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cultivation-based strategies to find efficient marine biocatalysts.marine bacteria have evolved to survive in the marine environment by using unique physiological, biochemical and metabolic features and the ability to produce enzymes and compounds which may have commercial value. the azores archipelago presents several ecosystems with strong volcanic activity where bacteria thrive under e.g. high temperatures. in this study, samples collected in the island of são miguel were screened for biocatalysts possessing e.g. lipase, esterase, amylase, and inulinase acti ...201728294564
hierarchical mutational events compensate for glutamate auxotrophy of a bacillus subtilis gltc mutant.glutamate is the major donor of nitrogen for anabolic reactions. the gram-positive soil bacterium bacillus subtilis either utilizes exogenously provided glutamate or synthesizes it using the gltab-encoded glutamate synthase (gogat). in the absence of glutamate, the transcription factor gltc activates expression of the gogat genes for glutamate production. consequently, a gltc mutant strain is auxotrophic for glutamate. using a genetic selection and screening system, we could isolate and differen ...201728294562
transcriptional regulation of adhesive properties of bacillus subtilis to extracellular matrix proteins through the fibronectin-binding protein yloa.bacterial adherence to extracellular matrix proteins (ecmp) plays important roles during host-pathogen interaction, however its genetic regulation remains poorly understood. yloa of the model bacterium bacillus subtilis shows high homology to genes encoding fibronectin-binding proteins of gram-positive pathogens. here, we characterized the regulatory network of yloa-dependent adhesive properties of the probiotic b. subtilis natto (bsn). yloa-proficient, but not yloa-deficient, bsn specifically b ...201728294433
sporicidal activity of ceragenin csa-13 against bacillus subtilis.spore-forming bacteria are a class of microorganisms that possess the ability to survive in extreme environmental conditions. morphological features of spores assure their resistance to stress factors such as high temperature, radiation, disinfectants, and drying. consequently, spore elimination in industrial and medical environments is very challenging. ceragenins are a new class of cationic lipids characterized by a broad spectrum of bactericidal activity resulting from amphipathic nature and ...201728294162
engineering s. equi subsp. zooepidemicus towards concurrent production of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin biopolymers of biomedical interest.glycosaminoglycans, such as hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate, are not only more and more required as main ingredients in cosmeceutical and nutraceutical preparations, but also as active principles in medical devices and pharmaceutical products. however, while biotechnological production of hyaluronic acid is industrially established through fermentation of streptococcus spp. and recently bacillus subtilis, biotechnological chondroitin is not yet on the market. a non-hemolytic and hyaluro ...201728293868
fungal root microbiome from healthy and brittle leaf diseased date palm trees (phoenix dactylifera l.) reveals a hidden untapped arsenal of antibacterial and broad spectrum antifungal secondary metabolites.in this study, we aimed to explore and compare the composition, metabolic diversity and antimicrobial potential of endophytic fungi colonizing internal tissues of healthy and brittle leaf diseased (bld) date palm trees (phoenix dactylifera l.) widely cultivated in arid zones of tunisia. a total of 52 endophytic fungi were isolated from healthy and bld roots of date palm trees, identified based on internal transcribed spacer-rdna sequence analysis and shown to represent 13 species belonging to fi ...201728293229
influence of ad libitum feeding of piglets with bacillus subtilis fermented liquid feed on gut flora, luminal contents and health.some scholars caution that long-term ad libitum feeding with probiotic fermented food poses potential health risks to baby animals. we conducted a feeding experiment to investigate the influence of ad libitum feeding of pre-and post-weaned piglets with a bacillus subtilis fermented diet on the gut microbiome, gut metabolomic profiles, bile acid metabolism, proinflammatory cytokines and faecal consistency. compared with piglets fed a bacillus subtilis-supplemented pellet diet, piglets fed the bac ...201728291252
a report on extensive lateral genetic reciprocation between arsenic resistant bacillus subtilis and bacillus pumilus strains analyzed using rapd-pcr.the study involves isolation of arsenic resistant bacteria from soil samples. the characterization of bacteria isolates was based on 16s rrna gene sequences. the phylogenetic consanguinity among isolates was studied employing rpob and gltx gene sequence. rapd-pcr technique was used to analyze genetic similarity between arsenic resistant isolates. in accordance with the results bacillus subtilis and bacillus pumilus strains may exhibit extensive horizontal gene transfer. arsenic resistant potency ...201727956257
immune response induced by oral delivery of bacillus subtilis spores expressing enolase of clonorchis sinensis in grass carps (ctenopharyngodon idellus).clonorchiasis, caused by the consumption of raw or undercooked freshwater fish containing infective metacercariae of clonorchis sinensisis (c.sinensis), remains a common public health problem. new effective prevention strategies are still urgent to control this food-borne infectious disease. the previous studies suggested bacillus subtilis (b. subtilis) spores was an ideal vaccines delivery system, and the c.sinensis enolase (cseno) was a potential vaccine candidate against clonorchiasis. in the ...201727729275
stress-driven discovery of a cryptic antibiotic produced by streptomyces sp. wu20 from kueishantao hydrothermal vent with an integrated metabolomics strategy.marine hydrothermal microorganisms respond rapidly to the changes in the concentrations and availability of metals within hydrothermal vent microbial habitats which are strongly influenced by elevated levels of heavy metals. most hydrothermal vent actinomycetes possess a remarkable capability for the synthesis of a broad variety of biologically active secondary metabolites. major challenges in the screening of these microorganisms are to activate the expression of cryptic biosynthetic gene clust ...201727730337
role of ni-tolerant bacillus spp. and althea rosea l. in the phytoremediation of ni-contaminated soils.in our current study, four nickel-tolerant (ni-tolerant) bacterial species viz, bacillus thuringiensis 002, bacillus fortis 162, bacillus subtilis 174, and bacillus farraginis 354, were screened using ni-contaminated media. the screened microbes exhibited positive results for synthesis of indole acetic acid (iaa), siderophore production, and phosphate solubilization. the effects of these screened microbes on ni mobility in the soil, root elongation, plant biomass, and ni uptake in althea rosea p ...201727739873
efficient biosynthesis of d-ribose using a novel co-feeding strategy in bacillus subtilis without acid formation.normally, low d-ribose production was identified as responsible for plenty of acid formation by bacillus subtilis due to its carbon overflow. an approach of co-feeding glucose and sodium citrate is developed here and had been proved to be useful in d-ribose production. this strategy is critical because it affects the cell concentration, the productivity of d-ribose and, especially, the formation of by-products such as acetoin, lactate and acetate. d-ribose production was increased by 59·6% from ...201727739585
a simple strategy for extracellular production of cota laccase in escherichia coli and decolorization of simulated textile effluent by recombinant laccase.laccases are green oxidases with a number of potential industrial applications. in this study, recombinant bacillus subtilis cota laccase was secreted by escherichia coli via both the α-hemolysin secretion system and the yebf secretion system after microaerobic induction. meanwhile, we discovered a much simpler approach for extracellular production of recombinant cota laccase from e. coli, involving alternation of induction conditions to release recombinant cota following intracellular expressio ...201727738721
high throughput microencapsulation of bacillus subtilis in semi-permeable biodegradable polymersomes for selenium remediation.encapsulating bacteria within constrained microenvironments can promote the manifestation of specialized behaviors. using double-emulsion droplet-generating microfluidic synthesis, live bacillus subtilis bacteria were encapsulated in a semi-permeable membrane composed of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(d,l-lactic acid) (mpeg-pdlla). this polymer membrane was sufficiently permeable to permit exponential bacterial growth, metabolite-induced gene expression, and rapid biofilm growth. the biodegradable ...201727744558
in situ enhancement of surfactin biosynthesis in bacillus subtilis using novel artificial inducible promoters.surfactin-family lipopeptides are green biosurfactants with substantial industrial potential. the major problem prohibiting surfactin use is the low titer of the wild producer, bacillus subtilis. using transcriptomic analysis, four strong promoters, pgroe, pcdd, prplk, and psspe, were identified and cloned from the genome of b. subtilis thy-7, a novel surfactin producer that has been identified from soil with a 0.55 g/l surfactin titer. an optimal promoter, pgroe, was selected to replace the nat ...201727723092
efficient androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione production by co-expressing 3-ketosteroid-δ(1) -dehydrogenase and catalase in bacillus subtilis.3-ketosteroid-δ(1) -dehydrogenase (ksdd), a flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad)-dependent enzyme involved in sterol metabolism, specifically catalyses the conversion of androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (ad) to androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione (add). however, the low ksdd activity and the toxic effects of hydrogen peroxide (h2 o2 ) generated during the biotransformation of ad to add with fad regeneration hinder its application on ad conversion. the aim of this work was to improve ksdd activity and eliminate th ...201727797429
a sensitive method for simultaneous quantitative determination of surfactin and iturin by lc-ms/ms.surfactin and iturin are antimicrobial lipopeptides produced from bacillus spp. and have significant prospective applications in many fields. therefore, accurate analysis of these lipopeptides in the fermented product of some bacillus strains is important. a sensitive method for simultaneous quantitative determination of surfactin and iturin fermented by bacillus natto nt-6 was developed and validated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. crude extracts of antimicrobial lipopepti ...201727766360
application of quercetin and its bio-inspired nanoparticles as anti-adhesive agents against bacillus subtilis attachment to surface.the aim of this study was directed to reveal the repulsive effect of coated glass slides by quercetin and its bio-inspired titanium oxide and tungsten oxide nanoparticles on physical surface attachment of bacillus subtilis as an ab-initio step of biofilm formation. nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using sol-gel and acid precipitation methods for titanium oxide and tungsten oxide, respectively (in the absence or presence of quercetin). the anti-adhesive impact of the coated-slides was ...201727770951
engineering cota laccase for acidic ph stability using bacillus subtilis spore display.bacillus subtilis spores can be used for protein display to engineer protein properties. this method overcomes viability and protein-folding concerns associated with traditional protein display methods. spores remain viable under extreme conditions and the genotype/phenotype connection remains intact. in addition, the natural sporulation process eliminates protein-folding concerns that are coupled to the target protein traveling through cell membranes. furthermore, atp-dependent chaperones are p ...201727780951
effects of ionic strength on inclusion body refolding at high concentration.for commercial applications refolding process must be fast, inexpensive and highly efficient. in the past many strategies for protein refolding were introduced. still, simple refolding methods with high product concentrations are still rare. refolding experiments were performed with fructosyltransferase (ftf, ec 2.4.1.162) from bacillus subtilis ncimb 11871 produced as inclusion bodies. solubilizates were refolded with batch dialysis or by continuous exchange of dialysis buffers with variable io ...201727751932
aquatic toxicity and biodegradability of a surfactant produced by bacillus subtilis ica56.in this work, the environmental compatibility of a biosurfactant produced by a bacillus subtilis strain isolated from the soil of a brazilian mangrove was investigated. the biosurfactant, identified as surfactin, is able to reduce surface tension (st) to 31.5 ± 0.1 mn m(-1) and exhibits a lowcritical micelle concentration (cmc) value (0.015 ± 0.003 g l(-1)). the highest crude biosurfactant concentration (224.3 ± 1.9 mg l(-1)) was reached at 72 h of fermentation. acute toxicity tests, carried out ...201727791474
enhanced extracellular production of l-asparaginase from bacillus subtilis 168 by b. subtilis wb600 through a combined strategy.l-asparaginase (ec 3.5.1.1, asn) exhibits great commercial value due to its uses in the food and medicine industry. in this study, we reported the enhanced expression of type ii asn from bacillus subtilis 168 in b. subtilis wb600 through a combined strategy. first, eight signal peptides (the signal peptide of the asn, ywbn, yvgo, amye, oppa, vpr, lipa, and wapa) were used for asn secretion in b. subtilis by using hpa ii promoter, respectively. the signal peptide wapa achieved the highest extrace ...201727796436
characterization of a novel iron acquisition activity that coordinates the iron response with population density under iron-replete conditions in bacillus subtilis.iron is an essential micronutrient required for the viability of many organisms. under oxidizing conditions, ferric iron is highly insoluble (∼10(-9) to 10(-18) m), yet bacteria typically require ∼10(-6) m for survival. to overcome this disparity, many bacteria have adopted the use of extracellular iron-chelating siderophores coupled with specific iron-siderophore uptake systems. in the case of bacillus subtilis, undomesticated strains produce the siderophore bacillibactin. however, many laborat ...201727795321
muts2 promotes homologous recombination in bacillus subtilis.bacterial muts proteins are subdivided into two families, muts1 and muts2. muts1 family members recognize dna replication errors during their participation in the well-characterized mismatch repair (mmr) pathway. in contrast to the well-described function of muts1, the function of muts2 in bacteria has remained less clear. in helicobacter pylori and thermus thermophilus, muts2 has been shown to suppress homologous recombination. the role of muts2 is unknown in the gram-positive bacterium bacillu ...201727799325
development of bacillus subtilis mutants to produce tryptophan in pigs.to generate tryptophan-overproducing bacillus subtilis strains for in situ use in pigs, to reduce the feed cost for farmers and nitrogen pollution.201727812824
effect of pseudomonas fluorescens rb4 and bacillus subtilis 189 on the phytoremediation potential of catharanthus roseus (l.) in cu and pb-contaminated soils.the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils has become a critical issue due to toxic effects of these metals on living organisms. the current research was conducted to study the effect of pseudomonas fluorescens rb4 and bacillus subtilis 189 on the growth and phytoremediation potential of catharanthus roseus in cu- and pb-contaminated soils. the bacterial strains exhibited significantly higher level of water-extractable pb and cu in pb, cu, and cu+pb-contaminated. the p. fluorescens rb4 in ...201727819493
bacillus subtilis mntr coordinates the transcriptional regulation of manganese uptake and efflux systems.the bacillus subtilis mntr metalloregulatory protein senses manganese, an essential element required for central metabolism, oxidative stress resistance and replication. an mntr null mutant is highly sensitive to mn(ii) intoxication, which is attributed in part to the constitutive expression of two importers: the proton-dependent nramp family transporter mnth and the abc transporter mntabcd. here, we show that an mntr null mutant is still sensitive to mn(ii) intoxication even if both of the impo ...201727748968
synchronization of bacillus subtilis cells by spore germination and outgrowth.this protocol defines conditions under which the germination of spores can be used to synchronize bacillus subtilis cells, utilizing the time-ordered sequence of events taking place during the transition from spore to vegetative cells. the transition stages involve: phase change, swelling, emergence, initial division, and elongation. by using this method we have obtained two distinctive synchronized cell cycles, while the synchrony faded away in the third cycle. the advantage of using spore outg ...201727815905
biodegradation of crude oil by a defined co-culture of indigenous bacterial consortium and exogenous bacillus subtilis.the aim of this work was to study biodegradation of crude oil by defined co-cultures of indigenous bacterial consortium and exogenous bacillus subtilis. through residual oil analysis, it is apparent that the defined co-culture displayed a degradation ratio (85.01%) superior to indigenous bacterial consortium (71.32%) after 7days of incubation when ratio of inoculation size of indigenous bacterial consortium and bacillus subtilis was 2:1. long-chain n-alkanes could be degraded markedly by bacillu ...201727815043
raspberry-like poly(γ-glutamic acid) hydrogel particles for ph-dependent cell membrane passage and controlled cytosolic delivery of antitumor drugs.in this research, we synthesized bioderived poly(amino acid) hydrogel particles that showed ph-dependent membrane-disrupting properties and controlled cytosolic delivery of antitumor drugs. poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-pga) that has been produced extensively using bacteria, especially those of bacillus subtilis species, was modified with cholesterol (γ-pga/chol), and the γ-pga/chol conjugates were used to form polymeric nanoparticles the size of 21.0±1.1 nm in aqueous solution. when the polymeric na ...201727822040
ileal muc2 gene expression and microbial population, but not growth performance and immune response, are influenced by in ovo injection of probiotics in broiler chickens.1. the objective of present study was to evaluate the effects of intra-amniotic injection of different probiotic strains (bacillus subtilis, enterococcus faecium and pediococcus acidilactici) on the intestinal muc2 gene expression, microbial population, growth performance and immune response in broiler chicken. 2. in a completely randomised design, different probiotic strains were injected into the amniotic fluid of the 480 live embryos (d 18 of incubation), with 4 treatments and 5 replicates. i ...201727844495
bacillus subtilis gntr regulation modified to devise artificial transient induction systems.we modified gntr regulation in bacillus subtilis to devise transient induction systems. gntr is the repressor antagonized by gluconate to induce transcription of the gntrkpz operon for gluconate catabolism. on the other hand, the gnt operon is repressed by glucose via carbon catabolite repression involving ccpa/p-ser-hpr, which binds to two cre sites: one located in the gnt promoter region and the other within the gntr coding region. we initiated gntkpz encoding of enzymes for gluconate cataboli ...201727829583
safety assessment of bacillus subtilis cu1 for use as a probiotic in humans.bacillus subtilis cu1 is a recently described probiotic strain with beneficial effects on immune health in elderly subjects. the following work describes a series of studies supporting the safety of the strain for use as an ingredient in food and supplement preparations. using a combination of 16s rdna and gyrb nucleotide analyses, the species was identified as a member of the bacillus subtilis complex (b. subtilis subsp. spizizenii). further characterization of the organism at the strain level ...201727825987
probing the function of the two holin-like proteins of bacteriophage spp1.double-stranded dna bacteriophages employ holin and endolysin functions to lyse host bacteria after virus multiplication. holins oligomerize in the cytoplasmic membrane and trigger to form holes that cause cell death. for most systems these holes are also required for endolysin release to the cell wall, where it cleaves the peptidoglycan network. orfs 25 and 26 of bacillus subtilis phage spp1 were predicted to encode the endolysin and holin functions, respectively. however, the product of the up ...201727825035
exploration of the 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthases suitable for the creation of a robust isoprenoid biosynthesis system.1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (dxs) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the 2-c-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (mep) pathway, which is responsible for production of two precursors of all isoprenoids, isopentenyl diphosphate and dimethylallyl diphosphate (dmapp). previously, we attempted the overexpression of endogenous dxs in synechocystis sp. pcc6803, and revealed that although the mrna level was 4-fold higher, the dxs protein level was only 1.5-fold higher compared with those of the origin ...201727856234
liars reporter assay: a simple tool to identify lipid ii binding moieties in lantibiotic nukacin isk-1.binding to lipid ii is an important step in the mode of action of most lantibiotics targeting the bacterial cell wall. we applied the bacillus subtilis two-component system, liars, that is known to respond to antibiotics interfering with lipid ii cycle, in order to evaluate lipid ii binding activity of known bacteriocins and also to identify lipid ii binding moieties in lantibiotic nukacin isk-1. using this method, we confirmed that the methyllanthionine ring in nukacin isk-1 is crucial for lipi ...201727856233
inhibited transport of graphene oxide nanoparticles in granular quartz sand coated with bacillus subtilis and pseudomonas putida biofilms.increasing production and use of graphene oxide nanoparticles (gonps) boost their wide dissemination in the subsurface environments where biofilms occur ubiquitously, representative of the physical and chemical heterogeneities. this study aimed at investigating the influence of gram-positive bacillus subtilis (bs) and gram-negative pseudomonas putida (pp) biofilms on the transport of gonps under different ionic strengths (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mm cacl2) at neutral ph 7.2 in water-saturated porous me ...201727855326
design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of chrysin derivatives as potential fabh inhibitors.new series of chrysin derivatives (4a-4t) were designed and synthesized by introducing different substituted piperazines at c-7 position. their inhibitory effects on fabh were evaluated using two gram-negative bacterial strains, escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and two gram-positive bacterial strains, bacillus subtilis and staphylococcus aureus. to our delight, most of these compounds exhibited a dramatic increase in inhibitory potency, compared with the control positive drugs. among ...201727860280
metabolic engineering of bacillus subtilis fueled by systems biology: recent advances and future directions.by combining advanced omics technology and computational modeling, systems biologists have identified and inferred thousands of regulatory events and system-wide interactions of the bacterium bacillus subtilis, which is commonly used both in the laboratory and in industry. this dissection of the multiple layers of regulatory networks and their interactions has provided invaluable information for unraveling regulatory mechanisms and guiding metabolic engineering. in this review, we discuss recent ...201727867004
effects of gamma radiation on cork wastewater: antioxidant activity and toxicity.a comprehensive assessment of the toxicity and antioxidant activity of cork boiling wastewater and the effects of gamma radiation on these parameters was performed. antioxidant activity was evaluated using different methodologies as dpph radical scavenging activity, reducing power and inhibition of β-carotene bleaching. the results have shown that gamma radiation can induce an increase on the antioxidant activity of cork boiling wastewater. toxicity tests were performed to access the potential a ...201727870935
subtilosin prevents biofilm formation by inhibiting bacterial quorum sensing.subtilosin, the cyclic lantibiotic protein produced by bacillus subtilis katmira1933, targets the surface receptor and electrostatically binds to the bacterial cell membrane. in this study, subtilosin was purified using ammonium sulfate ((nh4)2so4) precipitation and purified via column chromatography. subtilosin's antibacterial minimum and sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic and sub-mic) and anti-biofilm activity (biofilm prevention) were established. subtilosin was evaluated as a quorum ...201727914001
the stringent response plays a key role in bacillus subtilis survival of fatty acid starvation.the stringent response is a universal adaptive mechanism to protect bacteria from nutritional and environmental stresses. the role of the stringent response during lipid starvation has been studied only in gram-negative bacteria. here, we report that the stringent response also plays a crucial role in the adaptation of the model gram-positive bacillus subtilis to fatty acid starvation. b. subtilis lacking all three (p)ppgpp-synthetases (relbs , relp and relq) or bearing a relbs variant that no l ...201727875634
label-free quantitation of ribosomal proteins from bacillus subtilis for antibiotic research.current research is focusing on ribosome heterogeneity as a response to changing environmental conditions and stresses, such as antibiotic stress. altered stoichiometry and composition of ribosomal proteins as well as association of additional protein factors are mechanisms for shaping the protein expression profile or hibernating ribosomes. here, we present a method for the isolation of ribosomes to analyze antibiotic-induced changes in the composition of ribosomes in bacillus subtilis or other ...201727873260
fluorescence-based real-time activity assays to identify rnase p inhibitors.transfer rna is transcribed as precursor molecules that are processed before participating in translation catalyzed by the ribosome. ribonuclease p is the endonuclease that catalyzes the 5' end maturation of precursor trna and it is essential for cell survival. bacterial rnase p has a distinct subunit composition compared to the eukaryal counterparts; therefore, it is an attractive antibacterial target. here, we describe a real-time fluorescence-based rnase p activity assay using fluorescence po ...201727873254
application of a bacillus subtilis whole-cell biosensor (pliai-lux) for the identification of cell wall active antibacterial compounds.whole-cell biosensors, based on the visualization of a reporter strain's response to a particular stimulus, are a robust and cost-effective means to monitor defined environmental conditions or the presence of chemical compounds. one specific field in which such biosensors are frequently applied is drug discovery, i.e., the screening of large numbers of bacterial or fungal strains for the production of antimicrobial compounds. we here describe the application of a luminescence-based bacillus subt ...201727873249
genomic analysis of bacillus subtilis lytic bacteriophage ϕnit1 capable of obstructing natto fermentation carrying genes for the capsule-lytic soluble enzymes poly-γ-glutamate hydrolase and levanase.bacillus subtilis strains including the fermented soybean (natto) starter produce capsular polymers consisting of poly-γ-glutamate and levan. capsular polymers may protect the cells from phage infection. however, bacteriophage ϕnit1 carries a γ-pga hydrolase gene (pghp) that help it to counteract the host cell's protection strategy. ϕnit had a linear double stranded dna genome of 155,631-bp with a terminal redundancy of 5,103-bp, containing a gene encoding an active levan hydrolase. these capsul ...201727885938
a criterion of collective behavior of bacteria.it was established in the previous works that hydrodynamic interactions between the swimmers can lead to collective motion. its implicit evidences were confirmed by reduction in the effective viscosity. we propose a new quantitative criterion to detect such a collective behavior. our criterion is based on a new computationally effective rve (representative volume element) theory based on the basic statistic moments (e-sums or generalized eisenstein-rayleigh sums). the criterion can be applied to ...201727879133
sugaring-out extraction of acetoin from fermentation broth by coupling with fermentation.acetoin is a natural flavor and an important bio-based chemical which could be separated from fermentation broth by solvent extraction, salting-out extraction or recovered in the form of derivatives. in this work, a novel method named as sugaring-out extraction coupled with fermentation was tried in the acetoin production by bacillus subtilis dl01. the effects of six solvents on bacterial growth and the distribution of acetoin and glucose in different solvent-glucose systems were explored. the o ...201727878591
magnesium aminoclay-based transformation of paenibacillus riograndensis and paenibacillus polymyxa and development of tools for gene expression.members of the genus paenibacillus are widespread facultative anaerobic, endospore-forming bacteria. some species such as paenibacillus riograndensis or paenibacillus polymyxa fix nitrogen and may play an important role in agriculture to reduce mineral nitrogen fertilization in particular for non-legume plants. the genetic manipulation of paenibacillus is an imperative for the functional characterization, e.g., of its plant growth-promoting activities and metabolism. this study showed that p. ri ...201727878581
influence of bacterial extracellular polymeric substances on the sorption of zn on γ-alumina: a combination of ftir and exafs studies.extracellular polymeric substances (eps) isolated from bacteria, are abound of functional groups which can react with metals and consequently influence the immobilization of metals. in this study, we combined with zn k-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure (exafs), fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (hrtem) techniques to study the effects of eps isolated from bacillus subtilis and pseudomonas putida on zn sorption on γ-alu ...201727876416
vitamin b6 metabolism in microbes and approaches for fermentative production.vitamin b6 is a designation for the six vitamers pyridoxal, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp), pyridoxine 5'-phosphate, and pyridoxamine. plp, being the most important b6 vitamer, serves as a cofactor for many proteins and enzymes. in contrast to other organisms, animals and humans have to ingest vitamin b6 with their food. several disorders are associated with vitamin b6 deficiency. moreover, pharmaceuticals interfere with metabolism of the cofactor, which also results in v ...201727890703
proteome-wide identification of lysine succinylation in thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria.lysine succinylation, one of post-translational acylations conserved from eukaryotes to bacteria, plays regulatory roles in various cellular processes. however, much remains unknown about the general and specific characteristics of lysine succinylation among bacteria, and about its functions different from those of other acylations. in this study, we characterized lysine succinylation, a newly discovered widespread type of lysine acylation in five bacterial species with different characteristics ...201727888076
extracellular expression of alkali tolerant xylanase from bacillus subtilis lucky9 in e. coli and application for xylooligosaccharides production from agro-industrial waste.an alkali tolerant xylanase gene from bacillus subtilis lucky9 was cloned and extracellular expressed in e. coli bl21. xylanase amino acid sequence showed 99% identity with xylanase sequence from bacillus subtilis 168, and was belonged to glycoside hydrolase family 11. the recombinant e. coli (pet-pelb-xynlc9) containing pelb signal peptide produced extracellular xylanase of 436.5u/ml for 8h, which was used arabinose as extra carbon source and inducer for enhancing extracellular production. the ...201727888008
degradation of paraoxon (vx chemical agent simulant) and bacteria by magnesium oxide depends on the crystalline structure of magnesium oxide.in this work, our goal was to study the capability of a single metallic oxide to neutralize a chemical agent and to exhibit an antibacterial effect. we tested two types of magnesium oxides, mgo. the first mgo sample tested, which commercial data size characteristic was -325 mesh (mgo-1) destroyed in 3 h, 89.7% of paraoxon and 93.2% of 4-nitrophenol, the first degradation product. the second mgo sample, which commercial data size was <50 nm (mgo-2) neutralized in the same time, 19.5% of paraoxon ...201727887928
staphylococcus aureus requires at least one ftsk/spoiiie protein for correct chromosome segregation.faithful coordination between bacterial cell division and chromosome segregation in rod-shaped bacteria, such as escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis, is dependent on the dna translocase activity of ftsk/spoiiie proteins, which move dna away from the division site before cytokinesis is completed. however, the role of these proteins in chromosome partitioning has not been well studied in spherical bacteria. here, it was shown that the two staphylococcus aureus ftsk/spoiiie homologues, spoiiie a ...201727886417
broad-spectrum of antimicrobial properties of commercial wines from different vitis vinifera l. varieties.fifteen commercial wines produced from international and autochthonic varieties of vitis vinifera l. cultivation of different balkan winegrowing subregions were studied for their antimicrobial activity against six gram-positive (clostridium perfringens, bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus, listeria inocua, sarcina lutea and micrococcus flavus) and six gram-negative (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella enteritidis, shigella sonnei, klebsiella pneumonia and proteus vulgaris) ...201727905092
structural insights into dynamics of recu-hj complex formation elucidates key role of ntr and stalk region toward formation of reactive state.holliday junction (hj) resolving enzyme recu is involved in dna repair and recombination. we have determined the crystal structure of inactive mutant (d88n) of recu from bacillus subtilis in complex with a 12 base palindromic dna fragment at a resolution of 3.2 å. this structure shows the stalk region and the essential n-terminal region (ntr) previously unseen in our dna unbound structure. the flexible nature of the ntr in solution was confirmed using saxs. thermofluor studies performed to asses ...201727903910
genetic and biochemical interactions between the bacterial replication initiator dnaa and the nucleoid-associated protein rok in bacillus subtilis.we identified interactions between the conserved bacterial replication initiator and transcription factor dnaa and the nucleoid-associated protein rok of bacillus subtilis. dnaa binds directly to clusters of dnaa boxes at the origin of replication and elsewhere, including the promoters of several dnaa-regulated genes. rok, an analog of h-ns from gamma-proteobacteria that affects chromosome architecture and of lsr2 from mycobacteria, binds a+t-rich sequences throughout the genome and represses ex ...201727902860
novel tools for the functional expression of metagenomic dna.functional expression of genes from metagenomic libraries is limited by various factors including inefficient transcription and/or translation of target genes as well as improper folding and assembly of the corresponding proteins caused by the lack of appropriate chaperones and cofactors. it is now well accepted that the use of different expression hosts of distinct phylogeny and physiology can dramatically increase the rate of success. in the following chapter, we therefore describe tools and p ...201727900689
quercetin loading cdse/zns nanoparticles as efficient antibacterial and anticancer materials.quercetin (qe) plays an important role in inflammation, antibacterial, anticancer, and aging. however, qe has extremely low water solubility, which is a major challenge in drug absorption. in this study, we described a simple method for synthesis of qe/cdse/zns nanoparticles (qcz nps). the qcz nps had an average diameter of 10nm and prominent yellow emission under uv irradiation. we investigated the antibacterial activity of qcz nps against drug-resistant escherichia coli (e. coli) and bacillus ...201727898345
role of ribonucleotide reductase in bacillus subtilis stress-associated mutagenesis.the gram-positive microorganism bacillus subtilis relies on a single class ib ribonucleotide reductase (rnr) to generate 2'-deoxyribonucleotides (dndps) for dna replication and repair. in this work, we investigated the influence of rnr levels on b. subtilis stationary-phase-associated mutagenesis (spm). since rnr is essential in this bacterium, we engineered a conditional mutant of strain b. subtilis yb955 (hisc952 metb5 leu427) in which expression of the nrdef operon was modulated by isopropyl- ...201727920297
dietary administration of bacillus subtilis hainup40 enhances growth, digestive enzyme activities, innate immune responses and disease resistance of tilapia, oreochromis niloticus.the probiotic properties of bacillus subtilis hainup40 isolated from the aquatic environment, and the effects of dietary administration of b. subtilis hainup40 on the growth performance, intestinal probiotic recovery, digestive enzyme activities, innate immunity and disease resistance of tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) were evaluated. the probiotic properties investigated include tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal stress, auto-aggregation, cell surface hydrophobicity and extracellular enzym ...201727919757
effects of rhizobacteria paenibacillus polymyxa apec136 and >bacillus subtilis apec170 on biocontrol of postharvest pathogens of apple fruits.in this study, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) were evaluated as potential biocontrol agents against postharvest pathogens of apple fruits. in vitro bioassays revealed that, out of 30 isolates screened, isolates apec136 and apec170 had the most significant inhibitory effects against the mycelial growth of several fungal pathogens. analysis of 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) sequences identified the two effective isolates as paenibacillus polymyxa and bacillus subtilis, respectively. the two ...201727921398
engineering of escherichia coli to facilitate efficient utilization of isomaltose and panose in industrial glucose feedstock.industrial glucose feedstock prepared by enzymatic digestion of starch typically contains significant amounts of disaccharides such as maltose and isomaltose and trisaccharides such as maltotriose and panose. maltose and maltosaccharides can be utilized in escherichia coli fermentation using industrial glucose feedstock because there is an intrinsic assimilation pathway for these sugars. however, saccharides that contain α-1,6 bonds, such as isomaltose and panose, are still present after ferment ...201727933453
recombinant bacillus subtilis spores expressing cholera toxin b subunit and helicobacter pylori urease b confer protection against h. pylori in mice.helicobacter pylori infection is associated with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcers, gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. the limitations of current therapies for h. pylori infection include poor compliance and antibiotic resistance. therefore, an effective anti-h. pylori vaccine would be an alternative or complement to antibiotic treatment. urease b (ureb) is considered an ideal vaccine antigen against h. pylori infection. in this study, cholera toxin b subunit (ctb), a ...201727930268
proteome-wide identification of lysine propionylation in thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria: geobacillus kaustophilus, thermus thermophilus, escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, and rhodothermus marinus.recent studies have revealed the physiological significance of post-translational lysine acylations such as acetylation in the regulation of various cellular processes. here, we characterized lysine propionylation, a recently discovered post-translational acylation, in five representative bacteria: geobacillus kaustophilus, thermus thermophilus, escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, and rhodothermus marinus. using antibody-based propionyl peptide enrichment followed by identification with nano-li ...201727928680
muramic and dipicolinic acids in atmospheric particulate matter as biomarkers of bacteria and bacterial spores.airborne bacteria are components of the atmospheric aerosol particles and can be responsible of allergic disease, regardless of their viability. in this paper, we report a method for the determination of total (viable and nonviable) bacterial content in airborne particles, using muramic and dipicolinic acids as biomarkers of bacteria and bacterial spores, respectively. the analytical procedure was optimized with bacteria and spores of bacillus subtilis. after extraction and purification, the two ...201727928607
guardians in a stressful world: the opu family of compatible solute transporters from bacillus subtilis.the development of a semi-permeable cytoplasmic membrane was a key event in the evolution of microbial proto-cells. as a result, changes in the external osmolarity will inevitably trigger water fluxes along the osmotic gradient. the ensuing osmotic stress has consequences for the magnitude of turgor and will negatively impact cell growth and integrity. no microorganism can actively pump water across the cytoplasmic membrane; hence, microorganisms have to actively adjust the osmotic potential of ...201727935846
single-molecule analysis reveals multi-state folding of a guanine riboswitch.guanine-responsive riboswitches undergo ligand-dependent structural rearrangements to control gene expression by transcription termination. while the molecular basis for ligand recognition is well established, the associated structural rearrangements and the kinetics involved in the formation of the aptamer domain are less well understood. using high-resolution optical tweezers, we followed the folding trajectories of a single molecule of the xpt-pbux guanine aptamer from bacillus subtilis. we r ...201727941758
large-scale reduction of the bacillus subtilis genome: consequences for the transcriptional network, resource allocation, and metabolism.understanding cellular life requires a comprehensive knowledge of the essential cellular functions, the components involved, and their interactions. minimized genomes are an important tool to gain this knowledge. we have constructed strains of the model bacterium, bacillus subtilis, whose genomes have been reduced by ∼36%. these strains are fully viable, and their growth rates in complex medium are comparable to those of wild type strains. an in-depth multi-omics analysis of the genome reduced s ...201727965289
identification and validation of small molecule modulators of the nusb-nuse interaction.formation of highly possessive antitermination complexes is crucial for the efficient transcription of stable rna in all bacteria. a key step in the formation of these complexes is the protein-protein interaction (ppi) between n-utilisation substances (nus) b and e and thus this ppi offers a novel target for a new antibiotic class. a pharmacophore developed via a secondary structure epitope approach was utilised to perform an in silico screen of the mini-maybridge library (56,000 compounds) whic ...201727964882
constant-distance mode nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging of biological samples with complex topography.a new approach for constant-distance mode mass spectrometry imaging (msi) of biological samples using nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-desi) was developed by integrating a shear-force probe with the nano-desi probe. the technical concept and basic instrumental setup, as well as the general operation of the system are described. mechanical dampening of resonant oscillations due to the presence of shear forces between the probe and the sample surface enabled the constant-distance ...201727973782
lipopeptide production by bacillus subtilis r1 and its possible applications.the possible application of a bacterial strain - bacillus subtilis r1, isolated from an oil contaminated desert site in india, as biocontrol agent and its biosurfactant in microbial enhanced oil recovery are discussed. the biosurfactant production in minimal medium was carried out at different temperatures and salt concentrations, where it produced an efficient biosurfactant at 30-45°c and in presence of up to 7% salt. it significantly reduced the surface tension from 66±1.25mn/m to 29±0.85mn/m ...201727520530
catalytic role of thermostable metalloproteases from bacillus subtilis kt004404 as dehairing and destaining agent.proteases with characteristic stabilities are considered attractive candidates for industrial catalysis. in the present study, a potent bacterial strain kt004404, an inhabitant of hydrothermal vents, was isolated and characterized for protease production. initial screening indicated that this strain produced a hydrolytic zone of 30 mm 16s rrna-based identification revealed that our isolate was a strain of bacillus subtilis. optimum reaction condition for maximum protease production was determine ...201727604835
study of dna binding and bending by bacillus subtilis gabr, a plp-dependent transcription factor.gabr is a transcriptional regulator belonging to the mocr/gabr family, characterized by a n-terminal whth dna-binding domain and a c-terminal effector binding and/or oligomerization domain, structurally homologous to aminotransferases (ats). in the presence of γ-aminobutyrate (gaba) and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp), gabr activates the transcription of gabt and gabd genes involved in gaba metabolism.201727640111
a new α-pyrone from the mangrove endophytic fungus phomopsis sp. hny29-2b.a new α-pyrone derivative, phomopyrone a (1), together with two known compounds (2-3), was isolated from the culture of the mangrove endophytic fungus phomopsis sp. hny29-2b. their structures were determined by detailed analysis of spectroscopic data. the configuration of 1 was further confirmed by x-ray diffraction. all isolated compounds were evaluated for antibacterial and antioxidative activities. compound 2 exhibited antibacterial activities with minimal inhibition concentration (mic) value ...201727687677
a new c20-diterpenoid alkaloid from the lateral roots of aconitum carmichaeli.a new c20-diterpenoid alkaloid carmichaedine (1) and six known alkaloids (2-7) were isolated from the lateral roots of aconitum carmichaeli. their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses. compound 1 exhibited potent antibacterial activity against bacillus subtilis with minimum inhibitory concentration of 8 μg/ml.201727686870
bacterial disinfection in a sunlight/visible-light-driven photocatalytic reactor by recyclable natural magnetic sphalerite.a 5-l reactor was designed and used to enhance the sunlight/visible-light-driven (vld) photocatalytic disinfection efficiency towards gram-negative bacterium (escherichia coli). natural magnetic sphalerite (nms) was used as the photocatalyst, which could be easily recycled by applying a magnetic field. results showed that nms with irradiation by the blue light emitting diode (led) lamp could completely inactivate 1.5 × 10(5) cfu/ml of e. coli within 120 min in the first three runs. however, the ...201727718425
gram-positive bacteria with probiotic potential for the apis mellifera l. honey bee: the experience in the northwest of argentina.apis mellifera l. is one of the most important natural pollinators of significant crops and flowers around the world. it can be affected by different types of illnesses: american foulbrood, nosemosis, varroasis, viruses, among others. such infections mainly cause a reduction in honey production and in extreme situations, the death of the colony. argentina is the world's second largest honey exporter and the third largest honey producer, after china and turkey. given both the prominence of the ho ...201727655068
no adverse effects of transgenic maize on population dynamics of endophytic bacillus subtilis strain b916-gfp.endophytic bacterial communities play a key role in promoting plant growth and combating plant diseases. however, little is known about their population dynamics in plant tissues and bulk soil, especially in transgenic crops. this study investigated the colonization of transgenic maize harboring the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ah gene by bacillus subtilis strain b916-gfp present in plant tissues and soil. bt and nontransgenic maize were inoculated with b916-gfp by seed soaking, or root irrig ...201727666942
synthesis and characterization of nanosilver-silicone hydrogel composites for inhibition of bacteria growth.nanosilver-silicone hydrogel (nagsih) composites for contact lenses were synthesized to asses the antimicrobial effects.201727693238
extraction and precipitation of phosphorus from sewage sludge.raw sewage sludge from east rand water care association (erwat) had high phosphorus (p) content, approximately 15.2% (w/w) p2o5, which indicates a potential resource for the limiting nutrient. leaching sewage sludge with 1m sulphuric acid at 5% solid loading for 2h resulted in an 82% phosphorus extraction. however, the phosphorus was recovered as iron phosphates, thus a further purification step using ion exchange to remove iron was required to increase the degree of p release. magnesium oxide a ...201727481032
ultrastructural analysis of bacteriophage φ29 during infection of bacillus subtilis.recent advances in cryo-electron tomography (cryo-et) have allowed direct visualization of the initial interactions between bacteriophages and their hosts. previous studies focused on phage infection in gram-negative bacteria but it is of particular interest how phages penetrate the thick, highly cross-linked gram-positive cell wall. here we detail structural intermediates of phage φ29 during infection of bacillus subtilis. use of a minicell-producing strain facilitated in situ tomographic recon ...201727480510
unexpected functions of automatically annotated genes: a lesson learnt from bacillus subtilis. 201727511628
single nanoparticle plasmonic spectroscopy for study of the efflux function of multidrug abc membrane transporters of single live cells.atp-binding cassette (abc) membrane transporters exist in all living organisms and play key roles in a wide range of cellular and physiological functions. the abc transporters can selectively extrude a wide variety of structurally and functionally unrelated substrates, leading to multidrug resistance. despite extensive study, their efflux molecular mechanisms remain elusive. in this study, we synthesized and characterized purified silver nanoparticles (ag nps) (97 ± 13 nm in diameter), and used ...201727570617
a synthetic microbial consortium of shewanella and bacillus for enhanced generation of bioelectricity.in this study, a synthetic microbial consortium containing exoelectrogen shewanella oneidensis mr-1 and riboflavin-producing strain, bacillus subtilis rh33, was rationally designed and successfully constructed, enabling a stable, multiple cycles of microbial fuel cells (mfcs) operation for more than 500 h. the maximum power density of mfcs with this synthetic microbial consortium was 277.4 mw/m(2) , which was 4.9 times of that with mr-1 (56.9 mw/m(2) ) and 40.2 times of rh33 (6.9 mw/m(2) ), sepa ...201727596754
six new pentacyclic triterpenoids from the fruit of camptotheca acuminata.six new pentacyclic triterpenoids were isolated from the fruit of camptotheca acuminata. the chemical structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis including hr-esi-ms, ir, uv, 1d- and 2d-nmr. moreover, the antibacterial activities of compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 were evaluated against staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis and dickeya zeae. all these tested compounds showed moderate antibacterial activity against bacillus subtilis and dic ...201727584719
supplemental effects of probiotic bacillus subtilis fmbj on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and meat quality of broiler chickens.this study aimed to investigate the supplemental effects of probiotic bacillus subtilis fmbj (bs fmbj) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and meat quality of broiler chickens. a total of 240 day-old male arbor acres (aa) broiler chickens were randomly allotted to 4 treatments and raised for 6 wk. each treatment had 6 replicate pens with ten birds per replicate. birds in the control group (con) were fed diets without bs fmbj and antibiotics. the bs groups were fed the basal diets with b ...201727486257
construction of bacillus subtilis strain engineered for expression of porcine β-defensin-2/cecropin p1 fusion antimicrobial peptides and its growth-promoting effect and antimicrobial activity.to generate recombinant bacillus subtilis (b. subtilis) engineered for expression of porcine β-defensin-2 (pbd-2) and cecropin p1 (cp1) fusion antimicrobial peptide and investigate their anti-bacterial activity in vitro and their growth-promoting and disease resisting activity in vivo.201727383796
ace-inhibitory and antioxidant activities of peptide fragments obtained from tomato processing by-products fermented using bacillus subtilis: effect of amino acid composition and peptides molecular mass distribution.the effects of amino acid composition and peptide molecular mass on ace-inhibitory and antioxidant activities of protein fragments obtained from tomato waste fermented using bacillus subtilis were evaluated. the addition of b. subtilis increased the relative amounts of aromatic and positively-charged amino acids which have been described to influence the biological activities of peptide fragments. ic50 values of hydrolysates for ace-inhibitory and 2, 2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) scavengin ...201727461540
maternal antibody decay and antibody-mediated immune responses in chicken pullets fed prebiotics and synbiotics.three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of yeast-derived carbohydrates (ydc), and a blend of probiotics and ydc (synbiotic, snb) on serum igg concentration, maternal-derived antibody (mda) decay, and specific antibody-mediated immune response in chick pullets following immunization with t-cell dependent antigens. a total of 300 day-old pullet chicks were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments including: a basal diet (control), and diets containing ydc, and snb (lactobacillus a ...201727433011
a single amino acid mutation in spo0a results in sporulation deficiency of paenibacillus polymyxa sc2.sporulating bacteria such as bacillus subtilis and paenibacillus polymyxa exhibit sporulation deficiencies during their lifetime in a laboratory environment. in this study, spontaneous mutants sc2-m1 and sc2-m2, of p. polymyxa sc2 lost the ability to form endospores. a global genetic and transcriptomic analysis of wild-type sc2 and spontaneous mutants was carried out. genome resequencing analysis revealed 14 variants in the genome of sc2-m1, including three insertions and deletions (indels), 10 ...201727208661
simultaneous production of amylases and proteases by bacillus subtilis in brewery wastes.the simultaneous production of amylase (aa) and protease (pa) activity by bacillus subtilis uo-01 in brewery wastes was studied by combining the response surface methodology with the kinetic study of the process. the optimum conditions (t=36.0°c and ph=6.8) for high biomass production (0.92g/l) were similar to the conditions (t=36.8°c and ph=6.6) for high aa synthesis (9.26eu/ml). however, the maximum pa level (9.77eu/ml) was obtained at ph 7.1 and 37.8°c. under these conditions, a considerably ...201727266628
ysba and lytst are essential for pyruvate utilization in bacillus subtilis.the genome of bacillus subtilis encodes homologues of the cid/lrg network. in other bacterial species, this network consists of holin- and antiholin-like proteins that regulate cell death by controlling murein hydrolase activity. the ysba protein of b. subtilis is currently annotated as a putative antiholin-like protein that possibly impedes cell death, whereas ywbh is thought to act as holin-like protein. however, the actual functions of ysba and ywbh in b. subtilis have never been characterize ...201727422364
anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial coumarins from the stems of eurya chinensis.two new coumarins, named (±)-euryacoumarin a (1) and 6-demethylobtusinin (2), and one new natural coumarin, named euryacoumarin b (3), along with two known compounds, scopoletin (4) and obtusinol (5), were isolated from the stems of eurya chinensis. their structures were elucidated by means of extensive spectroscopic methods and comparison with data reported in the literatures. compound 1 exhibited significant inhibition of lps-induced nitric oxide (no) production in raw264.7 cells with ic50 val ...201727299182
the cell envelope stress response of bacillus subtilis: from static signaling devices to dynamic regulatory network.the cell envelope stress response (cesr) encompasses all regulatory events that enable a cell to protect the integrity of its envelope, an essential structure of any bacterial cell. the underlying signaling network is particularly well understood in the gram-positive model organism bacillus subtilis. it consists of a number of two-component systems (2cs) and extracytoplasmic function σ factors that together regulate the production of both specific resistance determinants and general mechanisms t ...201727344142
structural comparison of ap endonucleases from the exonuclease iii family reveals new amino acid residues in human ap endonuclease 1 that are involved in incision of damaged dna.oxidatively damaged dna bases are substrates for two overlapping repair pathways: dna glycosylase-initiated base excision repair (ber) and apurinic/apyrimidinic (ap) endonuclease-initiated nucleotide incision repair (nir). in the ber pathway, an ap endonuclease cleaves dna at ap sites and 3'-blocking moieties generated by dna glycosylases, whereas in the nir pathway, the same ap endonuclease incises dna 5' to an oxidized base. the majority of characterized ap endonucleases possess classic ber ac ...201727343627
effects of probiotic supplement (bacillus subtilis and lactobacillus acidophilus) on feed efficiency, growth performance, and microbial population of weaning rabbits.this study aimed to investigate the effects of single or/and double strains of probiotic supplement on feed efficiency, growth performance, and microbial population in distal gastrointestinal tract (git) of weaning rabbits.201727165020
abietane diterpenes from the cones of abies numidica de lannoy ex carrière (pinaceae) and in vitro evaluation of their antimicrobial properties.eight known abietane diterpenes (1-8) were isolated for the first time from abies numidica cones (pinaceae). the structures of all compounds were established by means of 1d and 2d nmr, and uv spectral analyses. the hydromethanolic extract of a. numidica cones was tested for its antimicrobial activity against 17 gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and against five yeasts by the use of liquid and solid medium and bioautography methods. the best antimicrobial activity was found against gram-po ...201727237830
cellulolytic potential of probiotic bacillus subtilis ams6 isolated from traditional fermented soybean (churpi): an in-vitro study with regards to application as an animal feed additive.the aim of the present study is to evaluate the probiotic attributes of bacillus subtilis ams6 isolated from fermented soybean (churpi). this isolate exhibited tolerance to low ph (ph 2.0) and bile salt (0.3%), capability to autoaggregate and coaggregate. ams6 also showed highest antibacterial activity against the pathogenic indicator strain salmonella enterica typhimurium (mtcc 1252) and susceptibility towards different antibiotics tested. the isolate was effective in inhibiting the adherence o ...201727242144
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