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partially protective immunity induced by the 14-3-3 protein from trichinella spiralis.trichinellosis, a widespread zoonosis, is considered to be an emerging or re-emerging infectious parasitic disease. the development of vaccines to prevent trichinella infection in domestic animals and humans is important for disease control. in a previous study, we identified ts14-3-3 as an immunodominant protein from trichinella spiralis (t. spiralis) adult worms recognized by early infection sera from pigs and mice. in this study, we further confirmed that ts14-3-3 mrna is expressed in both ad ...201627387374
evaluation of protective efficacy induced by virus-like particles containing a trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory (es) protein in mice.the frequent outbreaks of human trichinellosis globally underscore the need to develop effective vaccine. we hypothesized that a novel vaccine could improve vaccine efficacy against trichinella spiralis.201627378450
proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the three developmental stages of trichinella spiralis.trichinella spiralis, an intracellular parasitic nematode, can cause severe foodborne zoonosis, trichinellosis. the life cycle of t. spiralis consists of adult (ad), muscle larvae (ml) and newborn larvae (nbl). the protein profiles in different developmental stages of the parasite remain unknown. in the present study, proteins from lysates of ad, ml and nbl were identified by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (itraq). a total of 4691 proteins were identified in all the develop ...201627357750
identification and characterization of cd4(+) t cell epitopes present in trichinella spiralis paramyosin.trichinellosis is a worldwide zoonosis and vaccinating swine with a potent vaccine is a practical approach to prevent trichinella infections in china. paramyosin of t. spiralis (ts-pmy) was shown in our previous work to be a good vaccine candidate against trichinella infections. because cd4(+) t cells play a crucial role in effective immunity against t. spiralis infection, identifying cd4(+) t cell epitopes of paramyosin is crucial for constructing a chimeric subunit epitope vaccine. twelve cd4( ...201627353726
trichinella spiralis infection and transplacental passage in human pregnancy.infection by trichinella spp. during pregnancy still arises many questions. worldwide an important number of trichinellosis outbreaks have occurred over time where pregnant women were or might have been involved. parasitological and immunoserological parameters, clinical background and transplacental passage of trichinella spiralis of six pregnant women, from different outbreaks, were studied. serum samples were collected from patients and their children: at pregnancy, at delivery, newborn and/o ...201627349972
recombinant trichinella spiralis 53-kda protein activates m2 macrophages and attenuates the lps-induced damage of endotoxemia.sepsis is a serious clinical condition of excessive systemic immune response to microbial infection. the pro-inflammatory stage of sepsis is generally launched by innate cells such as macrophages. they release inflammatory cytokines, activate other immune cells and cause severe tissue/organ damage. in this study, we have revealed that recombinant trichinella spiralis (ts) excretory-secretory protein (rtsp53) exhibited anti-inflammatory properties and rescued mice from lps-induced endotoxemia, wh ...201627312706
cloning and characterization of thioredoxin peroxidases from trichinella spiralis.the intracellular parasitic nematode, trichinella spiralis, can initiate a high level of oxidative stress, especially during rapid growth and generative propagation phases. thioredoxin peroxidases (tpxs) protect helminths against oxidative stress, but none has been identified in t. spiralis. here, 3 members of the tpx family were cloned from t. spiralis muscle larvae (ml). the lengths of tstpx orfs were 747bp, 588bp and 594bp, respectively, and the deduced proteins predicted to contain ahpc-tsa ...201627283449
serglycin proteoglycans limit enteropathy in trichinella spiralis-infected mice.serglycin proteoglycans are essential for maturation of secretory granules and for the correct granular storage of cationic proteases in hematopoietic cells, e.g. mast cells. however, little is known about the in vivo functions of serglycin proteoglycans during infection. here we investigated the potential role of serglycin proteoglycans in host defense after infection with the nematode trichinella spiralis.201627267469
trichinella spiralis in road-killed raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) in western poland.trichinellosis is still one of the most important food-borne parasitic zoonoses and is considered as a threat to public health worldwide. the aim of this study was to use genotyping techniques to determine the prevalence of trichinella species in wild raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) in western poland. the infection rate in raccoon dogs was 0.8%. all infections were due to t. spiralis.201627262962
regulatory parameters of the lung immune response during the early phase of experimental trichinellosis.parasitic infection caused by trichinella spiralis provokes an early stimulation of the mucosal immune system which causes an allergic inflammatory response in the lungs. the present work was intended to characterize the kinetics of emergence of regulatory parameters in wistar rat lungs during this early inflammatory response, between days 0 and 13p.i. the presence of regulatory cells such as regulatory t cells (tregs) and alternatively activated macrophages (aam) was analyzed in lung cell suspe ...201627211081
activation and recruitment of regulatory t cells via chemokine receptor activation in trichinella spiralis-infected mice.as most infections by the helminth parasite elicit the recruitment of cd4(+)cd25(+)foxp3(+) t (treg) cells, many scientists have suggested that these cells could be used for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammation and associated diseases. in order to investigate the distribution and alteration of activated treg cells, we compared the expression levels of treg cell activation markers in the ileum and gastrocnemius tissues 1, 2, and 4 weeks after infection. the number of treg cells was monit ...201627180574
[identification of serological antigens in excretory-secretory antigens of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae].to isolate and identify serological antigens in the excretory-secretory antigens of trichinella spiralis muscle larvae by the combination of co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometric technology.201627126943
proficiency testing to detect trichinella larvae in meat in the european union.according to the commission implementing regulation (eu) 2015/1375 (replacing the commission regulation (ec) no 2075/2005), all animals, which are potential carriers of trichinella spp. larvae, should be tested at the slaughterhouse or game-handling establishments according to one of the approved tests. one of the core duties of the european union reference laboratory for parasites is to organize proficiency testing (pt), as stated in the commission regulation (ec) no. 882/2004 of the european p ...201627106772
evaluation of recombinant cxcl8(3-73)k11r/g31p in muscle fibrosis and trichinella larvae encapsulation in a murine model of trichinellosis.trichinella spiralis (t. spiralis) larvae in raw or inadequately cooked meat can cause chronic infections in a wide range of hosts including humans. during the development inside the skeletal muscles, t. spiralis larvae infect muscle cells accompanying with the infiltration of host inflammatory cells, eventually create a new type of cell known as nurse cell developing a surrounding vascular network to support the larvae development. controlling of host inflammatory responses and angiogenesis inf ...201627089392
carbonic anhydrase enzyme as a potential therapeutic target for experimental trichinellosis.trichinellosis is a globally distributed helminthic infection. there is a considerable interest in developing new anti-helminthic drugs affecting all the developmental stages of trichinella. acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase (ca) inhibitor) involves a novel mechanism of action by inhibiting such an essential enzyme for parasite metabolism. this work aimed to study the effect of acetazolamide against different stages of t. spiralis in experimental animals. mice were divided into three groups: gro ...201626979731
preinduced intestinal hsp70 improves visceral hypersensitivity and abnormal intestinal motility in pi-ibs mouse model.to investigate the impact of the preinduced intestinal heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) on the visceral hypersensitivity and abnormal intestinal motility in a post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (pi-ibs) mouse model.201626972407
[therapeutic activity of micronized mebendazole in the muscular phase of experimental trichinella spiralis invasion in albino mice].the incidence of trichinosis in russia was 0.07 per 100,000 population in 2014, which was 2.9-fold higher than that in 2013. two who recommended medications mebendazole and albendazole are now used to treat humari trichinosis. the drugs are active against only mature helminths and non-encysted muscle larvae. the original oil suspension of micronized mebendazole was.found to have 100% efficacy against trichinosis in albino mice in the late muscular phase (encysted larvae) of hyperinvasion after i ...201626827586
dsrna-mediated silencing of nudix hydrolase in trichinella spiralis inhibits the larval invasion and survival in mice.the aim of this study was to investigate the functions of trichinella spiralis nudix hydrolase (tsnd) during the larval invasion of intestinal epithelial cells (iecs), development and survival in host by rnai. the tsnd-specific double-stranded rna (dsrna) was designed to silence the expression of tsnd in t. spiralis larvae. dsrna were delivered to the larvae by soaking incubation or electroporation. silencing effect of tsnd transcription and expression was determined by real-time pcr and western ...201626778819
persistent alterations in colonic afferent innervation in a rat model of postinfectious gut dysfunction: role for changes in peripheral neurotrophic factors.visceral hypersensitivity in the inflamed gut is related partly to the effects of peripheral neurotrophic factors (ntfs) on local afferent neurons. however, alterations in sensory afferents of distant areas remain unexplored. using the trichinella spiralis infection model, which causes a jejunitis, we investigated the remodeling of colonic afferents and the potential role of ntfs.201626768324
nonencapsulated trichinella pseudospiralis infection impairs follicular helper t cell differentiation with subclass-selective decreases in antibody responses.infectious microorganisms often modify host immunity to escape from immune elimination. trichinella is a unique nematode of the helminth family, whose members parasitize the muscle cells inside the host without robust eliminative reactions. there are several species of trichinella; some develop in muscle cells that become encapsulated (e.g., trichinella spiralis) and others in cells that do not encapsulate (e.g., trichinella pseudospiralis). it has already been established that trichinella infec ...201627736779
identification and characterization of conserved mirnas with its targets mrna in trichinella spiralis.micrornas (small regulatory non-coding rnas) have an important role in gene regulation and evolutionarily conserved molecules. trichinella spiralis infect majority of species. therefore, it is of interest to identify conserved mirnas and their targets using sequences from est, gss and full length nucleotides obtained from ncbi against previously reported worm mirnas. we identify 11 novel mirnas in t. spiralis by using bioinformatics-homology based search. in addition, we predicted target mrna ge ...201628246461
parasitic zoonoses present some risks with low-temperature cooking of pork.a recent article in this journal documents enhanced sensory qualities of pork cooked to low temperatures. the aim of this letter is to point out that the incidence of trichinella spiralis in many countries and the more widespread incidence of toxoplasma gondii present a concern for the adoption of low temperature cooking of pork unless extended cooking times are used.201627115863
study on the occurrence of trichinella spp. in raccoon dogs in brandenburg, germany.in recent years the raccoon dog population in germany has risen dramatically and a steady westward expansion can still be seen. in addition to the highest trichinella prevalence in wild boar and the most reported trichinella cases in domestic swine from backyard farms, the north-eastern part of germany also has the highest raccoon dog density in the country. due to their distinct scavenging behavior, raccoon dogs play a significant role as trichinella reservoir. therefore, to increase the knowle ...201627133501
matrix metalloproteinase (mmp)-9: a realiable marker for inflammation in early human trichinellosis.matrix metalloproteinases (mmps) are involved in many physiological and pathological processes. as regards parasitic infections, the role of these proteins has been particularly studied in malaria, neurocysticercosis and angiostrongyloidosis. recently, we evaluated serum levels of mmp-9 and -2 (gelatinases) in mice experimentally infected with trichinella spiralis or trichinella pseudospiralis, which cause different degrees of myositis and we found their significant increase in the former and, a ...201627117947
high prevalence of trichinella spp. in sylvatic carnivore mammals of latvia.trichinella spp. are zoonotic parasites transmitted to humans by the consumption of raw or insufficiently cooked meat of different animal species. carnivore mammals are important reservoir hosts of these nematodes. the aims of this work were to establish the prevalence of trichinella spp. and infection intensity in sylvatic carnivore mammals of latvia, to identify the etiological agents at the species level and their circulation in the latvian regions. from 2010 to 2014, muscle samples were coll ...201627091108
the dynamics of trichinella spiralis epidemiology: out to pasture?the great public health success in prevention of human trichinellosis has resulted in a decades-long decline in the incidence and health impact of this zoonosis. the important elements of this achievement include improvement in animal husbandry practices, meat inspection, consumer education, and medical care. most outbreaks now involve consumption of infected game. however, domestic pork still accounts for many outbreaks, mostly in eastern europe and argentina, where traditional small, "backyard ...201627061788
trichinella spiralis: genome database searches for the presence and immunolocalization of protein disulphide isomerase family members.the formation of nurse cells in host muscle cells during trichinella spiralis infection is a key step in the infective mechanism. collagen trimerization is set up via disulphide bond formation, catalysed by protein disulphide isomerase (pdi). in t. spiralis, some pdi family members have been identified but no localization is described and no antibodies specific for t. spiralis pdis are available. in this work, computational approaches were used to search for non-described pdis in the t. spiralis ...201625475092
trichinella spiralis infection changes immune response in mice performed abdominal heterotopic cardiac transplantation and prolongs cardiac allograft survival time.allograft rejection has been an obstacle for long-term survival of patients for many years. current strategies for transplant rejection are not as optimal as we expected, especially for long-term treatments. trichinella spiralis, a nematode parasitized in mammalian muscle and as an invader, maintains harmonious with host in the long term by evading host immune attack. to determine whether t. spiralis infection impacts on allograft rejection, we performed mice cardiac allograft transplantation mo ...201626481486
screening and characterization of early diagnostic antigens in excretory-secretory proteins from trichinella spiralis intestinal infective larvae by immunoproteomics.the excretory-secretory (es) antigens from trichinella spiralis muscle larvae are the most commonly used diagnostic antigens for trichinellosis, but specific igg antibodies were not detected in early stage of infection. the aim of this study was to identify early diagnostic antigens from es proteins of intestinal infective larvae (iil), the first invasive stage of t. spiralis. six bands (92, 52, 45, 35, 32, and 29 kda) of iil es proteins were recognized by infection sera in western blotting as e ...201626468148
survey of trichinella infection from domestic pigs in the historical endemic areas of henan province, central china.the aim of this work was to investigate the current situation of trichinella infection from domestic pigs in the historical endemic areas of henan province, central china. a total of 823 diaphragm samples from the indoor-raised pigs were collected in five cities of henan during 2014-2015 and examined by artificial digestion method. the overall prevalence of trichinella infection in pigs was 0.61 % (5/823). trichinella larvae were detected in 0.91 % (5/550) of pigs from nanyang city of henan. the ...201627601238
[effect of trichinella spiralis and its worm-derived proteins on clp-induced sepsis in mice].to observe the effect of trichinella spiralis and its worm-derived proteins on cecal ligation and puncture (clp)-induced sepsis in mice.201627578571
carbonic anhydrase enzymes regulate mast cell-mediated inflammation.type 2 cytokine responses are necessary for the development of protective immunity to helminth parasites but also cause the inflammation associated with allergies and asthma. recent studies have found that peripheral hematopoietic progenitor cells contribute to type 2 cytokine-mediated inflammation through their enhanced ability to develop into mast cells. in this study, we show that carbonic anhydrase (car) enzymes are up-regulated in type 2-associated progenitor cells and demonstrate that car ...201627526715
the roles of supernatant of macrophage treated by excretory-secretory products from muscle larvae of trichinella spiralis on the differentiation of c2c12 myoblasts.the excretory-secretory products (esps) released by the muscle-larvae (ml) stage of trichinella spiralis have been suggested to be involved in nurse cell formation. however, the molecular mechanisms by which ml-esps modulate nurse cell formation remain unclear. macrophages exert either beneficial or deleterious effects on tissue repair, depending on their activation/polarization state. they are crucial for skeletal muscle repair, notably, via their actions on myogenic precursor cells. however, t ...201627501988
developmental profile of select immune cells in mice infected with trichinella spiralis during the intestinal phase.trichinella spiralis can cause immunosuppression during the intestinal phase of early infection. however, changes in the peripheral blood during t. spiralis early infection remain unclear. here, select immune cells in mice infected with 500 muscle larvae (ml) of t. spiralis during the intestinal phase of infection were studied. first, the recovery rates of the intestinal worms and female fecundity were determined, and the results showed that the intestinal worms were completely eliminated at 17 ...201627501987
diffuse 18f-fdg muscle uptake in trichinella spiralis infection.two patients were referred to our emergency department with myalgia, fever, general malaise, eosinophilia, and elevated serum levels of creatine kinase and troponin t. 18f-fdg pet/ct scan was performed showing a diffuse and homogenous moderately elevated glucose uptake in all muscle groups. trichinella spiralis infection was confirmed by a muscle biopsy and detection of trichinella antibodies. the muscle biopsy was taken in the left quadriceps because of equal involvement of the skeletal muscles ...201626252328
quantitative risk assessment of human trichinellosis caused by consumption of pork meat sausages in argentina.in argentina, there are three known species of genus trichinella; however, trichinella spiralis is most commonly associated with domestic pigs and it is recognized as the main cause of human trichinellosis by the consumption of products made with raw or insufficiently cooked pork meat. in some areas of argentina, this disease is endemic and it is thus necessary to develop a more effective programme of prevention and control. here, we developed a quantitative risk assessment of human trichinellos ...201626227185
identification and characterization of immunodominant linear epitopes on the antigenic region of a serine protease in newborn trichinella larvae.an immunodominant serine protease of trichinella spiralis named nbl1 showed encouraging potential in early diagnosis of trichinellosis in pigs and elicited protective immune responses during infection of animals. to further define serological reagents for diagnostic use, the specific epitopes on nbl protein recognized by the antibody responses of different susceptible hosts need to be defined. the present study described comprehensive mapping of immunodominant linear epitopes in the antigenic re ...201625989815
a proteomic approach to identify proteins from trichuris trichiura extract with immunomodulatory effects.infections with trichuris trichiura and other trichurid nematodes have been reported to display protective effects against atopy, allergic and autoimmune diseases. the aims of the present study were to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of t. trichiura adult worm extract (tte) and its fractions (ttefs) on the production of cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells and to identify their proteinaceous components. fourteen ttefs were obtained by ion exchange chromatography and tested ...201623398517
antibodies to various zoonotic pathogens detected in feral swine (sus scrofa) at abattoirs in texas, usa.the zoonotic risk posed to employees by slaughtering feral swine (sus scrofa) at two abattoirs in texas was assessed by testing feral swine serum samples for exposure to influenza a virus, leptospira, trichinella spiralis, and toxoplasma gondii. blood was collected from a total of 376 feral swine between the two facilities during six separate collection periods in 2015. antibodies to one or more serovars of leptospira were identified in 48.9% of feral swine tested, with bratislava and pomona as ...201728686494
[nuclease activity of the recombinant plancitoxin-1-like proteins with mutations in the active site from trichinella spiralis].although there are 125 predicted dnase ⅱ-like family genes in the trichinella spiralis genome, plancitoxin-1-like (ts-pt) contains the hkd motif, a typical conserved region of dnase ⅱ, in n- and c-terminal. it is generally believed that histidine is the active site in dnase ⅱ. to study the nuclease activity of recombinant ts-pt with mutations in the active site from t. spiralis, different fragments of the mutated ts-pt genes were cloned using overlap pcr technique and inserted into the expressin ...201728853259
vaccination with a paramyosin-based multi-epitope vaccine elicits significant protective immunity against trichinella spiralis infection in mice.trichinellosis is a worldwide zoonosis and remains a serious public health problem. interrupting parasite transmission via vaccination of livestocks with a potent vaccine is a practical approach to prevent human trichinellosis. our previous studies have identified that paramyosin of trichinella spiralis (ts-pmy) is a good vaccine candidate against trichinellosis. in this study, a novel multi-epitope vaccine (mep) was constructed by using four cd4(+) t cell epitopes (p2, p3, p4, and p5) and one b ...201728824599
proteomic analysis of trichinella spiralis adult worm excretory-secretory proteins recognized by sera of patients with early trichinellosis.the most commonly used serodiagnostic antigens for trichinellosis are the excretory-secretory (es) antigens from t. spiralis muscle larvae (ml), but the specific antibodies against the ml es antigens are usually negative during early stage of trichinella infection. the recent studies demonstrated that t. spiralis adult worm (aw) antigens were recognized by mouse or swine infection sera on western blot as early as 7-15 days post-infection (dpi), the aw antigens might contain the early diagnostic ...201728620363
therapeutic potential of helminths in autoimmune diseases: helminth-derived immune-regulators and immune balance.helminths have accompanied human throughout history by releasing immune-evasion molecules that could counteract an aberrant immune response within the host. in the past decades, helminth infections are becoming less prevalent possibly due to the developed sanitation. meanwhile, the incidence of autoimmune diseases is increasing, which cannot be exclusively explained by the changes of susceptibility genes. while the hygiene hypothesis casts light on the problem. the infections of helminths are be ...201728664463
development and evaluation of a rapid diagnostic immunochromatographic device to detect antibodies in sera from intestinal capillariasis cases.intestinal capillariasis, a fish-borne nematodiasis, is an important emerging zoonotic disease. patients present clinical symptoms of borborygmus chronic diarrhea, intermittent abdominal pain, weight loss, and several degrees of painless lower-leg edema. death may occur in cases of misdiagnosis and improper treatment. diagnosis is difficult because of the atypical clinical symptoms and diagnostic confusion with diarrhea caused by gastrointestinal cancer, opportunistic infections in human immunod ...201728667523
heterologous prime-boost vaccination enhances tspmy's protective immunity against trichinella spiralis infection in a murine model.tspmy is a paramyosin expressed by parasitic trichinella spiralis and confers a protective immunity when its recombinant protein or dna was used as an immunogen. to improve its immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy, we conducted a heterologous prime-boost strategy by orally delivering one dose of tspmy dna carried by attenuated salmonella typhimurium (sl7207), followed by two doses of recombinant tspmy intramuscularly. this strategy effectively induced intestinal mucosal siga response and an enhan ...201728785255
long-read sequencing improves assembly of trichinella genomes 10-fold, revealing substantial synteny between lineages diverged over 7 million years.genome assemblies can form the basis of comparative analyses fostering insight into the evolutionary genetics of a parasite's pathogenicity, host-pathogen interactions, environmental constraints and invasion biology; however, the length and complexity of many parasite genomes has hampered the development of well-resolved assemblies. in order to improve trichinella genome assemblies, the genome of the sylvatic encapsulated species trichinella murrelli was sequenced using third-generation, long-re ...201728583210
evaluation of the priocheck™ trichinella aad kit for the digestion and recovery of larvae in pork, horse meat and wild meat.the artificial digestion magnetic stirrer method using pepsin protease and hydrochloric acid is the standard assay for the detection of trichinella larvae in muscle of infected animals. recently, an alternative enzyme, serine protease, was employed in the development of a commercially available digestion kit (priocheck™ trichinella aad kit). this assay requires a higher digestion temperature of 60°c which kills the larvae during the digestion process, mitigating the risk of environmental contami ...201728807305
single cell phenotyping reveals heterogeneity among haematopoietic stem cells following infection.the haematopoietic stem cell (hsc) niche provides essential micro-environmental cues for the production and maintenance of hscs within the bone marrow. during inflammation, haematopoietic dynamics are perturbed, but it is not known whether changes to the hsc-niche interaction occur as a result. we visualise hscs directly in vivo, enabling detailed analysis of the 3d niche dynamics and migration patterns in murine bone marrow following trichinella spiralis infection. spatial statistical analysis ...201728833970
crystal structures of nematode (parasitic t. spiralis and free living c. elegans), compared to mammalian, thymidylate synthases (ts). molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations in search for nematode-specific inhibitors of ts.three crystal structures are presented of nematode thymidylate synthases (ts), including caenorhabditis elegans (ce) enzyme without ligands and its ternary complex with dump and raltitrexed, and binary complex of trichinella spiralis (ts) enzyme with dump. in search of differences potentially relevant for the development of species-specific inhibitors of the nematode enzyme, a comparison was made of the present ce and ts enzyme structures, as well as binary complex of ce enzyme with dump, with t ...201728826032
m-rna gene expression of inf-γ and il-10 during intestinal phase of trichinella spiralis after myrrh and albendazole treatment.the protective response developed against trichinella spiralis infection provokes immune and inflammatory responses mediated by cytokines released from t helper cells. we aimed to evaluate the effect of albendazole or myrrh on the expression of ifn-γ and il-10 in balb/c mice infected with t. spiralis.201728761478
intraperitoneal inoculation: an atypical route of trichinella spiralis infection.the intraperitoneal injection is a common method for establishing the experimental animal model infected with parasites. the aim of this study was to investigate if the intraperitoneal injection was another route of trichinella spiralis infection.201728761470
reduced interstitial cells of cajal and increased intraepithelial lymphocytes are associated with development of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in post-infectious ibs mouse model.intestinal dysmotility and immune activation are likely involved in the pathogenesis of small intestinal bacteria overgrowth (sibo) in irritable bowel syndrome (ibs). we aimed at investigating the role of interstitial cells of cajal (icc) and intestinal inflammation in the development of sibo using a post-infectious ibs (pi-ibs) mouse model.201728679338
[a hundred years since the beginning of the great war: trichinosis outbreak in dresden marine in chile: chronicle of an announced infection].in commemoration of one hundred years of the beginning of world war i, the occurrence of an outbreak of trichinosis in the crew of the sms dresden, a german ship that participated in that world conflagration, is re-viewed. in september 1915, while the sailors of sms dresden were forcibly detained on isla quiriquina, bío bío region, chile, 60 individuals became ill. the cause of the outbreak was the consumption of sausages made from pork infected with the parasite trichinella spiralis. there was ...201728632832
studies on vertical transmission of trichinella spiralis in experimentally infected guinea pigs (cavia porcellus).an experimental study to enhance knowledge on the capability of trichenella spiralis to pass from guinea pigs to progeny at different periods of pregnancy or lactation was performed. for this purpose, 18 female adult guinea pigs were inoculated with 100 or 1000 t. spiralis muscle larvae (ml) during early, late gestation and during lactation period. the presence of t. spiralis (ml) in mothers and newborns was studied through enzymatic digestion from muscle samples. ml were observed in 9 of 42 new ...201728631164
trichinella spiralis calreticulin binds human complement c1q as an immune evasion strategy.as a multicellular parasitic nematode, trichinella spiralis regulates host immune responses by producing a variety of immunomodulatory molecules to escape from host immune attack, but the mechanisms underlying the immune evasion are not well understood. here, we identified that t. spiralis calreticulin (ts-crt), a ca(2+)-binding protein, facilitated t. spiralis immune evasion by interacting with the first component of human classical complement pathway, c1q. in the present study, ts-crt was foun ...201728620388
resiniferatoxin modulates the th1 immune response and protects the host during intestinal nematode infection.in the early stage of the intestinal phase of trichinella spiralis infection, the host triggers a th1-type immune response with the aim of eliminating the parasite. however, this response damages the host which favours the survival of the parasite. in the search for novel pharmacological strategies that inhibit the th1 immune response and assist the host against t. spiralis infection, a recent study showed that resiniferatoxin had anti-inflammatory activity contributed to the host in t. spiralis ...201728580764
rifaximin exerts beneficial effects in pi-ibs mouse model beyond gut microbiota.rifaximin is a minimally absorbed antibiotic which has shown efficacy in irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) patients. however, the mechanism how it effects in ibs is still incompletely defined. in this study, we used trichinella spiralis infected pi-ibs mouse model, to assess the action of rifaximin on visceral hypersensitivity, barrier function, gut inflammation and microbiota.201728573746
oral contraceptive pills: risky or protective in case of trichinella spiralis infection?the aim of this study was to investigate how trichinella spiralis infection can be affected by contraceptive pills in vivo. methods included six groups of female wistar rats; healthy, trichinella infected, receiving combined contraceptive pills (cocps), receiving progestin only pills (pops), infected receiving cocps and infected receiving pops. parasite burden was measured; adult worm counts, gravidity, larvae and reproductive capacity index). histopathological examination, immunohistochemical d ...201728524239
trichinella spiralis impact on mesenchymal stem cells: immunohistochemical study by image analyzer in murine model.this study aims to elucidate whether trichinella spiralis infection or its crude antigen administration can stimulate recruitment of cd105(+ve)/cd45(-ve) cells that could represent mscs in intestine and skeletal muscle of experimental balb/c albino mice compared to healthy control mice. studied mice were divided into: 20 healthy control, 20 with orally induced t. spiralis infection, 20 received adult worm crude antigen orally and 20 received larval crude antigen intramuscular. according to speci ...201728456661
influence of adjuvant formulation on inducing immune response in mice immunized with a recombinant serpin from trichinella spiralis.nematodes of the genus trichinella are one of the most widespread zoonotic pathogens on the world, and they can still cause major public health problems in many parts of the world. vaccination against the helminth nematode trichinella could be a good strategy to reduce the risk of human and animal infection. it was our aim to evaluate three adjuvants, which could be used as an efficient vaccine for animals in combination with rts-serpin antigen. in this study, balb/c mice were vaccinated by an i ...201728445612
t-bet independent development of ifnγ secreting natural t helper 1 cell population in the absence of itk.th1, th2, th9 and th17 cells are conventional cd4(+) effector t cells identified as secretors of prototypical cytokines ifnγ, il4, il9, and il-17a respectively. recently, populations of natural th17 and th1 cells (nth17 and nth1) with innate-like phenotype have been identified in the thymus that are distinct from conventional th17 and th1 cells. the absence of the tec family kinase interleukin-2 inducible t cell kinase (itk) results in t cell immunodeficiency in mice and humans. here we show tha ...201728406139
innate immunity modulation in the duodenal mucosa induced by rem sleep deprivation during infection with trichinella spirallis.sleep is considered to be an important predictor of the immunity, since the absence of sleep can affect the development of the immune response, and consequently increase the susceptibility to contract an infection. the aim of the present study was to investigate if sleep deprivation and stress induce dysregulation of the duodenal mucous membrane during the acute infection with trichinella spiralis. our results shows that, in the intestinal mucous membrane, stress and sleep deprivation, produces ...201728374797
in vitro alterations of erythrocyte aggregation by action of trichinella spiralis newborn larvae.possible changes in the erythrocyte membrane, by in vitro interaction with newborn larvae of t. spiralis (nl), were evaluated analyzing the alterations in erythrocyte aggregation by digital image analysis and laser transmission in a new optical chip aggregometer. nl were obtained from cbi mice infected with t. spiralis. rbcs samples from healthy donors where in vitro exposed to nl (concentration (3000 ± 500) larvae/ml) to assess its effect on rbc aggregation. individual cell coefficient (cca) an ...201727447422
t-cell clones in human trichinellosis: evidence for a mixed th1/th2 response.in humans, studies on the cellular immune response against trichinella are scarce. aim of this study was to characterize the cytokine profile of t cells specific for trichinella britovi in trichinellosis patients. peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) were obtained from five patients involved in a trichinellosis outbreak caused by t. britovi, which occurred in 2013 in tuscany (italy). all the patients resulted positive for trichinella-specific igg, ige and presented eosinophilia. t cells wer ...201728106258
new insights on serodiagnosis of trichinellosis during window period: early diagnostic antigens from trichinella spiralis intestinal worms.the clinical diagnosis of trichinellosis is difficult because its clinical manifestations are nonspecific. detection of anti-trichinella igg by elisa using t. spiralis muscle larval excretory-secretory (es) antigens is the most commonly used serological method for diagnosis of trichinellosis, but the main disadvantage is false negativity during the early stage of infection. there is an obvious window period between trichinella infection and antibody positivity.during the intestinal stage of tric ...201728219418
experimental arthritis is dependent on mouse mast cell protease-5.the constitutive heparin(+) (hp) mast cells (mcs) in mice express mouse mc protease (mmcp)-5 and carboxypeptidase a (mmc-cpa). the amino acid sequence of mmcp-5 is most similar to that of human chymase-1, as are the nucleotide sequences of their genes and transcripts. using a homologous recombination approach, a c57bl/6 mouse line was created that possessed a disrupted mmcp-5 gene. the resulting mice were fertile and had no obvious developmental abnormality. lack of mmcp-5 protein did not alter ...201728193842
paraoxonase-1 activity is related to trichinella spiralis-induced hepatitis in rats.little is known about the potential adverse effects of a chronic zoonotic nematode trichinella spiralis infection on hepatic inflammation and its relationship to paraoxonase (pon)-1 and butyrylcholinesterase (buche) activities. therefore, we aimed to examine the effects of t. spiralis infection on hepatic synthesis of pon1.201728103386
study on the mitochondrial apoptosis pathways of small cell lung cancer h446 cells induced by trichinella spiralis muscle larvae esps.trichinella spiralis (t.spiralis) muscle-larva (ml) excretory-secretory proteins (esps) contain antitumour-active substances. esps have been shown to inhibit tumour growth. to explore the effects of these proteins on small cell lung cancer cells and the possible mechanisms of their antineoplastic action, h446 sclc cells were co-cultured with different concentrations of t. spiralis ml esps for 12, 24 and 48 h. our results showed that t. spiralis ml esps significantly inhibited h446 cell prolifera ...201728073393
immune responses in mice vaccinated with a dna vaccine expressing serine protease-like protein from the new-born larval stage of trichinella spiralis.trichinella spiralis is a parasitic helminth that can infect almost all mammals, including humans. trichinella spiralis infection elicits a typical type 2 immune responses, while suppresses type 1 immune responses, which is in favour of their parasitism. dna vaccines have been shown to be capable of eliciting balanced cd4+ and cd8+ t cell responses as well as humoral immune responses in small-animal models, which will be advantage to induce protective immune response against helminth infection. ...201728069101
piezo2: a candidate biomarker for visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome?currently, there exists no biomarker for visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (ibs). piezo proteins have been proven to play an important role in the mechanical stimulation to induce visceral pain in other tissues and may also be a biomarker candidate. the aim of this study was to test the expressions of piezo1 and piezo2 proteins in the intestinal epithelial cells from different intestinal segments and to explore the correlation between piezo proteins expression and visceral pa ...201728044050
early detection of trichinella spiralis dna in the feces of experimentally infected mice by using pcr.the aim of this study was to detect trichinella spiralis dna in mouse feces during the early stages of infection using pcr. the target gene fragment, a 1.6kb repetitive sequence of t. spiralis genome, was amplified by pcr from feces of mice infected with 100 or 300 larvae at 3-24h post infection (hpi) and 2-28dpi. the sensitivity of pcr was 0.016 larvae in feces. the primers used were highly specific for t. spiralis. no cross-reactivity was observed with the dna of other intestinal helminths. t. ...201727983972
implication of artemisinin nematocidal activity on experimental trichinellosis: in vitro and in vivo studies.benzimidazole drugs are used for treatment of trichinellosis, but they have a limited effect against encapsulated larval stages of trichinella spiralis. hence, there is a considerable interest in developing new anthelmintic drugs. our aim is to investigate the possible effect of artemisinin on t. spiralis in in vitro and in vivo studies. t. spiralis worms were isolated from infected mice and transferred to 3 culture media; group i: with no drugs, group ii: contained artemisinin and group iii: co ...201727894908
resiniferatoxin lowers tnf-α, no and pge2 in the intestinal phase and the parasite burden in the muscular phase of trichinella spiralis infection.during the course of infection with trichinella spiralis, an inflammatory response is triggered at the intestinal level in the host, playing a crucial role in the expulsion and elimination of the parasite. however, several studies have demonstrated that this inflammatory response is harmful to the host; hence, the importance of studying molecules with therapeutic potential like resiniferatoxin, which is known to have an anti-inflammatory effect both in vitro and in vivo. in this article, we eval ...201727743486
a systematic review of taeniasis, cysticercosis and trichinellosis in vietnam.taeniasis, cysticercosis and trichinellosis have been ranked as the most important food-borne parasites of humans in terms of public health, socioeconomic and trade impact. despite this, information on these food-borne zoonoses in vietnam is scarce and fragmented, and many local reports remain inaccessible to the international research community. this study aims to conduct comprehensive literature searches to report on the incidence and estimate the true prevalence of taeniasis in humans and t. ...201728320455
p2x7 receptor-dependent tuning of gut epithelial responses to infection.infection and injury of the gut are associated with cell damage and release of molecules such as extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate (atp), which is recognised by the purinergic p2x7 receptor (p2x7r). p2x7r is widely expressed in the gut by antigen-presenting cells (apcs) and epithelial cells, but the role of the p2x7r on epithelial cells is poorly understood. we investigated p2x7r in intestinal epithelium in vitro and in vivo using two model infections, toxoplasma gondii and trichinella spi ...201727559003
microrna-mediated regulation of immune responses to intestinal helminth infections.intestinal helminth infections are highly prevalent in the developing world, often resulting in chronic infection and inflicting high host morbidity. with the emergence of drug-resistant parasites, a limited number of chemotherapeutic drugs available and stalling vaccine efforts, an increased understanding of antihelminth immunity is essential to provide new avenues to therapeutic intervention. micrornas are a class of small, nonprotein coding rnas which negatively regulate mrna translation, thu ...201727977850
tspka-r: a potential immunodiagnostic antigen for the detection of porcine cysticercosis.cysticercosis, caused by metacestodes of taenia solium, has a significant soci-economic impact and is of considerable importance in public health. however, there are no specific diagnostic antigens to distinguish between t. solim and taenia hydatigena. in the present study, camp-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit (tspka-r), an excretory/secretary (es) antigen of t. solium, was used to establish a specific and sensitive diagnostic tool for detection of porcine cysticercosis. the full-len ...201728359828
the use of recombinant 31 kda antigens of trichinella spiralis for serodiagnosis of experimental trichinellosis.we have previously reported that a 31 kda protein was screened from the excretory-secretory (es) proteins of tichinella spiralis muscle larvae (ml) by immunoproteomics using early infection sera, and the gene encoding a 31 kda protein from t. spiralis was cloned and expressed in an e. coli expression system. in this study, the recombinant 31 kda antigens were used for detection of anti-trichinella antibodies in serum of experimentally infected mice by elisa.201726246820
development of an immunodiagnosis method using recombinant pscp for detection of paragonimus skrjabini infection in human.paragonimiasis skrjabini is a kind of zoonosis and prevalent in 16 provinces in china, such as chongqing, fujian, sichuan, and yunnan. however, sensitive and efficient diagnostic methods for the infection are limited. in order to provide a more convenient and simple method for serologic diagnosis, the recombinant p. skrjabini cysteine protease (pscp) was expressed, purified, and then used to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detecting anti-pscp antibodies in human ...201727796563
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