Publications

modification of the secondary binding site of xylanases illustrates the impact of substrate selectivity on bread making.	to investigate the importance of substrate selectivity for xylanase functionality in bread making, the secondary binding site (sbs) of xylanases from bacillus subtilis (xbs) and pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis was modified. this resulted in two xylanases with increased relative activity toward water-unextractable wheat arabinoxylan (wu-ax) compared to water-extractable wheat arabinoxylan, i.e., an increased substrate selectivity, without changing other biochemical properties. addition of both mod ...	2016	27282886
comparison of tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy and isothermal micro-calorimetry for non-invasive detection of microbial growth in media fills.	two methods were investigated for non-invasive microbial growth-detection in intact glass vials as possible techniques for automated inspection of media-filled units. tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (tdlas) was used to determine microbially induced changes in o2 and co2 concentrations within the vial headspaces. isothermal microcalorimetry (imc) allowed the detection of metabolic heat production. bacillus subtilis and streptococcus salivarius were chosen as test organisms. parameters ...	2016	27282661
a new report of nocardiopsis valliformis strain ot1 from alkaline lonar crater of india and its use in synthesis of silver nanoparticles with special reference to evaluation of antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity.	the authors report the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) by alkaliphilic actinobacterium nocardiopsis valliformis ot1 strain isolated for the first time from lonar crater, india. the primary detection of silver nps formation was made by colour change from colourless to dark brown and confirmed by uv-vis spectrum of agnps at 423 nm, specific for agnps. further, agnps were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, zeta sizer, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ftir) ...	2016	27278909
a xylose-stimulated xylanase-xylose binding protein chimera created by random nonhomologous recombination.	saccharification of lignocellulosic material by xylanases and other glycoside hydrolases is generally conducted at high concentrations of the final reaction products, which frequently inhibit the enzymes used in the saccharification process. using a random nonhomologous recombination strategy, we have fused the gh11 xylanase from bacillus subtilis (xyna) with the xylose binding protein from escherichia coli (xbp) to produce an enzyme that is allosterically stimulated by xylose.	2016	27274356
extending the linker region increases the activity of the bacillus subtilis cellulase celi15.	to investigate the effect of the linker region (lr) on the enzymatic activity, stability, and flexibility of bacillus subtilis cellulase celi15, six mutants were constructed that contained increasing numbers of the lr.	2016	27271520
collagen-like antimicrobial peptides.	combinatorial library composed of rigid rod-like peptides with a triple-helical scaffold was constructed. the component peptides were designed to have various combinations of basic and neutral (or hydrophobic) amino acid residues based on collagen-like (gly-pro-yaa)-repeating sequences, inspired from the basic and amphiphilic nature of naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides. screening of the peptide pools resulted in identification of antimicrobial peptides. a structure-activity relationship ...	2016	27271210
the impact of manganese on biofilm development of bacillus subtilis.	bacterial biofilms are dynamic and structurally complex communities, involving cell-to-cell interactions. in recent years, various environmental signals that induce the complex biofilm development of the gram-positive bacterium bacillus subtilis have been identified. these signalling molecules are often media components or molecules produced by the cells themselves, as well as those of other interacting species. the responses can also be due to depletion of certain molecules in the vicinity of t ...	2016	27267987
effect of ethanol perturbation on viscosity and permeability of an inner membrane in bacillus subtilis spores.	in this work, we investigated how a combination of ethanol and high temperature (70°c), affect the properties of the inner membrane of bacillus subtilis spores. we observed membrane permeabilization for ethanol concentrations ≥50%, as indicated by the staining of the spores' dna by the cell impermeable dye propidium iodide. the loss of membrane integrity was also confirmed by a decrease in the peak corresponding to dipicolinic acid using infrared spectroscopy. finally, the spore refractivity (as ...	2016	27267704
optimization of chitin yield from shrimp shell waste by bacillus subtilis and impact of gamma irradiation on production of low molecular weight chitosan.	chitin and chitosan have been produced from the exoskeletons of crustacean shells such as shrimps. in this study, seventy bacterial isolates, isolated from soil, were tested for proteolytic enzymes production. the most efficient one, identified as bacillus subtilis, was employed to extract chitin from shrimp shell waste (ssw). following one-variable-at-a-time approach, the relevant factors affecting deproteinization (dp) and demineralization (dm) were sucrose concentration (10%, w/v), ssw concen ...	2016	27267572
the genome of ar9, a giant transducing bacillus phage encoding two multisubunit rna polymerases.	bacteriophage ar9 and its close relative pbs1 have been extensively used to construct early bacillus subtilis genetic maps. here, we present the 251,042bp ar9 genome, a linear, terminally redundant double-stranded dna containing deoxyuridine instead of thymine. multiple ar9 genes are interrupted by non-coding sequences or sequences encoding putative endonucleases. we show that these sequences are group i and group ii self-splicing introns. eight ar9 proteins are homologous to fragments of bacter ...	2016	27236306
biological characterization of the hygrobafilomycin antibiotic jbir-100 and bioinformatic insights into the hygrolide family of natural products.	the hygrolides, a family of 16-member-ring-containing plecomacrolides produced by actinobacteria, exhibit numerous reported bioactivities. using hr-ms/ms, nucleophilic 1,4-addition-based labeling, nmr, and bioinformatic analysis, we identified streptomyces varsoviensis as a novel producer of jbir-100, a fumarate-containing hygrolide, and elucidated the previously unknown stereochemistry of the natural product. we investigated the antimicrobial activity of jbir-100, with preliminary insight into ...	2016	27234886
directed evolution of adenylosuccinate synthetase from bacillus subtilis and its application in metabolic engineering.	adenylosuccinate synthetase (ec. 6.3.4.4) encoded by pura in bacillus subtilis, catalyzing the first step of the conversion of imp to amp, plays an important role in flux distribution in the purine biosynthetic pathway. in this study, we described the use of site saturation mutagenesis to obtain a desired enzyme activity of adenylosuccinate synthetase and its application in flux regulation. based on sequence alignment and structural modeling, a library of enzyme variants was created by a semi-ra ...	2016	27234879
expression of nattokinase in escherichia coli and renaturation of its inclusion body.	nattokinase is an important fibrinolytic enzyme with therapeutic applications for cardiovascular diseases. the full-length and mature nattokinase genes were cloned from bacillus subtilis var. natto and expressed in pqe30 vector in escherichia coli. the full-length gene expressed low nattokinase activity in the intracellular soluble and the medium fractions. the mature gene expressed low soluble nattokinase activity and large amount insoluble protein in inclusion bodies without enzyme activity. l ...	2016	27234878
a transposon present in specific strains of bacillus subtilis negatively affects nutrient- and dodecylamine-induced spore germination.	spore germination shows a large inter-strain variability. spores of certain bacillus subtilis strains, including isolates from spoiled food products, exhibit different germination behavior from spores of the well-studied model organism bacillus subtilis 168, often for unknown reasons. in this study, we analyzed spore germination efficiencies and kinetics of seventeen b. subtilis strains with previously sequenced genomes. a subsequent gene-trait matching analysis revealed a correlation between a ...	2016	27234229
conversion of glycerol to 1,3-dihydroxyacetone by glycerol dehydrogenase co-expressed with an nadh oxidase for cofactor regeneration.	to investigate the efficiency of a cofactor regeneration enzyme co-expressed with a glycerol dehydrogenase for the production of 1,3-dihydroxyacetone (dha).	2016	27233513
complete genome sequence and methylome analysis of bacillus globigii atcc 49760.	bacillus subtilis (ehrenburg) cohn atcc 49760, deposited as bacillus globigii, is the source strain for the restriction enzymes bgli and bglii. its complete sequence and full methylome were determined using single-molecule real-time (smrt) sequencing.	2016	27231364
draft genome sequence of bacillus subtilis subsp. natto strain cgmcc 2108, a high producer of poly-γ-glutamic acid.	here, we report the 4.1-mb draft genome sequence of bacillus subtilis subsp. natto strain cgmcc 2108, a high producer of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-pga). this sequence will provide further help for the biosynthesis of γ-pga and will greatly facilitate research efforts in metabolic engineering of b. subtilis subsp. natto strain cgmcc 2108.	2016	27231363
effect of drying on the bioactive compounds, antioxidant, antibacterial and antityrosinase activities of pomegranate peel.	the use of pomegranate peel is highly associated with its rich phenolic concentration. series of drying methods are recommended since bioactive compounds are highly sensitive to thermal degradation. the study was conducted to evaluate the effects of drying on the bioactive compounds, antioxidant as well as antibacterial and antityrosinase activities of pomegranate peel.	2016	27229852
new insight into the catalytic mechanism of bacterial mray from enzyme kinetics and docking studies.	phospho-murnac-pentapeptide translocase (mray) catalyzes the synthesis of lipid i, a bacterial peptidoglycan precursor. as such, mray is essential for bacterial survival and therefore is an ideal target for developing novel antibiotics. however, the understanding of its catalytic mechanism, despite the recently determined crystal structure, remains limited. in the present study, the kinetic properties of bacillus subtilis mray (bsmray) were investigated by fluorescence enhancement using dansylat ...	2016	27226570
identification and characterization of heptaprenylglyceryl phosphate processing enzymes in bacillus subtilis.	in archaea, ether lipids play an essential role as the main building blocks of the cellular membrane. recently, ether lipids have also been discovered in the domain of bacteria, and the key enzymes that catalyze their synthesis, glycerol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase and heptaprenylglyceryl phosphate synthase, have been described. in bacillales, heptaprenylglyceryl phosphate does not become linked to a second polyprenyl moiety like ether lipids in archaea but is dephosphorylated and acetylated. here ...	2016	27226549
identification of d-amino acid dehydrogenase as an upstream regulator of the autoinduction of a putative acyltransferase in corynebacterium glutamicum.	expression of a putative acyltransferase encoded by ncgl- 0350 of corynebacterium glutamicum is induced by cell-free culture fluids obtained from stationary-phase growth of both c. glutamicum and pseudomonas aeruginosa, providing evidence for interspecies communication. here, we further confirmed that such communication occurs by showing that acyltransferase expression is induced by culture fluid obtained from diverse gram-negative and -positive bacterial strains, including escherichia coli, sal ...	2016	27225460
a novel phytase characterized by thermostability and high ph tolerance from rice phyllosphere isolated bacillus subtilis b.s.46.	in this study, an extracellular alkali-thermostable phytase producing bacteria, bacillus subtilis b.s.46, were isolated and molecularly identified using 16s rrna sequencing. response surface methodology was applied to study the interaction effects of assay conditions to obtain optimum value for maximizing phytase activity. the optimization resulted in 137% (4.627 u/ml) increase in phytase activity under optimum condition (56.5 °c, ph 7.30 and 2.05 mm sodium phytate). the enzyme also showed 60-73 ...	2016	27222743
slowdown of growth controls cellular differentiation.	how can changes in growth rate affect the regulatory networks behavior and the outcomes of cellular differentiation? we address this question by focusing on starvation response in sporulating bacillus subtilis we show that the activity of sporulation master regulator spo0a increases with decreasing cellular growth rate. using a mathematical model of the phosphorelay-the network controlling spo0a-we predict that this increase in spo0a activity can be explained by the phosphorelay protein accumula ...	2016	27216630
yodl and yisk possess shape-modifying activities that are suppressed by mutations in bacillus subtilis mreb and mbl.	many bacteria utilize actin-like proteins to direct peptidoglycan (pg) synthesis. mreb and mreb-like proteins are thought to act as scaffolds, guiding the localization and activity of key pg-synthesizing proteins during cell elongation. despite their critical role in viability and cell shape maintenance, very little is known about how the activity of mreb family proteins is regulated. using a bacillus subtilis misexpression screen, we identified two genes, yodl and yisk, that when misexpressed l ...	2016	27215790
six new physalins from physalis alkekengi var. franchetii and their cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity.	six new physalin steroids, 7β-methoxylisophysalin b (1), 7β-methoxylphysalin c (2), physalin v (3), physalin vi (4), physalin vii (5), isophysalin i (6), together with 20 known physalins (7-26) were isolated from calyces of physalis alkekengi var. franchetii. structures of the new compounds were revealed through 1d and 2d nmr and mass spectroscopic methods. compounds 1-26 were evaluated for cytotoxicity against human hl-60, smmc-7721, a-549, mcf-7 and sw-480, and the results indicated that compo ...	2016	27215128
limited proteolysis of myoglobin opens channel in ferrochelatase-globin complex for iron to zinc transmetallation.	recombinant ferrochelatase (bsfech) from bacillus subtilis expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de3) was found by uv-visible spectroscopy to bind the model substrate tetraphenylporphyrin-sulfonate, tpps, with ka=3.8 10(5)mol/l in aqueous phosphate buffer ph 5.7 at 30°c, and to interact with metmyoglobin with ka=1.07±0.13 10(5)mol/l at 30°c. the iron/zinc exchange in myoglobin occurring during maturation of parma hams seems to depend on such substrate binding to bsfech and was facilitated by limite ...	2016	27211675
crystal structure of a group i energy coupling factor vitamin transporter s component in complex with its cognate substrate.	energy coupling factor (ecf) transporters are responsible for the uptake of essential scarce nutrients in prokaryotes. this atp-binding cassette transporter family comprises two subgroups that share a common architecture forming a tripartite membrane protein complex consisting of a translocation component and atp hydrolyzing module and a substrate-capture (s) component. here, we present the crystal structure of ykoe from bacillus subtilis, the s component of the previously uncharacterized group ...	2016	27447050
poly-γ-glutamic acid (pga)-producing bacillus species isolated from kinema, indian fermented soybean food.	kinema, an ethnic fermented, non-salted and sticky soybean food is consumed in the eastern part of india. the stickiness is one of the best qualities of good kinema preferred by consumers, which is due to the production of poly-γ-glutamic acid (pga). average load of bacillus in kinema was 10(7) cfu/g and of lactic acid bacteria was 10(3) cfu/g. bacillus spp. were screened for pga-production and isolates of lactic acid bacteria were also tested for degradation of pga. only bacillus produced pga, ...	2016	27446012
antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of organic extracts from cleome spinosa jaqc.	due to the use of cleome spinosa jacq. (cleomaceae) in traditional medicine against inflammatory and infectious processes, this study evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial potential and phytochemical composition of extracts from its roots and leaves. from leaves (l) and roots (r) of c. spinosa different extracts were obtained (cyclohexane: chl and chr; chloroform: cl and cr; ethyl acetate: eal and ear, methanol: ml and mr). the antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the broth microdilution metho ...	2016	27446005
lipopeptides from bacillus subtilis ac7 inhibit adhesion and biofilm formation of candida albicans on silicone.	candida albicans is the major fungus that colonises medical implants, causing device-associated infections with high mortality. antagonistic bacterial products with interesting biological properties, such as biosurfactants, have recently been considered for biofilm prevention. this study investigated the activity of lipopeptide biosurfactant produced by bacillus subtilis ac7 (ac7 bs) against adhesion and biofilm formation of c. albicans on medical-grade silicone elastomeric disks (seds). chemica ...	2016	27444239
an anionic defensin from plutella xylostella with potential activity against bacillus thuringiensis.	insect defensins, are cationic peptides that play an important role in immunity against microbial infection. in the present study, an anionic defensin from plutella xylostella, (designated as pxdef) was first cloned and characterized. amino acid sequence analysis showed that the mature peptide owned characteristic six-cysteine motifs with predicted isoelectric point of 5.57, indicating an anionic defensin. quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that pxdef was significan ...	2016	27443911
structure and dynamics of a model polymer mixture mimicking a levan-based bacterial biofilm of bacillus subtilis.	in this paper, we report on the structure and dynamics of biologically important model polymer mixtures that mimic the extracellular polymeric matrix in native biofilm of bacillus subtilis. this biofilm is rich in nonionic polysaccharide levan, but also contains other biopolymers such as dna and proteins in small concentrations. aiming to identify the contribution of each component to the formation of the biofilm, our investigations encompassed dynamic rheology, small-angle x-ray scattering, dyn ...	2016	27438223
phytochemical composition and biological activities of selected wild berries (rubus moluccanus l., r. fraxinifolius poir., and r. alpestris blume).	berries, from the genus rubus, are among the vital components in a healthy diet. in this study, 80% methanol extracts from the three wild rubus species (rubus moluccanus l., rubus fraxinifolius poir., and rubus alpestris blume) were evaluated for their phytochemical contents (total phenolics, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and carotenoid content), antioxidant (dpph, frap, and abts assays), antiacetylcholinesterase, and antibacterial activities. gc-ms was used for quantification of naturally occurring p ...	2016	27437023
simulation of bacillus subtilis biofilm growth on agar plate by diffusion-reaction based continuum model.	various species of bacteria form highly organized spatially-structured aggregates known as biofilms. to understand how microenvironments impact biofilm growth dynamics, we propose a diffusion-reaction continuum model to simulate the formation of bacillus subtilis biofilm on an agar plate. the extended finite element method combined with level set method are employed to perform the simulation, numerical results show the quantitative relationship between colony morphologies and nutrient depletion ...	2016	27434099
a novel strategy for acetonitrile wastewater treatment by using a recombinant bacterium with biofilm-forming and nitrile-degrading capability.	there is a great need for efficient acetonitrile removal technology in wastewater treatment to reduce the discharge of this pollutant in untreated wastewater. in this study, a nitrilase gene (nit) isolated from a nitrile-degrading bacterium (rhodococcus rhodochrous bx2) was cloned and transformed into a biofilm-forming bacterium (bacillus subtilis n4) that expressed the recombinant protein upon isopropylthio-β-galactoside (iptg) induction. the recombinant bacterium (b. subtilis n4-pht01-nit) for ...	2016	27434252
in situ reduction of silver by polydopamine: a novel antimicrobial modification of a thin-film composite polyamide membrane.	we report a facile method for the antimicrobial modification of a thin-film composite polyamide reverse osmosis (ro) membrane. the membrane surface was first coated with polydopamine (pda), whose reducing catechol groups subsequently immobilized silver ions in situ to form uniformly dispersed silver nanoparticles (agnps) inside the coating layer. agglomeration of agnps was not observed despite a high silver loading of 13.3 ± 0.3 μg/cm(2) (corresponding to a surface coverage of 18.5% by the nanop ...	2016	27479138
[comparative sensitivity of the luminescent photobacterium phosphoreum, escherichia coli, and bacillus subtilis strains to toxic effects of carbon-based nanomaterials and metal nanoparticles].	a comparative analysis of the four commercially available and laboratory luminescent sensor strains to the toxic effect of 10 carbon-based nanomatherials (cbns) and 10 metal nanoparticles (mnps) was carried out in this study. the bioluminescence inhibition assays with marine photobacterium phosphoreum and recombinant escherichia coli strains were varied in minimal toxic concentrations and ec50 values but led to well correlated biotoxicity evaluation for the most active compounds were ranked as c ...	2016	27476206
edible films based on cassava starch and fructooligosaccharides produced by bacillus subtilis natto cct 7712.	the objectives of this work were to produce fructooligosaccharides (foss) by using the microorganism bacillus subtilis natto cct 7712 and to employ these foss as a functional ingredient in cassava starch edible films, which were characterized according to their microstructure, mechanical and barrier properties. the produced foss could be easily dissolved, resulting in homogeneous filmogenic solutions, which were easily manipulated to obtain films by casting. foss were added in different concentr ...	2016	27474664
classic spotlight: green fluorescent protein in bacillus subtilis and the birth of bacterial cell biology.		2016	27471262
complete genome sequence of bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis strain ∆6.	bacillus subtilis ∆6 is a genome-reduced strain that was cured from six prophages and at-rich islands. this strain is of great interest for biotechnological applications. here, we announce the full-genome sequence of this strain. interestingly, the conjugative element icebs1 has most likely undergone self-excision in b. subtilis ∆6.	2016	27469946
dpra is required for natural transformation and affects pilin variation in neisseria gonorrhoeae.	natural transformation is the main means of horizontal genetic exchange in the obligate human pathogen neisseria gonorrhoeae and drives the spread of antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants. transformation can be divided into four steps: (1) dna binding, (2) dna uptake, (3) dna processing and (4) dna recombination into the chromosome. the dna processing enzyme dpra has been shown to shuttle incoming ssdna to the recombination enzyme reca during transformation in bacillus subtilis and st ...	2016	27469477
green synthesis and antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles using wild medicinal mushroom ganoderma applanatum (pers.) pat. from similipal biosphere reserve, odisha, india.	in the present study, green synthesis and cost effective approach of silver nanoparticles using wild medicinal mushroom ganoderma applanatum (pers.) pat. from similipal biosphere reserve, odisha, india is reported. the biosynthesised agnps were characterised using uv-visible spectroscopy, particle analyser and scanning electron microscopy studies. it was found by dynamic light scattering analysis, that the average size and charges of the agnps were 133.0 ± 0.361 nm and -6.01 ± 5.30 mv, respectiv ...	2016	27463787
synthesis of raffinose by transfructosylation using recombinant levansucrase from clostridium arbusti sl206.	raffinose, a functional trisaccharide of α-d-galactopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-α-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-d-fructofuranoside, is a prebiotic that shows promise for use as a food ingredient.	2016	27417332
morphogenic protein rodz interacts with sporulation specific spoiie in bacillus subtilis.	the first landmark in sporulation of bacillus subtilis is the formation of an asymmetric septum followed by selective activation of the transcription factor σf in the resulting smaller cell. how the morphological transformations that occur during sporulation are coupled to cell-specific activation of transcription is largely unknown. the membrane protein spoiie is a constituent of the asymmetric sporulation septum and is a crucial determinant of σf activation. here we report that the morphogenic ...	2016	27415800
intermittency measurement in two-dimensional bacterial turbulence.	in this paper, an experimental velocity database of a bacterial collective motion, e.g., bacillus subtilis, in turbulent phase with volume filling fraction 84% provided by professor goldstein at cambridge university (uk), was analyzed to emphasize the scaling behavior of this active turbulence system. this was accomplished by performing a hilbert-based methodology analysis to retrieve the scaling property without the β-limitation. a dual-power-law behavior separated by the viscosity scale ℓ_{ν} ...	2016	27415272
efficient multiscale models of polymer assembly.	protein polymerization and bundling play a central role in cell physiology. predictive modeling of these processes remains an open challenge, especially when the proteins involved become large and their concentrations high. we present an effective kinetics model of filament formation, bundling, and depolymerization after gtp hydrolysis, which involves a relatively small number of species and reactions, and remains robust over a wide range of concentrations and timescales. we apply this general m ...	2016	27410746
isolation of mexican bacillus species and their effects in promoting growth of chili pepper (capsicum annuum l. cv jalapeño).	the purpose of this work was to isolate and identify native bacteria from plants collected in the state of yucatán, méxico with the ability to promote growth of chili pepper (capsicum annuum l. cv jalapeño). we identified nine bacterial isolates that belong to five species of bacillus (i.e. bacillus subtilis, b. flexus, b. cereus, b. megaterium and b. endophyticus) that produced indoleacetic acid (4.0-24.3 µg/ml) with solubilization index of 1.3-1.6. all the bacterial isolates were evaluated bas ...	2016	27407303
structure elucidation and biological activity of antibacterial compound from micromonospora auratinigra, a soil actinomycetes.	the aim of this study was to isolate and characterize the bioactive compound of micromonospora auratinigra, hk-10 and its antibacterial inhibitory mechanism.	2016	27406903
expression of pr-protein genes and induction of defense-related enzymes by bacillus subtilis cbr05 in tomato (solanum lycopersicum) plants challenged with erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora.	the present study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a biocontrol agent bacillus subtilis cbr05 for control of soft rot disease (erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora) in tomato, and the possible mechanisms of its resistance induction have been investigated under pot conditions. results showed that plants inoculated with b. subtilis cbr05 had lower disease incidence (36%). a significant increase in superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities was observed ...	2016	27405462
detecting cortex fragments during bacterial spore germination.	the process of endospore germination in clostridium difficile, and other clostridia, increasingly is being found to differ from the model spore-forming bacterium, bacillus subtilis. germination is triggered by small molecule germinants and occurs without the need for macromolecular synthesis. though differences exist between the mechanisms of spore germination in species of bacillus and clostridium, a common requirement is the hydrolysis of the peptidoglycan-like cortex which allows the spore co ...	2016	27403726
a part toolbox to tune genetic expression in bacillus subtilis.	libraries of well-characterised components regulating gene expression levels are essential to many synthetic biology applications. while widely available for the gram-negative model bacterium escherichia coli, such libraries are lacking for the gram-positive model bacillus subtilis, a key organism for basic research and biotechnological applications. here, we engineered a genetic toolbox comprising libraries of promoters, ribosome binding sites (rbs), and protein degradation tags to precisely tu ...	2016	27402159
stationary-phase mutagenesis in stressed bacillus subtilis cells operates by mfd-dependent mutagenic pathways.	in replication-limited cells of bacillus subtilis, mfd is mutagenic at highly transcribed regions, even in the absence of bulky dna lesions. however, the mechanism leading to increased mutagenesis through mfd remains currently unknown. here, we report that mfd may promote mutagenesis in nutritionally stressed b. subtilis cells by coordinating error-prone repair events mediated by uvra, muty and poli. using a point-mutated gene conferring leucine auxotrophy as a genetic marker, it was found that ...	2016	27399782
recyclable photo-thermal nano-aggregates of magnetic nanoparticle conjugated gold nanorods for effective pathogenic bacteria lysis.	we describe the nucleophilic hybridization technique for fabricating magnetic nanoparticle (mnp) around gold nanorod (aunr) for desired photo-thermal lysis on pathogenic bacteria. from the electromagnetic energy conversion into heat to the surrounding medium, a significant and quicker temperature rise was noted after light absorption on nanohybrids, at a controlled laser light output and optimum nanoparticle concentration. we observed a similar photo-thermal pattern for more than three times for ...	2016	27398487
a novel, sensitive and label-free loop-mediated isothermal amplification detection method for nucleic acids using luminophore dyes.	electrochemiluminescence (ecl) has been widely rendered for nucleic acid testing. here, we integrate loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) with ecl technique for dna detection and quantification. the target lamp dna bound electrostatically with [ru(bpy)3](+2) on the carbon electrode surface, and an ecl reaction was triggered by tripropylamine (tpra) to yield luminescence. we illustrated this method as a new and highly sensitive strategy for the detection of sequence-specific dna from dif ...	2016	27393827
effect of mutations to amino acid a301 and f361 in thermostability and catalytic activity of the β-galactosidase from bacillus subtilis vtcc-dvn-12-01.	beta-galactosidase (ec 3.2.1.23), a commercially important enzyme, catalyses the hydrolysis of β-1,3- and β-1,4-galactosyl bonds of polymer or oligosaccharidesas well as transglycosylation of β-galactopyranosides. due to catalytic properties; β-galactosidase might be useful in the milk industry to hydrolyze lactose and produce prebiotic gos. the purpose of this study is to characterize β-galactosidase mutants from b. subtilis.	2016	27393145
isolation and structural characterization of an oligosaccharide produced by bacillus subtilis in a maltose-containing medium.	among 116 bacterial strains isolated from korean fermented foods, one strain (ss-76) was selected for producing new oligosaccharides in a basal medium containing maltose as the sole source of carbon. upon morphological characterization using scanning electron microscopy, the cells of strain ss-76 appeared rod-shaped; subsequent 16s rrna gene sequence analysis revealed that strain ss-76 was phylogenetically close to bacillus subtilis. the main oligosaccharide fraction b extracted from the culture ...	2016	27390729
expression, purification and initial characterization of a novel recombinant antimicrobial peptide mytichitin-a in pichia pastoris.	mytichitin-a is an antimicrobial peptide isolated from the serum of mytilus coruscus and is reported to inhibit bacterial growth as tested on several gram-positive bacteria. to produce large quantity of mytichitin-a to further investigate its biological activity, nucleotide sequence encoding a recombinant 6 × his-mytichitin-a (rmytichitin-a) peptide was synthesized and inserted into the inducible yeast expression vector ppiczαa. with the availability of such an expression vector called ppiczαa-m ...	2016	27389469
rapid removal of bacterial endotoxin and natural organic matter in water by dielectric barrier discharge plasma: efficiency and toxicity assessment.	low-temperature plasma was used to control bacteria, endotoxins and natural organic matter (nom) in water by a dielectric barrier discharge (dbd) device. results indicate that dbd plasma has an obvious inactivation effect on various bacteria in water. the degree of inactivation from difficult to easy is as follows: bacillus subtilis>escherichia coli>staphylococcus aureus. activated ultrapure water treated using dbd plasma exhibited a sustained sterilization effect, but this sterilization effect ...	2016	27388420
dietary and microbiome factors determine longevity in caenorhabditis elegans.	diet composition affects organismal health. nutrient uptake depends on the microbiome. caenorhabditis elegans fed a bacillus subtilis diet live longer than those fed the standard escherichia coli diet. here we report that this longevity difference is primarily caused by dietary coq, an antioxidant synthesized by e. coli but not by b. subtilis. coq-supplemented e. coli fed worms have a lower oxidation state yet live shorter than coq-less b. subtilis fed worms. we showed that mutations affecting l ...	2016	27510225
visualizing flagella while tracking bacteria.	a complete description of the swimming behavior of a bacterium requires measurement of the displacement and orientation of the cell body together with a description of the movement of the flagella. we rebuilt a tracking microscope so that we could visualize flagellar filaments of tracked cells by fluorescence. we studied escherichia coli (cells of various lengths, including swarm cells), bacillus subtilis (wild-type and a mutant with fewer flagella), and a motile streptococcus (now enterococcus) ...	2016	27508446
microbial activation of bacillus subtilis-immobilized microgel particles for enhanced oil recovery.	microbially enhanced oil recovery involves the use of microorganisms to extract oil remaining in reservoirs. here, we report fabrication of microgel particles with immobilized bacillus subtilis for application to microbially enhanced oil recovery. using b. subtilis isolated from oil-contaminated soils in myanmar, we evaluated the ability of this microbe to reduce the interfacial tension at the oil-water interface via production of biosurfactant molecules, eventually yielding excellent emulsifica ...	2016	27506231
characterization of n-succinylation of l-lysylphosphatidylglycerol in bacillus subtilis using tandem mass spectrometry.	phospholipids generally dominate in bacterial lipids. the negatively charged nature of phospholipids renders bacteria susceptible to cationic antibiotic peptides. in comparison with gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria in general have much less zwitterionic phosphatidylethanolamine. however, they are known for producing aminoacylated phosphatidylglycerol (pg), especially positively charged l-lysyl-pg, which is catalyzed by lysyl-pg synthase mprf, which appears to have a broad range of ...	2016	27506207
antimicrobial efficacy of complete denture cleansers.	to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of alkaline peroxides against microbial biofilms on acrylic resin surfaces.	2016	27505991
cardiolipin deficiency causes a dissociation of the b 6 c:caa 3 megacomplex in b. subtilis membranes.	the associations among respiratory complexes in energy-transducing membranes have been established. in fact, it is known that the gram-negative bacteria paracoccus denitrificans and escherichia coli have respiratory supercomplexes in their membranes. these supercomplexes are important for channeling substrates between enzymes in a metabolic pathway, and the assembly of these supercomplexes depends on the protein subunits and membrane lipids, mainly cardiolipin, which is present in both the mitoc ...	2016	27503613
a self-sufficient system for removal of synthetic dye by coupling of spore-displayed triphenylmethane reductase and glucose 1-dehydrogenase.	biodegradation of triphenylmethane dyes by microorganisms is hampered by the transport barrier imposed by cell membranes. on the other hand, cell-free systems using enzyme-based biodegradation strategy are costly. therefore, an efficient and inexpensive approach circumventing these problems is highly desirable. here, we constructed a self-sufficient system for synthetic dye removal by coupling of spore surface-displayed triphenylmethane reductase (tmr) and glucose 1-dehydrogenase (gdh) for the f ...	2016	27502455
role of the ganspqab operon in degradation of galactan by bacillus subtilis.	bacillus subtilis possesses different enzymes for the utilization of plant cell wall polysaccharides. this includes a gene cluster containing galactan degradation genes (gana and ganb), two transporter component genes (ganq and ganp), and the sugar-binding lipoprotein-encoding gene gans (previously known as cycb). these genes form an operon that is regulated by ganr. the degradation of galactan by b. subtilis begins with the activity of extracellular ganb. ganb is an endo-β-1,4-galactanase and i ...	2016	27501980
functional requirements of cellular differentiation: lessons from bacillus subtilis.	successful execution of differentiation programs requires cells to assess multitudes of internal and external cues and respond with appropriate gene expression programs. here, we review how bacillus subtilis sporulation network deals with these tasks focusing on the lessons generalizable to other systems. with feedforward loops controlling both production and activation of downstream transcriptional regulators, cells achieve ultrasensitive threshold-like responses. the arrangement of sporulation ...	2016	27501460
a protein complex supports the production of spo0a-p and plays additional roles for biofilms and the k-state in bacillus subtilis.	bacillus subtilis can enter three developmental pathways to form spores, biofilms or k-state cells. the k-state confers competence for transformation and antibiotic tolerance. transition into each of these states requires a stable protein complex formed by ylbf, ymca and yaat. we have reported that this complex acts in sporulation by accelerating the phosphorylation of the response regulator spo0a. phosphorelay acceleration was also predicted to explain their involvement in biofilm formation and ...	2016	27501195
prevention of heat stress adverse effects in rats by bacillus subtilis strain.	this study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of the bacillus subtilis strain against complications related to heat stress. thirty-two sprague-dawley rats were used in this study. animals were orally treated twice a day for two days with b. subtilis bsb3 strain or pbs. the next day after the last treatment, each group was divided and two experimental groups (one treated with pbs and one treated with b. subtilis) were placed at 45 (o)c for 25 min. two control groups stayed for 25 min ...	2016	27500362
antimicrobial effects of piper hispidum extract, fractions and chalcones against candida albicans and staphylococcus aureus.	three chalcones, 2'-hydroxy-4,4',6'-trimethoxychalcone, 2'-hydroxy-4,4',6'-tetramethoxychalcone, and 3,2'-dihydroxy-4,4',6'-trimethoxychalcone, were isolated from the leaves of piper hispidum in a bioguided fractionation of crude extract. the antimicrobial activity of crude extract of p. hispidum leaves was determined against bacteria escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacillus subtilis, staphylococcus aureus and yeasts candida albicans, c. parapsilosis and c. tropicalis. fractions and ch ...	2016	27499460
novel nanocomposites with selective antibacterial action and low cytotoxic effect on eukaryotic cells.	in the present study we synthesized lignin-tetra ethoxysilane (teos) nanocomposite and characterized it using uv-spectroscopy, fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (ftir), differential scanning calorimetry (dsc), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (fe-sem) and scanning electron microscopy (sem). xrd spectra and sem micrographs confirmed a relatively high degree of crystallinity (peaks located at lower angle, 2θ=12° and 2θ=22.0°) and porous nature of nanocomposite. the lignin-teos na ...	2016	27498416
a new dual-collimation batch reactor for determination of ultraviolet inactivation rate constants for microorganisms in aqueous suspensions.	we developed, characterized, and tested a new dual-collimation aqueous uv reactor to improve the accuracy and consistency of aqueous k-value determinations. this new system is unique because it collimates uv energy from a single lamp in two opposite directions. the design provides two distinct advantages over traditional single-collimation systems: 1) real-time uv dose (fluence) determination; and 2) simple actinometric determination of a reactor factor that relates measured irradiance levels to ...	2016	27498232
performance equivalence and validation of the soleris automated system for quantitative microbial content testing using pure suspension cultures.	using united states pharmacopeia-national formulary (usp-nf) general method <1223> guidance, the soleris(®) automated system and reagents (nonfermenting total viable count for bacteria and direct yeast and mold for yeast and mold) were validated, using a performance equivalence approach, as an alternative to plate counting for total microbial content analysis using five representative microbes: staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, candida albicans, and aspergillus br ...	2016	27497374
the comparison of the combined toxicity between gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria: a case study of antibiotics and quorum-sensing inhibitors.	quorum-sensing inhibitors (qsis) are being used increasingly in diverse fields, and are likely to end up in the environment, where they may encounter the antibiotics and consequently cause joint effects on biological systems. however, the potential joint effects of qsis and antibiotics have received little attention. in this study, the joint effects of antibiotics, represented by sulfonamides (sas) and penicillin, as well as three potential qsis, were investigated using both gram-negative (esche ...	2016	27491790
global transcriptional analysis of virus-host interactions between phage ϕ29 and bacillus subtilis.	the study of phage-host relationships is essential to understanding the dynamic of microbial systems. here, we analyze genome-wide interactions of bacillus subtilis and its lytic phage ϕ29 during the early stage of infection. simultaneous high-resolution analysis of virus and host transcriptomes by deep rna sequencing allowed us to identify differentially expressed bacterial genes. phage ϕ29 induces significant transcriptional changes in about 0.9% (38/4,242) and 1.8% (76/4,242) of the host prot ...	2016	27489274
the sav1322 gene from staphylococcus aureus: genomic and proteomic approaches to identification and characterization of gene function.	bacterial two-component regulatory systems (tcrs) are associated with the expression of virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility. in staphylococcus aureus, 16 tcrs types have been identified. the histidine kinase/response regulator sav1321/sav1322 in the s. aureus shares considerable homology with the tcrs deskr in bacillus subtilis. however, a function for the sav1322 locus has not yet been assigned.	2016	27599615
production of d-allulose with d-psicose 3-epimerase expressed and displayed on the surface of bacillus subtilis spores.	the production of d-allulose is usually conducted via isolated-enzyme or whole-cell biocatalysis reactions. in the present study, an innovative biocatalyst, d-psicose 3-epimerase (dpease) from clostridium scindens atcc 35704, presented on the surface of bacillus subtilis spores, was applied for d-allulose production. dpease was fused at the c-terminus of the anchoring protein, cotz, via a peptide linker, and trophic genes were used as selection markers during the chromosomal integration. the opt ...	2016	27598572
induction of osmoregulation and modulation of salt stress in acacia gerrardii benth. by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and bacillus subtilis (bera 71).	the role of soil microbiota in plant stress management, though speculated a lot, is still far from being completely understood. we conducted a greenhouse experiment to examine synergistic impact of plant growth promoting rhizobacterium, bacillus subtilis (bera 71), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf) (claroideoglomus etunicatum; rhizophagus intraradices; and funneliformis mosseae) to induce acquired systemic resistance in talh tree (acacia gerrardii benth.) against adverse impact of salt stre ...	2016	27597969
bacillus subtilis hfq: a role in chemotaxis and motility.	hfq is a global post-transcriptional regulator that modulates the translation and stability of target mrnas and thereby regulates pleiotropic functions, such as growth, stress, virulence and motility, in many gram-negative bacteria. however, comparatively little is known about the regulation and function(s) of hfq in gram-positive bacteria. recently, in bacillus subtilis, a role for hfq in stationary phase survival has been suggested, although the possibility of hfq having an additional role(s) ...	2016	27581927
electromagnetic attenuation characteristics of microbial materials in the infrared band.	in this study, seven microbial materials (entomogenous fungi bb3088 mycelia, entomogenous fungi bb3088 spores, entomogenous fungi ma2677 mycelia, entomogenous fungi ma2677 spores, bacillus subtilis 8204, staphylococcus aureus 6725, and saccharomyces cerevisiae 1025) were used to measure electromagnetic (em) signal extinction. they were subjected to light absorption and reflection measurements in the range of 4000-400 cm(-1) (2.5-25 µm) using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. the specular ...	2016	27581361
characterization of a bacillus subtilis surfactin synthetase knockout and antimicrobial activity analysis.	gene knockout is an important approach to improve the production of antimicrobial compounds. b. subtilis pb2-ls10, derived from b. subtilis pb2-l by a surfactin synthetase (srf) genes knockout, exhibits stronger inhibitory action than its parental strain against all tested pathogenic bacteria and fungi. the antimicrobial extracts produced by b. subtilis pb2-l and b. subtilis pb2-ls10 respectively were characterized by the high-resolution lc-esi-ms. to provide further insight into the distinct an ...	2016	27576183
self-organized patchiness facilitates survival in a cooperatively growing bacillus subtilis population.	ecosystems are highly structured. organisms are not randomly distributed but can be found in spatial aggregates at many scales, leading to spatial heterogeneity or even regular patterns(1). the widespread occurrence of these aggregates in many different ecosystems suggests that generic factors intrinsic to the populations-such as interactions between the organisms-play a major role in their emergence(1,2). beyond the emergence of spatial patchiness, its functional consequences remain unclear. he ...	2016	27572641
nusa-dependent transcription termination prevents misregulation of global gene expression.	intrinsic transcription terminators consist of an rna hairpin followed by a u-rich tract, and these signals can trigger termination without the involvement of additional factors. although nusa is known to stimulate intrinsic termination in vitro, the in vivo targets and global impact of nusa are not known because it is essential for viability. using genome-wide 3' end-mapping on an engineered bacillus subtilis nusa depletion strain, we show that weak suboptimal terminators are the principle nusa ...	2016	27571753
a single-crd c-type lectin is important for bacterial clearance in the silkworm.	c-type lectins (ctls) depend on the carbohydrate-recognition domain (crd) to recognize carbohydrates by a ca(2+)-dependent mechanism. in animals, ctls play critical roles in pathogen recognition, activation of the complement system and signaling pathways. immulectins (dual-crd ctls) in lepidopteran are involved in recognizing pathogens. however, little is known about the immune-related functions of insect single-crd ctls. here, we reported the characterization of c-type lectin-s3 (ctl-s3), a sin ...	2016	27519466
efficient 9α-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione production by engineered bacillus subtilis co-expressing mycobacterium neoaurum 3-ketosteroid 9α-hydroxylase and b. subtilis glucose 1-dehydrogenase with nadh regeneration.	3-ketosteroid 9α-hydroxylase (ksh, consisting of ksha and kshb), a key enzyme in steroid metabolism, can catalyze the transformation of 4-androstene-3,17-dione (ad) to 9α-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione (9ohad) with nadh as coenzyme. in this work, ksh from mycobacterium neoaurum jc-12 was successfully cloned and overexpressed in bacillus subtilis 168. the expression and purification of ksh was analyzed by sds-page and ksh activity assay. preliminary characterization of ksh was performed using pu ...	2016	27516945
ompa signal peptide leads to heterogenous secretion of b. subtilis chitosanase enzyme from e. coli expression system.	the production of secreted recombinant proteins from e. coli is pivotal to the biotechnological industry because it reduces the cost of downstream processing. proteins destined for secretion contain an n-terminal signal peptide that is cleaved by secretion machinery in the plasma membrane. the resulting protein is released in an active mature form. in this study, bacillus subtilis chitosanase (csn) was used as a model protein to compare the effect of two signal peptides on the secretion of heter ...	2016	27516938
fliw antagonizes csra rna binding by a noncompetitive allosteric mechanism.	csra (carbon storage regulator a) is a widely distributed bacterial rna binding protein that regulates translation initiation and mrna stability of target transcripts. in γ-proteobacteria, csra activity is competitively antagonized by one or more small rnas (srnas) containing multiple csra binding sites, but csra in bacteria outside the γ-proteobacteria is antagonized by a protein called fliw. here we show that fliw of bacillus subtilis does not bind to the same residues of csra required for rna ...	2016	27516547
efficient enzymatic preparation of (13) n-labelled amino acids: towards multipurpose synthetic systems.	nitrogen-13 can be efficiently produced in biomedical cyclotrons in different chemical forms, and its stable isotopes are present in the majority of biologically active molecules. hence, it may constitute a convenient alternative to fluorine-18 and carbon-11 for the preparation of positron-emitter-labelled radiotracers; however, its short half-life demands for the development of simple, fast, and efficient synthetic processes. herein, we report the one-pot, enzymatic and non-carrier-added synthe ...	2016	27515007
heterologous expression of antigenic peptides in bacillus subtilis biofilms.	numerous strategies have been developed for the display of heterologous proteins in the surface of live bacterial carriers, which can be used as vaccines, immune-modulators, cancer therapy or bioremediation. bacterial biofilms have emerged as an interesting approach for the expression of proteins of interest. bacillus subtilis is a well-described, endospore-forming organism that is able to form biofilms and also used as a probiotic, thus making it a suitable candidate for the display of heterolo ...	2016	27514610
yphc and ysxc gtpases assist the maturation of the central protuberance, gtpase associated region and functional core of the 50s ribosomal subunit.	yphc and ysxc are gtpases in bacillus subtilis that facilitate the assembly of the 50s ribosomal subunit, however their roles in this process are still uncharacterized. to explore their function, we used strains in which the only copy of the yphc or ysxc genes were under the control of an inducible promoter. under depletion conditions, they accumulated incomplete ribosomal subunits that we named 45syphc and 44.5sysxc particles. quantitative mass spectrometry analysis and the 5-6 å resolution cry ...	2016	27484475
bacteria-directed construction of zno/cds hollow rods and their enhanced photocatalytic activity.	zinc oxide (zno) hollow rods were fabricated by precipitation method with bacillus subtilis as template. cds nanoparticles were then decorated on the surface of the zno rods through hydrothermal method. the as-prepared samples were characterized using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscope and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy techniques. the zno/cds composite hollow rods copied the morphology of bacillus subtiis. a possible formation mec ...	2016	27483848
study of antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of the oyster mushroom pleurotus ostreatus cv. florida (agaricomycetes).	this work was undertaken to evaluate in vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of pleurotus ostreatus cv. florida. mushroom basidiocarps were extracted in water:ethanol (1:1, v/v), and the resulting extract was subjected to antimicrobial studies against escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella oxytoca, bacillus subtilis, and candida albicans. cytotoxic potential on viable human leukocytes was studied. in vitro results showed excellent antimicrobial and cyt ...	2016	27481298
combined use of bacillus subtilis strain b-001 and bactericide for the control of tomato bacterial wilt.	tomato bacterial wilt caused by ralstonia solanacearum poses a serious threat to tomato production. however, no effective control measures are available. in this study, the bactericide saisentong was combined with an effective biological control agent, bacillus subtilis b-001, to control tomato bacterial wilt under greenhouse and field conditions.	2016	27718329
lambda red recombinase-mediated integration of the high molecular weight dna into the escherichia coli chromosome.	escherichia coli k-12 is a frequently used host for a number of synthetic biology and biotechnology applications and chassis for the development of the minimal cell factories. novel approaches for integrating high molecular weight dna into the e. coli chromosome would therefore greatly facilitate engineering efforts in this bacterium.	2016	27716307
selective depletion of tumour suppressors deleted in colorectal cancer (dcc) and neogenin by environmental and endogenous serine proteases: linking diet and cancer.	the related tumour suppressor proteins deleted in colorectal cancer (dcc) and neogenin are absent or weakly expressed in many cancers, whereas their insertion into cells suppresses oncogenic behaviour. serine proteases influence the initiation and progression of cancers although the mechanisms are unknown.	2016	27716118
structural damage of bacillus subtilis biofilms using pulsed laser interaction with gold thin films.	there is a huge interest in developing strategies to effectively eliminate biofilms due to their negative impact in both industrial and clinical settings. in this study, structural damage was induced on two day-old b. subtilis biofilms using the interaction of 532 nm pulsed laser with gold thin films. radiant exposure of 225 mj/cm(2) induced distinct changes on the surface structure and overall morphology of the matured biofilms after laser irradiation. moreover, at the radiant exposure used, ch ...	2016	27714933
development of a method to determine the effectiveness of cleaning agents in removal of biofilm derived spores in milking system.	microbial damages caused by biofilm forming bacteria in the dairy industry are a fundamental threat to safety and quality of dairy products. in order to ensure the optimal level of equipment hygiene in the dairy industry, it is necessary to determine the biofilm removal efficiency of cleaning agents used for cleaning-in-place (cip) procedures. however, currently there is no standard method available for evaluating and comparing cleaning agents for use in cip procedures in the dairy industry unde ...	2016	27713737
antibacterial adhesion of polymethyl methacrylate modified by borneol acrylate.	polymethyl methacrylate (pmma) is a widely used biomaterial. but there is still a challenge facing its unwanted bacterial adhesion, because the subsequent biofilm formation usually leads to failure of related implants. herein, we present a borneol-modified pmma based on a facile and effective stereochemical strategy, generating antibacterial copolymer named as p(mma-co-ba). it was synthesized by free radical polymerization and studied with different ratio between methyl methacrylate (mma) and bo ...	2016	27712052
exploring the substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism of imidazolonepropionase (huti) from bacillus subtilis.	imidazolonepropionase (huti, ec 3.5.2.7) catalyzes the hydrolytic cleavage of carbon-nitrogen bond in 4-imidazolone-5-propionic acid (ipa) to yield l-formiminoglutamic acid, which is the third step in the universal histidine degradation pathway. in this article, using a combined quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (qm/mm) approach, the specificity and catalytic mechanism of huti from bacillus subtilis have been explored by considering the four isomers of (s)- and (r)-enantiomers of ipa ((s ...	2016	27711543
the synergistic effect of high pressure co2 and nisin on inactivation of bacillus subtilis spores in aqueous solutions.	the inactivation effects of high pressure co2 + nisin (simultaneous treatment of hpcd and nisin, hpcd + nisin), hpcd→nisin (hpcd was followed by nisin), and nisin→hpcd (nisin was followed by hpcd) treatments on bacillus subtilis spores in aqueous solutions were compared. the spores were treated by hpcd at 6.5 or 20 mpa, 84-86°c and 0-30 min, and the concentration of nisin was 0.02%. treated spores were examined for the viability, the permeability of inner membrane (im) using flow cytometry metho ...	2016	27708639