1, a novel plasmid-mediated metallo-beta-lactamase from a citrobacter freundii clinical isolate. | a novel gene, bla(khm-1), encoding a metallo-beta-lactamase, khm-1, was cloned from a clinical isolate of citrobacter freundii resistant to most beta-lactam antibiotics. escherichia coli expressing bla(khm-1) was resistant to all broad-spectrum beta-lactams except for monobactams and showed reduced susceptibility to carbapenems. recombinant khm-1 exhibited edta-inhibitable hydrolytic activity against most beta-lactams, with an overall preference for cephalosporins. | 2008 | 18765691 |
| study on the bacterial midgut microbiota associated to different brazilian populations of lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva) (diptera: psychodidae). | the bacterial community associated with the midgut of three brazilian lutzomyia longipalpis (lutz & neiva) populations, two from endemic areas for visceral leishmaniasis (jacobina, bahia state and são luís, maranhão state) and one from a non-endemic area (lapinha cave, minas gerais state), was identified. five groups, 35 females each, from each population were separated; a total of 175 females per collecting area were analyzed. the species identification was based on molecular and traditional ba ... | 2008 | 19061048 |
| prevalence of bacteria and intestinal parasites among food-handlers in gondar town, northwest ethiopia. | food-handlers with poor personal hygiene working in food-service establishments could be potential sources of infection due to pathogenic organisms. the study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of bacteria and intestinal parasites among 127 food-handlers working in the cafeterias of the university of gondar and the gondar teachers training college, gondar, ethiopia. fingernail contents of both the hands and stool specimens were collected from all the 127 food-handlers. the samples were e ... | 2008 | 19069624 |
| microbial flora drives interleukin 22 production in intestinal nkp46+ cells that provide innate mucosal immune defense. | natural killer (nk) cells are innate lymphocytes with spontaneous antitumor activity, and they produce interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) that primes immune responses. whereas t helper cell subsets differentiate from naive t cells via specific transcription factors, evidence for nk cell diversification is limited. in this report, we characterized intestinal lymphocytes expressing the nk cell natural cytotoxicity receptor nkp46. gut nkp46+ cells were distinguished from classical nk cells by limited ifn ... | 2008 | 19084435 |
| normalization of leaky gut in chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) is accompanied by a clinical improvement: effects of age, duration of illness and the translocation of lps from gram-negative bacteria. | there is now evidence that an increased translocation of lps from gram negative bacteria with subsequent gut-derived inflammation, i.e. induction of systemic inflammation and oxidative & nitrosative stress (io&ns), is a new pathway in chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs). | 2008 | 19112401 |
| [retropharyngeal abscess revealing diabetes: a case report]. | retropharyngeal abscess, a rare event in adults, is usually observed in immunodeficient persons or subsequent to foreign bodies. we report a case of retropharyngeal abscess which revealed diabetes mellitus. a 47-year-old woman with an uneventful history complained of fever, dysphagia and trismus. clinical findings were swelling of the pharyngeal posterior wall. the ct scan showed an abscess in the retropharyngeal space. puncture revealed the purulent nature of the collection. the bacteriological ... | 2008 | 18930451 |
| high-level carbapenem resistance in a citrobacter freundii clinical isolate is due to a combination of kpc-2 production and decreased porin expression. | an imipenem-resistant isolate of citrobacter freundii zj163 (mic 256 microg ml(-1)) isolated from a chinese hospital was investigated. the c. freundii zj163 isolate exhibited high-level resistance to carbapenems, penicillins, cephalosporins, cefoxitin, aztreonam, quinolones and aminoglycosides. isoelectric focusing (ief) demonstrated three beta-lactamases with pis of 5.4 (tem-1), 6.7 (kpc-2) and 7.9 (ctx-m-14). two different transconjugants (types a and b) were obtained by conjugation studies. t ... | 2008 | 18287296 |
| comparison of the diversity of the vaginal microbiota in hiv-infected and hiv-uninfected women with or without bacterial vaginosis. | whether human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is associated with a change in the diversity of genital microbiota in women was investigated. | 2008 | 18717638 |
| microbial structure and community of rbc biofilm removing nitrate and phosphorus from domestic wastewater. | using a rotating biological contactor modified with a sequencing bath reactor system (sbrbc) designed and operated to remove phosphate and nitrogen, the microbial community structure of the biofilm from the sbrbc system was characterized based on the extracellular polymeric substance (eps) constituents, electron microscopy, and molecular techniques. protein and carbohydrate were identified as the major eps constituents at three different biofilm thicknesses, where the amount of eps and bacterial ... | 2008 | 18756109 |
| modulation of acute diarrheal illness by persistent bacterial infection. | acute diarrheal illness is a global health problem that may be exacerbated by concurrent infection. using citrobacter rodentium, a murine model of attaching and effacing diarrheagenic escherichia coli, we demonstrate that persistent helicobacter hepaticus infection modulates host responses to diarrheal disease, resulting in delayed recovery from weight loss and from tissue damage. chronic colitis in concurrently infected mice is characterized by macrophage and foxp3(+) regulatory t-cell accumula ... | 2008 | 18710857 |
| [current bacterial causes of osteomyelitis in children with sickle cell disease]. | introduction: osteomyelitis in children with sickle cell disease has been caused mainly by salmonella species, but in recent years, greater variation has resulted in other bacteria sometimes heading this list. we conducted this survey to determine the present distribution of causative bacteria, to improve initial probabilistic antibiotic therapy. | 2008 | 19188128 |
| insights into the catalytic mechanism of tyrosine phenol-lyase from x-ray structures of quinonoid intermediates. | amino acid transformations catalyzed by a number of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp)-dependent enzymes involve abstraction of the calpha proton from an external aldimine formed between a substrate and the cofactor leading to the formation of a quinonoid intermediate. despite the key role played by the quinonoid intermediates in the catalysis by plp-dependent enzymes, limited accurate information is available about their structures. we trapped the quinonoid intermediates of citrobacter freundii tyros ... | 2008 | 18715865 |
| endophthalmitis caused by citrobacter species. | to investigate clinical settings, treatments, antibiotic sensitivities, and visual outcomes associated with endophthalmitis caused by citrobacter species. | 2008 | 18716949 |
| rega, an arac-like protein, is a global transcriptional regulator that controls virulence gene expression in citrobacter rodentium. | citrobacter rodentium is an attaching and effacing pathogen which causes transmissible colonic hyperplasia in mice. infection with c. rodentium serves as a model for infection of humans with enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli. to identify novel colonization factors of c. rodentium, we screened a signature-tagged mutant library of c. rodentium in mice. one noncolonizing mutant had a single transposon insertion in an open reading frame (orf) which we designated rega because of ... | 2008 | 18765720 |
| but-3-ene-1,2-diol: a mechanism-based active site inhibitor for coenzyme b12-dependent glycerol dehydratase. | coenzyme b(12)-dependent glycerol dehydratase is a radical enzyme that catalyses the conversion of glycerol into 3-hydroxypropanal and propane-1,2-diol into propanal via enzyme-bound intermediate radicals. the substrate analogue but-3-ene-1,2-diol was studied in the expectation that it would lead to the 4,4-dihydroxylbut-2-en-1-yl radical, which is stabilised (allylic) and not reactive enough to retrieve a hydrogen atom from 5'-deoxyadenosine, thereby interrupting the catalytic cycle. racemic an ... | 2008 | 18767080 |