Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| vulvar cancer with fanconi's anemia and neutropenic fever: a case report. | fanconi's anemia (fa), an autosomal-recessive aplastic anemia, was first described in 1927. patients usually die from complications of pancytopenia. the longer patients survive the underlying anemia, the higher the risk of other cancers, particularly leukemias, hepatocellular cancer and squamous cell tumors. this report is the sixth reported case of vulvar cancer in a young woman with fa since 1966. | 2004 | 15098894 |
| mind the gap: bridging the divide between clinical and molecular studies of the trichomonads. | 2004 | 15105016 | |
| [prevalence of asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections among high-risk patients attending a free anonymous hiv-screening center]. | the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among patients attending an anonymous hiv screening center. | 2004 | 15107742 |
| the use of specimens from various genitourinary sites in men, to detect trichomonas vaginalis infection. | variations in estimates of prevalence of trichomoniasis in men may reflect true differences in the burden of disease but are also affected by the performance of diagnostic methods and the type of specimen tested. in this study, men were evaluated at baseline and at follow-up, to evaluate syndromic management of urethritis and the effects of human immunodeficiency virus and trichomoniasis, in lilongwe, malawi. first-void urine specimens and urethral swabs were obtained at enrollment, for trichomo ... | 2004 | 15122531 |
| tvcp12: a novel trichomonas vaginalis cathepsin l-like cysteine proteinase-encoding gene. | trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in humans. this protozoan has multiple proteinases that are mainly of the cysteine proteinase (cp) type, some of which are known to be involved in the parasite's virulence. here, a novel t. vaginalis cp-encoding gene, tvcp12, was identified and characterized. tvcp12 is 948 bp long and encodes a predicted 34.4 kda protein that has the characteristics of the papain-like cp family. t ... | 2004 | 15133072 |
| production of ammonia by tritrichomonas foetus and trichomonas vaginalis. | production of ammonia is difficult to find among the various studies of amino acid metabolism in protozoa. several studies suggest that catabolism of arginine to ammonium is important for the growth of trichomonads. trichomonads are amitochondriate zooflagellates that thrive under microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions. the authors were able to detect accumulation of ammonium ions and ammonia in cultures of tritrichomonas foetus and trichomonas vaginalis, including those resistant to metronida ... | 2004 | 15133073 |
| the plasma membrane of microaerophilic protists: oxidative and nitrosative stress. | the trans-plasma-membrane electrochemical potential of microaerophilic protists was monitored by the use of voltage-sensitive charged lipophilic fluorophores; of the many available probes, the anionic oxonol dye bis(1,3-dibarbituric acid)-trimethine oxonol [dibac(4)(3)] is an example of one which has been successfully employed using fluorescence microscopy, confocal laser-scanning microscopy and flow cytometry. several microaerophilic protists have been investigated with this dye; these were gia ... | 2004 | 15133079 |
| [influence of the metabolite produced by trichomonas vaginalis on human sperm motility in vitro]. | to investigate the effects of the metabolite produced by trichomonas vaginalis on human sperm motility in vitro. | 2004 | 15148923 |
| race and rage cloning in parasitic microbial eukaryotes. | many gene-cloning strategies and gene survey often provide partial sequence data. to exploit the information from these partial sequences numerous pcr-based approaches have been developed to clone full-length open reading frames. these approaches can be successful using small quantities of cdna or genomic dna as starting material and avoid the need to go through the complex and tedious process of constructing and screening gene libraries. here we present two of these approaches, called race and ... | 2004 | 15153626 |
| treatment of metronidazole-resistant trichomonas vaginalis with tinidazole: case reports of three patients. | metronidazole-resistant trichomonas vaginalis has been reported across the united states. some reports have suggested that clinically resistant cases could be increasing. currently, metronidazole is the only drug available to treat trichomoniasis, including resistant cases. in such cases, treatment usually consists of giving higher and more prolonged doses of metronidazole, which patients are often unable to tolerate. tinidazole, a second-generation nitroimidazole currently under development in ... | 2004 | 15167642 |
| comparison of latex agglutination, wet preparation, and culture for the detection of trichomonas vaginalis. | to compare the performance of three diagnostic methods for trichomonas vaginalis infection-latex agglutination, saline wet mount, and culture. | 2004 | 15170003 |
| monthly antibiotic chemoprophylaxis and incidence of sexually transmitted infections and hiv-1 infection in kenyan sex workers: a randomized controlled trial. | sexually transmitted infections (stis) are common in female sex workers (fsws) and may enhance susceptibility to infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). | 2004 | 15173146 |
| trichomonas vaginalis: cytochemical localization of a ntpdase1 and an ecto-5'-nucleotidase and effects of adenine nucleotides on cellular viability. | nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (ntpdase1), which hydrolyzes extracellular atp and adp, and ecto-5'-nucleotidase, which hydrolyzes amp, are characterized for trichomonas vaginalis. ultrastructural cytochemical microscopy showed ntpdase1 and ecto-5'-nucleotidase activities on the surface of the parasites. high levels of extracellular adenine nucleotides and adenosine did not exert cytolytic effects in intact cells of t. vaginalis. our results suggest that these enzymes are relevant f ... | 2004 | 15175877 |
| use of in vitro cytoadherence assays in the comparative study of the virulence of isolates of trichomonas vaginalis. | this study describes the use of bromo-deoxiuridine, a non-radioactive analogue of thymidine, to determine the adhesion of 40 t. vaginalis isolates, as compared with the clinical manifestations found in patients. parasite-labeling was optimized and label detection by immunoassay was carried out. bromo-deoxiuridine at 10 microm for 16 h produced the highest sensitivity. once optimized, the assay was able to detect between 3.12 x 10(3) and 4 x 10(5) parasites, with a detection limit of 9.14 x 10(2) ... | 2004 | 15185142 |
| involvement of multiple dna elements in iron-inducible transcription of the ap65-1 gene in the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis. | a reputed iron-responsive region, which contains multiple nuclear protein-binding dna sequences, was shown previously to regulate iron-inducible transcription of the ap65-1 gene in the protozoan pathogen, trichomonas vaginalis. these dna sequences include two overlapping myb recognition elements (mre-1/mre-2r) and three abutted t-tract elements. additional nuclear protein-binding dna sequences flanking the 5' (agtgaagtga) and 3' (mre-2f) of the iron-responsive region were identified in the prese ... | 2004 | 15186420 |
| genital syndromes and syndromic management of vaginal discharge in a community setting. | the objective of the study was to determine the community prevalence of genital syndromes in women and evaluate the syndromic management of vaginal discharge in this setting. a representative sample for the state of tamilnadu was chosen using probability proportional to size cluster technique. thirty clusters were selected from three districts. demographic, sexual behaviour, risk factors, clinical and laboratory data were collected from the selected population using a structured questionnaire. d ... | 2004 | 15186579 |
| two novel asparaginyl endopeptidase-like cysteine proteinases from the protist trichomonas vaginalis: their evolutionary relationship within the clan cd cysteine proteinases. | cysteine proteinases (cps) are important virulence factors of the protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis. a total of six genes coding for cathepsin l-like cps belonging to clan ca have been identified in t. vaginalis. at least 23 distinct spots with proteolytic activity have been detected by two-dimensional (2-d) substrate gel electrophoresis from in vitro grown parasites; however, only few of them have been characterized. in this work, we detected six spots with proteolytic activity and molec ... | 2004 | 15194187 |
| trichomonas vaginalis virulence against epithelial cells and morphological variability: the comparison between a well-established strain and a fresh isolate. | the fmvi strain of trichomonas vaginalis was freshly isolated from an asymptomatic patient, and its morphological properties and virulence in vitro compared with the well-established jt strain. the morphological variability of the parasites was assessed by differential interference microscopy and both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. the fmv1 strain presented nearly 20% amoeboid cells whereas the jt strain presented high percentages of ellipsoid but no amoeboid cells. the fmv1 morp ... | 2004 | 15205943 |
| tritrichomonas foetus induces apoptotic cell death in bovine vaginal epithelial cells. | tritrichomonas foetus is a serious veterinary pathogen, causing bovine trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted disease leading to infertility and abortion. t. foetus infects the mucosal surfaces of the reproductive tract. infection with t. foetus leads to apoptotic cell death of bovine vaginal epithelial cells (bvecs) in culture. an affinity-purified cysteine protease (cp) fraction yielding on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis a single band with an apparent molecular mass ... | 2004 | 15213160 |
| predictors of bacterial vaginosis in adolescent women who douche. | risk factors for bacterial vaginosis (bv) include douching and sexual activity, although the exact cause of bv is unknown. | 2004 | 15215700 |
| do people really know their sex partners? concurrency, knowledge of partner behavior, and sexually transmitted infections within partnerships. | an individual's risk of sexually transmitted infections (stis) has been associated empirically with the individual having concurrent sexual partners (individual's concurrency) and, theoretically, with the individual's partner having concurrent partners (partner's concurrency). | 2004 | 15215701 |
| fenticonazole nitrate for treatment of vulvovaginitis: efficacy, safety, and tolerability of 1-gram ovules, administered as ultra-short 2-day regimen. | because of its potential as a low cost first-line monotherapy for the most common vulvovaginal infections, we evaluated fenticonazole nitrate in a prospective, open-label, multicenter pilot study with 101 sexually active women (per-protocol; 16 to 61 years of age) with vulvovaginitis involving single or mixed infections with candida albicans, trichomonas vaginalis, and/or gardnerella vaginalis. fenticonazole nitrate (1 g) was administered as vaginal ovules, once daily on days 1 and 3. eradicatio ... | 2004 | 15216954 |
| mitochondrial-type assembly of fes centers in the hydrogenosomes of the amitochondriate eukaryote trichomonas vaginalis. | mitochondria are the site of assembly of fes centers of mitochondrial and cytosolic fes proteins. various microaerophilic or anaerobic unicellular eukaryotes lack typical mitochondria ("amitochondriate" protists). in some of these organisms, a metabolically different organelle, the hydrogenosome, is found, which is thought to derive from the same proteobacterial ancestor as mitochondria. here, we show that hydrogenosomes of trichomonas vaginalis, a human genitourinary parasite, contain a key enz ... | 2004 | 15226492 |
| performance of a new, rapid assay for detection of trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis infection is highly prevalent, may have serious health consequence, and is readily treatable. however, screening has been limited by currently available tests, which tend to be insensitive, expensive, or require a delay before results are reported. the xenostrip-tv (xenotope diagnostics, inc., san antonio, tex.) was evaluated on vaginal swab specimens from 936 women attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in seattle, wash. (n = 497), and birmingham, ala. (n = 439). t ... | 2004 | 15243042 |
| antibacterial activity of galeola foliata. | galeola foliata leaves and stem bark were successively extracted with petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol and methanol. a broad spectrum antibacterial activity (24 bacteria and protozoan) was exhibited by both parts. a very good level of activity was demonstrated by the ch2cl2 and etoac fractions. none of the fractions were active against the moulds. | 2004 | 15261387 |
| cryopreservation of protozoan parasites. | conventional methods for the propagation and preservation of parasites in vivo or in vitro have some limitations, including the need for labor, initial isolation and loss of strains, bacterial, and fungal contamination, and changes in the original biological and metabolic characteristics. all these disadvantages are considerably reduced by cryopreservation. in this study, we examined the effects of various freezing conditions on the survival of several protozoan parasites after cryopreservation. ... | 2004 | 14969677 |
| purification and analysis of a phospholipase a2-like lytic factor of trichomonas vaginalis. | trichomonas vaginalis produces soluble factors that have been reported to have the ability to damage target cells in vitro, and it has been hypothesized that these factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of human trichomoniasis. a lytic factor (lf) was purified from t. vaginalis, and the molecular characteristics of lf were determined. t. vaginalis extract was subjected to hydrophobic chromatography with a 10 to 60% n-propanol gradient in 0.1 m ammonium acetate, resulting in the elution of l ... | 2004 | 14977929 |
| production of interleukin-8 by human neutrophils stimulated with trichomonas vaginalis. | neutrophils are the predominant inflammatory cells found in the vaginal discharges of patients infected with trichomonas vaginalis. although chemoattractants, such as leukotriene b(4) and interleukin-8 (il-8), are found in the vaginal discharges of symptomatic trichomoniasis patients, little is known about the mechanism of how neutrophils accumulate or mediate initial inflammatory response after acute t. vaginalis infection. we examined il-8 production in neutrophils activated by t. vaginalis an ... | 2004 | 14977935 |
| [progress in researches on the laboratory diagnosis of nongonococcal urethritis]. | nongonococcal urethritis(ngu) is one of the common sexually transmitted diseases. chlamydia trachomatis is the commonest pathogen of ngu. ureaplasma urealyticum, mycoplasma genitalium, trichomonas vaginalis and other pathogens also account for some cases of ngu. with the development of molecular biology and immunology, more and more new techniques, such as pcr, lcr, etc., have been used in the researches on the laboratory diagnosis of ngu. it is necessary to establish and standardize some reliab ... | 2004 | 14979196 |
| the anaerobic chytridiomycete fungus piromyces sp. e2 produces ethanol via pyruvate:formate lyase and an alcohol dehydrogenase e. | anaerobic chytridiomycete fungi possess hydrogenosomes, which generate hydrogen and atp, but also acetate and formate as end-products of a prokaryotic-type mixed-acid fermentation. notably, the anaerobic chytrids piromyces and neocallimastix use pyruvate:formate lyase (pfl) for the catabolism of pyruvate, which is in marked contrast to the hydrogenosomal metabolism of the anaerobic parabasalian flagellates trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus, because these organisms decarboxylate pyr ... | 2004 | 14982632 |
| a divergent adp/atp carrier in the hydrogenosomes of trichomonas gallinae argues for an independent origin of these organelles. | the evolution of mitochondrial adp and atp exchanging proteins (aacs) highlights a key event in the evolution of the eukaryotic cell, as atp exporting carriers were indispensable in establishing the role of mitochondria as atp-generating cellular organelles. hydrogenosomes, i.e. atp- and hydrogen-generating organelles of certain anaerobic unicellular eukaryotes, are believed to have evolved from the same ancestral endosymbiont that gave rise to present day mitochondria. notably, the hydrogenosom ... | 2004 | 14982636 |
| synthesis, anti-mycobacterial, anti-trichomonas and anti-candida in vitro activities of 2-substituted-6,7-difluoro-3-methylquinoxaline 1,4-dioxides. | a new series of 23 6,7-difluoro-3-methyl-2-phenylthio/phenylsulfonyl/phenylsulfinyl/benzylamino/phenylamino-quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides variously substituted in the phenyl moiety, was synthesized and submitted to in vitro evaluation for anti-mycobacterial, anti-trichomonas, anti-candida, anti-mycoplasma and antibacterial activities. in anti-mycobacterial assays, several compounds resulted active (mic90 = 2.0-4.0 microg/ml) against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv. anti-trichomonas screening showed ... | 2004 | 14987828 |
| trichomonas vaginalis degrades nitric oxide and expresses a flavorubredoxin-like protein: a new pathogenic mechanism? | besides possessing many physiological roles, nitric oxide (no) produced by the immune system in infectious diseases has antimicrobial effects. trichomoniasis, the most widespread non-viral sexually transmitted disease caused by the microaerophilic protist trichomonas vaginalis, often evolves into a chronic infection, with the parasite able to survive in the microaerobic, no-enriched vaginal environment. we relate this property to the finding that t. vaginalis degrades no under anaerobic conditio ... | 2004 | 15004700 |
| vaginal tampons as specimen collection device for the molecular diagnosis of non-ulcerative sexually transmitted infections in antenatal clinic attendees. | self-inserted vaginal tampons for the molecular diagnosis of non-ulcerative stis were evaluated. cervical and vaginal swabs, tampons and urines were collected from 185 first-time antenatal clinic attendees. cultures and nucleic acid amplification assays (naa) were performed. the sensitivity of pcr on tampons for trichomonas vaginalis was with 94% (ci 85-98%) significantly higher (p<0.001) than culture (50%, ci 38-62%) or urine (53%, ci 41-65%). neisseria gonorrhoeae culture had a sensitivity of ... | 2004 | 15006070 |
| prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases and human immunodeficiency virus among women attending prenatal services in apia, samoa. | there is no routine prenatal screening for sexually transmitted diseases (stds) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in pregnancy in samoa. testing for chlamydial infection is not available. to gather information on pregnant women, a prevalence survey was conducted in apia, samoa, utilizing two prenatal hospital clinics. pregnant (n=427) women were tested for neisseria gonorrhoeae, chlamydia trachomatis and trichomonas vaginalis using polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and for syphilis (n=441) b ... | 2004 | 15006074 |
| newborn with suppurative nasal discharge and respiratory distress. | 2004 | 15014318 | |
| genetic variability between trichomonas vaginalis isolates and correlation with clinical presentation. | the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) technique was used to determine genetic differences among isolates of trichomonas vaginalis and these genetic data were correlated with patient records. a panel of 10 random primers was used to determine the type and extent of intraspecific polymorphism in 40 isolates of t. vaginalis. all primers detected dna polymorphism among isolates. numerical analysis of 124 rapd amplified bands generated by these 10 primers were carried out with the unweighted pa ... | 2004 | 15019590 |
| human papillomavirus cervical infection in guarani indians from the rainforest of misiones, argentina. | to evaluate the prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv) cervical infection in women from the south american guarani indian tribe located in the rain forest of misiones, north-eastern argentina; a region with a high incidence of cervical carcinoma. | 2004 | 14690776 |
| [electron microscopic study on trichomonas vaginalis adhering to and phagocytizing male genitourinary epithelial cells]. | to observe trichomonas vaginalis (t. vaginalis) adhering to and phagocytizing male genitourinary epithelial cells in order to study the pathogenetic mechanism of male trichomoniasis. | 2004 | 15027177 |
| monoclonal antibodies against a 62 kda proteinase of trichomonas vaginalis decrease parasite cytoadherence to epithelial cells and confer protection in mice. | trichomonas vaginalis infects the epithelium of the genital tract. the mechanism by which it invades the tissue leading to the disease is not thoroughly understood. however, results of several studies seem to agree that parasite adhesion to epithelium cells is the initial step leading to infection in women. t. vaginalis is associated with high levels of proteolytic activity. the role of some of these proteinases in the development of infection has been demonstrated. the current study establishes ... | 2004 | 15279622 |
| trichomonas vaginalis-induced apoptosis in raw264.7 cells is regulated through bcl-xl, but not bcl-2. | the purpose of this study was to determine whether anti-apoptotic proteins of the bcl-2 family such as bcl-2 and bcl-x(l), proteins that confer resistance to apoptotic death from some stimuli, block apoptotic cell death in raw264.7 cells upon treatment with trichomonas vaginalis. in this study, the expression level of bcl-2 was unchanged throughout the course of apoptotic cell death, and overexpressed bcl-2 did not prevent release of cytochrome c, the significant change of the membrane potential ... | 2004 | 15279625 |
| trichomonas vaginalis ribosomal dna: analysis of the intergenic region and mapping of the transcription start point. | 2004 | 15279964 | |
| [rapd analysis on different isolates of trichomonas vaginalis]. | to study genetic polymorphism of dna on seven isolates of trichomonas vaginalis. | 2004 | 15281450 |
| detection of trichomoniasis in vaginal specimens by both conventional and modern molecular tools. | out of 23 symptomatic cases 21 specimens were positive for t. vaginalis by one or more methods. 21 were positive by pcr (91.3%) and 17 (72.9%) by culture, 14 (60.8%) by acridine orange (ao) stain and 13 (56.5%) by wet mount microscopy. the pcr detected all the positive cases and no pcr negative cases proved to be positive by any other technique. so, it is the test of choice for diagnosis of trichomoniasis. the modified diamond's media proved to be highly sensitive (80.95%) and the results of the ... | 2004 | 15287181 |
| [trichomonas vaginalis infections: use of roiron medium culture in routine diagnosis]. | 2004 | 15297247 | |
| evaluation of xenostrip-tv, a rapid diagnostic test for trichomonas vaginalis infection. | an immunochromatographic strip test, xenostrip-tv, was compared to wet mount and pcr for the diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infection in women. of 428 specimens tested, 54 (12.6%) were positive by an "expanded gold standard," defined as either a positive wet mount and pcr test with primers tvk3 and tvk7 and/or a positive pcr test confirmed by a second pcr assay with primers tva5-1 and tva6; 26 (6%) were positive by wet mount, and 36 (8.4%) were positive by xenostrip-tv test. since the xenost ... | 2004 | 15297548 |
| [nitric oxide and anti-protozoan chemotherapy]. | constitutive nitric oxide (no) is generated by constitutively expressed types of no-synthase enzymes (nos-i and -iii), being involved in physiological processes such as nervous transmission and vasodilatation. inducible no, synthesized by the no-synthase isoform nos-ii, is an anti-pathogen and tumoricidal agent. however, inducible no production requires a tight control because of cytotoxic and immune-modulation activity. no produced by human and canine macrophages has long been demonstrated to b ... | 2004 | 15305696 |
| silencing the ap65 gene reduces adherence to vaginal epithelial cells by trichomonas vaginalis. | host parasitism by trichomonas vaginalis is complex and in part mediated by adherence to vaginal epithelial cells (vecs). four trichomonad surface proteins bind vecs as adhesins, and ap65 is a major adhesin with sequence identity to an enzyme of the hydrogenosome organelle that is involved in energy generation. in order to perform genetic analysis and assess the role of ap65 in t. vaginalis adherence, we silenced expression of ap65 using antisense rna. the gene for ap65 was inserted into the vec ... | 2004 | 15306014 |
| reactive nitrogen intermediates in experimental trichomoniasis induced with isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic women. | trichomoniasis is the interplay between the infecting parasite, trichomonas vaginalis, and the host, on which the clinical presentation of the disease depends. although the clinical spectrum varies from an asymptomatic state to mild, moderate or severe symptoms, the exact virulence markers of t. vaginalis have not been well elucidated. free radical generation during the disease process and its role in pathogenesis has been reported in various microbial diseases. in the present study, an attempt ... | 2004 | 15309620 |
| pediatric management problems. trichomonas vaginalis. | 2004 | 15311649 | |
| surface properties and in vitro cytopathic effect of various strains of trichomonas vaginalis. | the in vitro cytopathic effect of four strains of trichomonas vaginalis on cultured epithelial monolayers was analyzed through electrophysiology and electron microscopy. interaction of trichomonads of two virulent strains (gt-10 and gt-13) with cultured mdck cell monolayers mounted in ussing chambers produced a rapid decrease in transepithelial resistance to less than 30% of control values after only 15 min. by 30 min the electrical resistance was practically abolished by the virulent parasites. ... | 2004 | 15311677 |
| cytokine expression pattern in the genital tract of chlamydia trachomatis positive infertile women - implication for t-cell responses. | human genital infection caused by chlamydia trachomatis is thought to be immunologically mediated, resulting in local recruitment of lymphocyte subsets and inducing the production of cytokines. little information is available about the role of lymphocyte recruitment and the regulation of cytokine production in the genital tract of c. trachomatis positive infertile women. we have evaluated the recruitment of lymphocyte subsets in the genital tract and production of th1/th2 cytokines in cervical s ... | 2004 | 15320905 |
| [use of arilin (dr.wolff) in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis and trichomoniasis during the period of 01.10.2003-31.12.2003]. | 2004 | 15323317 | |
| [the role of parasites and fungi in secondary infertility]. | parasite-host relationships can cause diminished or absent ability to conceive, ectopic pregnancy or pregnancy with undesired course. | 2004 | 15327187 |
| activities of dicationic compounds against trichomonas vaginalis. | we evaluated 44 novel cationic compounds for activity against metronidazole-sensitive and -resistant trichomonas vaginalis isolates. six compounds in three different structural classes demonstrated 50% inhibitory concentrations as low as 1 microm against both sensitive and resistant isolates, suggesting a mode of action independent of parasite biochemical pathways that confer resistance to 5-nitroimidazoles. | 2004 | 15328138 |
| recent pharmacological advances in the treatment of preterm membrane rupture, labour and delivery. | preterm delivery (before 37 completed weeks of gestation) is the major determinant of infant mortality. in women with a previous preterm birth associated with bacterial vaginosis, prophylactic antibiotics (e.g., metronidazole) reduce the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight. trichomonas vaginalis increases the risk of preterm delivery, but metronidazole is not beneficial for this and may even be detrimental. antibiotic use (e.g., erythromycin) prolongs pregnancy in late premature rupture a ... | 2004 | 15330729 |
| malic enzymes of trichomonas vaginalis: two enzyme families, two distinct origins. | the cytosolic malic enzyme of the amitochondriate protist trichomonas vaginalis was purified to homogeneity and characterized. the corresponding gene was sequenced and compared with its hydrogenosomal homologue from the same organism. the enzymes were found to differ in coenzyme specificity, molecular mass and physiological role. the cytosolic malic enzyme is a dimer consisting of two 42-kda subunits with strict specificity for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadp(+)), and has a pre ... | 2004 | 15033531 |
| tinidazole (tindamax) - a new anti-protozoal drug. | 2004 | 15375353 | |
| trichomoniasis in men and hiv infection: data from 2 outpatient clinics at lilongwe central hospital, malawi. | little is known about the epidemiologic profile of trichomoniasis in men and its relationship to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. among men presenting for care for symptomatic sexually transmitted infections (stis) in malawi, trichomoniasis is not considered for first-line treatment. | 2004 | 15378437 |
| enhanced immunocompetent cells in chlamydial cervicitis. | to investigate changes in cell-mediated immunophenotypes by flow cytometry in endocervical secretions and peripheral blood in women with chlamydia trachomatis infection. | 2004 | 15457858 |
| clinical evaluation of affirm vpiii in the detection and identification of trichomonas vaginalis, gardnerella vaginalis, and candida species in vaginitis/vaginosis. | to compare the affirm vpiii microbial identification test for detection and identification of candida species, gardnerella vaginalis and trichomonas vaginalis to clinical and microscopic criteria commonly used to diagnose vaginitis. | 2004 | 15460191 |
| association of trichomonas vaginalis with sociodemographic factors and other stds among female inmates in lisbon. | a study on stds was conducted among 211 female inmates in a prison in lisbon, portugal, in order to establish possible associations between trichomonas vaginalis infection, sociodemographic factors and other stds. t. vaginalis was found in 31.2% of the women, from whom only 65.1% presented symptoms. it was more frequently isolated in the 20-40 year age group. on univariate analysis there was an association, although not statistically significant, between the existence of t. vaginalis, multiple s ... | 2004 | 15339370 |
| involvement of map kinases in apoptosis of macrophage treated with trichomonas vaginalis. | a primitive protozoan parasite trichomonas vaginalis selectively activates the signal transduction pathways in macrophages (raw264.7). this study evaluated the correlation of these signaling pathways and t. vaginalis-induced cell apoptosis. in macrophages infected with t. vaginalis, apoptosis was assessed on the basis of dna fragmentation on agarose gel electrophoresis. infection of macrophages with t. vaginalis induced tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins. infected cells with t. vaginal ... | 2004 | 15344222 |
| rapid review of liquid-based smears as a quality control measure. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a standardized method of rapid review (rr) of monolayer preparations for the identification of abnormalities, the presence of an endocervical component and infectious agents. a total of 200 thinprep (cytyc, boxborough, ma) slides representing the spectrum of abnormalities commonly encountered in cervical/vaginal cytologic specimens was retrieved from archive. the study set comprised 129 cases within normal limits (wnl); 36 low-g ... | 2004 | 15349981 |
| pyruvate formate lyase (pfl) and pfl activating enzyme in the chytrid fungus neocallimastix frontalis: a free-radical enzyme system conserved across divergent eukaryotic lineages. | fermentative formate production involves the activity of pyruvate formate lyase, an oxygen-sensitive enzyme that employs a glycyl radical in its reaction mechanism. while common among anaerobic prokaryotes, this enzyme has so far been found in only two distantly related eukaryotic lineages, anaerobic chytridiomycetes and chlorophytes. sequence comparisons of homologues from the chytridiomycetes piromyces and neocallimastix, the chlorophyte chlamydomonas, and numerous prokaryotes suggest a single ... | 2004 | 15352329 |
| trichomonas vaginalis: characterization of a 39-kda cysteine proteinase found in patient vaginal secretions. | trichomonosis, a chronic sexually transmitted disease, remains a public health problem affecting yearly over 170 million people worldwide. this disease is caused by trichomonas vaginalis, a protozoan flagellate rich in cysteine proteinases (cps). although cps are involved in trichomonal cytopathogenicity, only few of them have been defined as virulence factors. in this study, we characterize a t. vaginalis 39-kda proteinase (cp39) found in vaginal secretions from patients with trichomonosis. the ... | 2004 | 15363938 |
| aetiology of male urethritis in patients recruited from a population with a high hiv prevalence. | the aetiology of urethritis, the significance of potential pathogens and the relation of urethritis to hiv infection were determined in 335 men (cases) with and 100 men (controls) without urethral symptoms. urethral swab specimens were tested for different organisms by pcr or by culture for neisseria gonorrhoeae. the prevalence of n. gonorrhoeae and chlamydia trachomatis was 52 and 16%, respectively. the potential pathogens: mycoplasma genitalium, ureaplasma urealyticum, trichomonas vaginalis an ... | 2004 | 15364299 |
| the role of unusual pathogens in prostatitis syndrome. | a total of 1442 patients with symptoms of chronic prostatitis were examined over a 4-year period at the outpatient department for urogenital infections, university hospital for infectious diseases "dr. fran mihaljevic", zagreb, croatia. an infectious aetiology was determined in 1070 (74.2%) patients. in 561 of 1070 (52.4%) patients the inflammatory finding (>10 wbc/hpf) was found in expressed prostatic secretions (eps) or voided bladder urine (vb(3)). normal, <10 wbcs/hpf was found in 362 of 536 ... | 2004 | 15364308 |
| prevalence of hiv, syphilis, chlamydia trachomatis, neisseria gonorrhoea, trichomonas vaginalis and candidiasis among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in khartoum, sudan. | antenatal screening and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (stis) has shown some benefits in countries where the practice is adopted. to date the prevalence of stis in the sudan is unknown. our aims were to establish the prevalence of stis among pregnant women in khartoum (sudan), to identify any risk factors and to suggest management. one hundred and fifty-one pregnant women were recruited for the study in an antenatal clinic in khartoum in 1999. the prevalence of chlamydia trachomat ... | 2004 | 15369929 |
| trichomonas vaginalis: random amplified polymorphic dna analysis of isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic women in india. | trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent for human trichomoniasis, is a protozoan parasite. trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease. the infection in women may be asymptomatic or may lead to severe vaginitis, cervicitis and severe sequelae. despite its high prevalence, the genetic variability and factors leading to symptomatic infection have been poorly understood. one thousand women in childbearing age group were screened for the presence of t vaginalis. thirt ... | 2004 | 15468533 |
| microbial and cytopathological study of intrauterine contraceptive device users. | intrauterine contraceptive device (iucd) is a commonly used birth-spacing method which is fitted into maternal system. clinical, microbial and cytopathological monitoring of women using these devices are important for ascertaining their side effects, risk of genital tract infection and carcinogenic potential. | 2004 | 15470281 |
| molecular and phylogenetic characterization of syntaxin genes from parasitic protozoa. | vesicular transport is an integral process in eukaryotic cells and the syntaxins, a member of the snare protein superfamily, are a critical piece of the vesicular transport machinery. we have obtained syntaxin homologues from diverse protozoan parasites (including entamoeba, giardia, trichomonas and trypanosoma), determined the paralogue affinity of the homologues by molecular phylogenetics and compared functionally critical amino acid sites identified in other syntaxins. surprisingly, three seq ... | 2004 | 15478792 |
| treatment of infections caused by metronidazole-resistant trichomonas vaginalis. | infections with the sexually transmitted protozoan trichomonas vaginalis are usually treated with metronidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole drug derived from the antibiotic azomycin. metronidazole treatment is generally efficient in eliminating t. vaginalis infection and has a low risk of serious side effects. however, studies have shown that at least 5% of clinical cases of trichomoniasis are caused by parasites resistant to the drug. the lack of approved alternative therapies for t. vaginalis treatmen ... | 2004 | 15489348 |
| trichomoniasis. | trichomoniasis is perhaps the most common curable sexually transmitted disease worldwide, yet few resources are devoted to its control. it is associated with potentially serious complications such as preterm birth and human immunodeficiency virus acquisition and transmission. the immunology of a related organism, tritrichomonas foetus, which causes disease in cattle, has been investigated to some extent, but more work is needed for the human strain, trichomonas vaginalis. in addition, although t ... | 2004 | 15489349 |
| infections of the lower female genital tract during childhood and adolescence. | to review the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of lower female genital tract infections at a young age. | 2004 | 15491059 |
| targeted screening for trichomonas vaginalis with culture using a two-step method in women presenting for std evaluation. | trichomonas vaginalis is the most common nonviral sexually transmitted pathogen. wet mount microscopy performs poorly compared with culture; however, universal screening using culture would be cost-prohibitive. | 2004 | 15502673 |
| reproductive tract infections in rural women from the highlands, jungle, and coastal regions of peru. | to define the prevalences and manifestations of reproductive tract infections (rtis) in rural peruvian women. | 2004 | 15508193 |
| non-mitochondrial complex i proteins in a hydrogenosomal oxidoreductase complex. | trichomonas vaginalis is a unicellular microaerophilic eukaryote that lacks mitochondria yet contains an alternative organelle, the hydrogenosome, involved in pyruvate metabolism. pathways between the two organelles differ substantially: in hydrogenosomes, pyruvate oxidation is catalysed by pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase (pfor), with electrons donated to an [fe]-hydrogenase which produces hydrogen. atp is generated exclusively by substrate-level phosphorylation in hydrogenosomes, as opposed ... | 2004 | 15510149 |
| trichomonads under microscopy. | trichomonads are flagellate protists, and among them trichomonas vaginalis and tritrichomonas foetus are the most studied because they are parasites of the urogenital tract of humans and cattle, respectively. microscopy provides new insights into the cell biology and morphology of these parasites, and thus allows better understanding of the main aspects of their physiology. here, we review the ultrastructure of t. foetus and t. vaginalis, stressing the participation of the axostyle in the proces ... | 2004 | 15525428 |
| trichomonas vaginalis inhibits proinflammatory cytokine production in macrophages by suppressing nf-kappab activation. | activation of nf-kappab leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as il-12 and tnf-alpha that are involved in innate and adaptive immunity. we determined whether t. vaginalis-induced inflammatory response in macrophages associated with nf-kappab. t. vaginalis adhesion led to transient nf-kappab activation at 6 h but activation declined dramatically by 8 h. super-shift assays showed that the gel-shifted complexes consisted of p65 (rel a) and p50 (nf-kappab1). nf-kappab activation ... | 2004 | 15528993 |
| chronic prostatitis: charlottesville to seattle. | since few men with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (cp/cpps) have culturable bacteria by traditional approaches, we used sensitive molecular methods to determine presence of fastidious microorganisms. | 2004 | 15538207 |
| barriers to infectious disease care among lesbians. | despite the considerable number of women in the united states who identify as lesbian, few data exist that address lesbians' health needs. the institute of medicine emphasized that data on sexually transmitted infections, pap smear screening, and cervical dysplasia among lesbians were needed to guide clinical practice, policy development, and patient education. use of surveillance data for this purpose is limited because risk classifications exclude same-gender sex among women or subsume it unde ... | 2004 | 15550210 |
| health risk factors among detained adolescent females. | to identify the prevalence of health risk factors among a sample of detained adolescent females and determine whether there are racial/ethnic differences. | 2004 | 15556741 |
| comparative in vitro cytotoxic effects of ornidazole, metronidazole and ciprofloxacin against trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites. | a strain of trichomonas vaginalis, isolated from a patient complaining of vaginal discharge, was incubated and cultivated to compare the in vitro effects of ornidazole, metronidazole and ciprofloxacin on t. vaginalis trophozoites in terms of minimal inhibition concentrations (mics) and minimal lethal concentrations (mlcs). mic levels at 24 hours for ornidazole, metronidazole and ciprofloxacin were 50 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 750 mg/ml. corresponding mlc levels were the same. in this in vitro study, ... | 2004 | 15565912 |
| local antigen in serodiagnosis of trichomoniasis vaginalis. | 2004 | 15573226 | |
| trichomonas hydrogenosomes contain the nadh dehydrogenase module of mitochondrial complex i. | hydrogenosomes are double-membraned atp-producing and hydrogen-producing organelles of diverse anaerobic eukaryotes. in some versions of endosymbiotic theory they are suggested to be homologues of mitochondria, but alternative views suggest they arose from an anaerobic bacterium that was distinct from the mitochondrial endosymbiont. here we show that the 51-kda and 24-kda subunits of the nadh dehydrogenase module in complex i, the first step in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, are active in ... | 2004 | 15577909 |
| growth patterns and antigenic analysis of egyptian trichomonas vaginalis isolates. | the vaginal washouts from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients were examined by wet mount examination and culture on modified tym medium. among the 320 cases examined, 10 were positive for t. vaginalis trophozoites by wet mount examination and culture. modified tym medium proved very satisfactory for isolation as well as maintenance of the 10 t. vaginalis isolates. comparison between the growth patterns of all isolates, by counting the number of viable organisms every 24 hours for 7 days, showe ... | 2004 | 15587311 |
| cryopreservation of trichomonas vaginalis: a trial of using four different cryoprotectants. | to reach the maximum survival rate of trichomonas vaginalis after cryopreservation, four substances: dimethylsulphoxide (dmso), glycerol, egg yolk and horse serum were used as cryoprotectants. t. vaginalis trophozoites, in the logarithmic phase, cultured on tym-s medium were used. rapid and slow freezing schedules were followed. examinations for viable organisms were done after a month duration in liquid nitrogen. immediate and delayed thawing were tried. viability scores depended on the presenc ... | 2004 | 15587319 |
| biological variability of trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. | the vaginal specimens of sixty women were cultured using modified thioglycolate medium. thirteen samples were positive for trichomonas vaginalis 21.7%. pathogenicity of these clinical isolates was investigated by intra-peritoneal injection to mice. additionally, their susceptibility to metronidazole was evaluated. all the clinical isolates produced infection in mice but marked variations in pathogenicity and susceptibility were observed. four out of 13 isolates (30.8%) produced mortality in mice ... | 2004 | 15587322 |
| [frequency of vaginal infections in pregnant women in the department of perinatology and gynaecology in zabrze]. | the analysis of vaginal infections in pregnant women admitted to the department of perinatology and gynaecology in zabrze, from january 2001 to september 2003. | 2004 | 15751213 |
| experience with routine vaginal ph testing in a family practice setting. | despite recommendations by centers for disease control and the american college of obstetricians and gynecologists, ph testing is infrequently performed during the evaluation of vaginitis. consequently, little information exists on its use in a primary care setting. | 2004 | 15739819 |
| diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections (sti) using self-collected non-invasive specimens. | paramount in control of transmission of sexually transmitted infections (stis) is their prompt recognition and appropriate treatment. in countries where definitive diagnoses are difficult, a 'syndromic approach' to management of stis is recommended and practiced, yet many stis have common symptoms or are asymptomatic and therefore go undetected and untreated. this is of particular concern with the recognition that hiv transmission is increased with co-existent stis: the attributable risk for eac ... | 2004 | 16334994 |
| evaluation of cervical smears at king hussein medical centre, jordan, over three and a half years. | cervical smears taken from women referred for a check-up or with vaginal itching/discharge over a period of 3.5 years were reviewed at the king hussein medical centre, jordan. all smears were fixed with 96% alcohol, stained with papanicolaou stain and screened microscopically. of the smears from 1176 women aged 18-70 years, 4.5% were classified as inadequate, 7.7% were normal and 79.9% showed non-specific inflammation. abnormal vaginal flora was found in 4.8% of cases, candida albicans in 1.2%, ... | 2004 | 16335662 |
| bacterial vaginosis and intravaginal practices: association with hiv. | to determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and to identify risk factors associated with this condition among urban women in harare, zimbabwe. | 2004 | 15881309 |
| [study on surface adhesion protein 33 gene sequence of different trichomonas vaginalis isolates]. | to study genetic polymorphism of surface adhesion protein 33 (ap33) gene on the seven isolates of trichomonas vaginalis. | 2004 | 15830862 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of a rac1 homologue cdna from trichomonas vaginalis. | to clone and characterize a rac1 homologue from trichomonas vaginalis for studying cell cycle of the organism. | 2004 | 15830884 |
| [routine examination of leukorrhea in 3347 patients with trichomonal vaginitis]. | 2004 | 15830896 | |
| prevalence of candida albicans and trichomonas vaginalis in pregnant women in havana city by an immunologic latex agglutination test. | we aimed to estimate the prevalence of candida albicans and trichomonas vaginalis in immunocompetent pregnant women living in havana city, cuba, with or without symptoms of vaginitis, using a sample of 640 women from 6 gyneco-obstetrics hospitals, which represents 2.5% of total yearly pregnant women. diagnosis was made using a new latex agglutination kit (newvagin c-kure, la habana, cuba). clinical sensitivity and specificity of this assay were validated against culture method, with 467 and 489 ... | 2004 | 15775877 |
| aetiological agents of vaginitis in nigerian women. | this study focuses on the identification of aetiological agents of vaginitis in nigerian women. study subjects are drawn from patients presenting with lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge and itching at the gynaecology clinic of lagos university teaching hospital and at the clinical centre of the nigerian institute of medical research, yaba, lagos, between january 2001 and july 2002. a total of 250 patients gave informed consent to participate in the study. the patients also had pre- and post ... | 2004 | 15649008 |
| sexually transmitted infections and increased risk of co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus. | the incidence of trichomoniasis (trichomonas vaginalis) in the united states is estimated at 5 million cases annually; chlamydia (chlamydia trachomatis) at 3 million; gonorrhea (neisseria gonorrhoeae), 650,000; and syphilis (treponema pallidum), 70,000. however, most sexually transmitted infections (stis) are asymptomatic-contributing to underdiagnosis estimated at 50% or more. diagnosis of an sti signals sexual health risk because an sti facilitates the transmission and acquisition of other sti ... | 2004 | 15653780 |