Publications

rodz and pgsa play intertwined roles in membrane homeostasis of bacillus subtilis and resistance to weak organic acid stress.	weak organic acids like sorbic and acetic acid are widely used to prevent growth of spoilage organisms such as bacilli. to identify genes involved in weak acid stress tolerance we screened a transposon mutant library of bacillus subtilis for sorbic acid sensitivity. mutants of the rodz (ymfm) gene were found to be hypersensitive to the lipophilic weak organic acid. rodz is involved in determining the cell's rod-shape and believed to interact with the bacterial actin-like mreb cytoskeleton. since ...	2016	27818647
enhanced enzymatic synthesis of a cephalosporin, cefadroclor, in the presence of organic co-solvents.	in this study, we investigated the enzymatic synthesis of a semi-synthetic cephalosporin, cefadroclor, from 7-aminodesacetoxymethyl-3-chlorocephalosporanic acid (7-acca) and p-oh-phenylglycine methyl ester (d-hpgm) using immobilized penicillin g acylase (ipa) in organic co-solvents. ethylene glycol (eg) was employed as a component of the reaction mixture to improve the yield of cefadroclor. eg was found to increase the yield of cefadroclor by 15-45%. an investigation of altered reaction paramete ...	2016	27817045
low temperature-induced viable but not culturable state of ralstonia eutropha and its relationship to accumulated polyhydroxybutyrate.	the culturability of escherichia coli, ralstonia eutropha and bacillus subtilis after incubation in phosphate-buffered saline at either 5°c or 30°c was determined. the culturability of b. subtilis showed little dependence on temperature. the culturability of e. coli rapidly decreased at 30°c but remained almost constant at 5°c. in contrast, the culturability of r. eutropha decreased by three orders of magnitude at 5°c within 24 h but only moderately decreased (one order of magnitude) at 30°c. re ...	2016	27810883
in vitro inhibition of eimeria tenella sporozoite invasion into host cells by probiotics.	the aim was to study the effects of probiotics isolated from the intestinal tract of livestock animals on eimeria tenella invasion into madin-darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cells in vitro. e. tenella sporozoites were purified and labeled with 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate n-succinimidyl ester before seeding on cell cultures, and invasion was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy. two protocols (a and b) were used. in protocol a, enterococcus faecium # 589 or lactobacillus salivarius subsp. saliva ...	2016	27809987
competition between bacteria and phosphate for adsorption sites on gibbsite: an in-situ atr-ftir spectroscopic and macroscopic study.	sorption and desorption of phosphate (p) on fe and al (hydr)oxides may be affected by bacteria in soils because their ubiquitous and strong interactions. the role of bacillus subtilis and pseudomonas fluorescens in adsorption of p on gibbsite (γ-alooh) was systematically investigated under a wide range of conditions by combining in-situ attenuated total reflectance fourier-transform infrared (atr-ftir) spectroscopy with batch macroscopic experiments. in-situ atr-ftir observations of the ternary ...	2016	27673446
interaction of the antimicrobial peptides caerin 1.1 and aurein 1.2 with intact bacteria by (2)h solid-state nmr.	nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) is commonly used to probe the effect of antimicrobial agents on bacterial membranes using model membrane systems. ideally, considering the complexity of membranes, the interaction of molecules with membranes should be studied in vivo. the interactions of two antimicrobial peptides (amps) with intact escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis were investigated using deuterium solid-state nmr. specifically, we studied caerin 1.1 and aurein 1.2 isolated from the skin of ...	2016	27639521
bacillus subtilis alters the proportion of major membrane phospholipids in response to surfactin exposure.	surfactin, an anionic lipopeptide produced by bacillus subtilis, is an antimicrobial that targets the cytoplasmic membrane. nowadays it appears increasingly apparent that the mechanism of resistance against these types of antibiotics consists of target site modification. this prompted us to investigate whether the surfactin non-producing strain b. subtilis 168 changes its membrane composition in response to a sublethal surfactin concentration. here we show that the exposure of b. subtilis to sur ...	2016	27620333
cobalt(ii) complexes of sparfloxacin: characterization, structure, antimicrobial activity and interaction with dna and albumins.	the cobalt(ii) complexes with the quinolone sparfloxacin (hsf) in the absence or presence of the nitrogen-donor heterocyclic ligands 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or 2,2'-bipyridylamine (bipyam) were prepared and characterized physicochemically and spectroscopically. the crystal structures of complexes [co(sf)2(bipy)]∙3meoh∙2h2o and [co(sf)2(phen)]∙4meoh were determined by x-ray crystallography. the antimicrobial activity of the complexes was tested against four different mi ...	2016	27501348
synthesis and antimicrobial activity of tetradentate ligands bearing hydrazone and/or thiosemicarbazone motifs and their diorganotin(iv) complexes.	four novel ligands derived from 2,3-butanedione have been synthesized, two dissymmetric thiosemicarbazone/3-hydroxy-2-naphthohydrazone ligands, h2l(1) (bearing 4-isopropyl-3-thiosemicarbazone) and h2l(2) (containing 4-cyclohexyl-3-thiosemicarbazone) and the symmetric h2l(3), diacetyl bis(3-hydroxy-2-naphthohydrazone), and h2l(4), diacetyl bis(4-cyclohexyl-3-thiosemicarbazone). their reactivity with snr2cl2 (r=methyl, n-butyl and phenyl) was explored and the resulting complexes were characterized ...	2016	27426049
genomics-inspired discovery of three antibacterial active metabolites, aurantinins b, c, and d from compost-associated bacillus subtilis fmb60.	fmb60 is a wild-type bacillus subtilis isolated from compost with significant broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. two novel pks clusters were recognized in the genome sequence of fmb60, and then three polyene antibiotics, aurantinins b, c, and d, 1-3, were obtained by bioactivity-guided isolation from the fermentation of fmb60. the structures of aurantinins b-d were elucidated by lc-hrms and nmr data analysis. aurantinins c and d were identified as new antimicrobial compounds. the three aur ...	2016	27806569
arginine phosphorylation marks proteins for degradation by a clp protease.	protein turnover is a tightly controlled process that is crucial for the removal of aberrant polypeptides and for cellular signalling. whereas ubiquitin marks eukaryotic proteins for proteasomal degradation, a general tagging system for the equivalent bacterial clp proteases is not known. here we describe the targeting mechanism of the clpc-clpp proteolytic complex from bacillus subtilis. quantitative affinity proteomics using a clpp-trapping mutant show that proteins phosphorylated on arginine ...	2016	27749819
effects of chromium-enriched bacillus subtilis kt260179 supplementation on chicken growth performance, plasma lipid parameters, tissue chromium levels, cecal bacterial composition and breast meat quality.	both chromium (cr) and probiotic bacillus own the virtues of regulating animal metabolism and meat quality. purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of supplemental cr and bacillus in the form of chromium-enriched bacillus subtilis kt260179 (cebs) on chicken growth performance, plasma lipid parameters, tissue chromium levels, cecal bacterial composition and breast meat quality.	2016	27821122
purification and characterization of a novel anti-campylobacter bacteriocin produced by lactobacillus curvatus dn317.	the lactic acid bacteria (lab) microbiota of saudi chicken ceca was determined. from 60 samples, 204 isolates of lactic acid bacteria were obtained. three isolates produced antimicrobial activities against campylobacter jejuni, listeria monocytogenes, and bacillus subtilis. the isolate dn317, which had the highest activity against campylobacter jejuni atcc 33560, was identified as lactobacillus curvatus (genbank accession numbers: kx353849 and kx353850). full inhibitory activity was observed aft ...	2016	27812926
a one-step matrix application method for maldi mass spectrometry imaging of bacterial colony biofilms.	matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging of biofilms cultured on agar plates is challenging because of problems related to matrix deposition onto agar. we describe a one-step, spray-based application of a 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid solution for direct matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging of hydrated bacillus subtilis biofilms on agar. using both an optimized airbrush and a home-built automatic sprayer, region-specific distributions of signaling metabolites and cannibalis ...	2016	27476992
bacillus subtilis based-formulation for the control of postbloom fruit drop of citrus.	postbloom fruit drop (pfd) caused by colletotrichum acutatum affects flowers and causes early fruit drop in all commercial varieties of citrus. biological control with the isolate acb-69 of bacillus subtilis has been considered as a potential method for controlling this disease. this study aimed to develop and optimize a b. subtilis based-formulation with a potential for large-scale applications and evaluate its effect on c. acutatum in vitro and in vivo. bacillus subtilis based-formulations wer ...	2016	27804104
capture of micrococcin biosynthetic intermediates reveals c-terminal processing as an obligatory step for in vivo maturation.	thiopeptides, including micrococcins, are a growing family of bioactive natural products that are ribosomally synthesized and heavily modified. here we use a refactored, modular in vivo system containing the micrococcin p1 (mp1) biosynthetic genes (tclijklmnps) from macrococcus caseolyticus str 115 in a genetically tractable bacillus subtilis strain to parse the processing steps of this pathway. by fusing the micrococcin precursor peptide to an affinity tag and coupling it with catalytically def ...	2016	27791142
redox cycling, ph dependence, and ligand effects of mn(iii) in oxalate decarboxylase from bacillus subtilis.	this contribution describes electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) experiments on mn(iii) in oxalate decarboxylase of bacillus subtilis, an interesting enzyme that catalyzes the redox-neutral dissociation of oxalate into formate and carbon dioxide. chemical redox cycling provides strong evidence that both mn centers can be oxidized, although the n-terminal mn(ii) appears to have the lower reduction potential and is most likely the carrier of the +3 oxidation state under moderate oxidative conditi ...	2016	27797181
phytase production and development of an ideal dephytinization process for amelioration of food nutrition using microbial phytases.	development of an ideal process for reduction of food phytates using microbial phytases is a demanding task by all food and feed industries all over the world. phytase production by bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis jjbs250 isolated from soil sample was optimized in submerged fermentation using statistical tools. among all the culture variables tested, sucrose, sodium phytate and tween-80 were identified as the most significant variables using the placket-burman design. further optimization of t ...	2016	27796873
cloning, expression, and characterization of a novel l-arabinose isomerase from the psychrotolerant bacterium pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis.	l-arabinose isomerase (l-ai, ec 5.3.1.4) catalyzes the isomerization between l-arabinose and l-ribulose, and most of the reported ones can also catalyze d-galactose to d-tagatose, except bacillus subtilis l-ai. in this article, the l-ai from the psychrotolerant bacterium pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis atcc 14393 was characterized. the enzyme showed no substrate specificity toward d-galactose, which was similar to b. subtilis l-ai but distinguished from other reported l-ais. the araa gene encodin ...	2016	27586234
single-molecule confocal fret microscopy to dissect conformational changes in the catalytic cycle of dna topoisomerases.	molecular machines undergo large-scale conformational changes during their catalytic cycles that are linked to their biological functions. dna topoisomerases are molecular machines that interconvert different dna topoisomers and resolve torsional stress that is introduced during cellular processes that involve local dna unwinding. dna gyrase catalyzes the introduction of negative supercoils into dna in an atp-dependent reaction. during its catalytic cycle, gyrase undergoes large-scale conformati ...	2016	27793284
adsorption of shiga toxin to poly-γ-glutamate precipitated.	we screened foods containing indigestible ingredients in the ability to adsorb shiga toxin (stx). when 5 mg of foods and dietary fibers such as dry vegetables and inulin were mixed and incubated with 0.5 ml of stx solution (100 ng/ml) containing 0.5% bovine serum albumin, both stx1 and stx2 seemed to be adsorbed by only a fermented food, natto (a traditional japanese food prepared from steamed soybeans by the biological action of bacillus subtilis). we purified the stx-adsorbing substance from n ...	2016	27792838
macrolactins from marine-derived bacillus subtilis b5 bacteria as inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide and cytokines expression.	in order to find new natural products with anti-inflammatory activity, chemical investigation of a 3000-meter deep-sea sediment derived bacteria bacillus subtilis b5 was carried out. a new macrolactin derivative was isolated and identified as 7,13-epoxyl-macrolactin a (1). owing to the existence of the epoxy ring, 1 exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the expression of inducible nitric oxide and cytokines, compared with previously isolated known macrolactins (2-5). real-time polymerase ...	2016	27792158
diastereomeric bactericidal effect of ru(phenanthroline)2 dipyridophenazine.	metal susceptibility assays and spot plating were used to investigate the antimicrobial activity of enantiopure [ru(phen)2 dppz](2+) (phen =1,10-phenanthroline and dppz = dipyrido[3,2-a:2´,3´-c]phenazine) and [μ-bidppz(phen)4 ru2 ](4)(+) (bidppz =11,11´-bis(dipyrido[3,2-a:2´,3´-c]phenazinyl)), on gram-negative escherichia coli and gram-positive bacillus subtilis as bacterial models. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (mbc) were determined for both ...	2016	27791316
daptomycin inhibits cell envelope synthesis by interfering with fluid membrane microdomains.	daptomycin is a highly efficient last-resort antibiotic that targets the bacterial cell membrane. despite its clinical importance, the exact mechanism by which daptomycin kills bacteria is not fully understood. different experiments have led to different models, including (i) blockage of cell wall synthesis, (ii) membrane pore formation, and (iii) the generation of altered membrane curvature leading to aberrant recruitment of proteins. to determine which model is correct, we carried out a compre ...	2016	27791134
antimicrobial activity of cationic antimicrobial peptides against gram-positives: current progress made in understanding the mode of action and the response of bacteria.	antimicrobial peptides (amps) have been proposed as a novel class of antimicrobials that could aid the fight against antibiotic resistant bacteria. the mode of action of amps as acting on the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane has often been presented as an enigma and there are doubts whether the membrane is the sole target of amps. progress has been made in clarifying the possible targets of these peptides, which is reported in this review with as focus gram-positive vegetative cells and spores. nu ...	2016	27790614
the influence of sporulation conditions on the spore coat protein composition of bacillus subtilis spores.	spores are of high interest to the food and health sectors because of their extreme resistance to harsh conditions, especially against heat. earlier research has shown that spores prepared on solid agar plates have a higher heat resistance than those prepared under a liquid medium condition. it has also been shown that the more mature a spore is, the higher is its heat resistance most likely mediated, at least in part, by the progressive cross-linking of coat proteins. the current study for the ...	2016	27790212
effects of long-term bacillus subtilis cgmcc 1.921 supplementation on performance, egg quality, and fecal and cecal microbiota of laying hens.	this study evaluated the effects of long-term bacillus subtilis cgmcc 1.921 supplementation on the performance, egg quality, and fecal/cecal microbiota of laying hens. a total of 360 28-week-old hy-line brown laying hens were randomly allocated into 5 treatments with 6 replicates of 12 birds each for 24 weeks. the experimental treatments included a basal diet without additions (con) and the basal diet supplemented with 1.0 × 10(5) (b1), 1.0 × 10(6) (b2), 1.0 × 10(7) (b3), and 1.0 × 10(8) (b4) cf ...	2016	27789747
evaluation of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and hemolytic activities from venom of the spider lasiodora sp.	this study characterized the protein/peptide profile of venom isolated from the spider lasiodora sp. (mygalomorphae, theraphosidae) found in northeastern brazil and determined its antimicrobial activity, toxicity against human cells, and hemolytic activity. protein concentration of the lasiodora sp. venom was 4.53 ± 0.38 mg/ml. sds-page showed proteins with molecular masses up to 75 kda, some of which contained disulfide bridges. rp-hplc analysis separate at least 12 peaks that were identified b ...	2016	27693304
a 2s albumin from the seed cake of ricinus communis inhibits trypsin and has strong antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria.	hospital-acquired infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria threaten the lives of many citizens all over the world. discovery of new agents to hinder bacterial development would have a significant impact on the treatment of infections. here, the purification and characterization of rc-2s-alb, a protein that belongs to the 2s albumin family, from ricinus communis seed cake, are reported. rc-2s-alb was purified after protein extraction with tris-hcl buffer, ph 7.5, fractionation by ammoni ...	2016	27680092
regulatory rnas in bacillus subtilis: a gram-positive perspective on bacterial rna-mediated regulation of gene expression.	bacteria can employ widely diverse rna molecules to regulate their gene expression. such molecules include trans-acting small regulatory rnas, antisense rnas, and a variety of transcriptional attenuation mechanisms in the 5' untranslated region. thus far, most regulatory rna research has focused on gram-negative bacteria, such as escherichia coli and salmonella. hence, there is uncertainty about whether the resulting insights can be extrapolated directly to other bacteria, such as the gram-posit ...	2016	27784798
regulation of bacterial heat shock stimulons.	all organisms developed genetic programs to allow their survival under stressful conditions. in most cases, they increase the amount of a specific class of proteins which deal with the stress factor and allow cells to adapt to life-threatening conditions. one class of stress proteins are the heat shock proteins (hsps) the amount of which is significantly increased after a sudden temperature rise. how is the heat shock response (hsr) regulated in bacteria? this has been studied in detail in esche ...	2016	27518094
exploring the n-terminal role of a heterologous protein in secreting out of escherichia coli.	escherichia coli is commonly used as a host for the extracellular production of proteins. however, its secretion capacity is often limited to a frustratingly low level compared with other expression hosts, because e. coli has a complex cell envelope with two layers. in previous report, we identified that the catalytic domain of a cellulase (cel-cd) from bacillus subtilis can be secreted into the medium from recombinant e. coli in large quantities without its native signal peptide. in this study, ...	2016	27260676
hetiamacin b-d, new members of amicoumacin group antibiotics isolated from bacillus subtilis pjs.		2016	26837569
identification of two phosphate starvation-induced wall teichoic acid hydrolases provides first insights into the degradative pathway of a key bacterial cell wall component.	the cell wall of most gram-positive bacteria contains equal amounts of peptidoglycan and the phosphate-rich glycopolymer wall teichoic acid (wta). during phosphate-limited growth of the gram-positive model organism bacillus subtilis 168, wta is lost from the cell wall in a response mediated by the phopr two-component system, which regulates genes involved in phosphate conservation and acquisition. it has been thought that wta provides a phosphate source to sustain growth during starvation condit ...	2016	27780866
improved method for effective screening of acc (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase producing microorganisms.	aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase (accd) producing microorganisms support plant growth under a variety of biotic and abiotic stress conditions such as drought, soil salinity, flooding, heavy metal pollution and phyto-pathogen attack. available screening methods for accd give idea only about its primary microbial accd activity than the actual potential. in the present investigation, we have simply improved screening method by incorporating ph indicator dyes (phenol red and bromothymol blu ...	2016	27769905
pharmacological evaluation of poly(3-methylthiophene) and its titanium(iv)phosphate nanocomposite: dna interaction, molecular docking, and cytotoxic activity.	cancer and pathogenic microbial diseases have terribly affected human health over a longer period of time. in response to the increasing casualties due to cancer and microbial diseases, unique poly(3-methylthiophene) and poly(3-methylthiophene)-titanium(iv)phosphate composite were prepared via in-situ oxidative chemical polymerization in this work. the poly(3-methylthiophene) and poly(3-methylthiophene)-titanium(iv)phosphate composite were well characterized by fourier transform infrared spectro ...	2016	27710872
synthesis and biological evaluation of ricinoleic acid-based lipoamino acid derivatives.	a series of novel ricinoleic acid based lipoamino acid derivatives were synthesized from (z)-methyl-12-aminooctadec-9-enoate and different l-amino acids (glycine, alanine, phenyl alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, proline and tryptophan). the structures of all the prepared compounds were characterized by (1)h nmr, (13)c nmr and mass spectral studies. the title compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities. among all the derivatives, compound 7a (z)-methyl-12-(2- ...	2016	27707604
sapium sebiferum leaf extract mediated synthesis of palladium nanoparticles and in vitro investigation of their bacterial and photocatalytic activities.	there is a growing need to introduce eco-friendly and sustainable procedures for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles that include a mild reaction conditions, simple reaction setup, use of nontoxic medium such as water and plant extract, cost effectiveness as well as greater efficiency for biomedical and catalytic applications. for this purpose, small and highly dispersed palladium nanoparticles (pdnps) were prepared by eco-friendly and cost effective green method using water soluble leaf extrac ...	2016	27689741
a mobile genetic element profoundly increases heat resistance of bacterial spores.	bacterial endospores are among the most resilient forms of life on earth and are intrinsically resistant to extreme environments and antimicrobial treatments. their resilience is explained by unique cellular structures formed by a complex developmental process often initiated in response to nutrient deprivation. although the macromolecular structures of spores from different bacterial species are similar, their resistance to environmental insults differs widely. it is not known which of the fact ...	2016	27105070
studies on the efficient dual performance of mn1-xnixfe2o4 spinel nanoparticles in photodegradation and antibacterial activity.	the present work describes the successful synthesize of spinel magnetic ferrite mn1-xnixfe2o4 (x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 & 0.5) nanoparticles via a simple microwave combustion method which was then evaluated for its photocatalytic activity in the degradation of indigo carmine (ic) synthetic dye, a major water pollutant. our results reveal that the synthesized of ni(2+) doped mnfe2o4 nanoparticles possess well-crystalline pure cubic spinel phase, exhibit excellent optical and magnetic properties. ...	2016	27776260
auxotrophy-based high throughput screening assay for the identification of bacillus subtilis stringent response inhibitors.	the stringent response is a central adaptation mechanism that allows bacteria to adjust their growth and metabolism according to environmental conditions. the functionality of the stringent response is crucial for bacterial virulence, survival during host invasion as well as antibiotic resistance and tolerance. therefore, specific inhibitors of the stringent response hold great promise as molecular tools for disarming and pacifying bacterial pathogens. by taking advantage of the valine amino aci ...	2016	27775002
bacteria induce pigment formation in the basidiomycete serpula lacrymans.	basidiomycete fungi are characterized ecologically for their vital functional role in ecosystem carbon recycling and chemically for their capacity to produce a diverse array of small molecules. chromophoric natural products derived from the quinone precursor atromentin, such as variegatic acid and involutin, have been shown to function in redox cycling. yet, in the context of an inter-kingdom natural system these pigments are still elusive. here, we co-cultured the model saprotrophic basidiomyce ...	2016	27699944
rapid evolution of hyaluronan synthase to improve hyaluronan production and molecular mass in bacillus subtilis.	to improve the production and molecular mass of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (ha) in bacillus subtilis by engineering hyaluronan synthase (has) from streptococcus zooepidemicus.	2016	27565668
methodologies for studying b. subtilis biofilms as a model for characterizing small molecule biofilm inhibitors.	this work assesses different methodologies to study the impact of small molecule biofilm inhibitors, such as d-amino acids, on the development and resilience of bacillus subtilis biofilms. first, methods are presented that select for small molecule inhibitors with biofilm-specific targets in order to separate the effect of the small molecule inhibitors on planktonic growth from their effect on biofilm formation. next, we focus on how inoculation conditions affect the sensitivity of multicellular ...	2016	27768058
plicosepalin a, a new antioxidant catechin-gallic acid derivative of inositol from the mistletoe plicosepalus curviflorus.	phytochemical investigation of the semi-parasitic plant, plicosepalus curviflorus (loranthaceae) growing in saudi arabia resulted in the isolation of a new catechin-gallic acid derivative of inositol, plicosepalin a (1) [(+) catechin-4'-o-(1″-o-galloyl-5″-o-methyl)-myo-inositol], along with seven known compounds: methyl gallate (2), catechin (3), quercetin (4), gallic acid (5), lupeol (6), β-sitosterol (7), and ursolic acid (8). their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic anal ...	2016	27206319
combining genes from multiple phages for improved cell lysis and dna transfer from escherichia coli to bacillus subtilis.	the ability to efficiently and reliably transfer genetic circuits between the key synthetic biology chassis, such as escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis, constitutes one of the major hurdles of the rational genome engineering. using lambda red recombineering we integrated the thermosensitive lambda repressor and the lysis genes of several bacteriophages into the e. coli chromosome. the lysis of the engineered autolytic cells is inducible by a simple temperature shift. we improved the lysis ef ...	2016	27798678
identification of differentially expressed genes during bacillus subtilis spore outgrowth in high-salinity environments using rna sequencing.	in its natural habitat, the soil bacterium bacillus subtilis often has to cope with fluctuating osmolality and nutrient availability. upon nutrient depletion it can form dormant spores, which can revive to form vegetative cells when nutrients become available again. while the effects of salt stress on spore germination have been analyzed previously, detailed knowledge on the salt stress response during the subsequent outgrowth phase is lacking. in this study, we investigated the changes in gene ...	2016	27766092
in-vitro antioxidant and functional properties of protein hydrolysates from golden grey mullet prepared by commercial, microbial and visceral proteases.	bioactive liza aurata protein hydrolysates (laphs) were prepared by treatment with trypsine (ph-tr), esperase (ph-es), enzyme preparations from pseudomonas aeruginosa a2 (ph-a2), bacillus subtilis a26 (ph-a26) and liza aurata (ph-la). their functional properties and antioxidant activities were evaluated. the hydrolysates had degree of hydrolysis (dh) values ranging from 8.15 % to 13.05 %. reverse-phase hplc analyses of the laphs showed considerable variation in peptide composition. all hydrolysa ...	2016	27765961
hypatulins a and b, meroterpenes from hypericum patulum.	two novel prenylated benzophenone related meroterpenes, hypatulins a (1) and b (2), were isolated from the leaves of hypericum patulum. the structures of 1 and 2 were assigned by spectroscopic analysis, chemical conversion, and calculations of the ecd (electron circular dichroism) spectra. hypatulin a (1) had a unique densely substituted tricyclic octahydro-1,5-methanopentalene core, while hypatulin b (2) possessed a bicyclo[3.2.1]octane moiety. hypatulin a (1) exhibited antimicrobacterial activ ...	2016	27682178
the dnaa inhibitor sira acts in the same pathway as soj (para) to facilitate oric segregation during bacillus subtilis sporulation.	dna replication and chromosome segregation must be carefully regulated to ensure reproductive success. during bacillus subtilis sporulation, chromosome copy number is reduced to two, and cells divide asymmetrically to produce the future spore (forespore) compartment. for successful sporulation, oric must be captured in the forespore. new rounds of dna replication are prevented in part by sira, a protein that utilizes residues in its n-terminus to directly target domain i of the bacterial initiat ...	2016	27489185
genetic analysis of collective motility of paenibacillus sp. naist15-1.	bacteria have developed various motility mechanisms to adapt to a variety of solid surfaces. a rhizosphere isolate, paenibacillus sp. naist15-1, exhibited unusual motility behavior. when spotted onto 1.5% agar media, paenibacillus sp. formed many colonies, each of which moved around actively at a speed of 3.6 μm/sec. as their density increased, each moving colony began to spiral, finally forming a static round colony. despite its unusual motility behavior, draft genome sequencing revealed that b ...	2016	27764113
simultaneous multiview capture and fusion improves spatial resolution in wide-field and light-sheet microscopy.	most fluorescence microscopes are inefficient, collecting only a small fraction of the emitted light at any instant. besides wasting valuable signal, this inefficiency also reduces spatial resolution and causes imaging volumes to exhibit significant resolution anisotropy. we describe microscopic and computational techniques that address these problems by simultaneously capturing and subsequently fusing and deconvolving multiple specimen views. unlike previous methods that serially capture multip ...	2016	27761486
bacterial cell growth inhibitors targeting undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase and undecaprenyl diphosphate phosphatase.	we synthesized a series of benzoic acids and phenylphosphonic acids and investigated their effects on the growth of staphylococcus aureus and bacillus subtilis. one of the most active compounds, 5-fluoro-2-(3-(octyloxy)benzamido)benzoic acid (7, ed50 ∼0.15 μg ml(-1) ) acted synergistically with seven antibiotics known to target bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis (a fractional inhibitory concentration index (fici) of ∼0.35, on average) but had indifferent effects in combinations with six non-cell-w ...	2016	27578312
improvement of bacillus subtilis for poly-γ-glutamic acid production by genome shuffling.	poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-pga) is a promising microbial polymer with potential applications in industry, agriculture and medicine. the use of high γ-pga-producing strains is an effective approach to improve productivity of γ-pga. in this study, we developed a mutant, f3-178, from bacillus subtilis gxa-28 using genome shuffling. the morphological characteristics of f3-178 and gxa-28 were not identical. compared with gxa-28 (18.4 ± 0.8 g l(-1) ), the yield of γ-pga was 1.9-fold higher in f3-178 (34. ...	2016	27562078
qm/mm studies on the calcium-assisted β-elimination mechanism of pectate lyase from bacillus subtilis.	pectate lyase utilizes the anti-β-elimination chemistry to catalyze the cleavage of α-1,4 glycosidic bond between d -galacturonate regions during the degradation of plant polysaccharide pectin. we report here detailed mechanistic studies of the bacillus subtilis pectate lyase (bspel) using qm/mm calculations. it was found that the residue arg279 serves as the catalytic base to abstract the α-proton from c52 atom of substrate ada2 subsite, forming an unstable carbanion intermediate. the glycosidi ...	2016	27447541
photoinactivation of bacteria by using fe-doped tio2-mwcnts nanocomposites.	in this study, nanocomposites of fe-doped tio2 with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (0.1- 0.5 wt. %) were prepared by using sol-gel method. the structural and morphological analysis were carried out with using x-ray diffraction pattern and transmission electron microscopy, which confirm the presence of pure anatase phase and particle sizes in the range 15-20 nm. x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to determine the surface compositions of the nanocomposites. uv-vis diffuse reflectance spectra ...	2016	27752971
supplementation of a fermented soybean extract reduces body mass and prevents obesity in high fat diet-induced c57bl/6j obese mice.	obesity is a growing health problem that many countries face, mostly due to the consumption of a westernized diet. in this present study we observed the effects of a soybean extract fermented by bacillus subtilis mori (btd-1) containing 1-deoxynojirimycin against high fat diet-induced obesity. the results obtained from this study indicated that btd-1 reduced body weight, regulated hepatic lipid content and adipose tissue, and also affected liver antioxidant enzymes and glucose metabolism. these ...	2016	27752494
cytological profile of antibacterial ftsz inhibitors and synthetic peptide mciz.	cell division protein ftsz is the organizer of the cytokinetic ring in almost all bacteria and a target for the discovery of new antibacterial agents that are needed to counter widespread antibiotic resistance. bacterial cytological profiling, using quantitative microscopy, is a powerful approach for identifying the mechanism of action of antibacterial molecules affecting different cellular pathways. we have determined the cytological profile on bacillus subtilis cells of a selection of small mo ...	2016	27752253
evaluation of in situ valine production by bacillus subtilis in young pigs.	mutants of bacillus subtilis can be developed to overproduce val in vitro. it was hypothesized that addition of bacillus subtilis mutants to pig diets can be a strategy to supply the animal with val. the objective was to investigate the effect of bacillus subtilis mutants on growth performance and blood amino acid (aa) concentrations when fed to piglets. experiment 1 included 18 pigs (15.0±1.1 kg) fed one of three diets containing either 0.63 or 0.69 standardized ileal digestible (sid) val : lys ...	2016	27133205
enhanced poly(γ-glutamic acid) production by h2 o2 -induced reactive oxygen species in the fermentation of bacillus subtilis nx-2.	effects of reactive oxygen species (ros) on cell growth and poly(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-pga) synthesis were studied by adding hydrogen peroxide to a medium of bacillus subtilis nx-2. after optimizing the addition concentration and time of h2 o2 , a maximum concentration of 33.9 g/l γ-pga was obtained by adding 100 µm h2 o2 to the medium after 24 h. this concentration was 20.6% higher than that of the control. the addition of diphenyleneiodonium chloride (ros inhibitor) can interdict the effect of h ...	2016	26202728
engineering of alanine dehydrogenase from bacillus subtilis for novel cofactor specificity.	the l-alanine dehydrogenase of bacillus subtilis (basaladh), which is strictly dependent on nadh as redox cofactor, efficiently catalyzes the reductive amination of pyruvate to l-alanine using ammonia as amino group donor. to enable application of basaladh as regenerating enzyme in coupled reactions with nadph-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases, we alterated its cofactor specificity from nadh to nadph via protein engineering. by introducing two amino acid exchanges, d196a and l197r, high catalytic ...	2016	26202482
evaluation of dermal wound healing and in vitro antioxidant efficiency of bacillus subtilis spb1 biosurfactant.	lipopeptide microbial surfactants are endowed with unique surface properties as well as antimicrobial, anti-wrinkle, moisturizing and free radical scavenging activities. they were introduced safely in dermatological products, as long as they present low cytotoxicity against human cells. the present study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activities and the wound healing potential of bacillus subtilis spb1 lipopeptide biosurfactant on excision wounds induced in experimental rats ...	2016	27750203
production of antifungal and antiinsectan metabolites by the picea endophyte diaporthe maritima sp. nov.	the genus diaporthe comprises close to 800 species, with around 2000 names attributed to it and its asexual morphs previously recognized in phomopsis. diaporthe species are common plant associates, including saprotrophs, pathogens, and endophytes affiliated with a diverse range of hosts worldwide. in this study, an unknown diaporthe sp. was frequently isolated as an endophyte from healthy picea mariana and picea rubens needles in the acadian forest of eastern canada. morphological observations a ...	2016	27742098
bioaugmentation process of secondary effluents for reduction of pathogens, heavy metals and antibiotics.	the study probed into reducing faecal indicators and pathogenic bacteria, heavy metals and β-lactam antibiotics, from four types of secondary effluents by bioaugmentation process, which was conducted with bacillus subtilis strain at 45 °c. as a result, faecal indicators and pathogenic bacteria were reduced due to the effect of thermal treatment process (45 °c), while the removal of heavy metals and β-lactam antibiotics was performed through the functions of bioaccumulation and biodegradation pro ...	2016	27740544
draft genome sequence of marine-derived bacillus subtilis tp-b0611, a producer of bacilosarcins and amicoumacins.	here, we report the draft genome sequence of bacillus subtilis tp-b0611, which produces the isocoumarin-type compounds bacilosarcin and amicoumacin. the genome encodes three nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) gene clusters and one hybrid polyketide synthase (pks)/nrps gene cluster. the hybrid pks/nrps gene cluster was identified to be responsible for the biosynthesis of bacilosarcins and amicoumacins.	2016	27738042
peptidoglycan recycling in gram-positive bacteria is crucial for survival in stationary phase.	peptidoglycan recycling is a metabolic process by which gram-negative bacteria reutilize up to half of their cell wall within one generation during vegetative growth. whether peptidoglycan recycling also occurs in gram-positive bacteria has so far remained unclear. we show here that three gram-positive model organisms, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, and streptomyces coelicolor, all recycle the sugar n-acetylmuramic acid (murnac) of their peptidoglycan during growth in rich medium. the ...	2016	27729505
study of the radiation effect of 99mo/99mtc generator on bacillus subtilis and bacillus pumilus species.	in this work, molybdenum-99 loaded columns were challenged with bacillus subtilis vegetative cells and bacillus pumilus spores inside and outside the alumina column, and microbial recovery and radiation effect were assessed. alumina was a barrier for the passage of microorganisms regardless the species, whilst spores were more retained than vegetative cells with a lower microbial recovery, without significant differences between 9.25 and 74 gbq generators. bacillus pumilus biological indicator s ...	2016	26408912
identification of bacillus probiotics isolated from soil rhizosphere using 16s rrna, reca, rpob gene sequencing and rapd-pcr.	some bacillus species, especially bacillus subtilis and bacillus pumilus groups, have highly similar 16s rrna gene sequences, which are hard to identify based on 16s rdna sequence analysis. to conquer this drawback, rpob, reca sequence analysis along with randomly amplified polymorphic (rapd) fingerprinting was examined as an alternative method for differentiating bacillus species. the 16s rrna, rpob and reca genes were amplified via a polymerase chain reaction using their specific primers. the ...	2016	26898909
optimal secretion of alkali-tolerant xylanase in bacillus subtilis by signal peptide screening.	xylanases are industrially important enzymes for xylan digestion. we experimentally screened over 114 sec and 24 tat pathway signal peptides, with two different promoters, for optimal production of an alkaline active xylanase (xynbyg) from bacillus pumilus byg in a bacillus subtilis host. though both promoters yielded highly consistent secretion levels (0.97 pearson correlation coefficient), the sec pathway was found to be more efficient than the tat pathway for xynbyg secretion. furthermore, th ...	2016	27225471
heterologous expression and characterization of a new heme-catalase in bacillus subtilis 168.	reactive oxygen species (ros) is an inherent consequence to all aerobically living organisms that might lead to the cells being lethal and susceptible to oxidative stress. bacillus pumilus is characterized by high-resistance oxidative stress that stimulated our interest to investigate the heterologous expression and characterization of heme-catalase as potential biocatalyst. results indicated that recombinant enzyme significantly exhibited the high catalytic activity of 55,784 u/mg expressed in ...	2016	27016935
synthesis of glycinamides using protease immobilized magnetic nanoparticles.	in the present investigation, bacillus subtilis was isolated from slaughterhouse waste and screened for the production of protease enzyme. the purified protease was successfully immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles (mnps) and used for the synthesis of series of glycinamides. the binding and thermal stability of protease on mnps was confirmed by ftir spectroscopy and tga analysis. the surface morphology of mnps before and after protease immobilization was carried out using sem analysis. xrd patt ...	2016	28352550
biosynthesis of silver nanoparticle and its application in cell wall disruption to release carbohydrate and lipid from c. vulgaris for biofuel production.	microalgae are the fledging feedstocks yielding raw materials for the production of third generation biofuel. assorted and conventional cell wall disruption techniques were helpful in extracting lipids and carbohydrates, nevertheless the disadvantages have led the biotechnologists to explore new process to lyse cell wall in a faster and an economical manner. silver nanoparticles have the ability to break the cell wall of microalgae and release biomolecules effectively. green synthesis of silver ...	2016	28352542
simultaneous production of detergent stable keratinolytic protease, amylase and biosurfactant by bacillus subtilis pf1 using agro industrial waste.	the present study is an attempt to optimize simultaneous production of keratinolytic protease, amylase and biosurfactant from feather meal, potato peel and rape seed cake in a single media by response surface methodology to evaluate their biochemical properties for detergent additive. the optimization was carried out using 20 run, 3 factor and 5-level of central composite design on design expert software which resulted in a 1.2, 0.84 and 2.28 fold increase in protease, amylase and biosurfactant ...	2016	28352529
a bioactivity guided study on the antibacterial activity of hertia cheirifolia l. extracts.	this study was carried out with the objective to investigate the antibacterial activity of hertia cheirifolia l. extracts against gram-positive and gram-negative strains including staphylococcus aureus (atcc 6538), bacillus subtilis (atcc 6633), bacillus licheniformis, esherichia coli (atcc 8739), pseudomonas aeruginosa (atcc 9027), salmonella enterica (cip 8039) and salmonella typhimirium. the results of this antibacterial screening showed that the ethyl acetate (etoac) extracts had the best ac ...	2016	27769938
display of a β-mannanase and a chitosanase on the cell surface of lactobacillus plantarum towards the development of whole-cell biocatalysts.	lactobacillus plantarum is considered as a potential cell factory because of its gras (generally recognized as safe) status and long history of use in food applications. its possible applications include in situ delivery of proteins to a host, based on its ability to persist at mucosal surfaces of the human intestine, and the production of food-related enzymes. by displaying different enzymes on the surface of l. plantarum cells these could be used as whole-cell biocatalysts for the production o ...	2016	27716231
influence of orally fed a select mixture of bacillus probiotics on intestinal t-cell migration in weaned muc4 resistant pigs following escherichia coli challenge.	efficient strategies for treating enteritis caused by f4(+) enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec)/verocytotoxigenic escherichia coli (vtec)/enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) in mucin 4 resistant (muc4 rr; supposed to be f4ab/ac receptor-negative [f4ab/acr(-)]) pigs remain elusive. a low (3.9 × 10(8) cfu/day) or high (7.8 × 10(8) cfu/day) dose of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus subtilis spore mixture (bls-mix) was orally administered to muc4 rr piglets for 1 week before f4(+) etec/vtec/epec c ...	2016	27424033
new blends of ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymers with thermoplastic starch. characterization and bacterial biodegradation.	ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymer (eba) with 13% of butyl acrylate content was used to produce blends with 10, 30 and 60% of thermoplastic starch (tps) plasticized with glycerol. ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer (eaa) was used as compatibilizer at 20% content with respect to eba. the blends were characterized by x-ray diffraction, atr-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (atr-ftir), scanning electron microscopy (sem), water-contact angle measurements (ca), differential scanning calorimetry (ds ...	2016	27261731
bacillus licheniformis contains two more perr-like proteins in addition to perr, fur, and zur orthologues.	the ferric uptake regulator (fur) family proteins include sensors of fe (fur), zn (zur), and peroxide (perr). among fur family proteins, fur and zur are ubiquitous in most prokaryotic organisms, whereas perr exists mainly in gram positive bacteria as a functional homologue of oxyr. gram positive bacteria such as bacillus subtilis, listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus encode three fur family proteins: fur, zur, and perr. in this study, we identified five fur family proteins from b. li ...	2016	27176811
secretory production of a beta-mannanase and a chitosanase using a lactobacillus plantarum expression system.	heterologous production of hydrolytic enzymes is important for green and white biotechnology since these enzymes serve as efficient biocatalysts for the conversion of a wide variety of raw materials into value-added products. lactic acid bacteria are interesting cell factories for the expression of hydrolytic enzymes as many of them are generally recognized as safe and require only a simple cultivation process. we are studying a potentially food-grade expression system for secretion of hydrolyti ...	2016	27176608
impeding bacillus spore germination in vitro and in milk by soy glycinin during long cold storage.	this paper presents a study of the magnitude and mechanism of impeding the emergent spore germination of bacillus subtilis (non-hemolytic strain) and bacillus licheniformis (hemolytic strain) under the action of soybean glycinin and its basic subunit (bs). incubating b. licheniformis spores with 100 μg/ml of glycinin or bs at 35°c for 24 h totally prevented the hemolytic activity associated with the emergent vegetative cells on blood agar during 3-5 days of incubation at 35°c in contrast to the ...	2016	27118072
favourable effects of bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis on experimental periodontitis in rats.	the purposes of this study were to evaluate, in rats: i) the effects of bacillus species on the development of experimental periodontitis (ep) via microtomographic, immunological and hematological assays (experiment 1-e1); ii) the effects of bacillus species as adjuncts to scaling and root planing (srp) for the treatment of ep via histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses (experiment 2-e2).	2016	26945169
synthesis, spectral studies and biological evaluation of 2-aminonicotinic acid metal complexes.	we synthesized 2-aminonicotinic acid (2-ana) complexes with metals such as co(ii), fe(iii), ni(ii), mn(ii), zn(ii), ag(i),cr(iii), cd(ii) and cu(ii) in aqueous media. the complexes were characterized and elucidated using ft-ir, uv-vis, a fluorescence spectrophotometer and thermo gravimetric analysis (tga). tga data showed that the stoichiometry of complexes was 1:2 metal/ligand except for ag(i) and mn(ii) where the ratio was 1:1. the metal complexes showed varied antibacterial, fungicidal and ne ...	2016	26945123
characterization and directed evolution of bligo, a novel glycine oxidase from bacillus licheniformis.	glycine oxidase (go) has great potential for use in biosensors, industrial catalysis and agricultural biotechnology. in this study, a novel go (bligo) from a marine bacteria bacillus licheniformis was cloned and characterized. bligo showed 62% similarity to the well-studied go from bacillus subtilis. the optimal activity of bligo was observed at ph 8.5 and 40°c. interestingly, bligo retained 60% of the maximum activity at 0°c, suggesting it is a cold-adapted enzyme. the kinetic parameters on gly ...	2016	26920475
the exosporium of bacillus megaterium qm b1551 is permeable to the red fluorescence protein of the coral discosoma sp.	bacterial spores spontaneously interact and tightly bind heterologous proteins. a variety of antigens and enzymes have been efficiently displayed on spores of bacillus subtilis, the model system for spore formers. adsorption on b. subtilis spores has then been proposed as a non-recombinant approach for the development of mucosal vaccine/drug delivery vehicles, biocatalysts, bioremediation, and diagnostic tools. we used spores of b. megaterium qm b1551 to evaluate their efficiency as an adsorptio ...	2016	27867376
clinical effects of probiotics containing bacillus species on gingivitis: a pilot randomized controlled trial.	lactobacillus spp. and bifidobacteria are the most frequently used probiotics in oral health research. however, although probiotic effects have been suggested for other genera, such as bacilli, no trials are available to describe the effect of bacilli probiotics on gingivitis in humans. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical effects of a bacilli-containing toothpaste, a mouthrinse and a toothbrush cleaner versus a placebo in patients with generalized gingivitis.	2016	27859252
changes in bacillus spore small molecules, rrna, germination, and outgrowth after extended sublethal exposure to various temperatures: evidence that protein synthesis is not essential for spore germination.	rrnas of dormant spores of bacillus subtilis were >95% degraded during extended incubation at 50°c, as reported previously (e. segev, y. smith, and s. ben-yehuda, cell 148:139-114, 2012, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.11.059), and this was also true of spores of bacillus megaterium incubation of spores of these two species for ∼20 h at 75 to 80°c also resulted in the degradation of all or the great majority of the 23s and 16s rrnas, although this rrna degradation was slower than nonen ...	2016	27645383
antioxidative, antibacterial, and food functional properties of the half-fin anchovy hydrolysates-glucose conjugates formed via maillard reaction.	the antioxidative, antibacterial, and food functional properties of the half-fin anchovy hydrolysates (hahp)-glucose conjugates formed by maillard reaction (mr) were investigated, respectively. results of sugar and amino acid contents loss rates, browning index, and molecular weight distribution indicated that the initial ph of hahp played an important role in the process of mr between hahp and glucose. hahp-glucose maillard reaction products (hahp-g mrps) demonstrated enhanced antioxidative act ...	2016	27331806
bacillus megaterium sf185 induces stress pathways and affects the cell cycle distribution of human intestinal epithelial cells.	the interaction between the enteric microbiota and intestinal cells often involves signal molecules that affect both microbial behaviour and host responses. examples of such signal molecules are the molecules secreted by bacteria that induce quorum sensing mechanisms in the producing microorganism and signal transduction pathways in the host cells. the pentapeptide competence and sporulation factor (csf) of bacillus subtilis is a well characterized quorum sensing factor that controls competence ...	2016	27291405
surface display of bacterial tyrosinase on spores of bacillus subtilis using cote as an anchor protein.	tyrosinases, copper-containing monooxygenases, are widely used enzymes for industrial, medical, and environmental applications. we report the first functional surface display of bacillus megaterium tyrosinase on bacillus subtilis spores using cote as an anchor protein. flow cytometry was used to verify surface expression of tyrosinase on the purified spores. moreover, tyrosinase activity of the displayed enzyme on b. subtilis spores was monitored in the presence of l-tyrosine (substrate) and cus ...	2016	27281458
influence of antibiotic adsorption on biocidal activities of silver nanoparticles.	excessive use of antibiotics has posed two major challenges in public healthcare. one of them is associated with the development of multi-drug resistance while the other one is linked to side effects. in the present investigation, the authors report an innovative approach to tackle the challenges of multi-drug resistance and acute toxicity of antibiotics by using antibiotics adsorbed metal nanoparticles. monodisperse silver nanoparticles (snps) have been synthesised by two-step process. in the f ...	2016	27074856
synthesis and evaluation of in vitro dna/protein binding affinity, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antitumor activity of mononuclear ru(ii) mixed polypyridyl complexes.	the four novel ru(ii) complexes [ru(phen)2mafip](2+) (1) [mafip = 2-(5-(methylacetate)furan-2-yl)-1 h-imidazo[4,5-f] [1, 10]phenanthroline, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline], [ru(bpy)2mafip](2+) (2) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) and [ru(dmb)2mafip](2+) (3) (dmb = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine) and [ru(hdpa)2mafip](2+) (4) (hdpa = 2,2-dipyridylamine) have been synthesized and fully characterized via elemental analysis, nmr spectroscopy, ei-ms and ft-ir spectroscopy. in addition, the dna-binding behaviors of ...	2016	26555289
biosurfactant-enhanced bioremediation of aged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in creosote contaminated soil.	the potential for biological treatment of an environment contaminated by complex petrochemical contaminants was evaluated using creosote contaminated soil in ex situ bio-slurry reactors. the efficacy of biosurfactant application and stimulation of in situ biosurfactant production was investigated. the biosurfactant produced was purified and characterised using fourier transform infrared (ftir) spectroscopy. biosurfactant enhanced degradation of pahs was 86.5% (with addition of biosurfactant) and ...	2016	26408261
rock inhabiting potassium solubilizing bacteria from kerala, india: characterization and possibility in chemical k fertilizer substitution.	the role of rock inhabiting bacteria in potassium (k) solubilization from feldspar and their application in crop nutrition through substitution of fertilizer k was explored through the isolation of 36 different bacteria from rocks of a major hill station at ponmudi in thiruvananthapuram, kerala, india. a comprehensive characterization of k solubilization from feldspar was achieved with these isolates which indicated that the k solubilizing efficiency increases with decrease in ph and increase in ...	2016	26350060
the accelerated evolution of lagging strand genes is independent of sequence context.	we previously discovered that lagging strand genes evolve faster in bacillus subtilis (and potentially other bacteria). lagging strand genes are transcribed in the head-on orientation with respect to dna replication, leading to collisions between the two machineries that stall replication and can destabilize genomes. our previous work indicated that the increased mutagenesis of head-on genes depends on transcription-coupled repair and the activity of an error prone polymerase which is likely act ...	2016	28039230
sugar allocation to metabolic pathways is tightly regulated and affects the virulence of streptococcus mutans.	bacteria take up and metabolize sugar as a carbohydrate source for survival. most bacteria can utilize many sugars, including glucose, sucrose, and galactose, as well as amino sugars, such as glucosamine and n-acetylglucosamine. after entering the cytoplasm, the sugars are mainly allocated to the glycolysis pathway (energy production) and to various bacterial component biosynthesis pathways, including the cell wall, nucleic acids and amino acids. sugars are also utilized to produce several virul ...	2016	28036052
alkalicoccus halolimnae gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake, and reclassification of bacillus saliphilus as alkalicoccus saliphilus comb. nov.	a gram-stain-positive, cocci-shaped, non-spore-forming, and moderately halophilic bacterium, designed bz-sz-xj29t, was isolated from a salt lake of china. on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence similarity, the most closely phylogenetic relatives were bacillus saliphilus 6agt (97.3 %) and other five bacillus species (95.4-96.3 %). however, it shared only 89.5 % with bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis dsm 10t, indicating that this isolate might not be a member of bacillus genus. the genomic dna g+c ...	2016	28032538
ameliorating effects of bacillus subtilis ansb060 on growth performance, antioxidant functions, and aflatoxin residues in ducks fed diets contaminated with aflatoxins.	bacillus subtilis ansb060 isolated from fish gut is very effective in detoxifying aflatoxins in feed and feed ingredients. the purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of b. subtilis ansb060 on growth performance, body antioxidant functions, and aflatoxin residues in ducks fed moldy maize naturally contaminated with aflatoxins. a total of 1500 18-d-old male cherry valley ducks with similar body weight were randomly assigned to five treatments with six replicates of 50 ducks per re ...	2016	28025501
functionalized nano-mos2 with peroxidase catalytic and near-infrared photothermal activities for safe and synergetic wound antibacterial applications.	we have developed a biocompatible antibacterial system based on polyethylene glycol functionalized molybdenum disulfide nanoflowers (peg-mos2 nfs). the peg-mos2 nfs have high near-infrared (nir) absorption and peroxidase-like activity, which can efficiently catalyze decomposition of low concentration of h2o2 to generate hydroxyl radicals (·oh). the conversion of h2o2 into ·oh can avoid the toxicity of high concentration of h2o2 and the ·oh has higher antibacterial activity, making resistant bact ...	2016	28024334
visualization of probiotic-mediated ca(2+) signaling in intestinal epithelial cells in vivo.	probiotics, such as lactic acid bacteria (lab) and bacillus subtilis var. natto, have been shown to modulate immune responses. it is important to understand how probiotic bacteria impact intestinal epithelial cells (iecs), because iecs are the first line of defense at the mucosal surface barrier and their activities substantially affect the gut microenvironment and immunity. however, to date, their precise mechanism remains unknown due to a lack of analytical systems available for live animal mo ...	2016	28018362
preserved hydride transfer mechanism in evolutionarily divergent thymidylate synthases.	thymidylate synthase (tsase) catalyzes a hydride transfer in the last step of the de novo biosynthesis of the dna nucleotide thymine. we compared two isozymes, namely, tsase from escherichia coli (ectsase) and tsase from bacillus subtilis (bstsase) that represent a case of divergent evolution. interestingly, a highly conserved histidine (h147 of ectsase) was proposed to serve a critical role in catalysis, but in bstsase it is naturally substituted by valine (val). yet, bstsase is more active tha ...	2016	28018055