Publications

first evidence of natural vertical transmission of yellow fever virus in aedes aegypti, its epidemic vector.	entomological investigations were conducted in 1995 in senegal, following a yellow fever (yf) outbreak. a total of 1125 mosquitoes collected in the field, including males, females and 12-48 h old newly emerged adults reared from wild-caught larvae, were tested for yf virus. among the 22 species captured, aedes aegypti was the most common. 'wild' vectors of yf were also captured, including a. furcifer, a. metallicus and a. luteocephalus. in all, 28 yf virus isolations were made: 19 from a. aegypt ...	1997	9463659
evolution of repellent tolerances in representative arthropods.	eight commercial insect repellents were tested against ornithodoros parkeri (acari: argasidae), dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae), aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae), and xenopsylla cheopis (siphonaptera: pulicidae). patterns of tolerance to the test materials were distinctive for each test species. levels of tolerance were coded as character state 0 (sensitive), 1 (intermediate), or 2 (tolerant) and mapped on a cladogram reflecting the accepted classification of the test species. charact ...	1997	9474558
performance of ulv formulations (pesguard 102/vectobac 12as) against three mosquito species.	adulticidal and larvicidal performances of a water-based pyrethroid microemulsion pesguard ps 102 (ai d-allethrin and d-phenothrin, both at 5.0% w/w) and vectobac 12as, an aqua-suspension bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (b.t.i.) formulation (ai 1,200 itu/mg) were assessed against mosquitoes aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, and culex quinquefasciatus using a leco ulv fog generator model 1600 and a scorpion 20 ulv airblast sprayer. laboratory-cultured mosquito adults and larvae were used for ef ...	1997	9474567
the mossie-buster: a hose-driven insecticide delivery tool for the control of container-breeding mosquitoes.	a novel insecticide delivery tool, the mossie-buster, was recently developed to control larval populations from urban breeding sites in townsville, australia. this functional and user-friendly control device directly targets the main breeding sites of aedes aegypti (l.) with a focused delivery of insecticides. the mossie-buster comprises a commercially available device and attachments that mix an insecticide solution into the flow of water emitted from a hose. attached to the device is a trigger ...	1997	9474568
a novel insecticidal serotype of clostridium bifermentans.	a novel clostridium bifermentans strain toxic to mosquito larvae on ingestion was isolated from a soil sample collected from secondary forest floor. this strain was designated as serovar paraiba (c. b. paraiba) according to its specific h antigen. clostridium bifermentans paraiba is most toxic to anopheles maculatus theobald larvae (lc50 = 0.038 mg/liter), whereas toxicity to aedes aegypti (linn.) (lc50 = 0.74 mg/liter) and culex quinquefasciatus say (lc50 = 0.11 mg/liter) larvae was 20 and 3 ti ...	1997	9474569
differential accumulation and tissue distribution of mosquito hexamerins during metamorphosis.	the pupal hexamerins were characterized for two mosquitoes representative of the culicine and anopheline families, aedes aegypti and anopheles gambiae. like higher diptera, both mosquito species express two types of hexamerins, hex-1 and hex-2, whose subunits are distinguished by different levels of methionine and aromatic amino acids. in a. aegypti there are two heterohexamers, aahex-1 and aahex-2. in a. gambiae there are two homohexamers, aghex-1.1 and aghex-1.2, and one heterohexamer, aghex-2 ...	1997	9474778
global situation of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever, and its emergence in the americas.	about two-thirds of the world's population live in areas infested with dengue vectors, mainly aedes aegypti. all four dengue viruses are circulating, sometimes simultaneously, in most of these areas. it is estimated that up to 80 million persons become infected annually although marked underreporting results in the notification of much smaller figures. currently dengue is endemic in all continents except europe and epidemic dengue haemorrhagic fever (dhf) occurs in asia, the americas and some pa ...	1997	9477544
survey of cyclopids (crustacea, copepoda) in brazil and preliminary screening of their potential as dengue vector predators.	cyclopid copepods are known to be good mosquito controllers, specially as regards the larvae of the dengue vectors aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus.	1997	9515258
effect of sublethal dosages of malathion on the oral susceptibility of aedes aegypti to dengue-2 virus infection.		1997	9561626
identification of a gene for cyt1a-like hemolysin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin and expression in a crystal-negative b. thuringiensis strain.	a gene designated cyt1ab1, encoding a 27,490-da protein, was isolated from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. medellin (h30 serotype) by using an oligonucleotide probe corresponding to the cyt1aa1 gene. the sequence of the cyt1ab1 protein, as deduced from the sequence of the cyt1ab1 gene, was 86% identical to that of the cyt1aa1 protein and 32% identical to that of the cyt2aa1 protein from b. thuringiensis subsp. kyushuensis. the cyt1ab1 gene was flanked upstream by a p21 gene, in the same orientatio ...	1997	9023925
biological effects of canatoxin in different insect models: evidence for a proteolytic activation of the toxin by insect cathepsinlike enzymes.	canatoxin is a toxic protein isolated from the jackbean, canavalia ensiformis. the toxin injected intraperitoneally is lethal for mice and rats; however, it is inactive if given orally. in this study, manduca sexta (l.) (lepidoptera), schistocerca americana (drury) (orthoptera), drosophila melanogaster (l.) (diptera), aedes aegypti (l.) (diptera), rhodnius prolixus (stål) (hemiptera), and callosobruchus maculatus (f.) (coleoptera) were fed on canatoxin-containing diets. no effects were seen in m ...	1997	9145031
factors favoring houseplant container infestation with aedes aegypti larvae in marília, são paulo, brazil.	since reinvasion of são paulo state by the aedes aegypti (l.) mosquito in 1985, flower pots and vases have been important larval habitats despite educational messages focusing on their control. the objectives of this study were to characterize flower pots and vases as larval habitats with respect to the quantities present and infested, the types of plants involved, and the specific locations of the mosquito larvae; to explore local names for houseplants; and to examine factors affecting acceptan ...	1997	9149524
evaluation of caribbean strains of macrocyclops and mesocyclops (cyclopoida:cyclopidae) as biological control tools for the dengue vector aedes aegypti.	fifteen caribbean strains of copepods were assessed for their predation ability against mosquito larvae. macrocyclops albidus from nariva. mesocyclops aspericornis from oropouche, and mesocyclops longisetus from e1 socorro, trinidad, were most effective against aedes aegypti but not against culex quinquefasciatus. mesocyclops longisetus and me. aspericornis prevented any mosquito survival over 25 wk of observation despite weekly challenges with ae. aegypti. the copepods were tolerant to dosages ...	1997	9152870
attractant resting boxes for rapid collection and surveillance of aedes aegypti (l.) inside houses.	three different resting station designs made of cardboard covered with black cloth were evaluated for their attractiveness to aedes aegypti populations resting inside houses in thailand. box designs attracted more females (but not males) than an open-panel design. thirty to 60% of all adult ae. aegypti resting inside houses were collected by aspirating from 2-4 resting boxes placed inside houses. tall boxes (90 cm) did not attract more females or males than short boxes (45 cm). forty-two percent ...	1997	9152871
efficacy of carbon dioxide, 1-octen-3-ol, and lactic acid in modified fay-prince traps as compared to man-landing catch of aedes aegypti.	the attractants 1-octen-3-ol and lactic acid significantly decreased catches of aedes aegypti in townsville, australia, by 50% in a controlled laboratory environment and by 100% in the field when compared to carbon dioxide baited bidirectional fay-prince trap catches. evaluation of an omnidirectional alteration on a bidirectional fay-prince trap revealed no significant improvement in catch size when compared to both the bidirectional trap and man-landing catch (mlc). cumulative evening mlc (1730 ...	1997	9152877
investigation of mosquito-specific larvicidal activity of a soil isolate of bacillus thuringiensis serovar canadensis.	the lc50 value of alkali-solubilized parasporal inclusion proteins of a diptera-specific strain, belonging to bacillus thuringiensis serovar canadensis, was 2.4 microg/ml for larvae of the mosquito, aedes aegypti. a significant loss in larvicidal activity occurred when solubilized inclusion proteins were treated with a. aegypti larval gut extract, silkworm (bombyx mori) larval gut juice, and the proteinase k. approximately 90% of the larvicidal activity was destroyed upon treatment with protease ...	1997	9175558
comparisons of genetic variability and genome structure among mosquito strains selected for refractoriness to a malaria parasite.	restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) markers were used to evaluate aedes aegypti genome structure and genetic variability within and between substrains selected for different levels of refractoriness to the malaria parasite, plasmodium gallinaceum. the moyo-r substrain was previously selected for complete refractoriness and the moyo-is substrain for intermediate susceptibility from the moyo-in-dry (moyo) strain by selective inbreeding (f = 0.5). eighteen mapped rflp markers were used ...	1997	9183846
analysis of molecular forms and pharmacological properties of acetylcholinesterase in several mosquito species.	two acetylcholinesterases (ache1 and ache2) have recently been characterized in the common mosquito culex pipiens. this situation appeared to be an exception among insects, where only one acetylcholinesterase gene had previously been repeatedly reported. in the present study, acetylcholinesterase was studied in five mosquito species: aedes aegypti, anopheles gambiae, anopheles stephensi, culiseta longeareolata and culex hortensis, in order to test whether or not two different acetylcholinesteras ...	1997	9185166
failure of aedes aegypti to become infected by feeding on dengue virus-infected immuno-comprised nude mice.		1997	9199718
three novel families of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements are associated with genes of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.	three novel families of transposable elements, wukong, wujin, and wuneng, are described in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. their copy numbers range from 2,100 to 3,000 per haploid genome. there are high degrees of sequence similarity within each family, and many structural but not sequence similarities between families. the common structural characteristics include small size, no coding potential, terminal inverted repeats, potential to form a stable secondary structure, a+t richness, ...	1997	9207116
experimental transmission of nocturnally periodic wuchereria bancrofti to indian leaf monkey (presbytis entellus).	successful experimental transmission of the human lymphatic dwelling nocturnal periodic strain of wuchereria bancrofti has been achieved from man to indian leaf monkey (presbytis entellus) through a susceptible strain of aedes aegypti. the prepatent period varied between 195 and 240 days. microfilaria (mf) levels were in general low and the peak count was attained at 1800 hr. of the adult worms 5-12.5% were recovered from male langur while females revealed poor (2.54%) recovery. this host--paras ...	1997	9207745
characterization of bacillus thuringiensis isolated from infections in burn wounds.	four strains of bacillus thuringiensis were isolated from infections in burn wounds and from water used in the treatment of burn wounds. the strains produced large parasporal inclusion bodies composed of 141, 83, and 81 kda protoxins. the four strains were tested for insecticidal activity against larvae of pieris brassicae and aedes aegypti but showed no activity; vero cell assays for the production of enterotoxins were also negative. attempts to classify the strains according to flagellar h-ser ...	1997	9215586
mixed-species plasmodium infections of anopheles (diptera:culicidae)	mixed-pathogen infections of vectors rarely are considered in the epidemiological literature, although they may occur in nature. a review of published reports shows that many anopheles species are capable of carrying sporozoites of > 1 plasmodium species, of doing so simultaneously in field conditions, and of acquiring and transmitting these in experimental situations. mixed-species infections in mosquito populations occur at frequencies greater than or equal to the product of the constituent sp ...	1997	9220675
infection and transmission of plasmodium gallinaceum (eucoccida: plasmodiidae) in aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae): effect of preinfection sugar meals and postinfection blood meals.	frequency of sugar feeding and blood feeding can have an impact on the infection by and transmission of malaria parasites. data presented here indicate that frequent blood feeding has a deleterious effect on infection by malaria parasites in aedes aegypti. in addition, mosquitoes that do not blood feed, but instead feed on sugar alone after an infected blood meal, have a higher rate of parasite transmission than mosquitoes fed additional blood meals.	1997	9221737
efficacy of altosid pellets and granules against aedes aegypti in ornamental bromeliads.	the tank bromeliad billbergia pyramidalis was treated with 2 doses (0.5 and 2 g) of altosid granules or pellets for the control of aedes aegypti l. emergence inhibition (ei) for all mosquito pupae (including natural populations) in the center wells and leaf axils was > 90% for at least 6 and 12 months for both doses of granules and pellets, respectively. no significant difference in %ei was found between center wells and leaf axils.	1997	9249661
[a description of aedes aegypti colonization in the region of são josé do rio preto, são paulo].	the aim of this study is to describe the colonization by the aedes aegypti in the region. a survey carried out in 1985 detected the species in são josé do rio preto. the mosquito has spread and reached the 30 countries of the region till 1988. in the district and rural areas, the first vector focus was found out in 1987 in one of the 29 districts and rural areas, having spread to the others till 1991. the foci have been mainly identified through larval researches in locations with a great concen ...	1997	9265223
the white gene from the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.	we report the cloning and primary characterization of both cdna and genomic fragments from the white gene of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. comparisons of the conceptual translation product with white genes from four other species within the order diptera show that the ae. aegypti gene is most similar to the white gene of the mosquito vector of human malaria, anopheles gambiae (86% identity and 92% similarity). the analysis of the primary sequence of genomic dna at the 5'-end of the c ...	1997	9272447
mosquito hexamerins: characterization during larval development.	we report here the first examination of hexamerins expressed during mosquito larval development. haemolymph proteins from fourth-instar larvae of six species representing the two major subfamilies of mosquitoes were characterized by immunoblotting using antisera to calliphorin, the major hexamerin of the blowfly. calliphora vicina, or to lsp1 or lsp2, the two distinct hexamerins of drosophila melanogaster. in each mosquito species the antisera demonstrated the presence of multiple abundant hexam ...	1997	9013251
bioactive compounds from taiwania cryptomerioides.	two new sesquiterpenes, 10 alpha-hydroxyamorphan-4-en-3-one (1) and 4 alpha-methylcadinane-4 alpha-methyl-1 alpha,2 alpha,10 alpha-triol (2), together with four known compounds, sesquiterpenes 10 alpha-hydroxycadinan-4-en-3-one (3) and alpha-cadinol (4), diterpene ferruginol and lignan helioxanthin, were isolated from the whole plant of taiwania cryptomerioides under bioassay-guided fractionations. the structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated mainly by the nmr spectroscopic analyses. bioactivities ...	1997	9014350
human dirofilariasis caused by dirofilaria (nochtiella) repens in sri lanka.	human dirofilariasis due to dirofilaria (nochtiella) repens is a common zoonotic infection in sri lanka. todate 70 cases are on record, and they include 3 expatriates from russia, england and korea, who were undoubtedly infected in sri lanka. around 30-60% of dogs are infected with d. repens in various parts of the country and the mosquito vectors are aedes aegypti, armigeres subalbatus, mansonia uniformis and m. annulifera. unlike in other countries of the old world infection is most common in ...	1997	9802095
dengue: a literature review and case study of travelers from the united states, 1986-1994.	dengue fever is an acute, mosquito-transmitted viral disease characterized by fever, headache, arthralgia, myalgia, rash, nausea, and vomiting. infections are caused by any of four virus serotypes (den-1, den-2, den-3, and den-4). the incidence of dengue is increasing in most tropical areas throughout the world (fig. 1). although dengue is not endemic in the continental united states, hawaii, or alaska, more than 500 laboratory-positive cases of introduced dengue were reported from 1977 through ...	1997	9815484
dengue--a re-emerging infectious disease in singapore.	despite its well-established integrated nationwide aedes mosquito control programme which incorporates source reduction, public health education and law enforcement, singapore has not been spared from the regional resurgence of dengue. the disease incidence has been increasing from 9.3 per 100,000 in 1988 to 102.7 per 100,000 in 1996 at the time when the aedes house index (hi) has dropped to around 1% from > 25% in the 1960s. majority of the cases reported from 1990 to 1996 were dengue fever (df ...	1997	9494676
hemagglutinins in mosquitoes and their role in the immune response to brugia malayi (filarioidea:nematoda) larvae.	hemagglutinins were determined in six species of mosquitoes that are susceptible and refractory to brugia malayi (filarioidea: nematoda). high titers of hemagglutinins were found in the salivary gland extract and in the body fluid of a completely refractory species, aedes taeniorhynchus, and in partially refractory species, anopheles quadrimculatus but low levels of hemagglutinins were also present in the body fluid of aedes aegypti (black-eye, liverpool strain), a susceptible species. hemagglut ...	1997	9505436
[atypical activity rhythm in aedes aegypti in a sub-sudanian savannah zone of côte d'ivoire].	ae. aegypti is vector of many arboviruses of medical and/or economical importance. it transmits the yellow fever, dengue and chikungunya viruses. small water collections constitute its potential breeding sites. three different populations of ae. aegypti are known in africa: a selvatic population breeding in tree holes and rock holes, a population breeding in discarded containers in peri-domestic area and a third population which breeds in drinking water containers and various receptacles inside ...	1997	9507772
reduced transdermal absorption of n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide from a new topical insect repellent formulation.	extensive absorption of the topical insect repellent n, n-diethyl-m-toluamide (deet) causes systemic and local toxicities. this report describes the preparation and characterization of a new insect repellent formulation (fa), a peg-polyacrylic acid polymer system, for its deet release, in vitro skin permeation, and in vivo transdermal absorption properties; and for its relative repellency against aedes aegypti mosquitoes. deet release and skin permeation were studied in franz diffusion cells. de ...	1997	9552429
breeding habitats of aedes aegypti (l) and aedes. albopictus (skuse) in villages of barru, south sulawesi, indonesia.	the breeding habitats of the dengue vector, aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus, were studied using larval collection method inside and outside houses in 6 villages of barru, south sulawesi, indonesia from july 1994 to august 1995. aedes aegypti was the dominant species, being abundant indoors especially in the coastal areas. aedes albopictus was breeding primarily in outdoor containers in the hill and mountain areas. earthen jar was the most common breeding habitat of aedes aegypti in all villag ...	1997	9656413
[dengue in panama, 1993].	up to 1993, panama was the only country in central america where the autochthonous transmission of dengue virus had been detected without experimenting an explosive epidemic despite being reinfected with the aedes aegypti mosquito since 1985. the characteristics of this first outbreak reported on november 19, 1993, are described in this paper. it is shown that even when there is a program for the surveillance and control of dengue, which considers low levels of aedes aegypti infection and a syst ...	1997	9685969
preliminary field evaluation of the combined adulticidal, larvicidal, and wall residual activity of ulv-applied bifenthrin against mosquitoes.	the combined adulticidal, larvicidal, and wall residual activity of ulv-applied bifenthrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, was evaluated in houses in kuala lumpur, malaysia, against larvae and adults of lab-bred aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus. a portable ulv sprayer was used to disperse a ulv formulation of bifenthrin at a discharge rate of 45 ml/min. the results indicated that bifenthrin sprayed at this rate exhibited all the three activities against the test mosquitoes. complete adult morta ...	1997	9491365
transamination of 3-hydroxykynurenine to produce xanthurenic acid: a major branch pathway of tryptophan metabolism in the mosquito, aedes aegypti, during larval development.	an electrochemically active compound was detected in the larvae of aedes aegypti mosquitoes and progressive accumulation of this compound was observed during larval development. the compound was purified from mosquito larvae using various chromatographic techniques and spectral analysis of the purified compound resulted in its identification as xanthurenic acid. production of xanthurenic acid results from the transamination of 3-hydroxykynuorenine, and analysis of the biochemical pathway in xant ...	1997	9474782
an equipment for the study of behavioural responses of mosquitoes to residual application of synthetic insecticides.	excito-repellency (e-r) test box was developed to study under laboratory conditions the refractory behaviour of mosquitoes to residual application of synthetic insecticides. the observations obtained through the equipment were compared with another behavioural study of mosquitoes using standard who irritability test kit. during 16 hour exposure period there was restricted entry of mosquitoes in ddt treated chamber of e-r test box for all mosquito species tested (anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypt ...	1997	9465527
cloning of cdna for vitellogenin of the parasitoid wasp, pimpla nipponica (hymenoptera: apocrita: ichneumonidae): vitellogenin primary structure and evolutionary considerations.	the cdna for vitellogenin (vg) of the parasitoid wasp pimpla nipponica (hymenoptera: apocrita) was cloned and sequenced. the deduced amino acid sequence with 1807 residues was obtained. the n-terminal 20 amino acids chemically determined for vitellin (vn) agreed completely with the deduced 20 amino acids that follow the 16 amino acid residues for putative signal peptide. the cdna clone for the vg of the turnip sawfly athalia rosae (hymenoptera: symphyta), previously obtained and partially sequen ...	1997	9569645
transient expression of the drosophila melanogaster cinnabar gene rescues eye color in the white eye (we) strain of aedes aegypti.	the lack of eye pigment in the aedes aegypti we (white eye) colony was confirmed to be due to a mutation in the kynurenine hydroxylase gene, which catalyzes one of the steps in the metabolic synthesis of ommochrome eye pigments. partial restoration of eye color (orange to red phenotype) in pupae and adults occurred in both sexes when first or second instar larvae were reared in water containing 3-hydroxykynurenine, the metabolic product of the enzyme kynurenine hydroxylase. no eye color restorat ...	1997	9569641
laboratory evaluation of the biocontrol potential of mesocyclops thermocyclopoides (copepoda: cyclopidae) against mosquito larvae.	biocontrol potential of mesocyclops thermocyclopoides against first instar larvae of anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus was studied under laboratory conditions. it was found that m. thermocyclopoides had the highest predation efficacy against ae. aegypti followed by an. stephensi and cx. quinquefasciatus. there was a significant reduction in the predation efficacy of m. thermocyclopoides against cx. quinquefasciatus in the presence of alternate food (p < 0.01). the cag ...	1997	9656415
site-directed mutagenesis of an acetylcholinesterase gene from the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti confers insecticide insensitivity.	insecticide resistance is a serious problem facing the effective control of insect vectors of disease. insensitive acetylcholinesterase (ache) confers resistance to organophosphorus (op) and carbamate insecticides and is a widespread resistance mechanism in vector mosquitoes. although the point mutations that underlie ache insensitivity have been described from drosophila, the colorado potato beetle, and house flies, no resistance associated mutations have been documented from mosquitoes to date ...	1997	9371089
selected lines of aedes aegypti with persistently distorted sex ratios.	a breeding scheme to isolate x chromosomes sensitive to drive by the t8 (trinidad) y chromosome of aedes aegypti (the md haplotype) is reported. crosses with an australian strain th.i (thursday island) revealed not only sensitive and resistant x chromosomes but also some with the capacity to drive against the t8 y chromosome. four strains were created in which sex ratio was male-distorted (28-36 per cent female) for 10 generations, with no regression towards sexual parity. the proportion of fema ...	1997	9353868
oviposition responses of aedes aegypti and ae. atropalpus (diptera: culicidae) females to waters from conspecific and heterospecific normal larvae and from larvae infected with plagiorchis elegans (trematoda: plagiorchiidae).	ovipositing aedes aegypti (l.) females were attracted to waters in which uninfected aedes atropalpus (coquillett) larvae had been reared, but were repelled by waters from larvae of either species infected with the entomopathogenic digenean plagiorchis elegans (rudolphi). in contrast, ae. atropalpus females were attracted to or repelled by waters from conspecific uninfected and infected larvae, respectively, but did not respond to corresponding waters from ae. aegypti larvae. the sensitivity of o ...	1997	9379463
isolation and properties of drosophila melanogaster ferritin--molecular cloning of a cdna that encodes one subunit, and localization of the gene on the third chromosome.	ferritin was purified from iron-fed drosophila melanogaster extracts by centrifugation in a gradient of potassium bromide. on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the product showed two protein bands corresponding to the ferritin monomer and dimer. electrophoresis following dissociation with sds and 2-mercaptoethanol revealed three strong bands of approximately 25, 26, and 28 kda. n-terminal amino acid sequences were identical for the 25-kda and 26-kda subunits, but different for the 28-kda subun ...	1997	9266686
effect of ebastine on mosquito bites.	mosquito bites usually cause wealing and delayed bite papules. cetirizine decreases wealing, bite papules and pruritus but the effect of other antihistamines on mosquito bites is unknown. we studied the effect of ebastine in 30 mosquito bite-sensitive adult subjects. ebastine 10 mg or 20 mg and placebo were given for 4 days in a cross-over fashion. aedes aegypti bites were given on forearms. the size of the bite lesions and pruritus (visual analogue score) were measured at 15 min, 2, 6, and 24 h ...	1997	9228228
reduced transfer of male accessory gland proteins and monandry in female aedes aegypti mosquitoes.	we examined whether female aedes aegypti (l.) mosquitoes would remate after they first mated with a male that was reared on a suboptimal larval diet and that as a result, transferred reduced amounts of male accessory gland proteins. accessory gland proteins from males labeled with 3h leucine were not detected in females allowed to male mate with the labeled males after they first mated with either low diet or high diet males. the amount of the male accessory gland protein transferred by smaller, ...	1997	9221745
zebedee: a novel copia-ty1 family of transposable elements in the genome of the medically important mosquito aedes aegypti.	we have utilised pcr to directly identify a novel family of copia-ty1 retrotransposable elements (rtps) in the genome of the mosquito aedes aegypti. two members of the family have been sequenced in their entirety and their structural characteristics determined. zebedeei is 3505 bp long and appears to be flanked by 21bp direct repeat sequences. a single open reading frame (orf) of 972 amino acids has the coding potential for a polyprotein with homology corresponding to the conserved amino acid mo ...	1997	9197409
transposition of the hermes element in embryos of the vector mosquito, aedes aegypti.	using a plasmid-based transpositional recombination assay in vivo, we have demonstrated that hermes, a short inverted repeat type transposable element from musca domestica, can transpose in aedes aegypti embryos. hermes transpositions in ae. aegypti have all the characteristics observed during hermes transposition in its host m. domestica and in related species. these characteristics include an absolute dependence on the expression of the hermes transposase and a preference for the integration s ...	1997	9219363
molecular characterization of a defensin gene from the mosquito, aedes aegypti.	insect immune proteins, defensins, are inducible anti-gram-positive bacterial peptides. we report here the identification of two defensin genes from the mosquito, aedes aegypti, which encode a large 541 bp transcript (aadef ala) and a small 473 bp transcript (aadef asm). the cdna corresponding to aadef ala was cloned, sequenced, and compared with the previously reported aadef asm cdna. the aadef ala gene was isolated through genomic library screening and characterized. it putative regulatory reg ...	1997	9219362
fish landmarks for aedes aegypti chromosomes.	aedes aegypti metaphase chromosome landmarks have been developed so that each chromosome of the haploid genome can be unambiguously identified and oriented by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) and digital imaging microscopy. the fish tags were derived from three cosmids that contain repetitive ae. aegypti sequences and their unique fish tagging characteristics are demonstrated. the sequence of the three chromosomal tags revealed that the chromosome 1 tag is an 18s fragment from the ribos ...	1997	9099584
insulin-mediated secretion of ecdysteroids from mosquito ovaries and molecular cloning of the insulin receptor homologue from ovaries of bloodfed aedes aegypti.	the reproductive cycle of female mosquitoes is activated by ingestion of blood from vertebrate hosts. shortly after feeding, neurohormones are released from the brain neurosecretory system and stimulate the ovaries to secrete ecdysteroids, which are necessary for vitellogenesis by the fat body. because bombyxins, which are insulin-like peptides, stimulate ecdysteriodgenesis in silkworm larvae, we tested porcine insulin and found that it activates ecdysteroidogenesis and protein synthesis in ovar ...	1997	9099579
a single cdna encodes all three aedes leucokinins, which stimulate both fluid secretion by the malpighian tubules and hindgut contractions.	a cdna encoding preproleucokinin was isolated from a cdna library of the mosquito aedes aegypti. the deduced amino acid sequence of aedes preproleucokinin contains a putative signal peptide of 18 amino acid residues and a 210-amino acid residue proleucokinin. within the proleucokinin are encoded one copy each of the aedes leucokinins 1, 2, and 3 isolated previously from this species (veenstra, j. a. (1994) biochem. biophys. res. commun. 202, 715-719). all three aedes leucokinins depolarize the t ...	1997	9099680
inheritance of larval resistance to permethrin in aedes aegypti and association with sex ratio distortion and life history variation.	the genetic mechanisms that confer larval permethrin resistance were investigated in two strains of aedes aegypti, vectors of yellow fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. larval resistance to permethrin in an ae. aegypti field-collected resistant couva (r) strain was associated with the sex-determining locus by analysis of backcrosses to the susceptible rockefeller (s) strain. the median lethal concentrations (lc50s) of these strains were 23.1 (95% confidence interval = 22.0-24.3) and 2.2 (2.0-2.3 ...	1997	9158058
cdna cloning and pattern of expression of an adult, female-specific chymotrypsin from aedes aegypti midgut.	a cdna for a midgut chymotrypsin, induced by a blood meal, has been cloned and sequenced from the mosquito aedes aegypti. the 938 base sequence codes for a 268 amino acid protein, which contains an 18-residue signal peptide and a seven-residue activation peptide. the deduced amino acid sequence contains several features typical of chymotrypsin proteases, including the catalytic triad of serine proteases and the residues that determine the chymotrypsin substrate specificity pocket. the chymotryps ...	1997	9134710
aedes aegypti surveillance and correlation with the occurrence of dengue fever in bahia, brazil.	due to the high frequency of dengue fever cases and the presumed association of such an epidemic with an increase in the population of the mosquito vector, aedes aegypti, we examined the records of the ministry of health in the state of bahia, brazil, regarding the monitoring of domestic mosquito larvae in municipalities throughout the state. the "house index" number for larvae in domestic water reservoirs was determined for each municipality based on annual surveys from 1990 to 1994, and in 199 ...	1997	11107237
effects of two insect growth regulators on the susceptibility of aedes aegypti (diptera:culicidae) to molinema dessetae (nematoda:filarioidea).	the effects of 2 growth regulators, diflubenzuron (dfb) and oms 2017, on the ability of females aedes aegypti to become infected with molinema dessetae was studied under laboratory conditions. oms 2017 and dfb had no effect on either the amount of blood ingested or the microfilarial load. the infective potential of females that survived dfb treatment was significantly greater than untreated females, but there was no difference between oms 2017-treated and control females. the percentage of infec ...	1997	9152874
methoprene affects the rotation of the male terminalia of aedes aegypti mosquitoes.	the rotation of the male terminalia of aedes aegypti mosquitoes was investigated with chemical surgical, and mechanical methods. neither decapitation nor ventral nerve cord transection affected the postemergence rotation, but methoprene administered to 4th-instar larvae and early instar pupae slowed rotation significantly and, in the case of pupal treatment, also interfered with successful insemination. methoprene appeared to interfere with the developmental maturation of the cross muscles locat ...	1997	9152867
biochemical, molecular, and phylogenetic analysis of pyruvate carboxylase in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.	pyruvate carboxylase (pc, pyruvate: carbon dioxide ligase [adp-forming], ec 6.4.1.1) was purified from the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. the purified pc showed two polypeptides of similar m(r) (133 and 128 k). the n-terminal sequences of both polypeptides were shown to be very similar, if not identical. a polyclonal antiserum against the 133 kda polypeptide cross-reacted strongly with the 128 kda polypeptide. pc was found in all tissues examined. using a semi-quantitative western blot as ...	1997	9066123
juvenile hormone controls early trypsin gene transcription in the midgut of aedes aegypti.	early trypsin is a female-specific protease present in the aedes aegypti midgut during the first few hours after ingestion of a blood meal. the enzymatic activity of early trypsin plays an essential role in the transcriptional activation of the late trypsin gene, which encodes the major midgut endoprotease involved in blood meal protein digestion. transcription of the early trypsin gene is part of the normal post-emergence maturation of the midgut in the adult female. abdominal ligation within 1 ...	1997	9013256
identification of three allatostatins and their cdna from the mosquito aedes aegypti.	three allatostatins have been isolated from the mosquito aedes aegypti. these peptides have the following structures: ser-pro-lys-tyr-asn-phc-gly-leu-amide, leu-pro-his-tyr-asn-phe-gly-leu-amide, and arg-val-tyr-asp-phe-gly-leu-amide. a cdna encoding these peptides was isolated from an abdominal ganglia cdna library and sequenced. it was found to encode two additional allatostatins: ala-ser-ala-tyr-arg-tyr-his-phe-gly-leu-amide and leu-pro-asn-arg-tyr-asn-phe-gly-leu-amide. northern analysis of ...	1997	9357049
structure of the gypsy moth vitellogenin gene.	genomic clones containing the vitellogenin (vg) gene from the gypsy moth were isolated from two genomic libraries and characterized. the nucleotide sequence of a 16,132 bp region of the gypsy moth genome was determined which included a 3,666 bp region upstream from the transcription initiation site and 499 bp region downstream from the transcribed region. primer extension analysis was performed to identify the transcription initiation site. gene sequence confirmed the sequence of vgmrna recently ...	1997	9327584
central projections of the maxillary and antennal nerves in the mosquito aedes aegypti	in the mosquito aedes aegypti, co2-sensitive receptor neurones are located together with two other types of chemoreceptor neurones in club-shaped sensilla basiconica on the most distal segment of the maxillary palps. in order to identify the central target neuropiles of these neurones and to determine whether antennal receptor neurones project into the same area, the palpal and antennal nerves were labelled by anterograde staining with horseradish peroxidase and by experimentally induced degener ...	1997	9319784
the feasibility of eradicating aedes aegypti in the americas.		1997	9128110
lipophorin levels in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, and the effect of feeding.	high density lipophorin (hdlp) is the major lipid transport vehicle in insect hemolymph. using an indirect elisa, levels of hdlp were measured in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. the level of lipophorin, when normalized to the total weight of the insect, was similar in the different developmental stages. starvation (access to water only) of adult females did not affect the level of hdlp nor its density when compared to sugar-fed females. on the other hand, blood feeding (of normally sug ...	1997	9055439
the gecko: an environmentally friendly biological agent for mosquito control.	laboratory experiments with aedes aegypti mosquitoes investigated the effects of light, mosquito density and physiological state on predation rates by the australian gecko gehydra dubia and the exotic asian house gecko hemidactylus frenatus. for both gecko species a positive correlation was demonstrated between prey density and the predation rate. using ae.aegypti males and unfed females as prey in a terrarium (0.054 m3), consumption rates reached 76-108/day for g.dubia and 63-109/day for h.fren ...	1997	9430109
costs and benefits of mosquito refractoriness to malaria parasites: implications for genetic variability of mosquitoes and genetic control of malaria.	the problem of fitness costs associated with host resistance to parasitism is related to the evolution of parasite virulence, population genetic diversity and the dynamics of host-parasite relationships, and proposed strategies for disease control through the genetic manipulation of mosquito vectors. two aedes aegypti populations, refractory and susceptible to plasmodium gallinaceum, were previously selected from the moyo-in-dry strain (moyo) through inbreeding (f = 0.5). reproductive success an ...	1997	28565348
identification and cdna cloning of novel juvenile hormone responsive genes from fat body of the bean bug, riptortus clavatus by mrna differential display.	juvenile hormone (jh) induces termination of diapause and initiation of reproductive maturation in the adult female bean bug, riportus clavatus. applying pcr-based differential display, we have identified four novel jh-responsive cdnas, that is, three repressible (jr-1, 2 and 3) and one inducible (ji-1). these dna fragments were partially sequenced and compared with sequences in the data base. jr-3 was shown to have similarity to the transferrins of other insects, which have been reported as jh- ...	1998	9654740
mediation of deet repellency in mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) by species, age, and parity.	laboratory bioassays assessed differences in the protection time provided by the repellent deet (n,n-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) against 5-d-old nulliparous and 10-, 15-, and 20-d-old nulliparous and parous female aedes aegypti (l.), anopheles albimanus (weidemann), and anopheles quadrimaculatus say sensu lato. mean protection time was shortest against an. albimanus (1.6 h) and an. quadrimaculatus (1.5 h) and longest against ae. aegypti (6.5 h), but was not significantly influenced by mosquito ag ...	1998	9615557
dose-dependent effects of crf-like diuretic peptide on transcellular and paracellular transport pathways.	the mechanism of action of synthetic culex corticotropin-releasing factor (crf)-like diuretic peptide (ccrf-dp) was investigated in isolated, perfused malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. low concentrations of ccrf-dp (10(-10) and 10(-9) m) caused depolarizing oscillations of the lumen-positive transepithelial voltage (vt) in malpighian tubules, whereas high concentrations (10(-8) and 10(-7) m) first depolarized and then transiently hyperpolarized vt; ccrf-dp always lo ...	1998	9612320
nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence of a putative asparagine synthetase in the mosquito aedes aegypti (l.).	a cdna was cloned from a aedes aegypti head cdna library, containing the complete coding sequence for an asparagine synthetase homolog. the predicted polypeptide sequence exhibits high homology with different proteins of the 'purf' glutamine amidotransferase enzyme family. the aminoterminal region, containing cys-1 which is crucial to perform the glutaminase reaction, was highly conserved among the asparagine synthetase family. subsequent expression of the cdna yielded a 54,000 da protein corres ...	1998	9602118
the lethal effects of cyperus iria on aedes aegypti.	the sedge cyperus iria, a common weed in rice, contains large amounts of the insect hormone (10r) juvenile hormone iii (jh iii). given its widespread distribution in asia and africa, we examined the possibility that c. iria could be used as a safe, inexpensive, and readily available mosquito larvicide. plants of varying ages were harvested and leaves tested for lethal effects on larvae of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti. the median lethal doses (ld50s) for frozen leaves from 1- and 2-mo ...	1998	9599328
natural habitats of aedes aegypti in the caribbean--a review.	natural breeding habitats of aedes aegypti in the caribbean region were reviewed by conducting larval surveys in trinidad. puerto rico, and the u.s. virgin islands and referring to records from the mosquitoes of middle america project. twelve types of natural habitats were recorded: rock holes (9.7%), calabashes (2.4%), tree holes (19.5%), leaf axils (4.8%), bamboo joints (14.9%), papaya stumps (7.3%), coconut shells (4.8%), bromeliads (7.3%), ground pools (14.9%), coral rock holes (9.7%), crab ...	1998	9599318
the concentration-dependence of crf-like diuretic peptide: mechanisms of action.	the mechanism of action of synthetic ccrf-dp, the corticotropin-releasing factor (crf)-related diuretic peptide of the salt marsh mosquito culex salinarius, was investigated in isolated malpighian tubules of the yellow fever mosquito aedes aegypti. a low concentration of ccrf-dp (10(-9)mol l-1) caused a small but insignificant increase in transepithelial secretion of nacl and fluid, but significantly reduced transepithelial voltage and resistance without a change in short-circuit current, pointi ...	1998	9576886
spatial distribution of insecticide resistance in caribbean populations of aedes aegypti and its significance.	to monitor resistance to insecticides, bioassays were performed on 102 strains of the dengue vector aedes aegypti (l.) from 16 countries ranging from suriname in south america and through the chain of caribbean islands to the bahamas, where the larvicide temephos and the adulticide malathion have been in use for 15 to 30 years. there was wide variation in the sensitivity to the larvicide in mosquito populations within and among countries. mosquito strains in some countries such as antigua, st. l ...	1998	9924507
biochemical analysis of a blood meal-induced aedes aegypti glutamine synthetase gene.	glutamine synthetase (gs) in the mosquito, aedes aegypti, is induced in the midgut following a blood meal. mosquito gs message is detected as soon as 1 h post-blood feeding and remains stable for 18 h. using a pcr product encoding mosquito gs, a lambda gt10 adult female mosquito cdna library was screened. a cdna clone, pcl5a2, encoding the full translation product of mosquito gs was isolated and sequence analyses performed. mosquito gs cdna is 2.5 kb in length and its putative translation produc ...	1998	9887510
vitelline envelope genes of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.	vitelline envelope genes from the mosquito aedes aegypti were analyzed with respect to their dna sequences, genomic representation, temporal and spatial expression profiles and response to 20-hydroxyecdysone. genomic clones of three vitelline envelope genes, 15a-1, 15a-2 and 15a-3 were isolated. southern analysis indicates that all three genes are represented by a single copy in the genome. the deduced amino acid sequences of all three vitelline envelope genes contain a conserved region of 46 re ...	1998	9887508
[dengue, arbovirus and migrations in the indian ocean].	an arbovirus requires a competent haematophagous arthropod for transmission from one vertebrate to another susceptible host. air transportations allow quick transfers from place to place and the diffusion of potential vectors or infectious hosts. the merchandise transportation by containers allowed the diffusion of ae. albopictus from asia through africa and america. emerging arbovirusis may occur in zones where they do not exist. dengue which originally was located in southeastern asia, is the ...	1998	9559164
aedes aegypti survival and dispersal estimated by mark-release-recapture in northern australia.	the survival and dispersal of adult aedes aegypti were estimated in northern australia where sporadic outbreaks of ae. aegypti-borne dengue viruses have occurred in recent years. standard mark-release-recapture methods were used. in addition, a new sticky trap was used to capture the mosquitoes. prior to the field study, the survival and effect of marking ae. aegypti with fluorescent powder were determined in the laboratory. mortality was age-dependent and the marked cohorts had higher survival ...	1998	9546403
serum composition of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larvae and the production of an oviposition repellent are influenced by infection with the entomopathogenic digenean plagiorchis elegans (trematoda: plagiorchiidae), starvation, and crowding.	subjecting aedes aegypti (l.) larvae to conditions that induced the production of oviposition repellency also reduced their wet and dry weights and the concentration of total serum carbohydrates, amino acids, and proteins. thus, infection with metacercariae of the entomopathogenic digenean plagiorchis elegans (rudolphi), starvation for 7 d, or crowding for 2 d reduced larval dry weights by as much as 32, 20, and 23%, respectively, and wet weights by 20, 14, and 11%, respectively. total serum car ...	1998	9538578
expression and rapid purification of an aedes aegypti salivary allergen by a baculovirus system.	mosquito salivary proteins cause allergic reactions in humans. recombinant salivary allergens will facilitate both the diagnosis and immunotherapy of mosquito allergy. the aed a 1, a 68-kd apyrase in the saliva of aedes aegypti, has been demonstrated to be an allergen which binds to the ige of mosquito-allergic subjects. the baculovirus expression vector pbluebachis c equipped with an n-terminal histidine tag was used to express the aed a 1 protein. the cdna coding for the 3' significant portion ...	1998	9531167
identification of a steroidogenic neurohormone in female mosquitoes.	in the female mosquito, aedes aegypti, neurohormones are released from the brain in response to a blood meal and stimulate the ovaries to secrete ecdysteroid hormones, which modulate yolk protein synthesis in the fat body. neuropeptides with this bioactivity were isolated from head extracts, and partial sequences from these peptides when aligned gave a 31-residue sequence at the amino terminus. oligonucleotide primers for this sequence were used to amplify with the polymerase chain reaction a ge ...	1998	9461584
effect of heavy metals on aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) larvae.	studies were conducted to determine the biological effects of heavy metals on the development of aedes aegypti. embryos immersed in 32 ppm cu or 5 ppm cd did not hatch. the arrest of hatching was in part reversible by removal of the heavy metals. the mortality rate of third-instar larvae exposed to heavy metals for 24 h was metal and dose dependent; the 50% lethal concentration (lc50) endpoints were 3.1, 16.5, and 33 ppm for hg, cd, and cu, respectively. interestingly, a proportion of aedes aegy ...	1998	9515074
analysis of a ribosomal dna intergenic spacer region from the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.	we have sequenced the 1.8 kb intergenic spacer (igs) region from an aedes aegypti ribosomal dna repeat and have identified conserved functional motifs shared with the related mosquito, aedes albopictus. despite the shorter length and greater homogeneity of the ae. aegypti igs region, the sequences of two potential rna polymerase i core promoters and closely associated terminator elements were highly conserved. primer extension analysis indicated that the predominant transcription initiation site ...	1998	9459426
a temporal profile of the endocrine control of trypsin synthesis in the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti.	trypsin synthesis and secretion is induced after the female mosquito takes a blood meal. its peak activity has been shown to be proportional to the amount and quality of food uptake. further regulatory elements, hormones from the brain and the ovary, increase the synthethic rate of trypsin in the midgut by a factor of two. we investigated the temporal effect of removing the humoral factors by decapitation and ovariectomy. trypsin synthesis was reduced to less than half its normal output when the ...	1998	12770164
localization of the mosquito insulin receptor homolog (mir) in reproducing yellow fever mosquitoes (aedes aegypti).	the female mosquito takes a blood meal to produce a batch of eggs. initiation of egg maturation and growth of oocytes is governed by several endocrine factors. peptide factors from the brain are involved in this process and some are also responsible for the induction of ecdysone secretion. the latter appears to be required to maintain a high rate of vitellogenin synthesis. by analogy with the known functions of insulin-like molecules (e.g. bombyxins) which in insects activate the secretion of ec ...	1998	12770311
efficacy of neem oil-water emulsion against mosquito immatures.	neem oil-water emulsion was used in mosquito breeding habitats to find out its larvicidal effect on immatures of different mosquito species. application of 5% neem oil-water emulsion @ 50 ml/sq m in pools and @ 100 ml/sq m in tanks resulted in 100% reduction of iii and iv instar larvae of an. stephensi after 24 h while, against cx. quinquefasciatus it was 51.6 and 91.2% reduction in the larval density after day 1 and 14 respectively. similarly, application of 10% emulsion in desert coolers again ...	1998	10319557
seasonal prevalence of anopheles stephensi larvae and existence of two forms of the species in an urban garden in calcutta city.	a study on the occurrence and seasonal prevalence of anopheles stephensi (principal vector of malaria in calcutta) larvae in an urban garden in central calcutta revealed their presence in collections of fresh and/or rain water in various kinds of temporary and permanent breeding habitats. breeding sites in shady areas were preferred in comparison to those receiving direct sunlight. the density of an. stephensi larvae was highest in earthen and lowest in wooden pots throughout the study period, a ...	1998	10319556
relative efficacy of synthetic pyrethroid-impregnated fabrics against mosquitoes under laboratory conditions.	the efficacy of synthetic pyrethroid-impregnated fabrics was evaluated against anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus, under laboratory conditions. results revealed that delta-methrin was significantly superior in comparison to lambdacyhalothrin and cyfluthrin. results of bioassay tests revealed that deltamethrin was 1.5 and 1.9 times more effective than lambdacyhalothrin and cyfluthrin, respectively, against an. stephensi exposed to cotton fabric treated at 100 g/m2. del ...	1998	10084134
[natural features of oviposition of culex (melanoconion) group pilosus (diptera: culicidae)].	eggs of culex (melanoconion) grupo pilosus were found in three oviposition traps set in the toilet of a bus station in joinville city, state of santa catarina, brazil, during a surveillance study of aedes aegypti. the intrinsic characteristic of group oviposition not directly on the water was confirmed.	1998	9876429
[pathogenic effect of the nematode parasite romanomermis iyengari(nematoda: mermithidae) in aedes aegypti mosquito larvae (diptera: culicidae) under laboratory conditions in the state of oaxaca, mexico].	laboratory tests with waters from aedes aegypti linneaus (1762) breeding places were made to determine the pathogenic effect of the mermithid nematode romanomermis iyengari welch 1964 in mosquito larvae of this species. according to the results obtained, the administration of a dosage of 10:1 (10 preparasitics per mosquito larvae) showed levels of parasitism of 90, 93, 91, and 85% in mosquito larvae in the i, ii, iii, and iv stage, respectively. with the highest dosage of 20:1 (20 preparasitics ...	1998	9842260
larval rearing water and preexisting eggs influence oviposition by aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus (diptera: culicidae).	two-choice laboratory bioassays were used to evaluate oviposition responses of gravid aedes aegypti (l.) and ae. albopictus (skuse) to larval rearing water and eggs from prior egg deposition. oviposition responses by female ae. aegypti were similar between larval water from ae. aegypti and water controls but significantly greater to larval water from ae. albopictus (12.2%) compared with water controls. oviposition by ae. albopictus females increased significantly in response to larval water from ...	1998	9835684
mesocyclops longisetus effects on survivorship of aedes aegypti immature stages in car tyres.	the effect of the introduction of the entomophagous copepod mesocyclops longisetus (acuacultura f.c.b. strain) on the survival of aedes aegypti immature stages in car tyres was evaluated under semi-natural conditions in the municipality of merida, yucatan, mexico. life tables were constructed for the immature stages of the mosquito in the presence and absence of m. longisetus, and the survival data were compared using log-linear models. the data set was adjusted using the glim statistical packag ...	1998	9824822
presence of miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (mites) in the genome of arabidopsis thaliana: characterisation of the emigrant family of elements.	although the genome of arabidopsis thaliana has a small amount of repetitive dna, it contains representatives of most classes of mobile elements. however, to date, no miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (mite) has been described in this plant. here, we describe a new family of repeated sequences that we have named emigrant, which are dispersed in the genome of arabidopsis and fulfil all the requirements of mites. these sequences are short, at-rich, have terminal inverted repeats (tirs ...	1998	9807830
biosynthesis of aedes aegypti lipophorin and gene expression of its apolipoproteins.	the biosynthesis of lipophorin of the yellow fever mosquito, aedes aegypti, was investigated. fat bodies were incubated in vitro with radiolabeled methionine and cysteine, and radiolabeled proteins secreted into the medium were analyzed by density gradient ultracentrifugation, sds-page and fluorography. lipophorin was synthesized in the fat body and secreted into the medium. its density was 1.114 g/ml, similar to that of lipophorin circulating in hemolymph. three peptides of a tryptic digest of ...	1998	9807220
dna binding and transactivation characteristics of the mosquito ecdysone receptor-ultraspiracle complex.	the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone is a key regulatory factor, controlling blood-meal triggered egg maturation in mosquitoes. to elucidate the ecdysone hierarchy governing this event, we cloned and characterized the ecdysone receptor (aaecr) and the nuclear receptor ultraspiracle (aausp), a retinoid x receptor homologue, from the mosquito, aedes aegypti, which form a functional complex capable of ligand and dna binding. here we analyzed the dna-binding properties of the aaecr.aausp heterodim ...	1998	9765285
estimation of predation by the larvae of toxorhynchites splendens on the aquatic stages of aedes aegypti.	predation by instars of toxorhynchites splendens on aquatic stages of aedes aegypti was studied by estimating functional response parameters such as attack rate (a') and handling time (th) in the laboratory. the predator displayed typical type-ii functional response, similar to that of most insect predators when presented with increasing densities of any given size class of prey. second instar predator attacked prey significantly at higher rate than the other instars. small prey were attacked at ...	1998	9740296
domestic aedes aegypti breeding site surveillance: limitations of remote sensing as a predictive surveillance tool.	this project tested aerial photography as a surveillance tool in identifying residential premises at high risk of aedes aegypti breeding by extending the use of a recently developed, ground-based, rapid assessment technique, the modified premise condition index (pci2). during 1995, we inspected 360 premises in townsville, australia for ae. aegypti breeding, and pci2 scores were recorded. the pci2 values were also estimated from 1:3,000 color and infrared aerial photograph interpretation for the ...	1998	9715943