Publications

identification of a human papillomavirus type 16-specific epitope on the c-terminal arm of the major capsid protein l1.	to characterize epitopes on human papillomavirus (hpv) virus-like particles (vlps), a panel of mutated hpv-16 vlps was created. each mutated vlp had residues substituted from hpv-31 or hpv-52 l1 sequences to the hpv-16 l1 backbone. mutations were created on the hpv-31 and -52 l1 proteins to determine if hpv-16 type-specific recognition could be transferred. correct folding of the mutated proteins was verified by resistance to trypsin digestion and by binding to one or more conformation-dependent ...	2003	14557648
[value of acetic acid smear test for cervical cancer screening].	at present, the incidence of cervical cancer is still high in less developed areas of china; one of the reasons is that cytology in screening for cervical cancer is not feasible in these areas. the aim of this study was to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of acetic acid smear test as a cervical cancer screening test, and evaluate the value of this method for cervical cancer screening.	2003	14558960
the fidelity of hpv16 e1/e2-mediated dna replication.	human papillomaviruses (hpv) are causative agents in a variety of human diseases; for example over 99% of cervical carcinomas contain hpv dna sequences. often in cervical carcinoma the hpv genome is integrated into the host genome resulting in unregulated expression of the viral transforming proteins e6 and e7. therefore viral integration is a step toward hpv-induced carcinogenesis. integration of the hpv genome could occur following double-strand dna breaks that could arise during viral dna rep ...	2003	14559922
efficiency of the hybrid capture 2 hpv dna test in cervical cancer screening. a study by the french society of clinical cytology.	the aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of the hybrid capture 2 (hc2; digene, gaithersburg, md) human papillomavirus (hpv) assay for the detection of cervical neoplasia. of the 1,785 patients recruited, 462 (25.88%) were referred for colposcopy owing to previously detected cytologic abnormalities, and 1,323 (74.12%) were voluntary candidates for screening. for all patients, a papanicolaou smear and a monolayer smear (thinprep, cytyc, boxborough, ma) were done. hpv dna was detected ...	2003	14560561
preferential integration of human papillomavirus type 18 near the c-myc locus in cervical carcinoma.	the development of cervical cancer is highly associated with human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. greater than 99% of all cervical tumors contain hpv dna. integration of high-risk hpv has been temporally associated with the acquisition of a malignant phenotype. recent work from our lab has shown that hpv16, the most common high-risk hpv associated with cervical carcinoma, preferentially integrates at loci containing human common fragile sites (cfss). cfss are regions of genomic instability that ...	2003	14562053
monoclonal expansion with integration of high-risk type human papillomaviruses is an initial step for cervical carcinogenesis: association of clonal status and human papillomavirus infection with clinical outcome in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.	to define the natural history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) as related to clonal status, we evaluated 20 cases of cin1 and 18 cases of cin2 that had been clinically followed for 7 to 48 months at osaka university hospital. these included 10 cases that progressed, 15 cases that persisted, and 13 cases that regressed. we analyzed the clonal status of each case by analysis of the pattern of x-chromosomal inactivation. human papillomavirus (hpv) infection was detected by pcr-rflp analy ...	2003	14563953
human papillomavirus infection of the epididymis and ductus deferens: an evaluation by nested polymerase chain reaction.	human papillomaviruses (hpvs) play an important role in the etiology of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. the possible role of the male urogenital tract as a reservoir of hpv infection is not fully understood. we inferred from our previous observation of hpv-31 in epididymal tissue in a case of chronic epididymitis that hpv might be commonly present in cases of epididymitis caused by sexually transmitted pathogens.	2003	14567721
epstein-barr virus detected in a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell line derived from an immunocompromised patient.	dna tumor viruses potentially play a role in the development of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (scchn). human papillomavirus is found in up to 50% of scchn specimens, and epstein-barr virus (ebv) has been detected in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, burkitt lymphoma, and other lymphomas. however, the role of ebv in nonnasopharyngeal scchn has not been thoroughly investigated.	2003	14568799
il-10 mediates suppression of the cd8 t cell ifn-gamma response to a novel viral epitope in a primed host.	priming to ag can inhibit subsequent induction of an immune response to a new epitope incorporated into that ag, a phenomenon referred to as original antigenic sin. in this study, we show that prior immunity to a virus capsid can inhibit subsequent induction of the ifn-gamma effector t cell response to a novel cd8-restricted antigenic epitope associated with the virus capsid. inhibition does not involve ab to the virus capsid, as it is observed in animals lacking b cells. cd8-restricted virus-sp ...	2003	14568953
increased expression of the huntingtin interacting protein-1 gene in cells from hutchinson gilford syndrome (progeria) patients and aged donors.	hutchinson gilford syndrome (progeria [pg]) is a human disease associated with accelerated aging. to elucidate the acceleration mechanism, we first tried to transform a pg-derived cell line by infection of a recombinant adenovirus expressing hpv (human papilloma virus)-e6 and hpv-e7 genes. the transfected pg cells had a greater number of population doublings (pd) (>80), faster doubling time, and less staining of senescence-associated ss-galactosidase than the nontransfected pg cells. the transfe ...	2003	14570852
[contribution of high risk human papillomavirus testing to the management of premalignant and malignant lesions of the uterine cervix].	high risk human papillomaviruses (hr-hpv) are consistently associated with premalignant and malignant lesions of the uterine cervix. thus, the use of molecular techniques to detect hpv has been proposed to improve the results of conventional diagnostic strategies. in the present study, we evaluated the usefulness of the detection of hr-hpv in a cervical pathology unit.	2003	14572367
identification and characterization of a cluster of transcription start sites located in the e6 orf of human papillomavirus type 16.	human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) is the prototype strain among the malignant types of hpv in the western world. the main promoter, p97, located in front of the e6 orf, has been shown to control expression of the oncogenes e6 and e7. these oncogenes are expressed continuously in hpv-16-transformed cells. in contrast to malignant hpv types, non-malignant hpv types have separate promoters driving the expression of e6 and e7. experiments have shown that the translation of e7 is more efficient f ...	2003	14573795
the regulatory e2 proteins of human genital papillomaviruses are pro-apoptotic.	cervical carcinomas are frequently associated with infection by human papillomaviruses (hpvs). these viruses encode two oncogenes e6 and e7, which promote cell proliferation and immortalization. the viral e2 protein represses transcription of the e6/e7 oncogenes and activates viral dna replication together with the viral e1 helicase. the e2 protein is specifically inactivated in hpv18-associated carcinoma, suggesting that it may prevent carcinogenic progression. indeed, e2 was shown to exhibit a ...	2003	14585548
re: "genital human papillomavirus infection: incidence and risk factors in a cohort of female university students".		2003	14585772
toward a reduction of the global burden of cervical cancer.	of the 190,000 deaths from cervical cancer that occur annually worldwide, the majority take place in developing countries. recent advances in our understanding of the causes and natural history of cervical neoplasia and, in particular, the establishment of the central role of human papilloma virus (hpv) infection have created opportunities for the primary and secondary prevention of cervical cancer. in the future, prevention efforts will include the incorporation of hpv testing as an adjunct to ...	2003	14586318
replication and interaction of herpes simplex virus and human papillomavirus in differentiating host epithelial tissue.	we have investigated the interactions and consequences of superinfecting and coreplication of human papillomavirus (hpv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv) in human epithelial organotypic (raft) culture tissues. in hpv-positive tissues, hsv infection and replication induced significant cytopathic effects (cpe), but the tissues were able to recover and maintain a certain degree of tissue integrity and architecture. hpv31b not only maintained the episomal state of its genomic dna but also maintained i ...	2003	14592758
[population-based study of human papillomavirus infection in high-risk area for cervical cancer in shanxi province, china].	to investigate the prevalence of oncogenic type of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection and identify the high risk population for conducting immuno/chemoprevention of cervical cancer.	2003	12974078
human papillomaviruses in the normal oral cavity of children in japan.	the purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of human papillomavirus (hpv) infections in the normal oral cavity of children in japan. oral squamous cell specimens were collected from 77 children (44 boys and 33 girls), aged 3 and 5 years. extracted dna was evaluated for hpv infections by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) methods, using consensus primers for the l1 region, specific primers, and direct dna sequencing analysis. thirty-seven of 77 specimens (48.1%) were positive for hpv dn ...	2003	13679205
detection of human papillomavirus in cervical lymph nodes: a highly effective strategy for localizing site of tumor origin.	patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hnscc) often come to clinical attention with a neck mass due to metastatic spread to lymph nodes. treatment is dictated by the subsequent determination of primary tumor site and stage. however, the primary site remains elusive in some patients even after an exhaustive examination. human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) is an important etiologic agent for hnsccs that arise within the oropharynx but less so for tumors from nonoropharyngeal sites. ...	2003	14695150
notch1 can contribute to viral-induced transformation of primary human keratinocytes.	the human papillomavirus (hpv) is the most significant causative agent in the development of cervical cancer. despite its presence in almost all cervical cancers, hpv by itself is unable to transform a normal cell to a cancerous one. instead, additional cellular mutations are required to supplement the hpv oncoproteins e6 and e7. activation of the notch1 signaling pathway has been proposed as one of the cellular changes that cooperate with the e6 and e7 proteins to cause cervical cancers. this p ...	2003	14695182
geldanamycin and 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin potentiate the in vitro and in vivo radiation response of cervical tumor cells via the heat shock protein 90-mediated intracellular signaling and cytotoxicity.	ansamycin antibiotics inhibit function of the heat shock protein (hsp) 90, causing selective degradation of several intracellular proteins regulating such processes as proliferation, cell cycle regulation, and prosurvival signaling cascades. hsp90 has been identified previously as a molecular target for anticancer agents, including ionizing radiation (ir). therefore, we hypothesized that the ansamycin geldanamycin and its 17-allylamino-17-demethoxy analog (17-aag), which inhibit hsp90, would enh ...	2003	14695217
human papillomavirus and oral cancer: the international agency for research on cancer multicenter study.	human papillomavirus (hpv), the causal agent of cervical cancer, appears to be involved in the etiology of cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx. to investigate these associations, we conducted a multicenter case-control study of cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx in nine countries.	2003	14652239
prevalence and determinants of chlamydia trachomatis infections in women from bogota, colombia.	chlamydia trachomatis infection in the cervix and uterus has been hypothesised to be a co-factor for cervical cancer. we performed a cross sectional study in bogota, colombia, where cervical cancer rates are high, to determine the prevalence and determinants of c trachomatis infection, and in particular its association with human papillomavirus (hpv).	2003	14663124
high-risk human papillomaviruses may have an important role in non-oral habits-associated oral squamous cell carcinomas in taiwan.	to evaluate the etiologic role of human papillomavirus (hpv) in oral carcinogenesis, dna samples were purified from 103 oral squamous cell carcinoma (oscc) and 30 normal oral mucosal (nom) specimens. a nested polymerase chain reaction, dna sequencing, and gene-chip hpv typing were used to identify multiple hpv types in our samples. we found that the positive rates of all hpv types and of high-risk hpv types were significantly higher in oscc samples (49.5% and 41.7%, respectively) than in nom sam ...	2003	14671980
serum immunoglobulin a response to human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particles in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive and high-risk hiv-negative women.	serum samples from 2008 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive and 551 hiv-negative women were tested for immunoglobulin a (iga) to human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 capsids. iga seropositivity was lower than previously reported igg seropositivity (7% vs. 51%), but, like igg antibodies, hpv 16 iga was associated with sexual behavior, cervicovaginal hpv 16 dna, and cytological abnormalities. iga seropositivity was higher in hiv-positive women than in hiv-negative women (7.7% vs. 4.9%; p=.02 ...	2003	14673762
presence of human papillomavirus dna in plucked eyebrow hairs is associated with a history of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.	a role for cutaneous human papillomaviruses (hpv) has been proposed in the development of skin cancer. well-designed epidemiologic studies to demonstrate an association between hpv infection and skin cancer are extremely rare. to identify hpv infection as a potential risk factor, we investigated the association between the presence of hpv dna in eyebrow hairs and a history of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. a case-control study was designed consisting of 155 immunocompetent individuals with a ...	2003	14675206
the human papillomavirus type 11 and 16 e6 proteins modulate the cell-cycle regulator and transcription cofactor trip-br1.	the genital human papillomaviruses (hpvs) are a taxonomic group including hpv types that preferentially cause genital and laryngeal warts ("low-risk types"), such as hpv-6 and hpv-11, or cancer of the cervix and its precursor lesions ("high-risk types"), such as hpv-16. the transforming processes induced by these viruses depend on the proteins e5, e6, and e7. among these oncoproteins, the e6 protein stands out because it supports a particularly large number of functions and interactions with cel ...	2003	14675634
prevention of cervical cancer in africa: a daunting task?	africa has a high estimated incidence of cervical cancer, thus requiring the development of an effective prevention strategy. cytology-based screening is beyond the capacity of many african countries, hence the need for alternatives. visual inspection of the cervix after application of 3-5% acetic acid (via) is a promising screening test, with similar sensitivity to that of cytology but lower specificity. the same accounts for other via methods using magnification devices, visual inspection afte ...	2003	14677294
cervical human papillomavirus infections in commercial sex workers-risk factors and behaviours.	we have investigated the prevalence of, and risk factors for, cervical human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in commercial sex workers (csws) and controls attending the same sexual health clinics in sydney. a self-administered 'risk factor' questionnaire was completed and a pap smear and a specimen for hpv detection and typing were taken. results from the 288 csws and 266 controls were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses. no significant difference in the rates of cervical hpv infecti ...	2003	14678594
molecular detection of infections associated with neoplasia.	this article discusses the molecular targets and the methods for identification of human papillomavirus and the human gammaherpesviruses, epstein-barr virus and human herpesvirus type 8.	2003	14711098
preventative and therapeutic vaccines for cervical cancer.	"high-risk" genotypes of the human papillomavirus (hpv), most commonly hpv genotype 16, are the primary etiologic agents of cervical cancer. indeed hpv dna is detected in 99% of cervical carcinomas. thus, cervical cancer and other hpv-associated malignancies might be prevented or treated by the induction of the appropriate viral-antigen-specific immune responses. transmission of papillomavirus may be prevented by the generation of antibodies to capsid proteins l1 and l2 that neutralize viral inf ...	2003	14711335
hypothesis: the act of taking a papanicolaou smear reduces the prevalence of human papillomavirus infection: a potential impact on the risk of cervical cancer.	based on data collected in a case-control study of hormonal contraceptive use and invasive cervical cancer among south african colored and black women, we have reported a five-fold reduction in incidence among women who in their lifetimes had previously received as few as two papanicolaou (pap) smears. given the conditions prevailing in the community under study, a reduction in risk of this magnitude was surprising. we hypothesized that the act of performing a pap smear may trigger an immune res ...	2003	14750534
comparison of human papillomavirus dna levels in gynecological cancers: implication for cancer development.	we have previously demonstrated the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna in several gynecological cancers using conventional pcr. in the present study, to further understand the role of hpv in malignant transformation of these cancers, the infection rates and viral loads of hpv 16 and 18 in gynecological cancers were analyzed using real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr). hpv 16 dna was detected in 61.0% (58/95), 15.2% (7/46) and 32.1% (18/56) of cases of cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancer ...	2003	15004491
detection of human cytomegalovirus dna in 986 women studied for human papillomavirus-associated cervical neoplasia.	the aim of this study was to assess the association of human cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection with cervical histologic findings and possible interaction with human papillomavirus (hpv) infection.	2003	17051067
participants at the asccp 2000 biennial meeting adhere to published guidelines in their management of atypical squamous cells and atypical glandular cells on pap test.	to determine practice patterns of the american society for colposcopy and cervical pathology (asccp) 2000 biennial meeting participants for management of women with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ascus) and atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (agus).	2003	17051084
[malignancy arising in seborrheic keratosis: two cases report].	seborrheic keratosis are one of the most common benign epidermal tumors encountered in clinical practice. malignant transformation is exceptional. it may occur by the involvement of human papilloma virus. we report two cases of seborrheic keratosis in respectively 58 and 60-years-old women, which, on biopsy, revealed the presence of bowen's disease for the former and squamous cell carcinoma for the later.	2003	17722804
the diagnostic utility of human papillomavirus-testing in combination with immunohistochemistry in advanced gynaecologic pelvic tumours: a new diagnostic approach.	gynaecologic pelvic tumours comprise a range of histological entities that are highly variable with respect to their clinical behaviour. the distinction of these tumours can be extremely difficult. accurate identification of the primary tumour site has significant impact on the treatment strategy and prognosis. in this study we investigated the diagnostic and clinical utility of hpv (human papillomavirus)-testing in combination with selected immunohistochemical markers in advanced pelvic tumours ...	2004	15010819
human papillomavirus detection: verification with cervical cytology.	thirteen specific types of human papillomavirus (hpv), classified as high-risk for the development of cervical cancer, have been reported in 99.7% of all cervical cancers. for this reason, and because of the reported lack of sensitivity of the papanicolaou (pap) smear for detecting hpv, some experts believe that the use of papillomavirus dna testing may replace cytology for routine gynecological screening. our goal was to validate a commercial assay, the digene hybrid capture-2 for the detection ...	2004	15011974
adults' knowledge and behaviors related to human papillomavirus infection.	our objective was to assess adults' knowledge, risk behaviors, and preference for information about human papillomavirus (hpv).	2004	15014049
simultaneous human papilloma virus type 16 e7 and cdk inhibitor p21 expression induces apoptosis and cathepsin b activation.	human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) is the major risk factor for development of cervical cancer. the major oncoprotein e7 enhances cell growth control. however, e7 has in some reports been shown to induce apoptosis suggesting that there is a delicate balance between cell proliferation and induction of cell death. we have used the osteosarcoma cell line u2os cells provided with e7 and the cdk2 inhibitor p21 (cip1/waf1) under inducible control, as a model system for the analysis of e7-mediated a ...	2004	15016552
restriction fragment length polymorphism of l1 amplicon using rsa 1 detects five different human papillomavirus types and their co-infections among women attending a gynaecological outpatient department.	detection of human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6, 11, 16, 18, and 33 including co-infections among females attending gynaecological outpatient department and cancer clinics, was done by restriction fragment length polymorphism (using rsa-1), of approximately 450bp amplicon, obtained by the amplification of the l1 region of hpv genome with consensus primers my09/11 [cancer cells 7 (1989) 209]. the results were further tested with hpv type specific primers [j. med. virol. 29 (1989) 20]. the techniq ...	2004	15019264
adolescent sexually transmitted diseases: recent developments.	adolescents and young adults continue to have the highest rates of sexually transmitted diseases. new chlamydia and gonorrhea diagnostic tests are being used in innovative ways to increase the number of infections that are detected. nevertheless, challenges such as gonorrhea resistance and partner notification and treatment continue to hinder efforts to reduce the prevalence of these two bacterial infections. although recent surveillance data suggest a decreasing trend of herpes simplex virus 2 ...	2004	15023277
[expression of fascin 1 gene in the process of the immortalized esophageal carcinoma carcinogenesis].	fascin 1 is the 55kda f-actin- binding cytoskeleton protein. fascin 1 gene was cloned from a human teratocarcinoma. up to now, the carcinogenesis mechanism of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is unclear. the study was designed to identify the differentially expressed proteins and mrnas between the human immortalized esophageal epithelial cell line (shee) transfected by human papillomavirus type 18 e6e7 and the malignant transformation cell line (sheemt), which is derivated from shee, and to fu ...	2004	15025950
description of a seven-year prospective study of human papillomavirus infection and cervical neoplasia among 10000 women in guanacaste, costa rica,.	the guanacaste study ("guanacaste project," or gp), was designed to investigate the role of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection and its cofactors in the development of cervical neoplasia and to evaluate new cervical cancer screening technologies. the follow-up phase of the gp was designed to study why a small proportion of women infected with hpv develop cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (cin 2), cin 3, or cancer (these three together are globally referred to as > or = cin 2, that is, ...	2004	15030652
anti human papillomavirus vaccine: the checkmate to human papillomavirus?	cervical cancer is the second most frequently found neoplasia in women worldwide. at least 95% of cervical cancers contain viral dna which, in 80% of cases, belongs to one of the human papillomavirus (hpv) viral types at high oncogenic risk: 16, 18, 31 and 45. hpv is, at this point, considered the first "necessary cause" of cervical cancer, against which primary prevention with a reduction in the risk of infection can be carried out. numerous molecular biological studies have been conducted to i ...	2004	15032271
resistance to apoptosis of hpv 16-infected laryngeal cancer cells is associated with decreased bak and increased bcl-2 expression.	human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv 16) plays an etiological role in human laryngeal carcinoma. apoptosis is closely associated with various biological processes including oncogenesis. this study investigated how hpv 16 oncoproteins e6 and e7 affect apoptosis in human laryngeal cancer cells. we established two human laryngeal cancer cell lines that expressed hpv 16 e6 and e7, respectively. using these two cell lines, we found that both e6 and e7 exhibited an inhibitive effect on apoptosis induced ...	2004	15036664
detection of human papillomavirus dna in sperm using polymerase chain reaction.		2004	15037790
analysis of human papillomavirus prevalence and tp53 polymorphism in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.	head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is a disease associated with tobacco and alcohol abuse. there is evidence that the oncogenic human papillomavirus (hpv) may also be a risk for upper aerodigestive tract cancers. high-risk hpvs encode two early proteins, e6 and e7, that can bind to p53 and prb, respectively, and induce its degradation or inactivation. the tp53 gene has a single polymorphism at codon 72 of exon 4 that encodes either arginine (arg) or proline (pro). the purpose of this study wa ...	2004	15041222
distinction of endocervical and endometrial adenocarcinomas: immunohistochemical p16 expression correlated with human papillomavirus (hpv) dna detection.	determining the origin of uterine adenocarcinomas can be difficult in biopsy and curettage specimens because the morphologic spectrum of endocervical and endometrial adenocarcinomas overlaps. in hysterectomy specimens, the primary site is often equivocal for tumors that involve the lower uterine segment and endocervix and lack identifiable precursor lesions. most endocervical adenocarcinomas (ecas) contain high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) dna, whereas endometrial adenocarcinomas (emas) rarel ...	2004	15043304
prevalence of single and multiple hpv types in cervical carcinomas in jakarta, indonesia.	cervical cancer is the second most frequently occurring type of cancer in women worldwide. a persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) is a necessary causal factor in cervical carcinogenesis. the distribution of hpv types in populations has been studied worldwide. in indonesia, however, few data are available describing the prevalence of hpv. cervical carcinoma is the most common female cancer in indonesia and causes high morbidity and mortality figures. with hpv vaccination ...	2004	15047213
nfi-ski interactions mediate transforming growth factor beta modulation of human papillomavirus type 16 early gene expression.	human papillomaviruses (hpvs) are present in virtually all cervical cancers. an important step in the development of malignant disease, including cervical cancer, involves a loss of sensitivity to transforming growth factor beta (tgf-beta). hpv type 16 (hpv16) early gene expression, including that of the e6 and e7 oncoprotein genes, is under the control of the upstream regulatory region (urr), and e6 and e7 expression in hpv16-immortalized human epithelial cells is inhibited at the transcription ...	2004	15047811
cervical smears and human papillomavirus typing in sex workers.	sex workers are at increased risk for sexually transmitted infections (sti), human papillomavirus (hpv) and hence cervical cancer. in belgium screening for cervical cancer starts at the age of 25, and is at 3 yearly intervals. the aim of this study is to assess risks for abnormal cervical smears and hpv in sex workers and decide whether the current screening policy is sufficient for them.	2004	15054172
detection of human papillomavirus from liquid-based cytology specimens by in-house pcr: a pilot study.	the papanicolaou smear remains the most common method for the detection of precancerous changes in cervical cytology. however, the introduction of a liquid-based cytology (lbc) technique expands the possibility of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) diagnosis, and permits detection of precancerous changes and human papillomavirus (hpv) simultaneously. in the pilot study reported here, using an in-house polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method, high-grade hpv was detected in 32% of a cohort of ...	2004	15058739
adding hpv16 testing to abnormal cervical smear detection is useful for predicting cin3: a prospective study.	the aim of this prospective study was to estimate whether adding human papillomavirus 16 (hpv16) testing to abnormal cervical smears is useful in the prediction of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 (cin3).	2004	15059166
control of alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eif2 alpha) phosphorylation by the human papillomavirus type 18 e6 oncoprotein: implications for eif2 alpha-dependent gene expression and cell death.	phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eif2alpha) at serine 51 inhibits protein synthesis in cells subjected to various forms of stress including virus infection. the human papillomavirus (hpv) e6 oncoprotein contributes to virus-induced pathogenicity through multiple mechanisms including the inhibition of apoptosis and the blockade of interferon (ifn) action. we have investigated a possible functional relationship between the e6 oncoprotein and eif2a ...	2004	15060162
[detection of hpv16 e6 gene in cervical tissues by quantitative polymerase chain reaction].	to establish a method for detection of human papillomavirus (hpv) type16 e6 gene in cervical carcinomas specimens. to study the relationship between the quantities of hpv16 e6 (human papillomavirus type16 e6 gene) in cervical tissues and the course of cervical disease in xinjiang.	2004	15061964
nmr probing of in silico identification of anti-hpv16 e7 mab linear peptide epitope.	a proteomics-based approach was exploited in order to individuate peptide sequences having the immunogenic potential to evoke humoral response. the epitope search utilized two parameters: the similarity level of the peptide sequence to the host's proteins, and the peptide capability to bind to the major histocompatibility complex class ii molecules. by this approach, the human papillomavirus 16 e7(49-63) rahynivtfcckcds peptide was individuated as the immunogenic epitope recognized by an anti-hp ...	2004	15063005
predictive significance of the alterations of p16ink4a, p14arf, p53, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in the progression of cervical cancer.	the purpose of this research was to evaluate the clinical significance of p16ink4a, p14arf, p53, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pcna) expression in tumor progression of cervical cancer.	2004	15073118
the human papillomavirus 16 e6 protein binds to fas-associated death domain and protects cells from fas-triggered apoptosis.	high risk strains of human papillomavirus (hpv), such as hpv 16, cause human cervical carcinoma. the e6 protein of hpv 16 mediates the rapid degradation of the tumor suppressor p53, although this is not the only function of e6 and cannot completely explain its transforming potential. previous work in our laboratory has demonstrated that e6 can protect cells from tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis by binding to the c-terminal end of tumor necrosis factor r1, thus blocking apoptotic signal tr ...	2004	15073179
hdac inhibitors trigger apoptosis in hpv-positive cells by inducing the e2f-p73 pathway.	histone deacetylase (hdac) inhibitors induce an intrinsic type of apoptosis in human papillomavirus (hpv)-positive cells by disrupting the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (deltapsim). loss of deltapsim was only detected in e7, but not in e6 oncogene-expressing cells. hdac inhibition led to a time-dependent degradation of the pocket proteins prb, p107 and p130, releasing 'free' e2f-1 following initial g1 arrest. inhibition of proteasomal proteolysis, but not of caspase activity rescued prb ...	2004	15077164
human papillomavirus type 77 e6 protein selectively inhibits p53-dependent transcription of proapoptotic genes following uv-b irradiation.	dna damage, such as that elicited by uv-b, can induce either a cell cycle arrest or apoptosis that can be signalled by the p53 protein through the activation of a number of downstream cellular target genes. in contrast to oncogenic anogenital human papillomaviruses (hpvs), which mediate proteolytic degradation of p53, the e6 protein of cutaneous hpvs, such as hpv 77, do not promote p53 degradation. we have previously shown, however, that expression of hpv 77 e6 can effectively block uv-induced a ...	2004	15077176
telomere erosion and chromosomal instability in cells expressing the hpv oncogene 16e6.	progression to advanced-stage cervical carcinomas is characterized by a recurrent pattern of chromosomal rearrangements. structural chromosome rearrangements are generated through the fusion of broken chromosome ends. these chromosome breaks may be induced by mutagenic agents such as ionizing radiation, or chromosome ends may be exposed through extensive telomere shortening. the human papilloma virus oncogene 16e6 induces telomerase activity in human keratinocytes, a model system for cervical tu ...	2004	15077181
secretory heat-shock protein as a dendritic cell-targeting molecule: a new strategy to enhance the potency of genetic vaccines.	dna vaccines are an appealing strategy for inducing cytotoxic t-lymphocyte and antibody responses against tumor cells as well as infectious agents. dendritic cells (dcs) play a critical role in inducing immune responses, but their potential is not fully utilized in the dna vaccine setting since they take up only a minor fraction of the injected dna. here we describe a novel dna vaccination strategy based on the targeting of a modified tumor-associated antigen, the human papilloma virus (hpv) typ ...	2004	15085173
double cervix with bilateral and synchronous hsil associated with different high-risk hpv types. a case report.	high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (hsil) of the cervix is well known to be associated with human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. hsil and invasive carcinomas occurring synchronously in genital malformations, such as a double cervix, have been reported. it has been postulated that the field effect phenomenon of hpv infection is responsible for this synchronous infection. however, there is no information in the literature on the specific types of hpv causing the concomitant lesions in cas ...	2004	15085767
are muslim women less susceptible to oncogenic human papillomavirus infection? a study from rural eastern india.	muslim women are known to have lower incidences of cervical cancer and/or human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. here we aim to determine any association that may be present between the oncogenic hpv16/18 infections and abnormal cytological lesions along with demographic and other attributes among indian muslim women (n = 478) and compare with the neighboring hindus (n = 534) from a prospective cohort study. agewise distribution of both subject-groups is similar. hpv16/18 infection is present in ...	2004	15086729
cpg-odn-stimulated dendritic cells act as a potent adjuvant for e7 protein delivery to induce antigen-specific antitumour immunity in a hpv 16 e7-associated animal tumour model.	we previously reported that both e7 and cpg-oligodeoxynucleotide (odn) are required for protecting animals from human papillomavirus (hpv) 16 e7-associated tumour challenge. here we investigate dendritic cells (dc)-based approach in this protection. in the study, we isolated bone marrow-derived dc and stimulated dc with e7 and odn. in vitro stimulation of dc with e7 plus odn resulted in more production of interleukin-12, as compared to that with e7 or odn alone. further injection with e7+odn-sti ...	2004	15096191
an inducible surface presentation system improves cellular immunity against human papillomavirus type 16 e7 antigen in mice after nasal administration with recombinant lactococci.	human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) is the major causative agent of cervical cancer. to date, vaccine strategies against hpv-16 are based on the ability of the e7 oncoprotein to elicit an immune response against this virus. in this study, the use of an inducible or a constitutive system to produce the hpv-16 e7 protein in lactococcus lactis, a non-pathogenic and non-invasive gram-positive bacterium, was compared. the highest e7 production was obtained with the inducible system. when mice were ...	2004	15096553
performance assessment of eight high-throughput pcr assays for viral load quantitation of oncogenic hpv types.	infection with mucosotropic human papillomavirus (hpv) is the necessary cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. several epidemiological studies suggest that hpv viral load can be a risk factor of cervical dysplasia. the purpose of the present study was to evaluate a methodology to determine hpv viral load of eight oncogenic hpv types (16, 18, 31, 39, 45, 51, 52, and 58). the quantitation assay is based on a high-throughput real-time pcr. the e6-e7 region of hpv types 16, 18, 45, and 51 were ...	2004	15096567
distribution of human papillomavirus type 16 variants in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positive and -negative women.	the prevalence of human papillomavirus type 16 e6 variant lineages was characterized in a cross-sectional study of 24 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv)-positive and 33 hiv-negative women in new orleans. the european prototype was the predominant variant in the hiv-negative women (39.4 %), while in the hiv-positive women the european 350g variant was predominant (29.1 %). in exact logistic regression models, hiv-positive women were significantly more likely to harbour any variant with a n ...	2004	15105540
vulvar acanthosis with altered differentiation: a precursor to verrucous carcinoma?	verrucous carcinoma (vc) of the vulva is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma (scc) of the vulva that afflicts older women and is characterized by a well-differentiated morphology with minimal nuclear atypia. the pathogenesis of vc is uncertain and a putative role for human papillomavirus (hpv) is doubtful. we analyzed 9 vulvar vcs from 7 patients diagnosed as vc of the vulva over the past 10 years at brigham and women's hospital and beth israel deaconess medical center. the patients ranged ...	2004	15105653
the tea polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate effects on growth, apoptosis, and telomerase activity in cervical cell lines.	to investigate the effect of the major tea polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) in cervical carcinogenesis.	2004	14751158
zyc101a for treatment of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a randomized controlled trial.	the objective of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of a novel therapeutic, zyc101a, for the treatment of women with histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) 2/3. zyc101a contains plasmid-dna-encoding fragments derived from the e6 and e7 proteins of human papillomavirus (hpv) 16 and 18, and is formulated within small biodegradable microparticles.	2004	14754702
multicenter initiative seeking critical genes in respiratory papillomatosis.	to determine the host genes that govern susceptibility to recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (rrp). rrp is caused by human papillomavirus (hpv) 6 and 11. millions of babies are exposed during the birthing process, but relatively few develop the disease and the aggressiveness of the course is highly variable. genetically encoded host susceptibility is postulated. determining the host genes that govern susceptibility will enhance our understanding not only of rrp but also of host-viral interacti ...	2004	14755217
prevalence of papillomavirus infection in women in ibadan, nigeria: a population-based study.	to investigate the prevalence of and the risk factors for cervical infection with human papillomavirus (hpv) in an inner-city area of ibadan, nigeria, we interviewed and obtained a sample of cervical cells from 932 sexually active women aged 15 years or older. a total of 32 different hpv types were identified with an hpv prevalence of 26.3% overall and 24.8% among women without cervical lesions; or age-standardised to the world standard population of 28.3 and 27.3%, respectively. high-risk hpv t ...	2004	14760378
the multistage process of carcinogenesis in human esophageal epithelial cells induced by human papillomavirus.	to investigate the multistage process of carcinogenesis, the progressive alteration of the morphology, telomerase, cytogenesis, oncogenes and tumorigenicity in the process of immortalization and malignant transformation of the human fetal esophageal epithelial cell (shee) was studied. the shee cells were immortalized by gene e6e7 of human papilloma virus (hpv) type 18 in our laboratory and continually cultivated over 100 passages, which had been malignantly transformed. cells at the 11th, 35th, ...	2004	14767516
oral human papillomavirus infection in adults is associated with sexual behavior and hiv serostatus.	the prevalence and risk factors for oral human papillomavirus (hpv) infection are unknown, despite evidence for an etiological role for hpv in oral cancers. oral samples from human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seronegative (n=396) and hiv-seropositive (n=190) adults were tested for hpv dna. high-risk hpv infections were present in 2.1% of tonsil and 6.3% of oral-rinse specimens. the prevalence of oral high-risk hpv infection was greater in hiv-seropositive individuals (13.7% vs. 4.5%; p<.001). i ...	2004	14767823
screening for cervical cancer in developing countries.	cervical cancer is the most common malignancy amongst females in developing countries, mainly due to a lack of precursor screening. this absence of screening is the result of inherent disadvantages of the pap smear: high cost, low sensitivity, the need for a laboratory with high human expertise and a complex screening program logistic system. the prerequisites for screening in a developing country include a screening method that is affordable, which can be effectively applied once in a lifetime ...	2004	14871510
detection and typing of human papillomavirus in non-small cell lung cancer.	lung cancer is the most frequent cause of death in both men and women. smoking is the greatest risk factor for lung cancer and the relation of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection with lung cancer has been reported. hpv can be detected in small cell lung cancer samples with the methods like in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), southern blotting, dot blotting.	2004	14872117
expression of human papillomavirus type 16 e6 and e7 oncoproteins in primary foreskin keratinocytes is sufficient to alter the expression of angiogenic factors.	human papillomavirus (hpv) 16 is involved in causing cervical cancer. the e6 and e7 proteins of hpv 16 immortalize human keratinocytes and this is due, at least in part, to inactivation of the tumor suppressor proteins p53 and prb. these tumor suppressor proteins also regulate the expression of pro- and antiangiogenic factors by cells. for this reason, experiments were conducted to determine whether the expression of e6 and e7 in primary keratinocytes alters the phenotype of these cells such tha ...	2004	14968115
liquid-based cytology findings of glassy cell carcinoma of the cervix. report of a case with histologic correlation and molecular analysis.	glassy cell carcinoma is a rare form of poorly differentiated carcinoma of the cervix with no obvious squamous or glandular differentiation. its liquid-based cytology findings have not been described before.	2004	14969191
virologic versus cytologic triage of women with equivocal pap smears: a meta-analysis of the accuracy to detect high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia.	the appropriate management of women with minor cytologic lesions in their cervix is unclear. we performed a meta-analysis to assess the accuracy of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna testing as an alternative to repeat cytology in women who had equivocal results on a previous pap smear.	2004	14970277
women's desired information about human papillomavirus.	as human papillomavirus (hpv) dna testing is incorporated into cervical carcinoma screening programs, educational messages must be developed to inform women's screening choices and manage psychosocial responses to hpv dna test results. however, little is known about women's questions and concerns about hpv or their attitudes toward hpv testing.	2004	14716766
mutation and aberrant expression of caveolin-1 in human oral squamous cell carcinomas and oral cancer cell lines.	caveolin-1, a tumor suppressor gene, was found to be inactivated by structural abnormalities or epigenetic changes in several types of human cancers. in order to investigate the role of caveolin-1 in the pathogenesis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma, the exon 1 and 3 sequences of the caveolin-1 were investigated in 74 oral squamous cell carcinomas and 15 oral cancer cell lines. in addition, caveolin-1 expression was examined in 15 oral cancer cell lines. mutations of the caveolin-1 gene wer ...	2004	14719121
e6/e7 proteins of hpv type 16 and erbb-2 cooperate to induce neoplastic transformation of primary normal oral epithelial cells.	head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (hnscc) are characterized by a marked propensity for local invasion and spread to cervical lymph nodes, with distant metastases developing in 30-40% of cases. hpv-16 is an important risk factor for hnscc. how hpv enhances susceptibility to hnscc is not fully understood, but seems to involve cofactors. in this study, we examined the effect of the cooperation between hpv-16 and the tyrosine kinase receptor erbb-2 on e-cadherin/catenin complex patterns and neo ...	2004	14724563
the expression of key cell cycle markers and presence of human papillomavirus in squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil.	chemical carcinogens induce squamous cell carcinoma (scc) of the head and neck by targeting the p53 and the retinoblastoma (prb) pathways. human papillomavirus (hpv) might have an etiologic role in these cancers at particular sites. few studies have compared cell cycle protein expression in hpv-positive and hpv-negative tumors in this region.	2004	14724900
human papillomavirus (hpv) study of 2916 cytological samples by pcr and dna sequencing: genotype spectrum of patients from the west german area.	human papillomaviruses (hpvs) are aetiological agents for cervical cancer. more than 70 different hpv types that infect genital mucosa have been found. in order to develop a sensitive and specific detection and typing assay, a pcr/direct sequencing approach was used. two pairs of consensus primers were used for amplification of hpv dna and the pcr products obtained were analysed by automated sequencing. sequences were compared with those in genbank by using the blast program. in this study, 2916 ...	2004	14729933
risk factors for squamous intraepithelial lesions (sil) of the cervix among women residing at the us-mexico border.	it is now well established that cervical cancer is caused by oncogenic human papillomavirus (hpv) infections that commonly infect women worldwide. what remains to be understood are the factors that contribute to cervical cancer in the presence of hpv infection. we conducted a case-control analysis of women recruited at the us-mexico border to simultaneously evaluate factors associated with 3 cytologic outcomes: atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or atypical glandular cells of u ...	2004	14735476
enhancement of suicidal dna vaccine potency by delaying suicidal dna-induced cell death.	dna-based alphaviral rna replicon vectors, also called suicidal dna vectors, alleviate the concerns of integration or transformation related to conventional dna vectors since suicidal dna vectors eventually cause apoptosis of transfected cells. however, the expression of inserted genes in these vectors is transient and the potency of suicidal dna vaccines may be compromised because of apoptotic cell death. therefore, to enhance the immune response to the human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) e7 ...	2004	14737094
digene corporation.	digene corporation is a molecular diagnostics company that develops, manufactures and markets proprietary gene-based testing systems for the screening, monitoring and diagnosis of human diseases. the company's primary focus is in women's cancers and infectious diseases. our proprietary, patented hybrid capture((r)) technology has been successfully applied to the development of diagnostic tests for human papillomavirus (hpv), chlamydia, gonorrhea, hepatitis b virus and cytomegalovirus. digene's h ...	2004	14683424
discovery of small-molecule inhibitors of the atpase activity of human papillomavirus e1 helicase.	the boehringer ingelheim compound collection was screened for inhibitors of the atpase activity of human papillomavirus e1 helicase to develop antiviral agents that inhibit human papillomavirus (hpv) dna replication. this screen led to the discovery of (biphenyl-4-sulfonyl)acetic acid 1, which inhibits the atpase activity of hpv type 6 e1 helicase with a low micromolar ic(50) value. a hit-to-lead exercise rapidly converted 1 into a low nanomolar lead series.	2004	14695816
transition to an irreversible state of senescence in hela cells arrested by repression of hpv e6 and e7 genes.	inhibition of human papillomavirus (hpv) e6 and e7 transcription by means of the e2 protein of bovine papillomavirus 1 (bpv1) has been shown to induce acute growth arrest in hpv-positive cervical carcinoma cells. this state of arrest is marked by the expression of senescence phenotypes including sa beta-gal activity and lipofuscin accumulation. in this study, we examined the reversibility of these phenotypes by exogenously expressing the e6 and e7 genes into hela cells growth-arrested by the dep ...	2004	14706235
a case-control study of endogenous hormones and cervical cancer.	both parity and oral contraceptive use are associated with elevated circulating levels of sex hormones, at least transiently, and with increased risk of cervical cancer in human papillomavirus (hpv)-infected women. we directly evaluated whether elevations in the physiologic levels of these hormones predispose to the development of cervical neoplasia. we identified 67 premenopausal and 43 postmenopausal women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2, 3, or cervical cancer (>/=cin2) diagnosed dur ...	2004	14710222
analysis of the expression and localisation of a lap protein, human scribble, in the normal and neoplastic epithelium of uterine cervix.	recently, a lap protein, scribble, was identified in drosophila epithelia as a basolateral protein that controls the apical-basolateral polarity. loss of scribble causes disorganisation and overgrowth of the epithelia. scribble has a human homologue, human scribble (hscrib), which is a substrate of ubiquitin-mediated degradation by human papillomavirus e6 and the e6ap ubiquitin-protein ligase. in the present study, we revealed that hscrib localised to the basolateral regions of the epithelial ce ...	2004	14710229
the dna-binding domain of human papillomavirus type 18 e1. crystal structure, dimerization, and dna binding.	high risk types of human papillomavirus, such as type 18 (hpv-18), cause cervical carcinoma, one of the most frequent causes of cancer death in women worldwide. dna replication is one of the central processes in viral maintenance, and the machinery involved is an excellent target for the design of antiviral therapy. the papillomaviral dna replication initiation protein e1 has origin recognition and atp-dependent dna melting and helicase activities, and it consists of a dna-binding domain and an ...	2004	14593106
socioeconomic factors and cervical cancer mortality in spain during the period 1989-1997.	a study was made of cervical cancer (cc) mortality trends in spain during the period 1989-1997 at national, autonomous community and provincial levels, in relation to different socioeconomic factors. data were obtained from the spanish national institute of statistics (instituto nacional de estadística, ine). the crude mortality rates were age-adjusted using the indirect method and gross domestic product (gdp) as socioeconomic status (ses) indicator.	2004	14648177
cervical cancer control, priorities and new directions.	cervical cancer is caused by infection with a range of high risk "oncogenic" human papillomavirus (hpv) types, and it is now accepted that >99% of cervical cancer is initiated by hpv infection. the estimated lifetime risk of cervical cancer is nevertheless relatively low (less than 1 in 20 for most community based studies). although sensitivity and specificity of the available diagnostic techniques are suboptimal, screening for persistent hpv infection is effective in reducing the incidence of c ...	2004	14648697
tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (trail) decoy receptor trail-r3 is up-regulated by p53 in breast tumor cells through a mechanism involving an intronic p53-binding site.	tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptor 3 (trail-r3) is a decoy receptor for trail, a member of the tumor necrosis factor family. in several cell types decoy receptors inhibit trail-induced apoptosis by binding trail and thus preventing its binding to proapoptotic trail receptors. we studied the regulation of trail-r3 gene expression in breast tumor cells treated with the genotoxic drug doxorubicin (dxr). the breast tumor cell line mcf-7 (p53 wild type) responded to dxr ...	2004	14623878
relationship between smoking and human papillomavirus infections in hiv-infected and -uninfected women.	background. smoking may increase the risk of cervical cancer, a disease that is related to human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. however, the effects of smoking on the natural history of hpv are poorly understood, especially in women coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv).methods. hiv-infected (n=1797) and hiv-uninfected (n=496) women were assessed every 6 months for type-specific hpv dna. smoking status was self-reported. covariates included age, parity, sexual behavior, hiv load, c ...	2004	15122518
role of the retinoblastoma pathway in senescence triggered by repression of the human papillomavirus e7 protein in cervical carcinoma cells.	repression of the endogenous human papillomavirus (hpv) type 18 e7 gene in hela cervical carcinoma cells by the bovine papillomavirus e2 transcription factor activates the retinoblastoma (rb) pathway and induces cells to undergo senescence. to determine whether activation of the rb pathway is responsible for senescence in response to hpv18 e7 repression, we tested the ability of wild-type and mutant e7 proteins to affect the activity of the rb pathway and to modulate senescence in these cells. e ...	2004	15126344
combined oral contraceptives and cervical cancer.	the issue of whether there might be an increased risk of cervical cancer associated with the use of oral contraceptives has been debated for decades. early studies found a modest association with long-term use. a literature review was performed over the past 3 years, to establish whether there is any new evidence linking cervical cancer with the use of oral contraceptives.	2004	15128004