Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| enhanced surveillance for serious complications of influenza in children: role of the australian paediatric surveillance unit. | influenza contributes significantly to disease burden among children aged less than five years. existing influenza surveillance systems do not provide detailed data on clinical presentation, management, vaccination status, risk factors and complications in hospitalised children, or link such data with laboratory results. following a number of child deaths due to influenza in 2007, the australian government department of health and ageing approached the australian paediatric surveillance unit (ap ... | 2008 | 18522307 |
| high titer growth of human and avian influenza viruses in an immortalized chick embryo cell line without the need for exogenous proteases. | the current method of growing influenza virus for vaccine production is through the use of embryonated chicken eggs. this manufacturing system yields a low concentration of virus per egg, requires significant downstream production for purification, and demands a considerable amount of time for production. we have demonstrated an immortalized chick embryo cell line, termed pbs-1, is capable of growing unmodified recent isolates of human and avian influenza a and b viruses to extremely high titers ... | 2008 | 18524432 |
| recombinant influenza b virus ha and na antigens administered in equivalent amounts are immunogenically equivalent and induce equivalent homotypic and broader heterovariant protection in mice than conventional and live influenza vaccines. | influenza b virus is an important cause of acute upper respiratory disease in humans. vaccination is the primary method of control of influenza related disease, yet vaccine methodology and production technology have not changed in over 40 years. in this study, we compare the efficacy of recombinant baculovirus produced protein based neuraminidase containing influenza b vaccines with conventional inactivated influenza vaccine (civ) and live-attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) in a murine model. a ... | 2008 | 18535408 |
| patterns of evolution and host gene mimicry in influenza and other rna viruses. | it is well known that the dinucleotide cpg is under-represented in the genomic dna of many vertebrates. this is commonly thought to be due to the methylation of cytosine residues in this dinucleotide and the corresponding high rate of deamination of 5-methycytosine, which lowers the frequency of this dinucleotide in dna. surprisingly, many single-stranded rna viruses that replicate in these vertebrate hosts also have a very low presence of cpg dinucleotides in their genomes. viruses are obligate ... | 2008 | 18535658 |
| upper respiratory virus detection without parent-reported illness in children is virus-specific. | viral upper respiratory tract infection (vuri) may or may not present with a cold/flu-like illness (cfli). | 2008 | 18538629 |
| influenza virus vaccination induces interleukin-12/23 receptor beta 1 (il-12/23r beta 1)-independent production of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) and humoral immunity in patients with genetic deficiencies in il-12/23r beta 1 or ifn-gamma receptor i. | to investigate whether protective immune responses can be induced in the absence of normal interleukin-12/23/gamma interferon (il-12/23/ifn-gamma) axis signaling, we vaccinated with the seasonal influenza virus subunit vaccine two patients with complete il-12/23 receptor beta1 (il-12/23r beta 1) deficiencies, two patients with partial ifn-gamma receptor i (pifn-gamma ri) deficiencies, and five healthy controls. blood samples were analyzed before, 7 days after, and 28 days after vaccination. in m ... | 2008 | 18562567 |
| protection abilities of influenza b virus dna vaccines expressing hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, or both in mice. | every year, a vaccination against influenza b virus (ibv) is essential due to an antigenic variation. development of an efficient and convenient vaccine is important for the prevention of viral infection. this study reports examination of the protective immunity in mice evoked by a single inoculation of plasmid dna expressing hemagglutinin (ha dna) or neuraminidase (na dna) of ibv. the ha dna or na dna was injected intramuscularly into balb/c mice separately or as a mixture. the injection of pla ... | 2008 | 18564897 |
| influenza virus infection and risk of acute myocardial infarction. | increasing evidences have shown that pathogens might promote atherosclerosis and trigger acute myocardial infarction (ami). but the conclusions from various studies on the correlation between previous influenza virus (iv) infection and ami were inconsistent. we conducted a case-control study to assess the association of previous iv infection and ami. questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information about demographic characteristics and heart disease risk factors. fasting blood sample wa ... | 2008 | 18568394 |
| history of influenza vaccination programs in japan. | in 1976, influenza mass vaccination among schoolchildren was started under the preventive vaccination law, which was intended to control epidemics in the community. however, in the late 1980s, questions about this policy and vaccine efficacy arose, and a campaign against vaccination began. in 1994, influenza was excluded from the target diseases list in the preventive vaccination law, without considering the immunization policy with respect to the common indications in high-risk groups. in 2001, ... | 2008 | 18573292 |
| influenza vaccine effectiveness among elderly persons living in the community during the 2003--2004 season. | to examine the effectiveness of influenza vaccine among community-dwelling elderly (65-79 years old), we conducted a population-based cohort study during the 2003--2004 influenza season. a total of 4787 elderly individuals were interviewed regarding acute febrile illness, hospital visits, hospitalization and death by telephone every month. the vaccination status and physician-diagnosed clinical influenza (hereinafter referred as clinical influenza) were determined based on data obtained from the ... | 2008 | 18573296 |
| [validity of diagnostic tests]. | 2008 | 18575669 | |
| clinical and genetic characterization of severe influenza b-associated diseases during an outbreak in taiwan. | mismatches between circulating and vaccine strains of influenza virus had been observed in taiwan. a comprehensive clinical and genetic analysis of influenza b viruses-associated important diseases was lacking. | 2008 | 18325832 |
| influenza virus and proteolytic bacteria co-infection in respiratory tract from individuals presenting respiratory manifestations. | a role for proteolytic bacteria in the exacerbation of influenza virus has been shown in natural hosts such as pigs and humans. four hundred seven samples were collected from the respiratory tract of individuals presenting clinical manifestations, during influenza season (2003-2005) in são paulo city. the aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of determined bacteria co-infecting virus in human respiratory tract. tests, such as bacteriological, immunofluorescence (if), rt/pcr and hemaggl ... | 2008 | 18327486 |
| design and optimization of a multiplex anti-influenza peptide immunoassay. | current flu vaccines are based on killed or attenuated virus vaccines that must be altered each year to include the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes from a strain of virus predicted to predominate in the coming year. a vaccine that could protect against multiple strains of influenza a and b would be a major asset in the fight against flu-related mortality and morbidity. to support development of such a vaccine, we have developed a flu multiplex assay based on a luminex platform to assess se ... | 2008 | 18329663 |
| in vitro and in vivo investigations on the antiviral activity of a series of mixed-valence rare earth borotungstate heteropoly blues. | a series of mixed-valence rare earth borotungsto-heteropoly blues, k15h2[ln(bw9w2o39)2].28h2o (ln2, ln=la, ce, pr, nd, sm, eu, gd), have been prepared and characterized by ir, uv, xps, esr and electrochemistry. the cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of these rare earth borotungstate heteropoly blues were investigated against influenza a(fluva) strain (a/h1n1/jingfang/1/91 and a/h3n2/jingfang/30/95) and influenza virus b(fluvb) (b/hufang/1/87) in mdck cells. the results show that k15h2[pr(bw9w2o ... | 2008 | 18342405 |
| different roles for two ubiquitin-like domains of isg15 in protein modification. | isg15 (interferon-stimulated gene 15) is a novel ubiquitin-like (ubl) modifier with two ubl domains in its architecture. we investigated different roles for the two ubl domains in protein modification by isg15 (isgylation) and the impact of influenza b virus ns1 protein (ns1b) on regulation of the pathway. the results show that, although the c-terminal domain is sufficient to link isg15 to ube1l and ubch8, the n-terminal domain is dispensable in the activation and transthiolation steps but requi ... | 2008 | 18356159 |
| molecular detection and typing of influenza viruses: are we ready for an influenza pandemic? | we cannot predict when an influenza pandemic will occur or which variant of the virus will cause it. little information is currently available on the ability of laboratories to detect and subtype influenza viruses including the avian influenza viruses. | 2008 | 18359662 |
| survival of influenza virus on banknotes. | successful control of a viral disease requires knowledge of the different vectors that could promote its transmission among hosts. we assessed the survival of human influenza viruses on banknotes given that billions of these notes are exchanged daily worldwide. banknotes were experimentally contaminated with representative influenza virus subtypes at various concentrations, and survival was tested after different time periods. influenza a viruses tested by cell culture survived up to 3 days when ... | 2008 | 18359825 |
| comparison of a commercial qualitative real-time rt-pcr kit with direct immunofluorescence assay (dfa) and cell culture for detection of influenza a and b in children. | institutional pandemic planning prompted a study of the molecular detection of influenza virus from respiratory specimens in children, compared to conventional diagnostics. | 2008 | 18374630 |
| protective effect of nasal immunization of influenza virus hemagglutinin with recombinant cholera toxin b subunit as a mucosal adjuvant in mice. | to develop an efficient nasal influenza vaccine, influenza a and b virus ha with rctb as a mucosal adjuvant were administered to mice intranasally. serum anti-ha igg and iga antibody responses for both ha vaccines were significantly increased in the presence of rctb. higher hi and neutralizing antibody titers and higher mucosal iga antibody responses in the respiratory tract were detected when rctb was added than without rctb. when mice were immunized with ha vaccine with or without rctb and cha ... | 2008 | 18380802 |
| influenza-associated pneumonia in a turkish area with endemic avian influenza. | the aim of the study was to describe the effects of influenza associated with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) on the outcome of patients in an area characterized by endemic avian influenza. | 2008 | 18399870 |
| identification of a human monoclonal fab with neutralizing activity against h3n2 influenza a strain from a newly constructed human fab library. | a combinatorial fab library was constructed in pcomb3h phagemid vectors, using rna from peripheral blood lymphocytes of a healthy volunteer who had recovered from an influenza a virus infection. the library contained approximately 1.3 x 10(8)e. coli transformants. bio-panning was carried out against an influenza vaccine containing components of influenza a/new caledonia/20/99 (h1n1), a/panama/2007/99 (h3n2), and b/shandong/7/97 for the enrichment of phages displaying human fab specific to the vi ... | 2008 | 18402598 |
| influenza in canada: 2006-2007 season. | 2008 | 18404807 | |
| influenza vaccine dosages. | 2008 | 18407384 | |
| identification of the pore-lining residues of the bm2 ion channel protein of influenza b virus. | the influenza b virus bm2 proton-selective ion channel is essential for virus uncoating, a process that occurs in the acidic environment of the endosome. the bm2 channel causes acidification of the interior of the virus particle, which results in dissociation of the viral membrane protein from the ribonucleo-protein core. the bm2 protein is similar to the a/m2 protein ion channel of influenza a virus (a/m2) in that it contains an hxxxw motif. unlike the a/m2 protein, the bm2 protein is not inhib ... | 2008 | 18408016 |
| a model of base-call resolution on broad-spectrum pathogen detection resequencing dna microarrays. | oligonucleotide microarrays offer the potential to efficiently test for multiple organisms, an excellent feature for surveillance applications. among these, resequencing microarrays are of particular interest, as they possess additional unique capabilities to track pathogens' genetic variations and perform detailed discrimination of closely related organisms. however, this potential can only be realized if the costs of developing the detection microarray are kept at a manageable level. selection ... | 2008 | 18413341 |
| interim within-season estimate of the effectiveness of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine--marshfield, wisconsin, 2007-08 influenza season. | during clinical trials, the efficacy of vaccination with inactivated influenza vaccines for the prevention of serologically confirmed influenza infection has been estimated as high as 70%-90% among healthier adults. however, the effectiveness of annual influenza vaccination typically is lower during those influenza seasons when a suboptimal match between the vaccine strains and circulating influenza strains is observed. for example, in a 4-year randomized study of influenza vaccine among healthy ... | 2008 | 18418344 |
| update: influenza activity--united states, september 30, 2007-april 5, 2008, and composition of the 2008-09 influenza vaccine. | this report summarizes u.s. influenza activity since september 30, 2007, the start of the 2007-08 influenza season, and updates the previous summary. low levels of influenza activity were reported from october through early december. activity increased from mid-december and peaked in mid-february. | 2008 | 18418347 |
| lung transplant patients' t cell responses to influenza vaccine viruses between seasons. | we hypothesized that t cell responses to influenza viruses by lung transplant and healthy individuals would be similar. twelve lung transplant patients and 12 healthy individuals received influenza vaccines during two seasons. lymphocytes were isolated for the trans-vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity assay from blood samples following immunization. t cell responses to all three inactivated influenza antigens from each were similar between the groups. however, the response to the a/new caledonia ... | 2008 | 18420314 |
| development of a high-throughput alamar blue assay for the determination of influenza virus infectious dose, serum antivirus neutralization titer and virus ca/ts phenotype. | flumist is an intranasal influenza live vaccine containing two influenza a strains (currently h1n1 and h3n2) and one b strain (yamagata or victoria lineage). characterization of the vaccine requires determination of the median tissue culture infectious dose (tcid(50)) titer, serum antivirus neutralization titer and vaccine cold adapted/temperature sensitive (ca/ts) phenotype. visual cytopathic effect (cpe) readings are used widely in viral assays, but these are subjective and labor intensive. in ... | 2008 | 18423899 |
| the course of fever following influenza virus infection in children treated with oseltamivir. | although the effectiveness of oseltamivir against influenza virus infection is well known, there has been no report analyzing the detailed time course of fever following the drug treatment in children. oseltamivir was prescribed for 4 days to every child with a positive result for rapid immunological test for influenza virus during 2002--2003, 2003--2004, and 2004--2005 epidemics. only those who were 1-12 years of age and prescribed oseltamivir within 24 hr after the onset of fever were included ... | 2008 | 18428131 |
| improved antibody responses in infants less than 1 year old using intradermal influenza vaccination. | antibody response to influenza vaccine is limited in early. infants have poorer hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody responses than 12-month-old. intradermal administration reportedly elicited immune responses similar to or better than a standard intramuscular dose. we hypothesized that intradermal injection could achieve a better response in infants than subcutaneous injection. | 2008 | 18436353 |
| safety and immunogenicity of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine in infants. | trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (tiv) is not licensed for use in infants <6 months old, the group with the highest influenza hospitalization rates among children. | 2008 | 18444800 |
| correlation of cellular immune responses with protection against culture-confirmed influenza virus in young children. | the highly sensitive gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (elispot) assay permits the investigation of the role of cell-mediated immunity (cmi) in the protection of young children against influenza. preliminary studies of young children confirmed that the ifn-gamma elispot assay was a more sensitive measure of influenza memory immune responses than serum antibody and that among seronegative children aged 6 to <36 months, an intranasal dose of 10(7) fluorescent focus unit ... | 2008 | 18448618 |
| rapid cloning of high-affinity human monoclonal antibodies against influenza virus. | pre-existing neutralizing antibody provides the first line of defence against pathogens in general. for influenza virus, annual vaccinations are given to maintain protective levels of antibody against the currently circulating strains. here we report that after booster vaccination there was a rapid and robust influenza-specific igg+ antibody-secreting plasma cell (asc) response that peaked at approximately day 7 and accounted for up to 6% of peripheral blood b cells. these ascs could be distingu ... | 2008 | 18449194 |
| [interaction of influenza a and b viruses with a carbon-containing sorbent]. | the investigation demonstrated that influenza a and b viruses actively interacted with a sorbent obtained from modified oxygen-containing graphite via hydrothermal treatment irrespective of the antigenic structure of surface proteins. virionic sorption occurred in a wide range of temperatures from 8 to 34 degrees c for 15 min or more. after interaction with the sorbent, the titer of a virus decreased 4- to 256-fold. the immobilized viruses were able to interact with homologous antibodies and imm ... | 2008 | 18450109 |
| limited compatibility between the rna polymerase components of influenza virus type a and b. | reassortants between type a and b influenza viruses have not been detected in nature, although both viruses co-circulate in human populations. one explanation for this may be functional incompatibility of rna transcription and replication between type a and b viruses. to test this possibility, we constructed type a/b mosaic polymerase machinery, containing pb2, pb1, pa and nucleoprotein from each of the two virus types, and assessed their polymerase activities with a type a promoter in a reporte ... | 2008 | 18455827 |
| anti-influenza virus activity of chaenomeles sinensis. | this investigation evaluated anti-influenza virus activity of 50% ethanol extract of the fruit of chaenomeles sinensis k(oehne), which is widely used as a traditional chinese medicine to treat throat diseases. | 2008 | 18456441 |
| a prospective, comparative study of the immune response to inactivated influenza vaccine in pediatric liver transplant recipients and their healthy siblings. | annual influenza vaccination is routinely recommended for pediatric solid organ transplant recipients. however, there are limited data defining the immune response to the inactivated vaccine in this population. | 2008 | 18230041 |
| time lines of infection and disease in human influenza: a review of volunteer challenge studies. | the dynamics of viral shedding and symptoms following influenza virus infection are key factors when considering epidemic control measures. the authors reviewed published studies describing the course of influenza virus infection in placebo-treated and untreated volunteers challenged with wild-type influenza virus. a total of 56 different studies with 1,280 healthy participants were considered. viral shedding increased sharply between 0.5 and 1 day after challenge and consistently peaked on day ... | 2008 | 18230677 |
| do viruses cause inner ear disturbances? | the association of viral infection to inner ear disease is controversial. experiments on animals show that several viruses are capable of causing hearing loss, if applied into the perilymph. some of these have specific affinity to the cellular type of the inner ear, as sensory epithelia and cochlear nerve. some viruses as adenoviruses and coxsackie virus b have specific car receptors that are identified in different cell types, whereas other act by attaching onto nonspecific cellular surface rec ... | 2008 | 18235204 |
| influenza-associated morbidity in children with cancer. | the clinical impact of influenza in children undergoing therapy for cancer is not well-described in the literature. | 2008 | 18240170 |
| synthesis of potent pyrrolidine influenza neuraminidase inhibitors. | the synthesis of several pyrrolidine inhibitor analogs is described that possess nanomolar in vitro potencies against the neuraminidase enzymes expressed by the b/memphis/3/89 and a/n1/pr/8/34 influenza strains. | 2008 | 18242993 |
| the role of respiratory viruses in cystic fibrosis. | previous studies have suggested a role played by respiratory viruses in the exacerbation of cystic fibrosis (cf). however, the impact of respiratory viruses could have been underestimated because of the low detection rate by conventional laboratory methods. | 2008 | 18255355 |
| genetic and epidemiological analysis of influenza virus epidemics in taiwan during 2003 to 2006. | the genetic characterization of taiwanese influenza a and b viruses on the basis of analyses of pairwise amino acid variations, genetic clustering, and phylogenetics was performed. a total of 548, 2,123, and 1,336 sequences of the ha1 genes of influenza a virus subtypes h1 and h3 and influenza b virus, respectively, collected during 2003 to 2006 from an island-wide surveillance network were determined. influenza a virus h3 showed activity during all periods, although it was dominant only in the ... | 2008 | 18256223 |
| respifinder: a new multiparameter test to differentially identify fifteen respiratory viruses. | broad-spectrum analysis for pathogens in patients with respiratory tract infections is becoming more relevant as the number of potential infectious agents is still increasing. here we describe the new multiparameter respifinder assay, which is based on the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (mlpa) technology. this assay detects 15 respiratory viruses in one reaction. the mlpa reaction is preceded by a preamplification step which ensures the detection of both rna and dna viruses wit ... | 2008 | 18256230 |
| crystal structure of unliganded influenza b virus hemagglutinin. | here we report the crystal structure of hemagglutinin (ha) from influenza b/hong kong/8/73 (b/hk) virus determined to 2.8 a. at a sequence identity of approximately 25% to influenza a virus has, b/hk ha shares a similar overall structure and domain organization. more than two dozen amino acid substitutions on influenza b virus has have been identified to cause antigenicity alteration in site-specific mutants, monoclonal antibody escape mutants, or field isolates. mapping these substitutions on t ... | 2008 | 18184701 |
| [clinical characteristics and management of children hospitalized for influenza in four epidemic seasons (2002-2006)]. | influenza is frequent during childhood, affecting approximately 30-40 % of children. | 2008 | 18194624 |
| synthesis and bioactivity of novel methyl 6-deoxy-6-(n'-alkyl/aryl-n''-benzothiazol-2-yl)guanidino-alpha-d-glucopyranosides. | a series of new methyl 6-deoxy-6-[n'-alkyl/aryl-n''-(benzothiazol-2-yl)]guanidino-alpha-d-glucopyranosides were obtained from the reaction of an alkyl/aryl amine in the presence of hgcl2 and sugar-thiourea derivatives, followed by the removal of protecting groups. the sugar-thiourea derivatives were obtained from the treatment of 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives with methyl 2,3,4-tri-o-acetyl-6-deoxy-6-isothiocyanato-alpha-d-glucopyranoside in dry pyridine. some of the synthesized guanidines dis ... | 2008 | 18194802 |
| detection of antigenic variants of the influenza b virus by melting curve analysis with lcgreen. | automated, high-throughput detection methods for single-nucleotide polymorphisms have been applied to the routine genotyping of genetic polymorphisms influencing drug metabolism. melting curve analysis with lcgreen was introduced recently as one such technique which can be performed rapidly and easily. this technique was used to detect antigenic variants of the influenza b virus. the antigenic variants and vaccine-type strains of the influenza b virus are isolated from clinical specimens of one ... | 2008 | 18201770 |
| development and characterization of a live attenuated influenza b virus vaccine candidate. | a human influenza b/lee/40 virus was cold-adapted by serial passages in embryonated chicken eggs, at progressively lower temperatures, for possible use as a future influenza b vaccine donor strain. temperature sensitive and cold-adapted phenotypes were achieved as a consequence of the adaptation process. it was determined that the virus was attenuated in mice since the replication of the viral genome was significantly reduced in the lung. despite decreased viral replication, the attenuated infec ... | 2008 | 18207290 |
| premorbid factors and outcome associated with respiratory virus infections in a pediatric intensive care unit. | the purpose of this study was to report the clinical features and outcome of all children with a laboratory proven diagnosis of respiratory virus infection admitted to a university pediatric intensive care unit (picu). | 2008 | 18219695 |
| combination adjuvants for the induction of potent, long-lasting antibody and t-cell responses to influenza vaccine in mice. | influenza is controlled by protective titres of neutralizing antibodies, induced with the help of cd4 t-cells, and by antiviral t-cell effector function. adjuvants are essential for the efficient vaccination of a naïve population against avian influenza. we evaluated a range of adjuvants for their ability to enhance, in naïve mice, protective hemagglutination inhibition (hi) titres, which represent the generally accepted correlate of protection, virus-neutralizing titres and t-cell responses to ... | 2008 | 18162266 |
| human respiratory syncytial virus and other viral infections in infants receiving palivizumab. | palivizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that prevents severe human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) infections. | 2008 | 18164233 |
| active influenza surveillance at the local level: a model for local health agencies. | laboratory-supported, community-based local surveillance systems for influenza can act as early warning systems in identifying the initial entry points of different influenza strains into the community. unfortunately, local health departments often have limited resources to implement this type of surveillance. we developed and evaluated an active, local influenza surveillance system in 3 metropolitan denver, colo, counties that enabled timely case ascertainment and strain identification at littl ... | 2008 | 18172149 |
| a case of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus after influenza b infection. | a 64-years-old man referred to a hospital because of high-grade fever. he was diagnosed as having influenza b by "poctem influenza a/b", a rapid influenza diagnostic kit which detect some antigens of influenza virus. six days after medication of oseltamivir phosphate, his flu-symptoms disappeared, but he complained sever thirsty. and after 2days, he suffered from loss of consciousness and was admitted to the hospital. laboratory data on admission showed diabetes ketoacidosis, slight elevation of ... | 2008 | 18177974 |
| a multiplex real-time rt-pcr for detection and identification of influenza virus types a and b and subtypes h5 and n1. | a multiplex real-time rt-pcr method for the simultaneous detection of influenza virus types a and b and identification of subtypes h5 and n1 in a single tube is described. the method was developed with four sets of primers and probes which were specific to influenza virus (sub)types a, b, h5, and n1, and evaluated by using a total of 40 influenza virus reference strains, including 17 avian influenza a (12 h5n1, 1 h1n1, 1 h3n2, 1 h4n6, 1 h7n3, and 1 h9n2), 18 human influenza a (11 h3n2, 6 h1n1 an ... | 2008 | 18078675 |
| stabilizing the glycosylation pattern of influenza b hemagglutinin following adaptation to growth in eggs. | the currently circulating influenza b viruses from both antigenic lineages contain an n-linked glycosylation site in the hemagglutinin (ha) protein at positions of 196 or 197. however, egg adaptation caused the loss of the glycosylation site that could impact virus antigenicity and vaccine efficacy. the effect of the 196/197 glycosylation site on influenza b virus growth and antigenicity was systemically evaluated in this study by the molecular approach. paired recombinant 6:2 reassortant influe ... | 2008 | 18079027 |
| the oligomeric state of the active bm2 ion channel protein of influenza b virus. | influenza a virus and influenza b virus particles both contain small integral membrane proteins (a/m2 and bm2, respectively) that function as a ph-sensitive proton channel and are essential for virus replication. the mechanism of action of the m2 channels is a subject of scientific interest particularly as a/m2 channel was shown to be a target for the action of the antiviral drug amantadine. unfortunately, an inhibitor of the bm2 channel activity is not known. thus, knowledge of the structural a ... | 2008 | 18073201 |
| genetic analysis and evaluation of the reassortment of influenza b viruses isolated in taiwan during the 2004-2005 and 2006-2007 epidemics. | influenza b viruses were predominant in taiwan during the 2004-2005 epidemic and both victoria and yamagata lineage viruses co-circulated. a reassortant influenza b virus that contained a victoria lineage hemagglutinin (ha) gene and yamagata lineage neuraminidase (na) gene appeared first in 2002 and became predominant during the 2004-2005 epidemic. during the 2006-2007 epidemic, an influenza b outbreak occurred in taiwan and only victoria lineage viruses circulated. we characterized the viruses ... | 2008 | 17996973 |
| genetic and antigenic analysis of epidemic influenza viruses isolated during 2006-2007 season in taiwan. | influenza viruses are some of the most active pathogens in taiwan. the monitoring influenza activity has been coordinated by the centers for diseases control, taiwan, and the surveillance is based on integrated clinical and virological surveillance components. data from sentinel physician networks and other sources, mainly hospitals were collected. during 2006-07 season, a total of 1724 cases of laboratory-confirmed influenza were reported by collaborating laboratories and sentinels, which was f ... | 2008 | 18098164 |
| rapid assays for the diagnosis of influenza a and b viruses in patients evaluated at a large tertiary care children's hospital during two consecutive winter seasons. | the rapid and accurate diagnosis of influenza facilitates antiviral therapy, judicious antibiotic usage, and cohorting patients to decrease nosocomial infection. | 2008 | 18083627 |
| preparation of armored rna as a control for multiplex real-time reverse transcription-pcr detection of influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. | the common respiratory viruses, including influenza a, influenza b, and newly emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) viruses, may cause similar clinical symptoms. therefore, differential diagnosis of these virus pathogens is frequently required for single clinical samples. in addition, there is an urgent need for noninfectious and stable rna standards and controls for multivirus detection. in this study, reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) targeting of the rnas of influenza a and influ ... | 2008 | 18160451 |
| influenza vaccination is efficacious and safe in renal transplant recipients. | whether influenza vaccination in solid-organ transplant recipients is efficacious remains a controversial issue. furthermore, theoretical concerns have been raised regarding the safety of vaccination as it might trigger rejection of the allograft. the present prospective trial is aimed at investigating the antibody response and safety of influenza vaccination in renal transplant recipients (rtr). a total of 165 rtr and 41 healthy volunteers were vaccinated with a standard trivalent inactivated i ... | 2008 | 18162092 |
| the contents of the syringe. | 2008 | 18615063 | |
| surveillance for neuraminidase inhibitor resistance among human influenza a and b viruses circulating worldwide from 2004 to 2008. | the surveillance of seasonal influenza virus susceptibility to neuraminidase (na) inhibitors was conducted using an na inhibition assay. the 50% inhibitory concentration values (ic(50)s) of 4,570 viruses collected globally from october 2004 to march 2008 were determined. based on mean ic(50)s, a(h3n2) viruses (0.44 nm) were more sensitive to oseltamivir than a(h1n1) viruses (0.91 nm). the opposite trend was observed with zanamivir: 1.06 nm for a(h1n1) and 2.54 nm for a(h3n2). influenza b viruses ... | 2008 | 18625765 |
| cell-based influenza vaccines: progress to date. | human vaccines against influenza have been available for almost 60 years and, until recently, were prepared almost entirely from viruses grown in the allantoic cavity of 9- to 11-day-old embryonated chicken eggs. manufacture involving eggs is not sufficiently flexible to allow vaccine supplies to be rapidly expanded, especially in the face of an impending pandemic. other problems may arise from the infections of progenitor flocks that adversely affect egg supplies, and from the manufacturing pro ... | 2008 | 18627206 |
| influenza virus in human exhaled breath: an observational study. | recent studies suggest that humans exhale fine particles during tidal breathing but little is known of their composition, particularly during infection. | 2008 | 18628983 |
| influenza. | 2008 | 18637267 | |
| real-time pcr compared to binax now and cytospin-immunofluorescence for detection of influenza in hospitalized patients. | rapid tests have had a significant impact on influenza diagnosis, but more accurate tests are needed for hospitalized patients who test negative by rapid methods. | 2008 | 18639488 |
| simultaneous detection of different respiratory virus by a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction combined with flow-through reverse dot blotting assay. | cell culture and immunofluorescence (if) assays have been traditionally used for the laboratory diagnosis of respiratory viral infections, but these assays have a low sensitivity and are time consuming. we developed a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction combined with flow-through reverse dot blotting (mrt-pcr-ft-rdb) assay for the simultaneous detection of influenza virus type a including h5 subtype and h9 subtype, influenza virus type b, parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3, ... | 2008 | 18639996 |
| structure-activity relationship of flavonoids as influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors and their in vitro anti-viral activities. | flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that widely exist in plant kingdom, and the structure-activity relationship (sar) of 25 flavonoids was studied on neuraminidase (na) activity of influenza virus. three typical influenza virus strains a/pr/8/34 (h1n1), a/jinan/15/90 (h3n2), and b/jiangshu/10/2003 were used as the source of nas, the average of ic(50)s of these compounds on these nas was used in the sar analysis. the order of potency for na inhibition was as follows: aurones>flavon(ol)es>isofla ... | 2008 | 18640042 |
| estimating the impact of childhood influenza vaccination programmes in england and wales. | there is increasing interest in routine vaccination of children against influenza. we use an age-structured model to demonstrate that the long-term incidence of influenza a could decrease by 11-21% in the overall population by vaccinating individuals aged 6 to <24 months, and by 22-38% and 65-97% through targeting those aged 6 to <60 months and 6 months to 16 years, respectively. the corresponding reductions predicted for influenza b were 25-35%, 44-69% and 85-96%, respectively. these results ar ... | 2008 | 18647634 |
| detection of influenza virus types a and b and type a subtypes (h1, h3, and h5) by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | infections with influenza virus type a and b present serious public health problems on a global scale. however, only influenza a virus has been reported to cause fatal pandemic in many species. to provide suitable clinical management and prevent further virus transmission, efficient and effective clinical diagnosis is essential. therefore, we developed multiplex pcr assays for detecting influenza types a and b and the subtypes of influenza a virus (h1, h3 and h5). upon performing multiplex pcr a ... | 2008 | 18648185 |
| epidemiologic characteristics and seasonal distribution of human metapneumovirus infections in five epidemic seasons in stockholm, sweden, 2002-2006. | the presence of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) was analyzed retrospectively by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) in five epidemic seasons, in stockholm, 2002-2006. the occurrence of hmpv was compared with five common respiratory viruses; respiratory syncytial virus, influenza a virus, influenza b virus, parainfluenza virus and adenovirus. with a detection rate of 2.9% (n = 143/4,989) in nasopharyngeal samples over the whole period, hmpv was the fourth most common respiratory ... | 2008 | 18649344 |
| detection of 11 common viral and bacterial pathogens causing community-acquired pneumonia or sepsis in asymptomatic patients by using a multiplex reverse transcription-pcr assay with manual (enzyme hybridization) or automated (electronic microarray) detection. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) and sepsis are important causes of morbidity and mortality. we describe the development of two molecular assays for the detection of 11 common viral and bacterial agents of cap and sepsis: influenza virus a, influenza virus b, respiratory syncytial virus a (rsv a), rsv b, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila, legionella micdadei, bordetella pertussis, staphylococcus aureus, and streptococcus pneumoniae. further, we report the ... | 2008 | 18650351 |
| design of a sialylglycopolymer with a chitosan backbone having efficient inhibitory activity against influenza virus infection. | we verified here the inhibitory activity of a sialylglycopolymer prepared from natural products, chitosan and hen egg yolk, against influenza virus infection and estimated the requirements of the molecule for efficient inhibition. the inhibitory activity clearly depended on two factors, the length (the degree of polymerization: dp) of the chitosan backbone and the amount (the degree of substitution: ds) of conjugated sialyloligosaccharide side chain. the inhibitory efficiency increased in accord ... | 2008 | 18651726 |
| influenza guideline for south africa--update 2008. | objective: the south african thoracic society, in conjunction with interested stakeholders, published a guideline for influenza management in adults in 1999. this year the south african thoracic society (sats) identified the need to revise that guideline for the following reasons: * to indicate the viral strains that are to be incorporated into the vaccine for the 2008 season * to add important new data regarding treatment of influenza * to add a section on influenza in children * to clarify iss ... | 2008 | 18652399 |
| mortality benefits of influenza vaccination in elderly people. | 2008 | 18652989 | |
| mortality benefits of influenza vaccination in elderly people. | 2008 | 18652990 | |
| mortality benefits of influenza vaccination in elderly people. | 2008 | 18652991 | |
| influenza viruses circulating in thailand in 2004 and 2005. | determining the local circulating strain of influenza is essential to prevent and control epidemics. in the years 2004 and 2005, the national influenza center of thailand received 3,854 and 3,834 specimens, respectively, from patients throughout the country, including submissions from 4 established influenza surveillance sentinel sites. in 2004, of 539 influenza-positive specimens, 461 were positive for influenza a and 78 were positive for influenza b by isolation. influenza a subtyping revealed ... | 2008 | 18653981 |
| human metapneumovirus in lung transplant recipients and comparison to respiratory syncytial virus. | human metapneumovirus is a newly described virus isolated in 2001 from children with acute respiratory viral infection. it has subsequently been reported globally, although there are limited data in lung transplant recipients. | 2008 | 18658110 |
| shedding and immunogenicity of live attenuated influenza vaccine virus in subjects 5-49 years of age. | live attenuated influenza vaccine (laiv) is indicated for influenza prevention in persons 2-49 years of age. this study describes the incidence and duration of vaccine virus shedding and serum immune responses after receipt of laiv. | 2008 | 18662737 |
| modifying clinical practices to manage influenza in children effectively. | children less than 5 years of age are at increased risk of morbidity from influenza infection compared with older children and adults aged 18-54 years. although much of the disease burden can be prevented by annual vaccination, the misperception that influenza does not result in serious illness in children, including schoolchildren, contributes to ongoing low vaccination rates. in conjunction with community surveillance of influenza activity, rapid diagnostic tests can help identify influenza pa ... | 2008 | 18664986 |
| mixed treatment comparison with multiple outcomes reported inconsistently across trials: evaluation of antivirals for treatment of influenza a and b. | we present a mixed treatment meta-analysis of antivirals for treatment of influenza, where some trials report summary measures on at least one of the two outcomes: time to alleviation of fever and time to alleviation of symptoms. the synthesis is further complicated by the variety of summary measures reported: mean time, median time and proportion symptom free at the end of follow-up. we compare several models using the deviance information criteria and the contribution of different evidence sou ... | 2008 | 18680174 |
| prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip), 2008. | this report updates the 2007 recommendations by cdc's advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) regarding the use of influenza vaccine and antiviral agents (cdc. prevention and control of influenza: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices [acip]. mmwr 2007;56[no. rr-6]). the 2008 recommendations include new and updated information. principal updates and changes include 1) a new recommendation that annual vaccination be administered to all children aged 5--18 ... | 2008 | 18685555 |
| respiratory viruses in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infections, mazandaran province, iran. | we conducted this study to determine the contribution of respiratory viruses in 202 hospitalized children (1 mo-5 yr) with clinical evidence of acute lower respiratory tract illness (alri). nasopharyngeal specimens were assayed for viruses detection by indirect immunoflourescent method. viral agents were identified from 109 (54%) cases (9 cases had dual infection). the most commonly detected virus was parainfluenza virus 3 in 32 (15.8%) cases followed by respiratory syncytial virus 26 (12.9%) pa ... | 2008 | 18695281 |
| live, attenuated influenza virus (laiv) vehicles are strong inducers of immunity toward influenza b virus. | historically, vaccines developed toward influenza viruses of the b type using methodologies developed for influenza a viruses as a blueprint have not been equally efficacious or effective. because most influenza research and public attention concerns influenza a viruses, these shortcomings have not been adequately addressed. in this manuscript, we utilized different influenza vaccine vehicles to compare immunogenicity and protection in mice and ferrets after vaccination against an influenza b vi ... | 2008 | 18708106 |
| acute respiratory infection and influenza-like illness viral etiologies in brazilian adults. | influenza-like illness (ili) definitions have been used worldwide for influenza surveillance. these different case definitions can vary with regard to sensitivity and predictive values for laboratory confirmed influenza. the literature has indicated the inclusion of other viruses may be the cause of these variable results. the objective of the study was to evaluate ili national sentinel criteria and viral etiologies in adults diagnosed with acute respiratory infection (ari) and/or ili from 2001 ... | 2008 | 18712837 |
| influenza vaccination coverage in patients with cystic fibrosis followed at 12 care centers in the greater south region of france for the season 2005/2006. | the objective of this observational study was to estimate influenza vaccination coverage for the 2005/2006 season in cystic fibrosis (cf) patients consulting at or hospitalized in 12 cf care centers. data from 518 cf patients >6 months of age (children: 64.9%) were analyzed: 79.9% were vaccinated. the vaccination coverage was 85.6% in children, 69.4% in adults and 44.4% in transplanted patients. general practitioners vaccinated 67.9% of the patients. "lack of time" reason was reported by 24.7% n ... | 2008 | 18721838 |
| [epidemic strains influenza viruses a and b in the 2005-2006 season in russia]. | investigations indicated that the epidemic upsurge of influenza morbidity in the 2005-2006 season in russia was caused by the active circulation of influenza viruses a and b. the center for ecology and epidemiology of influenza, d. i. ivanovsky institute of virology, russian academy of medical sciences, studied 182 epidemic strains. a hundred and thirteen influenza viruses a(h3n2) were similar to the reference a/california/07/2004 or were its antigenic variants. thirteen influenza virus a(h1n1) ... | 2008 | 18756810 |
| dry cotton or flocked respiratory swabs as a simple collection technique for the molecular detection of respiratory viruses using real-time nasba. | this paper describes the molecular detection of influenza a, influenza b, respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus using real-time nucleic acid sequence based amplification (nasba) from respiratory samples collected on simple dry cotton swabs, non-invasively and in the absence of transport medium. viral rna was detectable on dry cotton and flocked swabs for at least 2 weeks at room temperature and was readily extracted using magnetic silica extraction methods. dry cotton respiratory ... | 2008 | 18761378 |
| epidemiological and virological assessment of influenza activity in europe, during the 2006-2007 winter. | influenza surveillance in europe is based on influenza surveillance networks that cooperate and share information through the european influenza surveillance scheme (eiss). eiss collected clinical and virological data on influenza in 33 countries during the 2006-2007 winter. influenza activity started around 1 january and first occurred in greece, scotland and spain. it then moved gradually across europe from south to north and lasted until the end of march. in 29 out of 33 countries, the consul ... | 2008 | 18761888 |
| [new respiratory viruses in children 2 months to 3 years old with recurrent wheeze]. | respiratory viruses are associated with respiratory exacerbations, more frequently respiratory syncytial virus in infants and rhinovirus in children. | 2008 | 18766276 |
| annual report of the national influenza surveillance scheme, 2007. | the year 2007 saw the most severe influenza season since national reporting of influenza began in 2001. early in the season the national incident room was activated to provide effective national surveillance, reporting and management of the 2007 seasonal influenza outbreak. a surveillance team were tasked with establishing enhanced surveillance for the 2007 season and investigating unusual events in this outbreak. key data required to comprehensively describe the number of cases, morbidity, mort ... | 2008 | 18767420 |
| influenza b virus ns1-truncated mutants: live-attenuated vaccine approach. | type b influenza viruses can cause substantial morbidity and mortality in the population, and vaccination remains by far the best means of protection against infections with these viruses. here, we report the construction of mutant influenza b viruses for potential use as improved live-virus vaccine candidates. employing reverse genetics, we altered the ns1 gene, which encodes a type i interferon (ifn) antagonist. the resulting ns1 mutant viruses induced ifn and, as a consequence, were found to ... | 2008 | 18768976 |
| [hospitalization due to influenza in children in santiago, chile, 2001-2005]. | influenza cause high hospitalization rates and complications in children. | 2008 | 18769772 |
| [molecular analyses of human influenza viruses. circulation of new variants since 1995/96]. | the evolution of influenza viruses is increasingly pursued by molecular analyses that complement classical methods. the analyses focus on the two surface proteins hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) which determine the viral antigenic profile. influenza a(h3n2) viruses are exceptionally variable, so that usually at least two virus variants cocirculate at the same time. together with influenza b viruses they caused approximately 90% of influenza virus infections in germany during the last 1 ... | 2008 | 18773168 |
| decreased leukocytes and other characteristics of laboratory findings of influenza virus infections in children. | an outbreak of influenza a and influenza b appeared at the beginning and end of 2006 in southern taiwan. we conducted this study to test whether laboratory findings could differentiate influenza a from influenza b infection. | 2008 | 18787735 |