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both exo- and endo-nucleolytic activities of rnase j1 from staphylococcus aureus are manganese dependent and active on triphosphorylated 5'-ends.rna decay and rna maturation are important steps in the regulation of bacterial gene expression. rnase j, which is present in about half of bacterial species, has been shown to possess both endo- and 5' to 3' exo-ribonuclease activities. the exonucleolytic activity is clearly involved in the degradation of mrna and in the maturation of at least the 5'end of 16s rrna in the two firmicutes staphylococcus aureus and bacillus subtilis. the endoribonuclease activity of rnase j from a number of specie ...201728277929
antimicrobial peptide cwfw kills by combining lipid phase separation with autolysis.the synthetic cyclic hexapeptide cwfw (cyclo(rrrwfw)) has a rapid bactericidal activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. its detailed mode of action has, however, remained elusive. in contrast to most antimicrobial peptides, cwfw neither permeabilizes the membrane nor translocates to the cytoplasm. using a combination of proteome analysis, fluorescence microscopy, and membrane analysis we show that cwfw instead triggers a rapid reduction of membrane fluidity both in live ba ...201728276520
multimer recognition and secretion by the non-classical secretion pathway in bacillus subtilis.non-classical protein secretion in bacteria is a common phenomenon. however, the selection principle for non-classical secretion pathways remains unclear. here, our experimental data, to our knowledge, are the first to show that folded multimeric proteins can be recognized and excreted by a non-classical secretion pathway in bacillus subtilis. we explored the secretion pattern of a typical cytoplasmic protein d-psicose 3-epimerase from ruminococcus sp. 5_1_39bfaa (rdpe), and showed that its non- ...201728276482
[purification of human goose-type lysozyme 2 (hlysg2) from human seminal plasma and analysis of its enzymatic properties].objective to purify human goose-type lysozyme 2 (hlysg2) from human seminal plasma by chromatography and analyze its enzymatic properties. methods the distribution of hlysg2 in semen was analyzed by western blot analysis. seminal plasma was subjected to the separation of target protein using cation-exchange chromatography, chitin affinity chromatography and size-exclusion chromatography. the purified product was identified by western blot analysis and mass spectrometry (ms).the purity was analyz ...201728274309
broadly reactive aptamers targeting bacteria belonging to different genera using a sequential toggle cell-selex.conventional cell-selex aims to isolate aptamers to a single unique target bacteria species. we propose a method to isolate single-stranded dna aptamers that have broad reactivity to multiple bacterial targets belonging to different genera. the key of the proposed method is that targets of interest are changed sequentially at each selex round. the general scheme was examined using six bacteria from different genera, escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter fre ...201728272554
structure and function of the stressosome signalling hub.the stressosome is a multi-protein signal integration and transduction hub found in a wide range of bacterial species. the role that the stressosome plays in regulating the transcription of genes involved in the general stress response has been studied most extensively in the gram-positive model organism bacillus subtilis. the stressosome receives and relays the signal(s) that initiate a complex phosphorylation-dependent partner switching cascade, resulting in the activation of the alternative s ...201728271471
possible correlation between levansucrase production and probiotic activity of bacillus sp. isolated from honey and honey bee.five bacterial isolates from honey and bee gut were selected based on their high levansucrase activity and levan yield which were strongly positively correlated. all isolates showed good tolerance to temperature up to 70 °c, to nacl up to 3 m and to 0.1% h2o2. they maintained over 59 and 64% survival at ph 9.0 and 2.0 respectively, but showed varying tolerance to 0.1% bile salts and pancreatic enzymes. most isolates were susceptible to widely used antibiotics, but demonstrated diverse antimicrob ...201728271385
bacillus subtilis and surfactin inhibit the transmissible gastroenteritis virus entering intestinal epithelial cells.intestinal epithelial cells are the targets for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) infection. it is urgently to develop a novel candidate against tgev entry. bacillus subtilis is a probiotics with excellent anti-microorganism properties, and one of its secretions, surfactin, has been regarded as the versatile weapons for most plant pathogens, especially for the enveloped virus. we demonstrate for the first time that bacillus subtilis okb105 and its surfactin can effectively inhibit one a ...201728270576
chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of essential oil from premna microphylla turczaninow.premna microphylla turczaninow, an erect shrub, was widely used in chinese traditional medicine to treat dysentery, appendicitis, and infections. in this study, the essential oil from p. microphylla turcz. was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gc (gas chromatography) and gc-ms (gas chromatography-mass spectrometer). fifty-six compounds were identified in the oil which comprised about 97.2% of the total composition of the oil. major components of the oil were blumenol c (49.7%), β-ced ...201728264507
nattokinase: an oral antithrombotic agent for the prevention of cardiovascular disease.natto, a fermented soybean product, has been consumed as a traditional food in japan for thousands of years. nattokinase (nk), a potent blood-clot dissolving protein used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, is produced by the bacterium bacillus subtilis during the fermentation of soybeans to produce natto. nk has been extensively studied in japan, korea, and china. recently, the fibrinolytic (anti-clotting) capacity of nk has been recognized by western medicine. the national science fo ...201728264497
multifork chromosome replication in slow-growing bacteria.the growth rates of bacteria must be coordinated with major cell cycle events, including chromosome replication. when the doubling time (td) is shorter than the duration of chromosome replication (c period), a new round of replication begins before the previous round terminates. thus, newborn cells inherit partially duplicated chromosomes. this phenomenon, which is termed multifork replication, occurs among fast-growing bacteria such as escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis. in contrast, it was ...201728262767
ion exchange resins as additives for efficient protein refolding by dialysis.the most significant drawback of bacterial protein production involving inclusion bodies is the subsequent refolding into bioactive form. implementation of refolding operations in large-scale applications often fails due to low yields and/or low product concentrations. this paper presents a simple method of integrated refolding by dialysis and matrix assisted refolding that combines advantages of both methods, high product concentrations and high refolding yields. ion exchange resins (ier) and s ...201728259735
enhancing menaquinone-7 production by bacillus natto r127 through the nutritional factors and surfactant.bacillus natto is commonly used in industrial production of menaquinone-7, an important vitamin which plays a crucial role for blood clotting and may contribute to prevention of cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis. this study determined the optimal combination of key nutrients and established an effective use of surfactant in a coupling medium to enhance the yield of extracellular mk-7. mk-7 yield of 31.18 mg/l was achieved under optimal conditions containing 53.6 g/l glycerol, 100 g/l soy p ...201728258367
an efficient system for deletion of large dna fragments in escherichia coli via introduction of both cas9 and the non-homologous end joining system from mycobacterium smegmatis.accompanied with the internal non-homologous end joining (nhej) system, cas9 can be used to easily inactivate a gene or delete a fragment through introduction of dna double-stranded breaks (dsbs) in eukaryotic cells. while in most prokaryotes (e.g. escherichia coli), due to the lack of nhej, homologous recombination (hr) is required for repair of dsbs, which is less convenient. here, a markerless system was developed for rapid gene inactivation or fragment deletion in e. coli via introduction of ...201728257845
an extracellular aminopeptidase encoded by ywad gene plays an important role in supplying nitrogen nutrition for the growth of bacillus subtilis 168.to investigate the physiological role of an extracellular aminopeptidase (bsap168) encoded by ywad gene in bacillus subtilis 168, the ywad-deletion mutant (bs-ap-k) was constructed. compared with that of wild-type strain, the maximum growth rate of bs-ap-k was reduced by 28% when grown in soybean protein medium at 37°c, but not in lb medium. the impaired growth rate was more marked at higher temperature and can be compensated by amino acid supplement to the culture media. further studies showed ...201728257579
from substrate specificity to promiscuity: hybrid abc transporters for osmoprotectants.the abc-transporters opub and opuc from bacillus subtilis function as osmoprotectant import systems. their structural genes have most likely evolved through a duplication event but the two transporters are remarkably different in their substrate profile. opub possesses narrow substrate specificity, while opuc is promiscuous. we assessed the functionality of hybrids between these two abc-transporters by reciprocally exchanging the coding regions for the opubc and opucc substrate-binding proteins ...201728256787
the anti/syn conformation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine is modulated by bacillus subtilis polx active site residues his255 and asn263. efficient processing of damaged 3'-ends.8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8oxodg) is a major lesion resulting from oxidative stress and found in both dna and dntp pools. such a lesion is usually removed from dna by the base excision repair (ber), a universally conserved dna repair pathway. 8oxodg usually adopts the favored and promutagenic syn-conformation at the active site of dna polymerases, allowing the base to hydrogen bonding with adenine during dna synthesis. here, we study the structural determinants that affect the glycosi ...201728254425
next-generation sequencing analyses of bacterial community structures in soybean pastes produced in northeast china.fermented soybean foods contain nutritional components including easily digestible peptides, cholesterol-free oils, minerals, and vitamins. various fermented soybean foods have been developed and are consumed as flavoring condiments in asian regions. while the quality of fermented soybean foods is largely affected by microorganisms that participate in the fermentation process, our knowledge about the microorganisms in soybean pastes manufactured in northeast china is limited. the current study u ...201728253439
enhanced poly(3-hydroxypropionate) production via β-alanine pathway in recombinant escherichia coli.poly(3-hydroxypropionate) (p3hp) is a thermoplastic with great compostability and biocompatibility, and can be produced through several biosynthetic pathways, in which the glycerol pathway achieved the highest p3hp production. however, exogenous supply of vitamin b12 was required to maintain the activity of glycerol dehydratase, resulting in high production cost. to avoid the addition of vb12, we have previously constructed a p3hp biosynthetic route with β-alanine as intermediate, and the presen ...201728253372
self-organization of bacterial communities against environmental ph variation: controlled chemotactic motility arranges cell population structures in biofilms.as with many living organisms, bacteria often live on the surface of solids, such as foods, organisms, buildings and soil. compared with dispersive behavior in liquid, bacteria on surface environment exhibit significantly restricted mobility. they have access to only limited resources and cannot be liberated from the changing environment. accordingly, appropriate collective strategies are necessarily required for long-term growth and survival. however, in spite of our deepening knowledge of the ...201728253348
identification of lipopeptides produced by bacillus subtilis czk1 isolated from the aerial roots of rubber trees.we obtained a strain of bacillus subtilis, which we named czk1, from the aerial roots of rubber trees. this bacterial isolate exhibits strong antagonistic activity against ganoderma pseudoferreum, phellinus noxius, helicobasidium compactum, rigidoporus lignosus, sphaerostilbe repens, and colletotrichum gloeosporioides. our earlier research has shown that the antagonistic activity of a fermentation supernatant czk1 isolate produces a complex mixture of lipopeptides. in this study, we used methano ...201728252162
nematode neuropeptides as transgenic nematicides.plant parasitic nematodes (ppns) seriously threaten global food security. conventionally an integrated approach to ppn management has relied heavily on carbamate, organophosphate and fumigant nematicides which are now being withdrawn over environmental health and safety concerns. this progressive withdrawal has left a significant shortcoming in our ability to manage these economically important parasites, and highlights the need for novel and robust control methods. nematodes can assimilate exog ...201728241060
molecular characteristics of hemoglobins in blood clam and their immune responses to bacterial infection.bivalve hemoglobins have antibacterial activities, while the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. in our study, three full-length cdnas of hemoglobins from blood clam skhbs were obtained, encoding putative polypeptides of 147, 150, and 152 amino acids, respectively. predicted advanced protein structures showed that the skhbs had amphipathic antibacterial structures, displayed the typical structural characteristics of proteins with globin-like fold containing numerous alpha-helixes, an ...201728238912
microbial carcinogenic toxins and dietary anti-cancer protectants.several toxins are known which account for the ability of some bacteria to initiate or promote carcinogenesis. these ideas are summarised and evidence is discussed for more specific mechanisms involving chymotrypsin and the bacterial chymotryptic enzyme subtilisin. subtilisin and bacillus subtilis are present in the gut and environment and both are used commercially in agriculture, livestock rearing and meat processing. the enzymes deplete cells of tumour suppressors such as deleted in colorecta ...201728238104
preparation and characterization of an antibacterial ultrafiltration membrane with n-chloramine functional groups.in this study, a cardo poly(aryl ether ketone) ultrafiltration membrane containing an n-chloramine functional group (pek-n-cl membrane) was easily obtained via exposure of a cardo poly(aryl ether ketone) ultrafiltration membrane (pek-nh membrane) to dilute sodium hypochlorite solution. the chlorination process did not harm membrane performance. in addition, the pek-n-cl membrane was stable in both air and water. the pek-n-cl membrane exhibited excellent antimicrobial properties against both gram ...201728237757
competitive folding of rna structures at a termination / antitermination site.antitermination is a regulatory process based on the competitive folding of terminator/antiterminator structures that can form in the leader region of nascent transcripts. in the case of the bacillus subtilis lics gene involved in β-glucosides utilization, the binding of the antitermination protein lict to a short rna hairpin (rat) prevents the formation of an overlapping terminator and thereby allows transcription to proceed. here, we monitored in vitro the competition between termination and a ...201728235843
analysis of spo0m function in bacillus subtilis.spo0m has been previously reported as a regulator of sporulation in bacillus subtilis; however, little is known about the mechanisms through which it participates in sporulation, and there is no information to date that relates this protein to other processes in the bacterium. in this work we present evidence from proteomic, protein-protein interaction, morphological, subcellular localization microscopy and bioinformatics studies which indicate that spo0m function is not necessarily restricted t ...201728234965
biosurfactant and degradative enzymes mediated crude oil degradation by bacterium bacillus subtilis a1.in this work, the biodegradation of the crude oil by the potential biosurfactant producing bacillus subtilis a1 was investigated. the isolate had the ability to synthesize degradative enzymes such as alkane hydroxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase at the time of biodegradation of hydrocarbon. the biosurfactant producing conditions were optimized as ph 7.0, temperature 40°c, 2% sucrose and 3% of yeast extract as best carbon and nitrogen sources for maximum production of biosurfactant (4.85 g l(-1)). ...201728232826
complete genome sequence of bacillus subtilis strain 29r7-12, a piezophilic bacterium isolated from coal-bearing sediment 2.4 kilometers below the seafloor.here, we report the genome sequence of bacillus subtilis strain 29r7-12, a piezophilic bacterium isolated from coal-bearing sediment down to ~2.4 km below the ocean floor in the northwestern pacific. the strain is a gram-positive spore-forming bacterium, closely related to bacillus subtilis within the phylum firmicutes this is the first complete genome sequence of a bacillus subtilis strain from the deep biosphere. the genome sequence will provide a valuable resource for comparative studies of m ...201728232436
extracellular self-assembly of functional and tunable protein conjugates from bacillus subtilis.the ability to stably and specifically conjugate recombinant proteins to one another is a powerful approach for engineering multifunctional enzymes, protein therapeutics, and novel biological materials. while many of these applications have been illustrated through in vitro and in vivo intracellular protein conjugation methods, extracellular self-assembly of protein conjugates offers unique advantages: simplifying purification, reducing toxicity and burden, and enabling tunability. exploiting th ...201728230977
development of electrochemical biosensor for detection of pathogenic microorganism in asian dust events.we developed a single-walled carbon nanotubes (swcnts)-based electrochemical biosensor for the detection of bacillus subtilis, one of the microorganisms observed in asian dust events, which causes respiratory diseases such as asthma and pneumonia. swcnts plays the role of a transducer in biological antigen/antibody reaction for the electrical signal while 1-pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester (1-pbse) and ant-b. subtilis were performed as a chemical linker and an acceptor, respectively, for t ...201728226280
plant growth promotion by volatile organic compounds produced by bacillus subtilis syst2.bacterial volatiles play a significant role in promoting plant growth by regulating the synthesis or metabolism of phytohormones. in vitro and growth chamber experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of volatile organic compounds (vocs) produced by the plant growth promoting rhizobacterium bacillus subtilis strain syst2 on hormone regulation and growth promotion in tomato plants. we observed a significant increase in plant biomass under both experimental conditions; we observed an inc ...201728223976
biogenic nanoparticles bearing antibacterial activity and their synergistic effect with broad spectrum antibiotics: emerging strategy to combat drug resistant pathogens.the present study emphasizes on synthesis of bimetallic silver-gold nanoparticles from cell free supernatant of pseudomonas veronii strain as41g inhabiting annona squamosa l. the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using hyphenated techniques with uv-visible spectra ascertained absorbance peak between 400 and 800 nm. possible interaction of biomolecules in mediating and stabilization of nanoparticles was depicted with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir). x-ray diffraction (xr ...201728223861
preparation and biosorption evaluation of bacillus subtilis/alginate-chitosan microcapsule.the aim of this study was to assess the effect of alginate-chitosan microcapsule on viability characteristics of bacillus subtilis and the ability of b. subtilis/alginate-chitosan microcapsule to remove uranium ion from aqueous solution. the effects of particle size, chitosan molecular weight and inoculum density on viability characteristics were studied using alginate-chitosan microcapsule-immobilized b. subtilis experiments. in addition, the effects of ph, immobilized spherule dosage, temperat ...201728223783
effects of ohmic heating, including electric field intensity and frequency, on thermal inactivation of bacillus subtilis spores.methods for microbial inactivation are important in the food industry; however, conventional external heating (ch) reduces food quality. accordingly, the nonthermal effects of ohmic heating (oh) on bacillus subtilis spores in a sodium chloride aqueous solution at 101°c (i.e., the boiling point), as well as the effects of electric field intensity and frequency during oh, were investigated. survival kinetics were compared between oh and external ch. the inactivation effect on b. subtilis was great ...201728221892
inactivation of gram-positive bacteria by novel phenolic branched-chain fatty acids.novel phenolic branched-chain fatty acids (pbc-fas) were evaluated for their antimicrobial properties against both gram-positive ( listeria innocua , bacillus subtilis , enterococcus faecium ) and gram-negative ( escherichia coli , salmonella typhimurium, and pseudomonas tolaasii ) bacteria. in addition, pbc-fa derivatives, such as pbc-fa methyl ester mixture, methyl-branched fatty acid mixtures, and trimethylsilyl-pbc-fa methyl esters, were synthesized to study the structure activity relationsh ...201728221889
predominance of viable spore-forming piezophilic bacteria in high-pressure enrichment cultures from ~1.5 to 2.4 km-deep coal-bearing sediments below the ocean floor.phylogenetically diverse microorganisms have been observed in marine subsurface sediments down to ~2.5 km below the seafloor (kmbsf). however, very little is known about the pressure-adapted and/or pressure-loving microorganisms, the so called piezophiles, in the deep subseafloor biosphere, despite that pressure directly affects microbial physiology, metabolism, and biogeochemical processes of carbon and other elements in situ. in this study, we studied taxonomic compositions of microbial commun ...201728220112
a combination of mutational and computational scanning guides the design of an artificial ligand-binding controlled lipase.allostery, i.e. the control of enzyme activity by a small molecule at a location distant from the enzyme's active site, represents a mechanism essential for sustaining life. the rational design of allostery is a non-trivial task but can be achieved by fusion of a sensory domain, which responds to environmental stimuli with a change in its structure. hereby, the site of domain fusion is difficult to predict. we here explore the possibility to rationally engineer allostery into the naturally not a ...201728218303
the structure and function of the gram-positive bacterial rna degradosome.the rna degradosome is a highly structured protein complex responsible for bulk rna decay in bacteria. the main components of the complex, ribonucleases, an rna helicase, and glycolytic enzymes are well-conserved in bacteria. some components of the degradosome are essential for growth and the disruption of degradosome formation causes slower growth, indicating that this complex is required for proper cellular function. the study of the escherichia coli degradosome has been performed extensively ...201728217125
bacillus probiotic enzymes: external auxiliary apparatus to avoid digestive deficiencies, water pollution, diseases, and economic problems in marine cultivated animals.exploitation of marine fishes is the main source of several life-supporting feed compounds such as proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates that maintain the production of most trading marine organisms by aquaculture. however, at this rate the marine inventory will go to the end soon, since fishery resources are finite. in this sense, the availability of the principal ingredients obtained from marine fishes is going to decrease considerably, increasing the diet prices and affecting the economy of thi ...201728215324
green microwave-assisted combustion synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles with citrullus colocynthis (l.) schrad: characterization and biomedical applications.in this paper, a green microwave-assisted combustion approach to synthesize zno-nps using zinc nitrate and citrullus colocynthis (l.) schrad (fruit, seed and pulp) extracts as bio-fuels is reported. the structure, optical, and colloidal properties of the synthesized zno-np samples were studied. results illustrate that the morphology and particle size of the zno samples are different and depend on the bio-fuel. the xrd results revealed that hexagonal wurtzite zno-nps with mean particle size of 27 ...201728212344
presence of calcium lowers the expansion of bacillus subtilis colony biofilms.robust colony formation by bacillus subtilis is recognized as one of the sessile, multicellular lifestyles of this bacterium. numerous pathways and genes are responsible for the architecturally complex colony structure development. cells in the biofilm colony secrete extracellular polysaccharides (eps) and protein components (tasa and the hydrophobin bsla) that hold them together and provide a protective hydrophobic shield. cells also secrete surfactin with antimicrobial as well as surface tensi ...201728212310
discovery of a new family of relaxases in firmicutes bacteria.antibiotic resistance is a serious global problem. antibiotic resistance genes (arg), which are widespread in environmental bacteria, can be transferred to pathogenic bacteria via horizontal gene transfer (hgt). gut microbiomes are especially apt for the emergence and dissemination of arg. conjugation is the hgt route that is predominantly responsible for the spread of arg. little is known about conjugative elements of gram-positive bacteria, including those of the phylum firmicutes, which are a ...201728207825
crystal structure of dibenzothiophene sulfone monooxygenase bdsa from bacillus subtilis wu-s2b.the dibenzothiophene (dbt) sulfone monooxygenase bdsa from bacillus subtilis wu-s2b catalyzes the conversion of dbt sulfone to 2'-hydroxybiphenyl 2-sulfinate. we report the crystal structures of bdsa at a resolution of 2.80 å. bdsa exists as a homotetramer with a dimer-of-dimers configuration in the crystal, and the interaction between e288 and r296 in bdsa is important for tetramer formation. a structural comparison with homologous proteins shows that the orientation and location of the α9-α12 ...201728205250
cationic net charge and counter ion type as antimicrobial activity determinant factors of short lipopeptides.to get a better insight into the antimicrobial potency of short cationic lipopeptides, 35 new entities were synthesized using solid phase peptide strategy. all newly obtained lipopeptides were designed to be positively charged from +1 to +4. this was achieved by introducing basic amino acid - lysine - into the lipopeptide structure and had a hydrophobic fatty acid chain attached. lipopeptides were subjected to microbiological tests using reference strains of gram-negative bacteria: escherichia c ...201728203232
exopolysaccharide from bacillus subtilis induces anti-inflammatory m2 macrophages that prevent t cell-mediated disease.commensal bacteria contribute to immune homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract; however, the underlying mechanisms for this are not well understood. a single dose of exopolysaccharide (eps) from the probiotic spore-forming bacterium bacillus subtilis protects mice from acute colitis induced by the enteric pathogen citrobacter rodentium adoptive transfer of macrophage-rich peritoneal cells from eps-treated mice confers protection from disease to recipient mice. in vivo, eps induces development ...201728202619
characterization and application of endogenous phase-dependent promoters in bacillus subtilis.bacillus subtilis as an important host has been widely used in synthetic biology, metabolic engineering, and production of industrial enzymes. to fully take advantage of this organism, 114 endogenous putative promoters were measured with a green fluorescent protein reporter and four classes of phase-dependent promoters (class i: exponential phase; class ii: middle-log and early stationary phases; class iii: lag-log and stationary phases; class iv: stationary phase) with different strengths were ...201728197687
transcription profiling of bacillus subtilis cells infected with ar9, a giant phage encoding two multisubunit rna polymerases.bacteriophage ar9 is a recently sequenced jumbo phage that encodes two multisubunit rna polymerases. here we investigated the ar9 transcription strategy and the effect of ar9 infection on the transcription of its host, bacillus subtilis analysis of whole-genome transcription revealed early, late, and continuously expressed ar9 genes. alignment of sequences upstream of the 5' ends of ar9 transcripts revealed consensus sequences that define early and late phage promoters. continuously expressed ar ...201728196958
filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant z inhibitors from glycyrrhiza glabra and their inhibitory mode of action.ftsz is an essential protein for bacterial cell division, and an attractive and underexploited novel antibacterial target protein. screening of indonesian plants revealed the inhibitory activity of the methanol extract of glycyrrhiza glabra on the bacillus subtilis ftsz (bsftsz) gtpase, and further bioassay-guided fractionation of the active methanol extract led to the isolation of seven known polyketides (1-7). among them, gancaonin i (1), glycyrin (3), and isolicoflavanol (5) exhibited anti-bs ...201728196701
pimelic acid, the first precursor of the bacillus subtilis biotin synthesis pathway, exists as the free acid and is assembled by fatty acid synthesis.biotin synthetic pathways are readily separated into two stages, synthesis of the seven carbon α, ω-dicarboxylic acid pimelate moiety and assembly of the fused heterocyclic rings. the biotin pathway genes responsible for pimelate moiety synthesis vary widely among bacteria whereas the ring synthesis genes are highly conserved. bacillus subtilis seems to have redundant genes, bioi and biow, for generation of the pimelate intermediate. largely consistent with previous genetic studies it was found ...201728196402
harnessing a p-quinone methide intermediate in the biomimetic total synthesis of the highly active antibiotic 20-deoxy-elansolid b1.the polyketide, 20-deoxy elansolid b1, was prepared by a convergent strategy that relied on a putative biomimetic intramolecular diels-alder cycloaddition (imda) via a vinylic p-quinone methide intermediate to furnish the key tetrahydroindane unit. the (z,e,z)-configured triene unit was constructed by pd-catalyzed suzuki-miyaura and stille cross-coupling reactions without isomerization of any of the olefinic double bonds. formation of a p-methide quinone intermediate under basic conditions and s ...201728195370
a redox-responsive transcription factor is critical for pathogenesis and aerobic growth of listeria monocytogenes.bacterial pathogens have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to sense and adapt to redox stress in nature and within the host. however, deciphering the redox environment encountered by intracellular pathogens in the mammalian cytosol is challenging and remains poorly understood. in this study, we assessed the contributions of the two redox-responsive, spx-family transcriptional regulators to the virulence of listeria monocytogenes, a gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen. spx-family prot ...201728193635
a food-grade expression system for d-psicose 3-epimerase production in bacillus subtilis using an alanine racemase-encoding selection marker.food-grade expression systems require that the resultant strains should only contain materials from food-safe microorganisms, and no antibiotic resistance marker can be utilized. to develop a food-grade expression system for d-psicose 3-epimerase production, we use an alanine racemase-encoding gene as selection marker in bacillus subtilis.201728191448
fat, oil and grease reduction in commercial kitchen ductwork: a novel biological approach.recent research has characterised emissions upon cooking a variety of foods in a commercial catering environment in terms of volume, particle size and composition. however, there has been limited focus on the deposition of solid grease in commercial kitchen ductwork, the sustainability of these systems and their implications on the heat recovery potential of kitchen ventilation extract air. this paper reviews the literature concerning grease, commonly referred to as fat, oils and grease (fog) ab ...201728190679
construction and analysis of two genome-scale deletion libraries for bacillus subtilis.a systems-level understanding of gram-positive bacteria is important from both an environmental and health perspective and is most easily obtained when high-quality, validated genomic resources are available. to this end, we constructed two ordered, barcoded, erythromycin-resistance- and kanamycin-resistance-marked single-gene deletion libraries of the gram-positive model organism, bacillus subtilis. the libraries comprise 3,968 and 3,970 genes, respectively, and overlap in all but four genes. u ...201728189581
antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of flammulina velutipes polysacchrides and polysacchride-iron(iii) complex.fvp is polysacchrides obtained from flammulina velutipes. a polysacchride named fvp2 was isolated from fvp by deae cellulose-52 chromatography and sephadex g-100 size-exclusion chromatography. fvp-fe and fvp2-fe were synthesized by neutralization of fecl3 carbohydrate solution. the antibacterial and antifungal activities of fvp, fvp2, fvp-fe, fvp2-fe were investigated and their antioxidant effects on hydroxyl, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph), superoxide anion, 2,2'-azobis-(3-ethylbenzothiaz ...201728189237
thermo-responsive nanoarrays of silver nanoparticle, silicate nanoplatelet and pnipaam for the antimicrobial applications.the ternary nanohybrids of silver nanoparticles (agnps) in combination with silicate nanoplatelets (nsp) and thermally sensitive poly(n-isopropylacrylamide) (pnipaam) were fabricated for antibacterial applications. pnipaam were chemically grafted on the nsp by atom-transfer radical polymerization (atrp) via polymerizing n-isopropylacrylamide monomers with sol-gel linkers (bbtes). the nanoparticles of agnps then were adsorbed on nsp-pnipaam nanosheets through in situ reduction reaction of agno3 i ...201728189097
study of the dual effect of gamma irradiation and strontium substitution on bioactivity, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial properties of 45s5 bioglass.in this work, we studied simultaneous effect of gamma irradiation and sro substitution for na2 o on bioactivity, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial properties of 45s5 glass. gamma irradiation was mainly introduced in this work as an effective sterilizing technique, improvement of bulk properties and surface modification of glass. where, gamma irradiation is considered a modifier for glass network due to generation of defects resulted from this irradiation. furthermore, sro was introduced into the gl ...201728187505
current status of the preharvest application of pro- and prebiotics to farm animals to enhance the microbial safety of animal products.the selection of microorganisms that act as probiotics and feed additives that act as prebiotics is an ongoing research effort, but a sizable range of commercial pro-, pre- and synbiotic (combining pro- and prebiotics) products are already available and being used on farms. a survey of the composition of commercial products available in the united states revealed that lactobacillus acidophilus, enterococcus faecium, and bacillus subtilis were the three most common species in probiotic products. ...201728185614
recent advances in genetic modification systems for actinobacteria.actinobacteria are extremely important to human health, agriculture, and forests. because of the vast differences of the characteristics of actinobacteria, a lot of genetic tools have been developed for efficiently manipulating the genetics. although there are a lot of successful examples of engineering actinobacteria, they are still more difficult to be genetically manipulated than other model microorganisms such as saccharomyces cerevisiae, escherichia coli, and bacillus subtilis etc. due to t ...201728184986
anti-microbial surfaces: an approach for deposition of zno nanoparticles on pva-gelatin composite film by screen printing technique.initially micro-organisms get exposed to the surfaces, this demands development of anti-microbial surfaces to inhibit their proliferation. therefore, herein, we attempt screen printing technique for development of pva-ge/zno nanocomposite (pg/zno) films. the synthesis of pg/zno nanocomposite includes two steps as: (i) coating of zinc oxide nanoparticles (zno nps) by poly ethylene glycol in order to be compatible with organic counterparts. (ii) deposition of coated nanoparticles on the pg film su ...201728183607
corrigendum: efficient biosynthesis of a cecropin a-melittin mutant in bacillus subtilis wb700. 201728181522
madurastatin b3, a rare aziridine derivative from actinomycete nocardiopsis sp. ls150010 with potent anti-tuberculosis activity.since the discovery of the first antibiotic, natural products have played an important role in chemistry, biology and medicine. to explore the potential of bioactive compounds from microbes isolated from the southeast of tibet, china, a crude extract library was constructed and screened against staphylococcus aureus. the strain nocardiopsis sp. ls150010 was scaled up and subjected to further chemical studies, resulting in the identification of n-salicyloyl-2-aminopropan-1,3-diol (2) and its rare ...201728181080
<i></i>sporicidal efficacy of thermal sprayed copper alloy coating.approximately 200,000 canadians acquire healthcare-associated bacterial infections each year and several-fold more acquire food-borne bacterial illnesses.  bacterial spores are particularly problematic as they survive several months on surfaces.  due to its sporicidal activity, copper sheet metal is sometimes used in hospital settings but widespread use is limited by cost and incompatibility with complex furniture/instrument design and topographies.  a potential alternative is the use of thermal ...201728177787
antibacterial low-molecular-weight compounds produced by the marine bacterium rheinheimera japonica kmm 9513(t).strain kmm 9513(t) was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the sea of japan seashore and selected due to its ability to inhibit indicator bacterial growth. the strain kmm 9513(t) has been recently described as a novel species rheinheimera japonica. this study was undertaken to determine which substances produced by strain kmm 9513(t) could be responsible for its antimicrobial activity. eight compounds were obtained from an ethyl acetate extract of r. japonica kmm 9513(t). the structur ...201728176144
bacillus subtilis swarmer cells lead the swarm, multiply, and generate a trail of quiescent descendants.bacteria adopt social behavior to expand into new territory, led by specialized swarmers, before forming a biofilm. such mass migration of bacillus subtilis on a synthetic medium produces hyperbranching dendrites that transiently (equivalent to 4 to 5 generations of growth) maintain a cellular monolayer over long distances, greatly facilitating single-cell gene expression analysis. paradoxically, while cells in the dendrites (nonswarmers) might be expected to grow exponentially, the rate of swar ...201728174308
crystal structure and biochemical characterization of the transmembrane pap2 type phosphatidylglycerol phosphate phosphatase from bacillus subtilis.type 2 phosphatidic acid phosphatases (pap2s) can be either soluble or integral membrane enzymes. in bacteria, integral membrane pap2s play major roles in the metabolisms of glycerophospholipids, undecaprenyl-phosphate (c55-p) lipid carrier and lipopolysaccharides. by in vivo functional experiments and biochemical characterization we show that the membrane pap2 coded by the bacillus subtilis yodm gene is the principal phosphatidylglycerol phosphate (pgp) phosphatase of b. subtilis. we also confi ...201728168443
effects of rhodomyrtone on gram-positive bacterial tubulin homologue ftsz.rhodomyrtone, a natural antimicrobial compound, displays potent activity against many gram-positive pathogenic bacteria, comparable to last-defence antibiotics including vancomycin and daptomycin. our previous studies pointed towards effects of rhodomyrtone on the bacterial membrane and cell wall. in addition, a recent molecular docking study suggested that the compound could competitively bind to the main bacterial cell division protein ftsz. in this study, we applied a computational approach ( ...201728168121
mucosal antibodies to the c terminus of toxin a prevent colonization of clostridium difficile.mucosal immunity is considered important for protection against clostridium difficile infection (cdi). we show that in hamsters immunized with bacillus subtilis spores expressing a carboxy-terminal segment (tcda26-39) of c. difficile toxin a, no colonization occurs in protected animals when challenged with c. difficile strain 630. in contrast, animals immunized with toxoids showed no protection and remained fully colonized. along with neutralizing toxins, antibodies to tcda26-39 (but not to toxo ...201728167669
rapid turnover of dnaa at replication origin regions contributes to initiation control of dna replication.dnaa is a conserved key regulator of replication initiation in bacteria, and is homologous to orc proteins in archaea and in eukaryotic cells. the atpase binds to several high affinity binding sites at the origin region and upon an unknown molecular trigger, spreads to several adjacent sites, inducing the formation of a helical super structure leading to initiation of replication. using frap analysis of a functional yfp-dnaa allele in bacillus subtilis, we show that dnaa is bound to oric with a ...201728166228
identification of a key gene involved in branched-chain short fatty acids formation in natto by transcriptional analysis and enzymatic characterization in bacillus subtilis.natto as a fermented soybean product has many health benefits for human due to its rich nutritional and functional components. however, the unpleasant odor of natto, caused by the formation of branched-chain short fatty acids (bcfas), prohibits the wide acceptance of natto products. this work is to identify the key gene of bcfas formation and develop the guidance to reduce natto odor. transcriptional analysis of bcfas synthesis pathway genes was conducted in two bacillus subtilis strains with ob ...201728165735
bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus velezensis, and bacillus siamensis form an "operational group b. amyloliquefaciens" within the b. subtilis species complex.the plant growth promoting model bacterium fzb42(t) was proposed as the type strain of bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum (borriss et al., 2011), but has been recently recognized as being synonymous to bacillus velezensis due to phylogenomic analysis (dunlap c. et al., 2016). however, until now, majority of publications consider plant-associated close relatives of fzb42 still as "b. amyloliquefaciens." here, we reinvestigated the taxonomic status of fzb42 and related strains in its cont ...201728163698
sensor development of 1,2 dichlorobenzene based on polypyrole/cu-doped zno (ppy/czo) nanocomposite embedded silver electrode and their antimicrobial studies.cu-doped zno nanopowders and their composites of polypyrole (ppy)/czo were prepared by a gel combustion method and an in-situ polymerization process, respectively. the synthesized nanocomposite are characterized by x-ray powder diffractometry (xrd), scanning electron microscopy (sem), ftir, and tga studies. then the ppy/czo/age nanocomposites were used for potential application in chemical sensing by easy and reliable i-v method, where 1,2 dichlorobenzene (1,2-dcb) is considered as a model targe ...201728163125
bioconversion of fish solid waste into phb using bacillus subtilis based submerged fermentation process.currently, one of the major problem affecting the world is solid waste management, predominantly petroleum-based plastic and fish solid waste (fsw). however, it is very difficult to reduce the consumption of plastic as well as fish products, but it is promising to convert fsw to biopolymer to reduce eco-pollution. on account of that, the bioconversion of fsw extract to polyhydroxybutyrate (phb) was undertaken by using bacillus subtilis (kp172548). under optimized conditions, 1.62 g/l of phb has ...201728162048
solution nmr structure of rhe_ch02687 from rhizobium etli: a novel flavonoid-binding protein.we report the solution nmr structure of rhe_ch02687 from rhizobium etli. its structure consists of two β-sheets that together with two short and one long α-helix form a hydrophobic cavity. this protein shows a high structural similarity to the prokaryotic protein yndb from bacillus subtilis, and the eukaryotic protein aha1. nmr titration experiments confirmed that rhe_ch02687, like its homolog yndb, interacted with flavonoids, giving support for a biological function as a flavonoid sensor in the ...201728160315
quantitative analysis of correlation between at and gc biases among bacterial genomes.due to different replication mechanisms between the leading and lagging strands, nucleotide composition asymmetries widely exist in bacterial genomes. a general consideration reveals that the leading strand is enriched in guanine (g) and thymine (t), and the lagging strand shows richness in adenine (a) and cytosine (c). however, some bacteria like bacillus subtilis have been discovered composing more a than t in the leading strand. to investigate the difference, we analyze the nucleotide asymmet ...201728158313
recognition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic promoters using convolutional deep learning neural networks.accurate computational identification of promoters remains a challenge as these key dna regulatory regions have variable structures composed of functional motifs that provide gene-specific initiation of transcription. in this paper we utilize convolutional neural networks (cnn) to analyze sequence characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic promoters and build their predictive models. we trained a similar cnn architecture on promoters of five distant organisms: human, mouse, plant (arabidopsis ...201728158264
variation in chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of wild populations of phlomis olivieri.various species of the genus phlomis have been reported to produce metabolites demonstrating significant pharmacological efficiency. in this study, the essential oils from 12 populations of phlomis olivieri collected from natural habitats were investigated for their chemical components. the hydrodistillated essential oil analyzed by gc-fid and gc-ms. analyses revealed 27 compounds, constituting 90.52-98.51% of the essential oils. results indicated that the major components of the essential oils ...201728155254
bacillus subtilis smc complexes juxtapose chromosome arms as they travel from origin to terminus.structural maintenance of chromosomes (smc) complexes play critical roles in chromosome dynamics in virtually all organisms, but how they function remains poorly understood. in the bacterium bacillus subtilis, smc-condensin complexes are topologically loaded at centromeric sites adjacent to the replication origin. here we provide evidence that these ring-shaped assemblies tether the left and right chromosome arms together while traveling from the origin to the terminus (>2 megabases) at rates >5 ...201728154080
d-amino acids reduce enterococcus faecalis biofilms in vitro and in the presence of antimicrobials used for root canal treatment.enterococcus faecalis is the most frequent species present in post-treatment disease and plays a significant role in persistent periapical infections following root canal treatment. its ability to persist in stressful environments is inter alia, due to its ability to form biofilms. the presence of certain d-amino acids (daas) has previously been shown to reduce formation of bacillus subtilis biofilms. the aims of this investigation were to determine if daas disrupt biofilms in early and late gro ...201728151960
optimization of microbial flocculant-producing medium for bacillus subtilis.this study aimed to improve microbial flocculant production by optimizing the components of a bacillus subtilis cz1003 culture medium. using the flocculation rate as the dependent variable, single-factor experiments were performed and beef extract at a concentration of 9 g/l was found to be the optimal nitrogen source, while glucose at a concentration of 20 g/l was the optimal carbon source. kcl, mgcl2, nacl, and cacl2 at concentrations of 0.75, 2.5, 0.5, and 5.0 g/l, respectively, were the opti ...201728148983
a new antibacterial chromone derivative from mangrove-derived fungus penicillium aculeatum (no. 9eb).one new chromone derivative, (2's*)-2-(2'-hydroxypropyl)-5-methyl-7, 8-dihydroxy-chromone (1), together with three known compounds, bacillisporin a (2), bacillisporin b (3) and 5-carboxyphthalide (4) were obtained from the mangrove-derived fungus penicillium aculeatum (no. 9eb). their structures were elucidated by the detailed analysis of comprehensive spectroscopic data. compounds 2 and 3 exhibited potent inhibitory activity against bacillus subtilis with the same mic values of 0.13 ± 0.02 μm, ...201728147702
immunostimulatory activity of opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten cladodes fermented by lactobacillus plantarum and bacillus subtilis in raw 264.7 macrophages.to increase the functionality of opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten cladodes, it was fermented by lactobacillus plantarum and bacillus subtilis. eighty percent methanol extracts were investigated for their effects on nitric oxide (no) production, cytokine secretion, nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb) activity, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) phosphorylation in raw 264.7 cells. methanol extracts of l. plantarum culture medium (lpcme) and b. subtilis culture medium (bscme) did not affect lipopol ...201728146407
rnase e and rnase j are needed for s-adenosylmethionine homeostasis in sinorhizobium meliloti.the ribonucleases (rnases) e and j play major roles in escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis, respectively, and co-exist in sinorhizobium meliloti. we analyzed s. meliloti 2011 mutants with mini-tn5 insertions in the corresponding genes rne and rnj and found many overlapping effects. we observed similar changes in mrna levels including lower mrna levels of the motility and chemotaxis related genes flaa, flgb, and cher and higher levels of ndva (important for glucan export). the acyl-homoserine ...201728141492
quality control by isoleucyl-trna synthetase of bacillus subtilis is required for efficient sporulation.isoleucyl-trna synthetase (ilers) is an aminoacyl-trna synthetase whose essential function is to aminoacylate trna(ile) with isoleucine. like some other aminoacyl-trna synthetases, ilers can mischarge trna(ile) and correct this misacylation through a separate post-transfer editing function. to explore the biological significance of this editing function, we created a iles(t233p) mutant of bacillus subtilis that allows trna(ile) mischarging while retaining wild-type ile-trna(ile) synthesis activi ...201728139725
carboxymethyl cellulase production optimization from newly isolated thermophilic bacillus subtilis k-18 for saccharification using response surface methodology.in this study, a novel thermophilic strain was isolated from soil and used for cellulase production in submerged fermentation using potato peel as sole carbon source. the bacterium was identified by 16s rrna gene sequencing technology. central composite design was applied for enhanced production using substrate concentration, inoculum size, yeast extract and ph as dependent variables. highest enzyme titer of 3.50 ± 0.11 iu/ml was obtained at 2% substrate concentration, 2% inoculum size, 1% yeast ...201728138939
corrigendum: roda as the missing glycosyltransferase in bacillus subtilis and antibiotic discovery for the peptidoglycan polymerase pathway. 201728134912
bacillus subtilis biofilm extends caenorhabditis elegans longevity through downregulation of the insulin-like signalling pathway.beneficial bacteria have been shown to affect host longevity, but the molecular mechanisms mediating such effects remain largely unclear. here we show that formation of bacillus subtilis biofilms increases caenorhabditis elegans lifespan. biofilm-proficient b. subtilis colonizes the c. elegans gut and extends worm lifespan more than biofilm-deficient isogenic strains. two molecules produced by b. subtilis - the quorum-sensing pentapeptide csf and nitric oxide (no) - are sufficient to extend c. e ...201728134244
bioleaching of electronic waste using bacteria isolated from the marine sponge hymeniacidon heliophila (porifera).the bacteria isolated from hymeniacidon heliophila sponge cells showed bioleaching activity. the most active strain, hyhel-1, identified as bacillus sp., was selected for bioleaching tests under two different temperatures, 30°c and 40°c, showing rod-shaped cells and filamentous growth, respectively. at 30°c, the bacteria secreted substances which linked to the leached copper, and at 40°c metallic nanoparticles were produced inside the cells. in addition, infrared analysis detected cooh groups an ...201728131039
spore heat activation requirements and germination responses correlate with sequences of germinant receptors and with the presence of a specific spova(2mob) operon in foodborne strains of bacillus subtilis.spore heat resistance, germination, and outgrowth are problematic bacterial properties compromising food safety and quality. large interstrain variation in these properties makes prediction and control of spore behavior challenging. high-level heat resistance and slow germination of spores of some natural bacillus subtilis isolates, encountered in foods, have been attributed to the occurrence of the spova(2mob) operon carried on the tn1546 transposon. in this study, we further investigate the co ...201728130296
transfer and expression of the rabbit defensin np-1 gene in lettuce (lactuca sativa).lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) is an annual plant of the daisy family, asteraceae, with high food and medicinal value. however, the crop is susceptible to several viruses that are transmitted by aphids and is highly vulnerable to post-harvest diseases, as well as insect and mammal pests and fungal and bacterial diseases. here, the rabbit defensin gene np-1 was transferred into lettuce by agrobacterium-mediated transformation to obtain a broad-spectrum disease-resistant lettuce. transgenic lettuce p ...201728128415
metabolic engineering of bacillus subtilis for biosynthesis of heparosan using heparosan synthase from pasteurella multocida, pmhs1.heparosan, the capsular polysaccharide discovered in many pathogenic bacteria, is a promising material for heparin preparation. in this study, the pasteurella multocida heparosan synthase 1 (pmhs1) module was used to synthesize heparosan with controlled molecular weight, while tuad/gtab module or gcad module was responsible for udp-precursors production in bacillus subtilis 168. after metabolic pathway optimization, the yield of heparosan was as high as 237.6 mg/l in strain containing pmhs1 modu ...201728120124
expression of heterologous oxalate decarboxylase in hek293 cells confers protection against oxalate induced oxidative stress as a therapeutic approach for calcium oxalate stone disease.oxalates stimulate alterations in renal epithelial cells and thereby induce calcium oxalate (caox) stone formation. bacillus subtilis yvrk gene encodes for oxalate decarboxylase (oxdc) which degrades oxalate to formate and co2. the present work is aimed to clone the oxdc gene in a mammalian expression vector pcdna and transfect into human embryonic kidney 293 (hek293) cells and evaluate the oxdc expression, cell survival rate and oxalate degrading efficiency. the results indicate cell survival r ...201728118755
pentapeptide-rich peptidoglycan at the bacillus subtilis cell-division site.peptidoglycan (pg), the major component of the bacterial cell wall, is one large macromolecule. to allow for the different curvatures of pg at cell poles and division sites, there must be local differences in pg architecture and eventually also chemistry. here we report such local differences in the gram-positive rod-shaped model organism bacillus subtilis. single-cell analysis after antibiotic treatment and labeling of the cell wall with a fluorescent analogue of vancomycin or the fluorescent d ...201728118510
critical minireview: the fate of trna(cys) during oxidative stress in bacillus subtilis.oxidative stress occurs when cells are exposed to elevated levels of reactive oxygen species that can damage biological molecules. one bacterial response to oxidative stress involves disulfide bond formation either between protein thiols or between protein thiols and low-molecular-weight (lmw) thiols. bacillithiol was recently identified as a major low-molecular-weight thiol in bacillus subtilis and related firmicutes. four genes (bsha, bshb1, bshb2, and bshc) are involved in bacillithiol biosyn ...201728117687
ligand binding to 2'-deoxyguanosine sensing riboswitch in metabolic context.the mfl-riboswitch is a transcriptional off-switch, which down-regulates expression of subunit β of ribonucleotide reductase in mesoplasma florum upon 2'-deoxyguanosine binding. we characterized binding of 2'-deoxyguanosine to the mfl-aptamer domain (wt aptamer) and a sequence-stabilized aptamer (mt aptamer) under in vitro and 'in-cell-like' conditions by isothermal titration calorimetry (itc) and nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. 'in-cell-like' environment was simulated by bacillus ...201728115631
the replisomes remain spatially proximal throughout the cell cycle in bacteria.the positioning of the dna replication machinery (replisome) has been the subject of several studies. two conflicting models for replisome localization have been proposed: in the factory model, sister replisomes remain spatially co-localized as the replicating dna is translocated through a stationary replication factory. in the track model, sister replisomes translocate independently along a stationary dna track and the replisomes are spatially separated for the majority of the cell cycle. here, ...201728114307
membrane remodeling and organization: elements common to prokaryotes and eukaryotes.membrane remodeling processes in eukaryotes, such as those involved in endocytosis and intracellular trafficking, are mediated by a large number of structural, accessory and regulatory proteins. these processes occur in all cell types, enabling the exchange of signals and/or nutrients with the external medium and with neighboring cells; likewise, they are required for the intracellular trafficking of various cargo molecules between organelles, as well as the recycling of these structures. recent ...201728111926
discovery of reactive microbiota-derived metabolites that inhibit host proteases.the gut microbiota modulate host biology in numerous ways, but little is known about the molecular mediators of these interactions. previously, we found a widely distributed family of nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene clusters in gut bacteria. here, by expressing a subset of these clusters in escherichia coli or bacillus subtilis, we show that they encode pyrazinones and dihydropyrazinones. at least one of the 47 clusters is present in 88% of the national institutes of health human microbiome ...201728111075
development of a radio frequency heating system for sterilization of vacuum-packed fish in water.we developed equipment that quickly and uniformly heats packed whole fish in circulating tap water using radio frequency (rf) heating. four vacuumed plastic-packed pacific sauries in tap water were set in a radial arrangement between coaxial cylindrical electrodes in a closed vessel. for sterilization testing, bacillus subtilis spores added in the center of the sauries were counted after treatment. for quality assurance, meat color and backbone hardness were measured after treatment. the tempera ...201728110599
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