Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the gene coding for small ribosomal subunit rna in the basidiomycete ustilago maydis contains a group i intron. | the nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for small ribosomal subunit rna in the basidiomycete ustilago maydis was determined. it revealed the presence of a group i intron with a length of 411 nucleotides. this is the third occurrence of such an intron discovered in a small subunit rrna gene encoded by a eukaryotic nuclear genome. the other two occurrences are in pneumocystis carinii, a fungus of uncertain taxonomic status, and ankistrodesmus stipitatus, a green alga. the nucleotides of the con ... | 1992 | 1561081 |
| immunodeficiency in methylmalonic acidaemia. | three chinese infants with methylmalonic acidaemia were described. they presented in the neonatal period with recurrent episodes of poor feeding, lethargy, apnoea and severe acidosis. the diagnosis was established by increased methylmalonic acid concentration in the plasma and/or urine. pancytopenia was a prominent feature in all three patients. only patient three had assessment of lymphocyte subsets and it showed diminished population of b-lymphocytes and a reversed cd4/cd8 ratio. all three pat ... | 1992 | 1562372 |
| procoagulant and fibrinolytic activities in bronchoalveolar fluid of hiv-positive and hiv-negative patients. | imbalance between intra-alveolar procoagulant activity (pca) and fibrinolytic activity may lead to fibrin deposition, as described in several pneumopathies, and may eventually contribute to fibrotic changes as observed in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). the aim of our study was to compare these activities in bronchoalveolar lavages of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive and hiv-negative patients. the material comprised: a) controls (n = 7); b) hiv-positive patients subdivided into ... | 1992 | 1563500 |
| aerosolized pentamidine: a well-tolerated mode of prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in older children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | aerosolized pentamidine has been recommended as an alternative mode of antipneumocystis prophylaxis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole intolerance. however, there have been no definitive data concerning the most appropriate dose and the tolerance of aerosolized pentamidine in children. in the present study, we assessed the tolerance of aerosolized pentamidine in older children using a regimen similar to the one recommended in adults. a 300-mg dos ... | 1992 | 1565553 |
| diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis complicating hiv infection: superiority of sputum smear over bronchoalveolar lavage. | tuberculosis should be prominently considered in the differential diagnosis when an hiv-infected patient has respiratory symptoms. sputum smears and culture for acid-fast organisms should always be obtained. fiberoptic bronchoscopy to exclude other concurrent opportunistic infections is appropriate because pneumocystis carinii complicates as many as 25% of the cases of pulmonary tb, but acid-fast sputum smears should always be obtained. it should not be assumed that bronchoalveolar lavage is sup ... | 1992 | 1566155 |
| trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus pentamidine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients: results of a large prospective randomized treatment trial. | to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) with pentamidine in the therapy of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with aids. | 1992 | 1567574 |
| the prevalence of invasive amebiasis is not increased in patients with aids. | to determine whether the frequency or severity of invasive amebiasis is increased in patients with aids. | 1992 | 1567575 |
| a simple scoring system to diagnose pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in high-risk individuals. | 1992 | 1567583 | |
| [a case of new type scrub typhus (tsutsugamushi disease) presenting with acute respiratory failure and hemophagocytic syndrome]. | a 47-year-old male was referred to our hospital with persistent high fever. he had received antibiotics (aspc) for the diagnosis of acute infectious disease, which failed to respond, and subsequently developed marked lymphocytopenia and thrombocytopenia. during his hospitalization, hypoxic respiratory failure rapidly developed. a bone marrow aspiration revealed marked hemophagocytosis, leading to the tentative diagnosis of opportunistic respiratory infection associated with malignant histiocytos ... | 1992 | 1569724 |
| decision analysis: treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids. | controversy exists as to the most appropriate drug for the initial treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. decision analysis can be used to evaluate the choice between parenteral pentamidine and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. sensitivity and threshold analyses illustrate how the choice is affected by the probabilities of success and adverse reactions, as well as by the values placed by the patient and practitioner on treatment outcomes ... | 1992 | 1570229 |
| thoracic disease in the immunocompromised patient. | thoracic disease in the hiv negative immunocompromised host is most frequently caused by infection. patterns of involvement produced on the chest radiograph include (1) lobar or segmental consolidation, (2) nodules with rapid growth and/or cavitation, and (3) diffuse lung disease. the lung also may be directly involved by lymphoma, metastases, drug reactions, radiation pneumonitis, or nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis. the lung is a frequent target organ for opportunistic infections in aids p ... | 1992 | 1570394 |
| salvage therapy with clindamycin/primaquine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | clindamycin/primaquine is effective for treating mild-to-moderate cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with aids. we retrospectively reviewed our experience with this combination among patients in whom conventional therapy had failed or was not tolerated. twenty-six patients who experienced 28 episodes of pcp received salvage therapy with clindamycin/primaquine at two university-affiliated medical centers. clindamycin was administered intravenously, (usually 900 mg every 8 h ... | 1992 | 1571426 |
| the long-term effects of aerosol pentamidine on pulmonary function. the toronto aerosolized pentamidine study (taps) group. | aerosolized pentamidine (ap) has been widely used for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) since 1988. the objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of ap on pulmonary function. of 36 patients with aids who were receiving ap for secondary prophylaxis of pcp, 13 patients had been using ap continuously for more than 52 weeks. ap was given using a fisoneb ultrasonic nebulizer with five loading doses of 60 mg over two weeks, followed by one dose of 60 mg every two ... | 1992 | 1572106 |
| inoculated mouse model of pneumocystis carinii infection. | a transtracheally inoculated mouse model of pneumocystis carinii has been developed using balb/c mice. the advantage of this strain of mice include that they are widely available, inexpensive, and were not infected with pneumocystis before inoculation. inoculated mice that were not treated had a mean infectivity score of 4.1 compared with inoculated mice treated with the effective anti-pneumocystis drug combination of trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole, which had a mean infectivity score of 0.1, ... | 1992 | 1572137 |
| detection of antibodies to pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by immunoreactivity to pneumocystis carinii within alveoli, granulomas, and disseminated sites. | although pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most common major opportunistic infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), its immunopathogenesis is not fully understood. it is known that anti-pneumocystis antibodies are present in the sera of individuals with and without pcp. in order to determine whether anti-pneumocystis antibodies are also present in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (bal), we looked for them, by immunoreactivity with tissue sections of intra-alveolar p. car ... | 1992 | 1574487 |
| pneumocystis carinii of the orbit. | 1992 | 1575242 | |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids and prolonged fever]. | pneumonia by pneumocystis carinii (npc) presents a high incidence in the evolution of patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). common clinical signs include fever, dry cough and dyspnea, in the presence of pulmonar interstitial affection with several degrees of hypoxemia. one hundred and sixteen patients with npc and infection by hiv were diagnosed between december 1986 and january 1990. criteria of persistent fever was established in 10 of them (8.7%), with normal thoracic r ... | 1992 | 1576315 |
| radiology of aids in the pediatric patient. | the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) has involved the pediatric age group and is especially prevalent in babies born of mothers who are intravenous drug abusers or prostitutes. approximately 30% of children born to mothers who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) will develop hiv infection. there are several important differences in children and adults with aids. the incubation period of the disease is shorter, and initial clinical manifestations occur earlier in ... | 1992 | 1576831 |
| disseminated penicillium marneffei infection in hiv-infected subject. | penicillium marneffei is a rare human pathogen predominantly affecting residents of south-east asia. we report four fatal cases from hong kong in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. the diagnosis was established by histological examination and confirmed by isolation of the fungus. the infection was disseminated with involvement of lymph nodes, liver, spleen, lung, intestine and bone marrow. the involved organs showed an exclusively anergic tissue reaction characterized by a diffuse i ... | 1992 | 1577408 |
| cytology of extrapulmonary pneumocystis carinii infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | rare cases of extrapulmonary pneumocystis carinii (eppc) have been seen in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). we report seven such diagnoses of nonpulmonary p carinii (pc) from four aids patients between 1986 and 1989. the specimens included fine needle aspirate of liver, spleen, periarticular tissue and pleura as well as ankle fluid, pleural fluid and ascites. in some, but not all, cases the patients had concurrent or previous episodes of pc pneumonia. in all cases the typ ... | 1992 | 1580133 |
| a new drug (566c80) for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1992 | 1580456 | |
| t cell immunodeficiency in dyskeratosis congenita. | dyskeratosis congenita has been found to be associated with abnormal immune function. in this study we report a patient with this association. he developed pneumocystis carinii interstitial pneumonia, and impaired cell mediated immunity was confirmed by the presence of depressed lymphoproliferative responses to in vitro stimulation with mitogen. enumeration of t cell subsets showed a severely depressed cd4:cd8 ratio (0.38), which is the likely cause for impaired cell mediated immunity. the t cel ... | 1992 | 1580685 |
| otic and ophthalmic pneumocystosis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. report of a case and review of the literature. | a case of primary pneumocystis carinii infection involving the left middle ear of a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is described, and the literature on the otic and ophthalmic pneumocystosis is reviewed. otic pneumocystosis typically presents as a unilateral polypoid mass, and it is clinically manifested as otalgia, hearing loss, or, sometimes, otorrhea without evidence of current respiratory disease or previous pneumocystis pneumonia. in contrast, choroidal pneumocystosis usuall ... | 1992 | 1580753 |
| ultrasonic findings in visceral pneumocystis carinii infection in aids. | 1992 | 1581799 | |
| concurrent bacterial lung infection in patients with aids, pcp, and respiratory failure. | to determine and compare the incidence of concurrent bacterial lung infection in intubated and nonintubated patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) requiring medical intensive care unit (micu) admission for support of their respiratory function. | 1992 | 1582304 |
| length of stay and survival after intensive care for severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. a prospective study. california collaborative treatment group. | survival rates for persons receiving intensive care for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia have improved. however, the utility of prolonged intensive care for patients who do not show initial improvement remains unclear. we assessed survival in a nested cohort study of patients receiving intensive care while participating in a randomized trial of early adjunctive corticosteroids for pneumocystis pneumonia. twenty-eight of 251 (11 percent) participants were admitted to an intensive care unit. fourtee ... | 1992 | 1582305 |
| spontaneous pneumothorax in aids patients not receiving prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1992 | 1582330 | |
| antibody responses to a major pneumocystis carinii antigen in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with and without p. carinii pneumonia. | antibody responses to a major purified human pneumocystis carinii surface antigen (gp95) were determined by elisa in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. serum igg directed against gp95 was measured in 129 consecutive hiv-infected patients who underwent bronchoscopy for evaluation of pulmonary symptoms. significantly more patients with p. carinii pneumonia (pcp) had detectable antibodies compared with hiv-infected patients without pcp and with hiv-negative controls (50 [66%] of ... | 1992 | 1583338 |
| cloning and sequence of a beta-tubulin cdna from pneumocystis carinii: possible implications for drug therapy. | this work describes the isolation and characterization of a full-length cdna clone encoding beta-tubulin from the pathogen pneumocystis carinii. p. carinii contains a single gene encoding beta-tubulin. the complete sequence of this cdna has been determined and its inferred amino acid sequence compared with the beta-tubulins from other organisms. this analysis augments the data indicating that p. carinii should be classified as a fungal organism. further comparisons between the p. carinii beta-tu ... | 1992 | 1584027 |
| cloning and characterization of a repetitive sequence from pneumocystis carinii. | four repetitive sequence clones measuring 10.9-23.4 kb in length were isolated from the genomic library of pneumocystis carinii. restriction enzymes mapping and cross-hybridization studies revealed that these clones are interrelated and that they derive from the common repeat unit, which is specific for p. carinii. dot-blot analysis suggested that the copy number of the repeat sequence is about 100, assuming that the genome size is 1.5 x 10(7) bp. interestingly, the repetition unit extended over ... | 1992 | 1584742 |
| aids and the lung: update 1992. 1. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1992 | 1585297 | |
| evolving epidemiology of hiv infection among adults. | whereas new, or changes in existing, routes of transmission of hiv have not been identified in the 11 years since aids was identified as a clinical syndrome, changes in the epidemiology of hiv infection in the us have been identified during that period. the role of injection drug use as a risk for both parenteral and sexual transmission of hiv has increased substantially during this period. heterosexual transmission is becoming more prominent as the epidemic continues to "mature" in the us. the ... | 1992 | 1586001 |
| ga-67 scintigraphy and computed tomography in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids. a prospective comparison. | a prospective evaluation of ga-67 scintigraphy and transmission computed tomography was performed in 70 consecutive patients with aids who were suspected of having pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. studies were evaluated independently by two observers. receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted. although scintigraphy had a higher true-positive ratio at any false-positive ratio, statistically the areas under the two receiver operating characteristic curves were not significantly differen ... | 1992 | 1587045 |
| isolation of pneumocystis carinii cysts by flow cytometry. | pneumocystis carinii cysts were separated as enriched populations from suspensions of lung homogenate obtained from infected rats containing all developmental stages of this organism. isolation of cyst populations was achieved by incubating filtered lung homogenate with the fluorescent phospholipid analog 1-palmitoyl-2-c6-nbd-phosphatidylcholine. whereas cysts did not fluorescence as a result of outer-wall restraint of lipid integration, trophozoites and young intermediate stages readily incorpo ... | 1992 | 1589425 |
| infection with mycobacterium bovis in a patient with aids: a late complication of bcg vaccination. | we present a 28-year-old hiv-infected man with a 2-year delayed complication of bcg immunization. when immunized the man was healthy, with an unknown hiv status, but 2 years later he was diagnosed with aids because of a pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. he was successfully treated and discharged in a state of good health. a few months later he presented with an enlarged lymph node and mycobacterium bovis, bcg strain, was cultured. no sign of dissemination was found. we discuss the indications for ... | 1992 | 1589715 |
| cardiac arrest during treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with intravenous pentamidine isethionate. | a 27-year-old man, hiv-positive for 4 years, developed ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest during treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with intravenous pentamidine isethionate. the dosage was 4 mg/kg/day for 18 days. nephrotoxicity occurred and raised serum potassium. the plasma concentration of pentamidine was 580 nmol/l. careful monitoring of renal and cardiac functions is recommended during intravenous therapy with pentamidine isethionate. | 1992 | 1589716 |
| pneumocystis colitis in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | we report a case of colonic pneumocystosis in a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive homosexual male who presented with fever and diarrhea. stool cultures for bacterial pathogens and examinations for ova and parasites were negative. the diagnosis was made by colonoscopic biopsy which revealed pneumocystis carinii organisms in the lamina propria of the cecum, descending colon, and sigmoid colon. the patient subsequently developed pulmonary and ocular abnormalities consistent with p. carini ... | 1992 | 1590316 |
| correlation of pneumocystis carinii cyst density with mortality in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumocystis pneumonia. | fifteen percent to 20% of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumocystis pneumonia do poorly despite early intervention. it is not known what distinguishes those who die, despite early intervention and aggressive therapy, from those who readily respond to therapy. we used image analysis to determine the relative abundance of cysts within aggregates of pneumocystis carinii found in induced sputa (21 patients) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (14 patients) from 35 patients w ... | 1992 | 1592383 |
| critical care management of the patient with hiv infection who has pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most frequently occurring opportunistic infection in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. improved methods of diagnosing and treating pcp have resulted in increased survival rates. nurses are more frequently faced with treatment of the critical care patient with pcp. knowledge about the mechanisms and manifestations of pcp as well as its diagnosis and treatment provides a baseline for the nursing management of pcp. nursing care f ... | 1992 | 1592614 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and your child: a parent information booklet. | a parent education booklet describing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was prepared by the pediatric branch of the national cancer institute. in addition to information about prophylaxis and treatment of pcp, the booklet discusses overall care of children infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | 1992 | 1594471 |
| the sulfone syndrome in a patient receiving dapsone prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1992 | 1595261 | |
| cost reduction in diagnosing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. sputum induction versus bronchoalveolar lavage as the initial diagnostic procedure. | sputum induction (si) is a sensitive and specific method for diagnosing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with aids. although less expensive than bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (bal), si followed by bal does not necessarily reduce costs compared with bal alone. cost analysis demonstrates that the cost of diagnosing pcp is dependent on the prevalence of pcp (pcpprevalence) in the studied population, the sensitivity of si (sisensitivity) for diagnosing pcp, and the relativ ... | 1992 | 1596013 |
| cutaneous pneumocystis carinii infection mimicking kaposi sarcoma. | 1992 | 1596046 | |
| fibreoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage in the investigation of the immunocompromised lung. | the records of 18 immunocompromised patients with recent onset of pulmonary disease who had fibreoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage over a two year period (1989-90) were reviewed. the underlying diseases were human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection (n = 7), organ transplantation (n = 9), and chemotherapy for malignancy (n = 2). four patients were receiving prophylactic therapy and 12 had been started on empirical therapy for infection. patients proceeded to bronchoscopy either be ... | 1992 | 1598142 |
| surfactant analysis during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients. | pulmonary surfactant is altered in experimental pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. although p carinii is a major causative agent of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, the pathophysiology of lung injury caused by this organism is poorly understood. therefore, we studied bronchoalveolar lavage specimens obtained from 19 hiv-infected subjects with pcp compared with specimens from ten healthy control subjects. as iterative bal was performed, 37 bal specimens were analyzed for protein and phosphol ... | 1992 | 1600773 |
| pneumocystis carinii in aids patients. | 1992 | 1602420 | |
| clinical apnea as an early manifestation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an infant with perinatal hiv-1 infection. | this article describes the first case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seropositive infant in whom apnea was the earliest presenting clinical finding. pediatricians treating infants with hiv infection need to be aware of this unusual clinical presentation of p carinii pneumonia to avoid a delay in diagnosis and management of this disease. | 1992 | 1602505 |
| comparison of aids in women in rural and urban georgia. | through 1990, 308 cases of aids had been reported in female residents of georgia (aged 13 years and older); 77 (25%) were white and 228 (75%) black. the mean age of the white women (43.8 years) was greater than that of the black women (34.5 years). one hundred sixty-six women were from atlanta (metro atl), the major metropolitan center in georgia, and 142 (46%) from other regions of the state (other areas). blacks represented 74% and 76% of all cases in women in metro atl and other areas respect ... | 1992 | 1604384 |
| cerebral toxoplasmosis and prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1992 | 1605434 | |
| use of fluoroquinolones for prophylaxis of murine pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we compared the prophylactic activities of six fluoroquinolones against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunosuppressed rats. pefloxacin was the only agent which was as effective as the reference drug trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. clinical trials with pefloxacin in patients at risk for p. carinii pneumonia appear to be justified. | 1992 | 1605613 |
| prognostic indicators for development of aids among intravenous drug users. | a cohort of 544 human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) seropositive intravenous drug users (ivdus) was recruited in 1988 and early 1989; data on laboratory markers, clinical symptoms, intravenous drug use, and demographics were collected. forty-one ivdus developed aids within 2 years of enrollment. data were analyzed using methods of survival analysis. none of the individuals reported use of antiviral agents or pneumocystis carinii prophylaxis at baseline. a very strong (p less than 0.001) dose- ... | 1992 | 1613668 |
| adjunctive corticosteroid therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids: a randomized european multicenter open label study. | fifty-nine human immunodeficiency virus type-1-infected patients with a microscopically proven first episode of moderate to severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were enrolled into a randomized european multicenter study. the effect of adjunctive corticosteroid (cs) therapy was assessed on (a) survival to discharge, (b) need for mechanical ventilation, and (c) survival at day 90. cs was given within 24 h of standard therapy as intravenous methylprednisolone 2 mg/kg body weight daily for 10 ... | 1992 | 1613673 |
| procoagulant activity in bronchoalveolar fluids: no relationship with tissue factor pathway inhibitor activity. | abnormalities in local coagulation may explain alveolar fibrin deposition which often accompanies human lung injuries. the purpose of this study was to investigate the generation of procoagulant activity (pca) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (tfpi) in selected bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (bal) from controls (n = 7) and from patients with interstitial lung diseases (n = 9), pneumocystis carinii (pcp) pneumonia (n = 11) and bacterial pneumonia (n = 8). as compared with controls a significant ... | 1992 | 1615494 |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii. comparative study of monoclonal antibody and silver staining. | the sensitivity of pneumocystis carinii detection using silver stain (grocott method) was compared to that using the avidin-biotin-complex immunoperoxidase (ip) staining method with anti-p. carinii monoclonal antibody. silver stain detected only cyst wall, whereas ip stained both cyst wall and trophozoites. serial sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded autopsy lung specimens from 41 acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients in three disease categories were stained: i--premortem or auto ... | 1992 | 1615917 |
| the spectrum of clinical and pathological manifestations of aids in a consecutive series of autopsied patients in mexico. | little is known about the clinical profile of aids in latin american populations. this study characterizes the clinical and pathological manifestations of aids in a representative series of mexican aids patients at autopsy. | 1992 | 1616652 |
| improved outcome of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients: a multifactorial treatment effect. | factors determining the outcome of an episode of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in 149 aids patients treated at st mary's hospital were identified and their importance on improved survival evaluated between 1984 and 1989. the proportion of fatal episodes of pcp decreased over time. fatal compared with nonfatal episodes had lower mean alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (82.5 mmhg vs 53.8 mmhg, p less than 0.001), mean haemoglobin level (11.2 g/dl vs 12.1 g/dl, p = 0.01), mean lymphocyte coun ... | 1992 | 1616964 |
| emergence of unusual opportunistic pathogens in aids: a review. | opportunistic infections are a major cause of morbidity and death among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), particularly late in the disease, when immunosuppression is severe. some pathogens, such as pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii, are extremely common in this population and are readily recognized by clinicians caring for these patients. however, many other organisms occasionally cause conditions that clinically mimic the more commonly encountered pathogens ... | 1992 | 1617054 |
| [diagnosis and course of patients with hiv infections and exclusion of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | 30 patients infected with hiv (20 men, 10 women; mean age 34 [26-54] years), suspected of having pneumocystis carinii (pc) pneumonia, had undergone bronchoalveolar lavage which proved negative for pc. they were then kept under observation for 5 months. no transbronchial biopsy was performed. 27 patients were in stage iv of the hiv infection, and 14 had been on pentamidine prophylaxis. the most frequent diagnosis with the bronchial lavage was bacterial infection (19 patients), next most frequent ... | 1992 | 1618118 |
| [acute nonbacterial bronchopneumopathies in the 1st years of life. diagnostic strategies and clinico-epidemiological peculiarities]. | the authors summarise diagnostic strategies an clinical epidemiologic peculiarities of non-bacterial bronchopneumopathies in children. the role of classic viral agents (virus influenzal a-b, virus parainfluenza 2-3, rvs) is stressed without neglecting the role of other etiologic agents such as chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma pneumoniae and pneumocystis carinii. the authors point out the necessity of direct investigation (viral cultures, direct investigation in if and elisa, investigation with ... | 1992 | 1620072 |
| [pulmonary cavity caused by pneumocystis carinii in an hiv+ patient]. | 1992 | 1620930 | |
| [survival in hiv infection and aids]. | duration of the aids-free period after hiv-infection and survival time vary to a wide extent. about 50 percent of the patients develop aids within 10 years. the most important prognostic factor is the cd4-lymphocyte count. the risk of aids increases significantly after cd4-lymphocyte counts drop below 400/microliters. another prognostic factor is age. in older patients disease progresses more rapidly. aids often is preceded by an aids-related-complex characterized for example by oral candidiasis ... | 1992 | 1621324 |
| detection of fc receptors for iga on rat alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. | the presence of fc receptors for iga on alveolar macrophages was determined by rosette assay and immunogold labeling. iga-mediated phagocytosis by alveolar macrophages was observed. results of these assays were compared between rats receiving no treatment and those receiving long-term cortisone administration. sheep erythrocytes coated with dextran and an iga monoclonal antibody specific for the alpha 1,3 linkages of dextran bound to 16% of alveolar macrophages. however, peritoneal macrophages d ... | 1992 | 1623549 |
| clinical usefulness of high-pressure liquid chromatographic determination of serum pentamidine in aids patients. | we have developed a reproducible hplc method to determine serum pentamidine, which demonstrates good chromatographic performance, and is sensitive enough to measure therapeutic doses. pentamidine is first extracted from serum by passage through a c-18 extraction cartridge. potential interfering substances are then removed by washing with 100% methanol. pentamidine is eluted from the extraction cartridge with 1-heptanesulfonic acid. the extract is chromatographed on a highly deactivated column fo ... | 1992 | 1623582 |
| correlation of bronchoalveolar lavage findings to severity of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids. evidence for the development of high-permeability pulmonary edema. | we correlated bronchoalveolar lavage findings with the clinical course and outcome of pneumocystis pneumonia. forty-eight patients with aids and a confirmed diagnosis of p carinii pneumonia were studied. patients with additional pulmonary infections were excluded. on the basis of bal findings, they were divided into those with a low neutrophil count (less than 5 percent) and those with a high neutrophil count (greater than or equal to 5 percent). sixteen patients with aids but without pcp served ... | 1992 | 1623798 |
| modulation of tumor necrosis factor release from alveolar macrophages treated with pentamidine isethionate. | alveolar macrophages in aids patients have a marked increase in tumor necrosis factor release in active pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. we have demonstrated that pentamidine, an aromatic diamidine currently used to treat aids-related p. carinii pneumonia, is an effective inhibitor of cellular tumor necrosis factor release from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat alveolar macrophages at concentrations greater than 10(-8) m. inhibition of release is not dependent upon the continued presence of penta ... | 1992 | 1624213 |
| occult alveolar haemorrhage in bronchopulmonary kaposi's sarcoma. | evidence of occult alveolar haemorrhage was sought by perls's staining of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid to detect haemosiderin laden macrophages in 63 human immunodeficiency virus positive (hiv-1) men who underwent bronchoscopy. twenty three patients had bronchopulmonary kaposi's sarcoma; occult alveolar haemorrhage was present in 16 of these (including two in whom no tracheobronchial lesions were evident at bronchoscopy, but in whom the diagnosis was confirmed at necropsy). forty patients had ot ... | 1992 | 1624606 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during cyclosporine therapy for ulcerative colitis. | 1992 | 1625744 | |
| macroepidemiology of the hivs-aids (haids) pandemic. insufficiently considered zoological and geopolitical aspects. | the human immunodeficiency viruses (hivs)-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or haids pandemic originated from lentiviruses of nonhuman primates (thus qualifying as a zoonosis) that moved into humans in africa. the haids patients eventually die of opportunistic infections, all potentially zoonotic. the haids infection remained parochial, first endemically and then epidemically, until the african urbanization that occurred in each of the countries postindependence. the latter included wars ... | 1992 | 1626879 |
| atypical roentgenographic manifestations of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | although pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) usually presents with bilateral interstitial pulmonary infiltrates, many other roentgenographic presentations occur in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. to clarify the determinants of atypical presentations of pcp, we evaluated 65 english-language reports that related the roentgenographic manifestations of consecutive cases of pcp. the incidence of pcp-associated upper lobe disease, cysts, and spontaneous pneumothoraxes was increased in ... | 1992 | 1627019 |
| effectiveness of low-dose cotrimoxazole prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after renal and/or pancreas transplantation. | we retrospectively examined the effectiveness of prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole in preventing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in recipients of kidney and combined kidney-pancreas transplants between 1985 and 1989. cotrimoxazole prophylaxis (480 mg daily or 300 mg/m2), when used, was started within 2 months after transplantation and usually continued until 6 months after surgery. eight (3.7%) of the 214 patients who were not given prophylaxis were infected with pneumocystis carinii, and there were ... | 1992 | 1627244 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients: diagnostic yield of induced sputum and immunofluorescent stain with monoclonal antibodies. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic yield of induced sputum (is), assessing the reliability of indirect immunofluorescent stain with monoclonal antibodies (ifmoab) and methenamine silver (met-ag) and analysing factors likely to influence the sensitivity of these techniques. an analysis was prospectively carried out on is specimens collected from 61 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients during 69 episodes of suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. ultrasonic ... | 1992 | 1628723 |
| [pulmonary lesions of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--analysis of 24 japanese autopsy cases with aids]. | the pulmonary lesions were studied in 24 autopsy cases of japanese patients with aids. the major pathological findings were opportunistic infections, which were the major clinical symptoms in some patients. the pathogens identified were as follows; pneumocystis carinii (pc) in 10, cytomegalovirus (cmv) in 14, atypical mycobacterium in 5, cryptococcus in 2, candida in 2, and nocardia in 1. pc pneumonia was prominent in 8 cases and was the cause of death. in such patients, the lung were heavy and ... | 1992 | 1630037 |
| clinical manifestations, management and therapy of hiv infection in children. | perinatal infection accounts for the majority of cases of hiv infection in children both in developed and developing countries. transmission may occur in utero, intrapartum or postpartum as a result of breast-feeding. the actual risk of transmission through breast-feeding is unknown. the majority of infants reported to be infected through breast milk have been infected as a result of a recently acquired hiv infection in the mother. infants with hiv infection frequently present with clinical symp ... | 1992 | 1633655 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection. 1973. | 1992 | 1635440 | |
| treatment of aids-related bronchopleural fistula by pleurectomy. | spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) may require prolonged therapy for treatment of a persistent bronchopleural fistula, and treatment by standard methods often fails. this pilot study was done to test the effectiveness of aggressive surgical therapy for definitive treatment of persistent bronchopleural fistula in patients with aids. between march 1989 and september 1991, 44 patients with aids were treated for spontaneous pneumothorax with closed tu ... | 1992 | 1637207 |
| g-estimation of the effect of prophylaxis therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on the survival of aids patients. | aids clinical trial group randomized trial 002 compared the effect of high-dose with low-dose 3-azido-3-deoxythymidine (azt) on the survival of aids patients. embedded within the trial was an essentially uncontrolled observational study of the effect of prophylaxis therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on survival. in this paper, we estimate the causal effect of prophylaxis therapy on survival by using the method of g-estimation to estimate the parameters of a structural nested failure time ... | 1992 | 1637895 |
| sequence and variability of the 5.8s and 26s rrna genes of pneumocystis carinii. | the sequence of the coding region of the rrna operon of rat-derived pneumocystis carinii has been completed, including the genes for 5.8s and 26s rrna. these genes show homology to the rrna genes of yeast, and an apparent group i self-splicing intron is present in the 26s rrna gene. like a similar intron in the 16s rrna gene, this intron is in a phylogenetically conserved region. variation in the 26s rrna sequence was noted between p. carinii organisms isolated from two different sources. | 1992 | 1641341 |
| crystal structure of a pentamidine-oligonucleotide complex: implications for dna-binding properties. | the crystal structure of the complex formed between the dodecanucleotide d(cgcgaattcgcg)2 and the drug pentamidine, which is active against the pneumocystis carinii pathogen in aids patients, has been determined to a resolution of 2.1 a and an r-factor of 19.4%. analysis of the structure has shown the drug to be bound in the 5'-aatt minor groove region of the duplex, with the amidinium groups h-bonded to adenine n3 atoms in an interstrand manner. the drug molecule adopts an extended conformation ... | 1992 | 1643044 |
| tuberculosis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. how often does it mimic pneumocystis carinii pneumonia? | adjunctive corticosteroid therapy is recommended for selected human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients with presumed pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. because corticosteroids may exacerbate undiagnosed tuberculosis, we evaluated the frequency with which tuberculosis in hiv-infected patients mimics p carinii pneumonia. over a 12-month period, we identified 105 hiv-infected patients with pleuropulmonary tuberculosis and 84 patients with p carinii pneumonia who were sufficiently hypoxemic ... | 1992 | 1643927 |
| bilateral pneumothoraces hasten mortality in aids patients receiving secondary prophylaxis with aerosolized pentamidine. association with a lower dco prior to receiving aerosolized pentamidine. | we have administered aerosolized pentamidine (ap) to 48 aids patients for secondary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). pentamidine 60 mg was administered by ultrasonic nebulization (fisoneb) five times during the first two weeks and then every two weeks. the mean follow-up was 343 +/- 22 days. pcp recurred in ten patients, 297 +/- 33 days after starting ap therapy. all responded to anti-pneumocystis therapy but two patients died of unrelated reasons (20 percent mortality). five ... | 1992 | 1643939 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia after 40 years. | forty years ago, pneumocystis carinii was identified by czech researchers j. vanĕk and o. jírovec as the causative agent of interstitial plasma cell pneumonia in infants. at present, it is the commonest pulmonary pathogen in aids patients. this review summarizes the experience and latest data on the etiopathogenesis, pathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and therapy of p. carinii pneumonia. | 1992 | 1644483 |
| continuous positive airway pressure by face mask or mechanical ventilation in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we reviewed the records of 44 patients with aids who had 45 episodes of severe pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). while 9 patients required intubation and mechanical ventilation (mv) on admission, continuous positive airway pressure (cpap) by face mask was the initial measure in 36 episodes. there were 25 patients managed with cpap alone, 23 of whom survived. among the reasons for delayed intubation and mv (11 patients) was that treatment failure was strongly associated with non-survival, sin ... | 1992 | 1644963 |
| using his data for health care research. | the importance of measuring healthcare performance and outcome rapidly grows around the world. as hospital information systems (his) become more commonplace, their use as clinical research tools can be easily developed. this is demonstrated in the article by two examples of clinical outcomes research undertaken on the world's largest his database. the research studies described in the article were on: (1) the effect of hospital 'experience' on inpatient mortality rates for patients with hiv-rela ... | 1992 | 10171244 |
| the pharmacoeconomics of hiv disease. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection is a major public health problem in all parts of the world. for the united states, federal spending on hiv disease for 1982 to 1989 was $us5.5 billion. projections indicate that aids spending may reach 1.6% of total health expenditures in 1992, while the indirect costs of hiv infection may be 5 times as great as the direct costs. in the developing world, the cost per person with hiv infection may be 0.8- to 9-fold greater than the per capita gross n ... | 1992 | 10147027 |
| measurement of particle and mass distribution of pentamidine aerosol by ultrasonic and air jet nebulizers. | the use of appropriate nebulizers is a major precondition for a successful treatment and prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with pentamidine aerosol. the apparatus should supply a sufficient amount of pentamidine with adequate particle size. using fisons ultrasonic nebulizer fiso neb, model fzv 40 bamki, de vilbiss ultrasonic nebulizer, porta-sonic, model 8500 gb, and the marquest medical products jet nebulizer respirgard ii, two pentamidine concentrations (300 mg/6 ml and 60 mg/6 ml ... | 1992 | 10147685 |
| [characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus infection in the san juan de dios general hospital]. | a prospective clinical study was conducted between january 1991 and june 1992 of 92 hiv seropositive patients attending the adult outpatient clinic of the san juan de dios general hospital in guatemala city. 52 of the patients met the us centers for disease control clinical criteria for aids. limitations in the diagnostic and laboratory facilities of the hospital hampered identification of some opportunistic infections. 74 of the 92 patients were male. 3 of the 18 infected women gave birth du ... | 1992 | 12290621 |
| [pulmonary manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)]. | the lungs are the principal target organ in the infectious complications of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and this predisposition to infections is not the regional manifestation of systemic immunologic deficiency induced by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) only, because hiv also affects lung's own complex system of local defense mechanisms. it was demonstrated that pulmonary host defenses were compromised by.direct infection of alveolar macrophages with hiv and decreased production ... | 1992 | 18170978 |
| analysis of pneumocystis carinii antigens by ciep, sds-page and immunoblotting. | pneumocystis carinii (pc) from rabbit and rat lungs were analyzed by counterimmunoelectro-phoresis (ciep), polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. in ciep, considerable cross-reactivity was demonstrated using rabbit polyclonal antisera raised against the rabbit and the rat-derived pc components. in immunoblotting, both the rat and the rabbit pc antigens also showed reactivity with the two antisera. rabbit-derived pc antigens of about 24-27,39,42-45, 55, 110 and 116 kda were reveal ... | 1992 | 23195346 |
| [the cytological picture in pleural pneumocystosis]. | we report a case of a hiv+ patient treated with prophylactic aerosolized pentamidine. the patient showed evidence of tensive right pneumothorax and slight pleural effusion. the pleural fluid was aspired from the drainage and processed in our laboratory. the cytologic examination of aspired fluid revealed abundant pneumocystis carinii organisms. the cytologic presentation is peculiar in pleural fluid because of the presence of a large amount of trophozoites and a small number of cysts. direct exa ... | 1993 | 7513393 |
| future therapies in the management of critically ill aids patients. | the advent of antiviral therapy for hiv infection and anti-infective agents for the treatment and prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia has had a significant impact on the survival and quality of life of persons with aids and associated conditions. this article discusses zidovudine and other antiviral therapies for hiv infection, as well as some of the new treatment and prophylactic strategies to manage opportunistic infections which can ameliorate the course of advanced hiv infection in ... | 1993 | 7678542 |
| nucleotide sequence variation in pneumocystis carinii strains that infect humans. | the nucleotide sequences of a portion of the large-subunit mitochondrial rrna gene of pneumocystis carinii derived from 12 patients were examined. five sequences were found to be identical to the prototype sequence reported by sinclair et al. (k. sinclair, a. e. wakefield, s. banerji, and j. m. hopkin, mol. biochem. parasitol. 45:183-184, 1991). six sequences differed from the prototype sequence at one to three positions. the remaining sequence was markedly different from the prototype sequence ... | 1993 | 7681441 |
| the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by cytologic evaluation of papanicolaou and leishman-stained bronchoalveolar specimens in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | the presence of foamy alveolar casts or flocculent material in papanicolaou and leishman-stained smears of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid is said to be indicative of infection with pneumocystis carinii. we have investigated the sensitivity and specificity of this method of diagnosing pneumocystis pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). patients (n = 114) with diffuse lung infiltrates were submitted to fibreoptic bronchoscopy and bal. seventy of them were pat ... | 1993 | 7683507 |
| [detection of pneumocystis carinii in clinical samples by the polymerase chain reaction. comparison with the methenamine silver technique]. | a comparison of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with methenamine silver stain was performed on clinical specimens for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients. | 1993 | 7684613 |
| inhibition of pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthetase by para-acetamidobenzoic acid: possible mechanism of action of isoprinosine in human immunodeficiency virus infection. | isoprinosine has been reported to decrease progression to aids, primarily by preventing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, but the mechanism of action is unknown. para-acetamidobenzoic acid (pacba), one component of isoprinosine, is structurally related to para-aminobenzoic acid (paba), a precursor of de novo folate synthesis. this pathway is known to be important for p. carinii because sulfonamides, which are effective anti-p. carinii agents ... | 1993 | 7687120 |
| application and staining patterns of commercial anti-pneumocystis carinii monoclonal antibodies. | commercially available monoclonal antibodies to pneumocystis carinii were compared with respect to immunofluorescence staining patterns of human immunodeficiency virus-inactivated smears. only the indirect staining kits were suitable for application to ethanol-inactivated samples. when antibodies from dakopatts and northumbria were compared, the staining of cysts and trophozoites showed different patterns. | 1993 | 7690369 |
| interleukin-8 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and plasma of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, or tuberculosis. | 1993 | 7690822 | |
| identification of phagocytosed pneumocystis carinii in human pulmonary alveolar macrophages. | examination of papanicolaou-stained bronchoalveolar lavage samples from cases with pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis under ultra-violet light reveals alveolar macrophages packed with fluorescent inclusions. immunoenzymatic staining of the alveolar macrophages with a monoclonal antibody specific for p. carinii (3f6) showed that these inclusions contain intact pneumocysts or their degradation products. fluorescence microscopy of papanicolaou-stained smears is advocated as a sensitive and specific m ... | 1993 | 7691203 |
| reduced expression of macrophage-associated antigens on alveolar mononuclear phagocytes from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | in this study we evaluated the phenotype of alveolar mononuclear phagocytes recovered from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of 24 patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection (aids-related complex 8 patients. aids 16 patients) and 8 healthy individuals by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies known to react with tissue macrophages, in combination with a flow cytometer. the results showed that 90% of patients with aids present a marked reduction in the expression of several antigenic det ... | 1993 | 7691271 |
| vitronectin binds to pneumocystis carinii and mediates organism attachment to cultured lung epithelial cells. | pneumocystis carinii attaches to alveolar epithelial cells during the development of pneumonia. adhesive proteins found within the alveolar space have been proposed to mediate p. carinii adherence to lung cells. vitronectin (vn), a 75-kda glycoprotein present in the lower respiratory tract, has substantial cell-adhesive properties and might participate in the host-parasite interaction during p. carinii pneumonia. to address whether vn binds to p. carinii, we studied the interaction of radiolabel ... | 1993 | 7691747 |
| high proportion of gamma-delta t cell receptor positive t cells in bronchoalveolar lavage and peripheral blood of hiv-infected patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonias. | to investigate the local immunological situation in the lung of hiv-infected patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonias (hiv-pcp), we analyzed the proportion and the distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations and their state of activation in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and peripheral blood of 21 hiv-pcp patients (cdc classification group iv) compared to 24 hiv-negative patients with interstitial lung diseases (ild). peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) and bal cells were stained with monoclonal ... | 1993 | 7692576 |