Publications

detection of chlamydial bodies and antigens in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis.	to examine a possible relationship between chlamydia pneumoniae infection and multiple sclerosis (ms), we undertook an immunohistochemical (ihc), molecular, and ultrastructural comparison of central nervous system (cns) tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) sediment from patients with ms and control individuals with other neurological diseases (onds). in 7 of 20 ms cases, ihc staining was seen in association with ependymal surfaces and periventricular regions of formalin-fixed brain tissue, by us ...	2005	16136465
the role of chlamydia pneumoniae in multiple sclerosis: real or fictitious?		2005	16136478
total hip arthroplasty infection with chlamydia pneumoniae and mycobacterium chelonae.		2005	16138477
in vivo treatment of acute chlamydia pneumoniae infection with the flavonoids quercetin and luteolin and an alkyl gallate, octyl gallate, in a mouse model.	increasing evidence suggests that plant polyphenolic compounds may protect from cardiovascular diseases, which have been addressed to their antioxidative properties. in addition, these compounds have been shown to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial potential. in the present study we tested the effects of two flavonoid compounds, quercetin and luteolin, and one alkyl gallate, octyl gallate, on the course of acute chlamydia pneumoniae infection in vivo. c57bl/6j mice were treated with qu ...	2005	16139801
the role of atypical bacteria in chronic rhinosinusitis.	this study examines the presence of atypical bacteria in chronic rhinosinusitis (crs) by utilizing the polymerase chain reaction (pcr).	2005	16143191
chlamydophila pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae in respiratory specimens of children with chronic lung diseases.	persistent infection with mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydophila pneumoniae has been implicated in the progression or induction of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. evidence for this hypothesis has been obtained in adults either by serological methods or by direct pathogen detection using invasive procedures.	2005	16143584
depletion of resident chlamydia pneumoniae through leukoreduction by filtration of blood for transfusion.	current studies indicate that a significant percentage of healthy blood donors carry chlamydia pneumoniae in their blood. although the clinical significance of such findings is unknown, eradication of such bacteria from blood components may contribute to transfusion safety. deletion of c. pneumoniae in red blood cell (rbc) units was accomplished through leukoreduction by filtration. the presence of bacteria in rbc units before and after leukoreduction was assessed by real-time pcr using primers ...	2005	16145110
associations between dimensions of job stress and biomarkers of inflammation and infection.	the objective of this study was to examine associations between dimensions of job stress and indicators of chronic inflammation and infection.	2005	16155472
early detection and successful therapy of fulminant chlamydia pneumoniae myocarditis.	we report a case involving a young female patient with chlamydia pneumoniae myocarditis who required assist device therapy for acute heart failure. early diagnosis was provided by endomyocardial biopsy, and tailored antibiotic therapy facilitated quick recovery of myocardial function. this is the first case to report detecting c pneumoniae as the pathogen responsible for fulminant myocarditis while the patient was still alive and to report long-term follow-up data.	2005	16156318
self-limiting pneumonia due to chlamydia pneumoniae.	a case of self-limiting pneumonia due to chlamydia pneumoniae is described. a 39-year-old male visited our hospital complaining of a persistent cough. no antibiotics were administered to this patient because of the absence of fever and a mild positive inflammatory response, but an infiltrate on a chest radiograph improved. finally, a diagnosis of c. pneumoniae pneumonia was made by seroconversion of the c. pneumoniae-specific antibody and detection of the c. pneumoniae gene in bronchoalveolar la ...	2005	16157990
chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia and mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: comparison of clinical findings and ct findings.	the objective of this study was to identify the clinical and pulmonary ct findings associated with chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia and to compare them with those of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. the clinical features and ct scans of 40 patients with c. pneumoniae pneumonia and 42 patients with m. pneumoniae pneumonia were retrospectively reviewed. there were no significant differences between the two etiologic agents with regard to clinical signs. chest ct findings in patients with c. pneumoni ...	2005	16163032
[etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults].	in an ideal clinical setting, empiric antimicrobial treatment prescribed in adult community acquired pneumonia (cap) should be based on national etiological surveillance and in vitro susceptibility assays. available information about etiology in ambulatory patients and intensive care unit (icu) patients is scarce, compared to information obtained in hospitalized patients. in studies designed to explore the etiology of pneumonia, no microorganism is detected in 40-50% of patients, a fact that rep ...	2005	16163415
[microbiologic diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia in adults].	microbiological analysis allows us to identify the etiology of pneumonia and its in vitro susceptibility pattern. antibiotic treatment directed against a known pathogen enables us to narrow antibacterial spectrum of action, and to reduce costs, drug adverse effects risk and antibiotic resistance. however it is unnecessary to perform extended microbiological studies in all patients with community acquired pneumonia (cap). etiological studies must be based in pneumonia severity, epidemiological ri ...	2005	16163417
[severe community-acquired pneumonia in adults].	patients with severe community acquired pneumonia (cap) need continuous surveillance and monitoring at intensive care units (icu), where they can receive specialized support as mechanical ventilation and/or hemodynamic support. patients that require icu admittance represent 10 to 30% of all patients interned because a pneumonia. in this category, high complication rate, prolonged hospital stay and high mortality rate are the rule. the american thoracic society (ats) criteria for severe pneumonia ...	2005	16163419
[national consensus for management of community acquired pneumonia in adults].	community acquired pneumonia (cap) is an acute respiratory infection that affects pulmonary parenchyma, and is caused by community acquired microorganisms. in chile, pneumonia represents the main cause of death due to infectious diseases and is the third specific cause of mortality in adults. in 1999, an experts committee in representation of "sociedad chilena de enfermedades respiratorias", presented the first national guidelines for the treatment of adult community acquired pneumonia, mainly b ...	2005	16163422
sudden psychotic episode probably due to meningoencephalitis and chlamydia pneumoniae acute infection.	since 9% to 20% of all cases of acute psychosis presenting to an emergency department (ed) are due to a general medical condition, cautious medical workup should be mandatory in such patients. differential diagnosis must consider conditions as diverse as renal failure or cns infection. acute chlamydia pneumoniae infection usually causes a self-limited respiratory syndrome. rarely, acute neurological complications occur, with acute meningoencephalitis most frequently reported. diagnosis requires ...	2005	16164756
serotonin and melatonin, neurohormones for homeostasis, as novel inhibitors of infections by the intracellular parasite chlamydia.	chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria, causing a variety of diseases, i.e. pneumonia, sexually transmitted disease, conjunctivitis and zoonosis. tryptophan depletion by interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) is the most important host defence system against chlamydial infection. thus chlamydial tryptophan metabolism is thought to play key roles for ifn-gamma resistance, persistent infection and host/tissue tropisms. we tested tryptophan derivatives for activity against chlamydia-infected cells.	2005	16172105
lack of pbc-specific antimitochondrial antibodies in patients with chlamydia pneumoniae infection.		2005	16174090
mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in atherosclerosis.	in recent years, the results of some studies have revealed the possible potential role of several infectious agents in the inflammatory mechanism of atherosclerosis. the detection of specific antibodies against microorganisms such as and as well as chlamydia pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus as well as antibodies directed to heat shock proteins in the sera of atherosclerotic patients and the presence of genomic material in atheromatous plaques all provide evidence supporting the presumptive role of ...	2005	16418767
[detection of chlamydia pneumoniae in human aortic tissue: kdta gene amplification and in vitro hybridization].	atherosclerosis is the main cause of coronary and cerebrovascular disease which, in turn, are the most common causes of mortality and morbidity in the western world. recent publications suggest that infective microorganisms may play an important role in the genesis and progression of atherosclerosis. according to seroepidemiological and direct detection reports, chlamydia pneumoniae is the most plausible candidate. nevertheless, the mechanisms by which the microorganism induces its pathological ...	2005	16433177
role of inflammation and infection in vascular disease.	relationship of infection, inflammation, and atherosclerosis has been a subject of intensive investigation in recent years. potential mechanisms whereby chronic infections may play a role in atherogenesis are myriad. chlamydia pneumoniae (cp) infection in early life may accelerate atherosclerosis, leading to cardiovascular complications. other infections, simultaneously occurring with cp, may result in a synergistic effect to promote atherosclerosis. chronic helicobacter pylori infection is know ...	2005	16438065
seroepidemiological studies of chlamydia pneumoniae infections in 1-36 months old children with respiratory tract infections and other diseases in poland.	presence of specific igm, igg and iga antibodies against chlamydia pneumoniae was evaluated in children aged 1 week to 36 months to investigate the role of c. pneumoniae in respiratory infections and other diseases. serum samples were obtained from 150 hospitalized children, including 123 children presenting the clinical symptoms of various respiratory tract infections, two children with acute diarrhoea, two children with meningitis, 14 children with urinary tract infection, and 9 children with ...	2005	16450837
[the role of intracellular bacteria in etiology of lower airways infection--therapeutic implications].	intracellular, non capsulated atypical bacteria (chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila) colonise lower airways very often. atypical bacteria cause acute infection and exacerbation of chronic inflammation of bronchial tree, mainly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). they may trigger bronchial asthma and induce asthma exacerbation. these pathogens are often isolated in sputum of patients suffering from asthma and copd in stable clinical stage, but opinion ab ...	2005	16498794
community respiratory viruses as a cause of lower respiratory tract infections following suppressive chemotherapy in cancer patients.	community respiratory viruses are an important cause of respiratory disease in the immunocompromised patients with cancer. to evaluate the occurrence and clinical significance of respiratory virus infections in hospitalized cancer patients at national cancer institute, cairo university, during anticancer treatment, we studied cases that developed episodes of lower respiratory tract infections (lrti).	2005	16508683
chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies and markers of inflammation in patients with cardiovascular diseases.	chlamydia pneumoniae is suggested to be associated with cardiovascular diseases.	2005	16541617
behcet's syndrome.	behcet's syndrome is a systemic illness of unknown etiology characterized by necrotising vasculitis originally described in turkey. typical manifestations include urogenital ulcerations, eye inflammation and migratory thrombophlebitis. an unusual course of this disease is described. a 56 year-old man was admitted to the hospital with fever, milk-glass opacities on chest x-ray, mucosal defects on the tongue and penis, hematuria and proteinuria with functional disorder of kidney. chlamydia pneumon ...	2005	16642662
bronchial asthma and chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies in children aged 4-8 years in olomouc district.	although several studies have demonstrated an association between infection with chlamydia pneumoniae and asthma, these were mainly limited to exacerbation of symptoms in adults with known asthma	2005	16601774
60-kda heat shock protein of chlamydia pneumoniae is a target of t-cell immune response.	inflammatory processes contribute to the pathogenesis and complications of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease (chd). several findings indicate that chlamydial heat shock proteins (hsp) may represent a particularly strong antigenic stimulus, able to induce specific humoral (ab) and t-cell-mediated immune responses (cmi) linking infection by chlamydia pneumoniae (cp) to immuno-pathological sequelae such as atherosclerosis and chd. we have here evaluated the ability of chlamydial recombinan ...	2005	16602628
[respiratory infection caused by chlamydia pneumoniae].	chlamydia pneumoniae is a pathogen usually associated with respiratory pathology. it has been estimated that this agent causes 5 to 15% of all pneumonias but its incidence among hospitalised children with respiratory infections is unknown.	2005	16611535
chlamydia pneumoniae arthritis in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency.	arthritis is an important and sometimes life-threatening complication in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (cvid).	2005	15875533
discordant detection of chlamydia pneumoniae in patients with carotid artery disease using polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence microscopy and serological methods.	to determine the presence of chlamydia pneumoniae in carotid plaque and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) using a combination of serology, direct antigen detection by immunofluorescence (if) microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and to compare the results obtained from each assay.	2005	15875737
role of atypical bacteria and azithromycin therapy for children with recurrent respiratory tract infections.	the aim of this study of 352 patients, 1-14 years of age, with acute respiratory infections and a history of recurrent respiratory tract infections (rrtis), and 208 healthy subjects was to evaluate whether mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae played a role in causing acute respiratory episodes among children with rrtis and whether specific antibiotic treatment for these bacteria could improve the acute episodes and reduce recurrences.	2005	15876944
chlamydia pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae in young children from china with community-acquired pneumonia.	eighty-five cases community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in children 5 years or younger, confirmed by chest x-ray, and 185 age-matched control patients with diarrhea or dermatitis from the outpatient department at beijing children's hospital were enrolled into this study. nasopharyngeal swab specimens were obtained from all subjects. real-time pcr-based fluorescence assays were performed for chlamydia pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae. a nested pcr was also run for c. pneumoniae for comparison of ...	2005	15878436
recombinant human alphaa-crystallin can protect the enzymatic activity of cpudg against thermal inactivation.	alpha-crystallin is one of the major protein components in mammalian lens fiber cells. it is composed of alphaa and alphab subunits that have structural homology to the family of mammalian small heat shock proteins. horwitz firstly characterized native alpha-crystallin as a molecular chaperone in vitro based on its ability to prevent heat-induced aggregation of lens proteins and enzymes. andley et al. cloned and expressed human alphaa-crystallin in escherichia coli and confirmed its chaperone ac ...	2005	15878551
association of uterine and salpingeal fibrosis with chlamydial hsp60 and hsp10 antigen-specific antibodies in chlamydia-infected koalas.	infection by chlamydia pneumoniae or chlamydia pecorum commonly causes chronic, fibrotic disease of the urogenital tracts of female koalas. studies of humans have associated titers of serum immunoglobulin g (igg) against chlamydial hsp60 and hsp10 antigens with chronic infection, salpingeal fibrosis, and tubal infertility. to determine whether a similar relationship exists in chlamydia-infected koalas, samples were collected opportunistically from 34 wild female koalas and examined by gross path ...	2005	15879024
prevalence and persistence of chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies in healthy laboratory personnel in finland.	the rates of chlamydia pneumoniae seroconversions suggesting acute primary infections or reinfections and the prevalences of antibodies were followed up among healthy laboratory workers. annual serum samples were collected from 47 persons in helsinki from 1958 to 1990 and from 40 persons in oulu from 1994 to 1999. c. pneumoniae species-specific immunoglobulin g (igg), iga, and igm antibodies were measured by microimmunofluorescence (mif) in 407 sera from helsinki. the 185 sera collected in oulu ...	2005	15879028
human 60-kda heat shock protein is a target autoantigen of t cells derived from atherosclerotic plaques.	epidemiological studies suggest the potential importance of an inflammatory component in atherosclerosis and support the hypothesis that immune responses to ags of pathogens cross-react with homologous host proteins due to molecular mimicry. protein candidates involved may be the stress-induced proteins known as heat shock proteins (hsp). in this study, we report that atherosclerotic plaques harbor in vivo-activated cd4(+) t cells that recognize the human 60-kda hsp. such in vivo-activated 60-kd ...	2005	15879154
effects of fluoroquinolones on the migration of human phagocytes through chlamydia pneumoniae-infected and tumor necrosis factor alpha-stimulated endothelial cells.		2005	15879798
cytokine response of lymphocytes persistently infected with chlamydia pneumoniae.	chlamydia pneumoniae infection of lymphocytes in blood has been documented, and it is apparent that control of this pathogen in lymphocytes as well as immune functions of the infected lymphocytes may be critical in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases associated with infection by this bacterium. since immune function of lymphocytes infected with c. pneumoniae has not been well studied, the cytokine response of lymphocytes infected with this pathogen was analyzed using an in vitro inf ...	2005	15883875
comparative cell signalling activity of ultrapure recombinant chaperonin 60 proteins from prokaryotes and eukaryotes.	heat-shock protein (hsp)60/chaperonin 60 is a potent immunogen which has recently been claimed to have cell-signalling actions upon myeloid and vascular endothelial cells. the literature is controversial with different chaperonin 60 proteins producing different patterns of cellular activation and the ever-present criticism that activity is the result of bacterial contaminants. to clarify the situation we have cloned, expressed and purified to homogeneity the chaperonin 60 proteins from chlamydia ...	2005	15885129
steady-state serum and intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tigecycline.	the steady-state serum and intrapulmonary pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of tigecycline were determined after intravenous administration in 30 subjects. tigecycline was administered as a 100mg loading dose followed by six 50mg doses given every 12h and was measured using hplc/mass spectrometry. ratios of tigecycline maximum serum concentration and area under the serum concentration-time curve to 90%-minimum inhibitory concentrations (c(max)/mic(90); auc/mic(90)), and percentage t ...	2005	15885987
secretion of cpn0796 from chlamydia pneumoniae into the host cell cytoplasm by an autotransporter mechanism.	by comparison of proteome profiles of purified chlamydia pneumoniae and whole lysates of c. pneumoniae infected hep-2 cells, an n-terminal fragment of the previously uncharacterized chlamydial protein cpn0796 was identified as a secreted protein. a 38 kda cleavage product of cpn0796 was present in infected cells, whereas only the 65 kda full-length cpn0796 could be detected in purified chlamydia. confocal immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that cpn0796 was localized in the chlamydia memb ...	2005	15888085
management of nonsevere pneumonia in military trainees with the urinary antigen test for streptococcus pneumoniae: an innovative approach to targeted therapy.	the drug of choice for treatment of streptococcus pneumoniae infection is generally a penicillin (including amoxicillin). targeted therapy is, however, rarely used, because results of definitive diagnostic tests for pneumonia are not available for several days. thus, broad-spectrum antibiotics are used for empirical treatment of pneumonia to cover both typical and atypical pathogens. our purpose was to assess the usefulness of a strategy of targeted antimicrobial therapy based on the results of ...	2005	15889358
telithromycin: a ketolide antibiotic for treatment of respiratory tract infections.	telithromycin, a recently approved ketolide antibiotic derived from 14-membered macrolides, is active against erythromycin-resistant pneumococci. telithromycin has enhanced activity in vitro because it binds not only to domain v of ribosomal rna (like macrolides do) but also to domain ii. however, it is not active against streptococci and staphylococci with constitutive macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin b resistance. telithromycin, available in an oral formulation, is approved by the us ...	2005	15889365
identification of chlamydia pneumoniae in intracranial and extracranial arteries in patients with stroke and in controls: combined immunohistochemical and polymerase chain reaction analyses.	an association of the obligatory intracellular gram-negative pathogen chlamydia pneumoniae with coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and atherosclerosis was suggested. the presence of c pneumoniae was determined in different arteries (n = 165) from 23 control cases and 10 patients with stroke including coronary arteries, carotid arteries, basilar artery, and middle cerebral arteries of normal controls and patients with stroke using nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and immunohist ...	2005	15892001
[chlamydial pathogenesis: diagnostic and therapeutic consequences].	chlamydiae are among the most common of the human pathogens. clinical persistence is a key concept in chlamydial pathogenesis. the damaging disease sequelae such as sterility caused by chlamydia trachomatis and coronary artery disease associated with chlamydia pneumoniae, are caused by inflammation-based pathology. although chlamydiacidal antibiotics may kill the bacteria, chlamydial antigens may persist for prolonged period and there is evidence that these non-cultivable forms may lead to conti ...	2005	15893234
[chlamydiae infections: diagnostic procedures].	the objective of this review is to critically describe the diagnostic procedures for chlamydiae infections. direct identification in culture remains fastidious and lacks sensitivity. antigen detection techniques include direct immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies and immunohistochemistry. until recently, serologic testing was commonly used for the diagnosis, but sensitivity was low for acute infections. the situation has been greatly improved by the advent of molecular techniques allow ...	2005	15893237
[antibiotherapy in children with atypical bacterial infections].	atypical bacteria responsible for infections in children are mainly mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae and legionella pneumophila. atypical pneumonia is a frequent disease in children. until recently, the outcome was thought to be rather benign and antibiotherapy to have only a minor impact on the prognosis. recent studies have demonstrated that m. pneumoniae and c. pneumoniae were involved in a variety of infections, including acute upper airway disease, otitis and pharyngitis under fi ...	2005	15893238
low prevalence of antibodies against heat shock protein 10 of chlamydophila pneumoniae in patients with coronary heart disease.	in this study the prevalence of antibodies against the heat shock protein 10 (hsp10) of chamydophila pneumoniae (cp) (as assessed by elisa) in patients with coronary heart disease (chd) and seropositive or seronegative to cp, as assessed by microimmunofluorescence (mif), was investigated. the controls were age- and sex-matched healthy subjects. the hsp10 preparation used throughout this study was a 6-his-tagged recombinant protein preliminarily shown to be immunogenic in mice. low level igg reac ...	2005	15893396
stent implantation, but not pathogen burden, is associated with plasma c-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with stable angina pectoris.	the systemic inflammatory response to percutaneous coronary intervention (pci) is associated with recurrent cardiac events; however, the pathophysiology of this inflammatory response is not well understood. the present study was performed to investigate the role of pathogen burden of infection in determining the magnitude of c-reactive protein (crp) and interleukin 6 (il-6) response to pci.	2005	15894971
[chlamydia: diagnostic and treatment].	chlamydia are obligate intracellular bacteria. three species are considered human pathogens. chlamydophila pneumoniae is one of the most common agents of atypical community-acquired pneumonia. chlamydophila psittaci causes psittacosis, a severe zoonotic pneumonia transmitted by birds. finally, chlamydia trachomatis is the etiologic agent of trachoma and urogenital infections. the latter are commonly asymptomatic or paucisymptomatic. thus, they may remain undiagnosed for years, leading to serious ...	2005	15895932
[previous infection with chlamydia pneumoniae and long-term prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndrome with non-st segment elevation].	contradictory data exists from case-control studies and in patients with stable coronary artery disease on the association of prior exposure to chlamydia pneumoniae and cardiovascular events. we underwent a prospective study to investigate the prognostic value of c. pneumoniae seropositivity in patients with acute coronary syndromes.	2005	15899161
association between angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease and seropositivity for helicobacter pylori and chlamydia pneumoniae infection.		2005	15900388
exposure to chlamydia pneumoniae infection and progression of age-related macular degeneration.	recent studies have found an association between exposure to chlamydia pneumoniae infection and risk of age-related macular degeneration (amd). to assess a potential risk of amd progression posed by exposure to c. pneumoniae, the authors reexamined australian residents in 2001-2002 who were aged 51-89 years with early amd at baseline (1992-1995). examination included macular photography and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine antibody titers to the elementary bodies from c. pneumon ...	2005	15901621
ectasia and severe atherosclerosis: relationships with chlamydia pneumoniae, helicobacterpylori, and inflammatory markers.	to date, there has been no convincing evidence for an association between chlamydia pneumoniae or helicobacter pylori and ectasia. in this case-control study, we have investigated the association of h. pylori and c. pneumoniae seropositivity with ectasia, severe coronary atherosclerosis, and normal vessels, which were so classified by coronary angiography. we have also evaluated the influence of these infections on inflammatory markers such as high-sensitive c-reactive protein (hscrp) and interl ...	2005	15902817
association of hla-drb3*0202 and serum igg antibodies to chlamydia pneumoniae with essential hypertension in a highly homogeneous population from majorca (balearic islands, spain).	separate studies investigating the relationship of essential hypertension (eh) with the hla system and with chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) infection have given conflicting results. our aim was to clarify these relationships and determine whether the hla system and c. pneumoniae infection interact with respect to the risk for eh. an association study (110 essential hypertensives and 107 controls) was conducted in a highly homogeneous population in the balearic island of majorca (spain). mol ...	2005	15905891
prevalence and clinical features of chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia at srinagarind hospital, khon kaen, thailand.	between october 2000 and december 2002, a prospective study was conducted among hospitalized community acquired pneumonia (cap) patients admitted to srinagarind hospital, khon kaen, thailand. the diagnosis of chlamydia pneumoniae infection was based on serologic testing. the prevalence of c. pneumoniae among patients hospitalized with cap was 8.7%; 24 cases of 276 hospitalized cap patients. the mean age was 42.7 (range, 17-79) years and the male to female ratio was 1:2.4. more than half (54.2%) ...	2005	15906659
etiologies and treatment outcomes in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) at srinagarind hospital, khon kaen, thailand.	local epidemiological data on the etiologies of in-patients who are hospitalized with cap is needed to develop guidelines for clinical practice. this study was conducted to determine the pattern of microorganisms causing community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in adult patients admitted to srinagarind hospital, khon kaen, thailand, between january 2001 and december 2002. altogether, 254 patients (124 males, 130 females) averaging 56.4 (sd 19.8) years were included. eighty-six of them (33.8%) presente ...	2005	15906660
identification of chlamydia pneumoniae within human choroidal neovascular membranes secondary to age-related macular degeneration.	age-related macular degeneration (amd) is a leading cause of blindness in the united states, and increasing evidence suggests that it is an inflammatory disease. the prokaryotic obligate intracellular pathogen chlamydia pneumoniae is emerging as a novel risk factor in cardiovascular disease, and recent sero-epidemiological data suggest that c. pneumoniae infection is also associated with amd. in this study, we examined choroidal neovascular membrane (cnv) tissue from patients with neovascular am ...	2005	15909160
periodontitis in cardiology--a clinical perspective.	the association between ischemic cardiovascular disease and infectious disease is very dubious, and evidence points in several directions. chronic periodontitis has been proposed as a potential risk factor based on many studies. a review of these studies demonstrates that the majority of them are retrospective epidemiological studies and therefore of little value in determining a possible association. new data seems to indicate an association between atherosclerosis and alveolar bone loss, thus ...	2005	15912924
a directed screen for chlamydial proteins secreted by a type iii mechanism identifies a translocated protein and numerous other new candidates.	chlamydiae are strict intracellular parasites that induce their internalization upon contact with the host cell and grow inside an intracellular compartment called an inclusion. they possess a type iii secretion (tts) apparatus, which allows for the translocation of specific proteins in the host cell cytosol. in particular, chlamydial proteins of the inc family are secreted to the inclusion membrane by a tts mechanism; other tts substrates are mostly unknown. using a secretion assay based on the ...	2005	15916612
a population based seroepidemiological survey of chlamydia pneumoniae infections in schoolchildren.	a serosurvey was carried out in schoolchildren from a northeastern area of italy to define the burden of chlamydia pneumoniae infection.	2005	15917413
effects of antibiotic therapy on outcomes of patients with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.	although chlamydia pneumoniae infection has been associated with the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis, results of clinical trials investigating antichlamydial antibiotics as adjuncts to standard therapy in patients with coronary artery disease (cad) have been inconsistent.	2005	15928286
[relationship between infection burden and atherosclerosis and plaque feature].	to evaluate the relationship between infection burden and coronary atherosclerosis and the plaque feature.	2005	15932655
[infection with chlamydia pneumoniae increases oxidative stress and accelerates the development of atherosclerosis in c57bl/6j mice].	to evaluate the effects of chlamydia pneumoniae infection on oxidative stress and the development of atherosclerosis in c57bl/6j mice.	2005	15932691
chlamydophila pneumoniae induces expression of toll-like receptor 4 and release of tnf-alpha and mip-2 via an nf-kappab pathway in rat type ii pneumocytes.	the role of alveolar type ii cells in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity is unclear. toll-like receptors (tlrs) have been implicated in host defense. the purpose of the present study was to investigate whether chlamydophila pneumoniae (i) alters the expression of tlr2 and/ortlr4 in type ii cells in a (ii) rho-gtpase- and (iii) nf-kappab-dependent pathway, subsequently (iv) leading to the production of (iv) pro-inflammatory tnf-alpha and mip-2.	2005	15935092
pilot study to examine the effect of antibiotic therapy on mri outcomes in rrms.	this trial examined the safety and possible mri and clinical effects of anti-chlamydial antibiotic therapy in relapsing-remitting ms (rrms). newly diagnosed ms patients were selected to participate if they showed chlamydia pneumoniae gene in their csf and had one or more enhancing lesions on brain magnetic resonance imaging (mri). after a 4-month run in phase of monthly mri, patients were randomized to receive rifampin (300 mg twice daily) and azithromycin (500 mg every other day) for 6 months o ...	2005	15935383
systemic markers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and age-related maculopathy.	to examine the association of systemic markers of inflammatory disease and endothelial dysfunction with age-related maculopathy (arm).	2005	15939388
resveratrol and curcumin reduce the respiratory burst of chlamydia-primed thp-1 cells.	the intracellular bacterium chlamydia pneumoniae is involved in the inflammation process of atherosclerosis. we previously demonstrated that c. pneumonia infected monocytes (thp-1 cells) responded to stimulation by an increased respiratory burst linked to an increased nadph oxidase (nox) activity. we now tested agents acting on the assembly of the nox subunits or on protein kinase c, a trigger of nox activity. apocynin, resveratrol, rutin, quercetin, curcumin, and tocopherols were tested. the ce ...	2005	15939398
moxifloxacin for the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.	the significant impact of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd) is now recognized. this recognition has led to increased efforts to provide evidence-based, appropriate treatment of aecopd, to minimize its negative impact. this article reviews the bacterial etiology of aecopd and clinical trials (both placebo-controlled and antibiotic comparison trials) that support the use of antibiotics for aecopd, with an emphasis on the role of newer fluoroquinolones for the tr ...	2005	15942884
development of a hamster model of chlamydophila pneumoniae infection.	the aim of this study was to develop a new experimental model of chlamydophila pneumoniae infection in the hamster. intraperitoneal injection of c. pneumoniae purified elementary bodies (ebs) in the hamsters caused a systemic infection, since it was possible to isolate viable chlamydiae from several organs up to 14 days after infection. in particular, spleen infection was detectable up to 7 days post infection in 100% of animals. in contrast, cultures of the organs obtained from intranasally inf ...	2005	15943066
telithromycin: the first ketolide for the treatment of respiratory infections.	the pharmacology, mechanisms of resistance, in vitro activity, clinical efficacy, pharmacokinetics, indications, adverse effects, dosage and administration, and place in therapy of telithromycin in the treatment of respiratory infections are reviewed.	2005	15851496
growth cycle-dependent pharmacodynamics of antichlamydial drugs.	chlamydiae are obligate intracellular pathogens that exhibit an extensive intracellular developmental cycle in vivo. clinical treatment of chlamydial infection is typically initiated upon occurrence of symptomatology and is directed against an asynchronous population of different chlamydial developmental forms. pharmacodynamics of antichlamydial drugs are predominantly characterized by mics; however, in vitro determinations of mic may not reflect differential susceptibilities of the developmenta ...	2005	15855506
lack of association between chlamydia pneumoniae serology and endothelial dysfunction of coronary arteries.	recent publications brought up the hypothesis that an infection with chlamydia pneumoniae (cp) might be a major cause of coronary artery disease (cad). therefore, we investigated whether endothelial dysfunction (ed) as a precursor of atherosclerosis might be detectable in patients with previous infection with cp but without angiographic evidence of cad.	2005	15857519
moxifloxacin in respiratory tract infections.	moxifloxacin is a fourth-generation fluoroquinolone that has been shown to be effective against respiratory pathogens, including gram-positive (streptococcus pneumoniae), gram-negative (haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis), and atypical strains (chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae), as well as multi-drug resistant s. pneumoniae, including strains resistant to penicillin, macrolides, tetracyclines, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and some fluoroquinolones. moxifloxacin is highly c ...	2005	15757424
the plasmids of chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydophila pneumoniae (n16): accurate determination of copy number and the paradoxical effect of plasmid-curing agents.	a 7.5 kbp cryptic plasmid is found in almost all isolates of chlamydia trachomatis. real-time pcr assays, using taqman chemistry, were set up to quantify accurately both the chlamydial plasmid and the single copy, chromosomal omcb gene in the infectious, elementary bodies (ebs) of c. trachomatis l1 440. plasmid copy number was also determined in the ebs of six other lymphogranuloma venereum (lgv) isolates (serovars l1-l3), ten trachoma isolates (serovars a-c) and nine urogenital isolates (serova ...	2005	15758234
helicobacter pylori infection and ischaemic heart disease: an overview of the general literature.	in the last years, a considerable number of studies have been performed on the correlation between helicobacter pylori infection and ischaemic heart disease. the reason is the supposed role of some chronic infections in the genesis and development of vessel wall injury and atheromatous plaque, as already reported for chlamydia pneumoniae and herpes viruses. while this association may be theoretically conceivable, it still remains debated from a practical point of view. epidemiological and animal ...	2005	15843077
a cd8+ t cell heptaepitope minigene vaccine induces protective immunity against chlamydia pneumoniae.	an intact t cell compartment and ifn-gamma signaling are required for protective immunity against chlamydia. in the mouse model of chlamydia pneumoniae (cpn) infection, this immunity is critically dependent on cd8(+) t cells. recently we reported that cpn-infected mice generate an mhc class i-restricted cd8(+) tc1 response against various cpn ags, and that cd8(+) ctl to multiple epitopes inhibit cpn growth in vitro. here, we engineered a dna minigene encoding seven h-2(b)-restricted cpn ctl epit ...	2005	15843575
azithromycin for the secondary prevention of coronary events.	epidemiologic, laboratory, animal, and clinical studies suggest that there is an association between chlamydia pneumoniae infection and atherogenesis. we evaluated the efficacy of one year of azithromycin treatment for the secondary prevention of coronary events.	2005	15843666
antibiotic treatment of chlamydia pneumoniae after acute coronary syndrome.	chlamydia pneumoniae has been found within atherosclerotic plaques, and elevated titers of antibody to this organism have been linked to a higher risk of coronary events. pilot studies have suggested that antibiotic treatment may reduce the risk of cardiovascular events.	2005	15843667
infection, antibiotics, and atherothrombosis--end of the road or new beginnings?		2005	15843674
tumor necrosis factor alpha plays a role in the acceleration of atherosclerosis by chlamydia pneumoniae in mice.	the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) in chlamydia pneumoniae atherogenesis was evaluated in tnf-alpha p55 receptor-deficient c57bl/6j mice fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet. no acceleration of atherosclerotic lesion development was observed in infected mice compared to uninfected mice, indicating that tnf-alpha plays a role in the acceleration of atherosclerosis by c. pneumoniae.	2005	15845526
a 6 week course of azithromycin treatment has no beneficial effect on atherosclerotic lesion development in apolipoprotein e-deficient mice chronically infected with chlamydia pneumoniae.	to evaluate whether antimicrobial chemotherapy prevents acceleration of atherosclerotic lesion development induced by infection with chlamydia pneumoniae.	2005	15845780
[antiphospholipid antibodies induced by chlamydia pneumoniae infections].		2005	15847779
lack of serum oligoclonal antibody responses to chlamydophila pneumoniae in multiple sclerosis.	chlamydophila pneumoniae has been proposed as an aetiological agent in ms via a mechanism involving molecular mimicry. we undertook to investigate whether the presence of csf oligoclonal igg ocb or oligoclonal bands correlated with serum igg raised against c. pneumoniae. paired serum and csf of 19 ms patients and 27 control patients with other neurological diseases were studied by ief and western blotting. only 1 of 19 ms patients had serum antibodies against c. pneumoniae compared with 2 of the ...	2005	15812167
polymorphonuclear neutrophils improve replication of chlamydia pneumoniae in vivo upon myd88-dependent attraction.	chlamydia pneumoniae, an obligate intracellular bacterium, causes pneumonia in humans and mice. in this study, we show that gr1+/cd45+ polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn) surprisingly increase the bacterial load of c. pneumoniae in vivo. upon intranasal infection of wild-type mice, the lung weight is increased; the cytokines tnf, il-12p40, and ifn-gamma, as well as the chemokines keratinocyte-derived chemokine, mcp-1, and mip-2 are secreted; and gr1+/cd45+ pmn are recruited into lungs 3 days pos ...	2005	15814710
high prevalence of chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies and increased high-sensitive c-reactive protein in patients with vascular dementia.	to determine the relationships between chlamydia pneumoniae infection, carotid atherosclerosis, and dyslipidemia in patients with vascular dementia (vad) and alzheimer's disease (ad).	2005	15817002
community-acquired pneumonia in children.	this review highlights recent developments in the diagnosis, etiology, therapy, and prevention of community-acquired pneumonia in children.	2005	15818183
pneumonia in the elderly (geriatric) population.	review of recent studies (2003 and 2004) concerning pneumonia in the very old.	2005	15818184
overexpression of mmp9 and tissue factor in unstable carotid plaques associated with chlamydia pneumoniae, inflammation, and apoptosis.	tissue remodeling by matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) and plasminogen activators such as tissue factor (tf) is postulated to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. the in situ expression of mmp9 and tf in unstable atherosclerotic plaques has not been examined in detail. moreover, interference of tissue remodeling by vascular inflammation, apoptosis, and chlamydia pneumoniae inside plaque subregions is unclear. a total of 40 autopsy carotid arteries (controls) and 20 atherosclerotic ...	2005	15818457
the latest from the ivd industry december 2004. chlamydia--pathogens that are still often underestimated.	chlamydiae are bacteria living as intracellular parasites. contemporary differentiation distinguishes nine species, of which three are relevant to human medicine. infections with chlamydia trachomatis are among the most widespread sexually transmitted diseases. chlamydophila pneumoniae invade the respiratory tract, chlamydophila psittaci is the pathogen of ornithosis. chlamydial infections frequently progress asymptomatically and hence remain untreated. serious chronic secondary diseases are the ...	2005	15819175
chlamydia pneumoniae and lung cancer: epidemiologic evidence.	chlamydia pneumoniae is a common cause of acute respiratory infection and has been hypothesized to cause several chronic diseases, including lung cancer. the purpose of this article is to identify, describe, and critically examine the published studies on the association between c. pneumoniae infection and risk of lung cancer. in the six studies identified, previous c. pneumoniae infection was defined on the basis of serologic criteria, which varied between studies. all studies reported elevated ...	2005	15824142
chlamydia pneumoniae infection is an unlikely cause of primary biliary cirrhosis.		2005	15826729
seroprevalence of mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae in stable asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.	mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae have been suggested to take part in the acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). several studies have questioned whether they may play pathogenic roles in connection with bronchial asthma and copd. this study was designed to evaluate the seroprevalences of m. pneumoniae and c. pneumoniae in stable asthma and copd patients, and to compare with control patients. the medical records of one hundred forty p ...	2005	15831991
inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm and chlamydia pneumoniae infection.		2005	15837101
association of helicobacter pylori infection with systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in healthy male subjects.	the goal of the present study was to determine whether seropositivity to helicobacter pylori (hp), chlamydia pneumoniae (cp), and cytomegalovirus (cmv) is associated with systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in healthy male subjects.	2005	15837252
the chlamydophila abortus genome sequence reveals an array of variable proteins that contribute to interspecies variation.	the obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen chlamydophila abortus strain s26/3 (formerly the abortion subtype of chlamydia psittaci) is an important cause of late gestation abortions in ruminants and pigs. furthermore, although relatively rare, zoonotic infection can result in acute illness and miscarriage in pregnant women. the complete genome sequence was determined and shows a high level of conservation in both sequence and overall gene content in comparison to other chlamydiaceae. the 1,14 ...	2005	15837807
age alterations in extent and severity of experimental intranasal infection with chlamydophila pneumoniae in balb/c mice.	the intracellular bacterium chlamydophila ("chlamydia") pneumoniae is a pathogen for several respiratory diseases and may be a factor in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases of aging including atherosclerosis and alzheimer's disease. we assessed whether aging is coupled with increased burden of infection in balb/c mice after intranasal infection by c. pneumoniae. six- and twenty-month-old balb/c mice were infected intranasally with 5 x 10(4) inclusion forming units (ifu) or 5 x 10(5) ifu of c. p ...	2005	15731073
production of a proteolytically active protein, chlamydial protease/proteasome-like activity factor, by five different chlamydia species.	we have previously identified a chlamydial protein, chlamydial protease/proteasome-like activity factor (cpaf), for degrading host transcription factors in cells infected with the human chlamydial species chlamydia trachomatis or chlamydia pneumoniae. we now report that functional cpaf was also produced during infection with the species chlamydia muridarum, chlamydia psittaci, and chlamydia caviae, which primarily infect nonhuman hosts.	2005	15731091
chlamydial antibodies and risk of prostate cancer.	we assessed the risk of prostate cancer by exposure to chlamydia trachomatis.	2005	15734962