Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| lmw-gs genes in agropyron elongatum and their potential value in wheat breeding. | to study the usefulness of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gs) of agropyron elongatum (host) nevski to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) quality improvement, we characterized lmw-gs genes of a. elongatum. nine lmw-gs genes of a. elongatum, which were named ael1 to ael9, were cloned by genomic pcr. after sequencing, we obtained complete open reading frames from ael2 to ael8 and partial genes of ael1 and ael9. all nine sequences are homoeologous to those of wheat and related grasses. compar ... | 2005 | 15926075 |
| genetic and in silico comparative mapping of the polyphenol oxidase gene in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | polyphenol oxidases (ppos) are involved in the time-dependent darkening and discolouration of asian noodles and other wheat end products. in this study, a doubled haploid (dh) population derived from chara (moderately high ppo activity)/ww2449 (low ppo activity) was screened for ppo activity based on l-dopa and l-tyrosine assays using whole seeds. both these assays were significantly genetically correlated (r = 0.91) in measuring the ppo activity in this dh population. quantitative trait loci (q ... | 2005 | 15918034 |
| molecular characterization of durum and common wheat recombinant lines carrying leaf rust resistance (lr19) and yellow pigment (y) genes from lophopyrum ponticum. | chromosome 7e from lophopyrum ponticum carries a valuable leaf rust resistant gene designated lr19. this gene has not been widely used in common wheat breeding because of linkage with the yellow pigment gene y. this gene tints flour yellow, reducing its appeal in bread making. however, a high level of yellow pigment is desirable in durum wheat breeding. we produced 97 recombinant chromosomes between l. ponticum transfer 7d.7e#1 and its wheat homoeologues, using the ph1b mutation that promotes ho ... | 2005 | 15912342 |
| effects of exogenous organic chelators on phytochelatins production and its relationship with cadmium toxicity in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) under cadmium stress. | phytochelatins (pcs) have been proposed as a potential biomarker for metal toxicity. in this study, cadmium (cd) toxicity, pcs production and their relationship in wheat under cd stress were examined using various exogenous organic chelator-buffered nutrient solutions. single cd stress produced strong toxic effects, as indicated by decreases of growth parameters, high level of lipid peroxidation in leaf and overproduction of pcs in root. exogenous organic chelators with proper dose more or less ... | 2005 | 15910898 |
| evolution of the indole alkaloid biosynthesis in the genus hordeum: distribution of gramine and diboa and isolation of the benzoxazinoid biosynthesis genes from hordeum lechleri. | two indole alkaloids with defense related functions are synthesized in the genus hordeum of the triticeae. gramine (3(dimethyl-amino-methyl)-indole) is found in h. spontaneum and in some varieties of h. vulgare, the benzoxazinoid 2,4-dihydroxy-2h-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4h)-one (diboa) is detected in h. roshevitzii, h. brachyantherum, h. flexuosum, h. lechleri. biosynthesis of diboa and of gramine was found to be mutually exclusive in wild hordeum species, indicating that there was selection against si ... | 2005 | 15907959 |
| physical molecular maps of wheat chromosomes. | in bread wheat, a set of 527 simple sequence repeats (ssrs) were tried on 164 deletion lines, leading to a successful mapping of 270 ssrs on 313 loci covering all 21 chromosomes. a maximum of 119 loci (38%) were located on b subgenome, and a minimum of 90 loci (29%) mapped on d subgenome. similarly, homoeologous group 7 carried a maximum of 61 loci (19%), and group 4 carried a minimum of 22 loci (7%). of the cited 270 ssrs, 39 had multiple loci, but only eight of these detected homoeologous loci ... | 2005 | 15902544 |
| ssr allelic diversity changes in 480 european bread wheat varieties released from 1840 to 2000. | a sample of 480 bread wheat varieties originating from 15 european geographical areas and released from 1840 to 2000 were analysed with a set of 39 microsatellite markers. the total number of alleles ranged from 4 to 40, with an average of 16.4 alleles per locus. when seven successive periods of release were considered, the total number of alleles was quite stable until the 1960s, from which time it regularly decreased. clustering analysis on nei's distance matrix between these seven temporal gr ... | 2005 | 15887038 |
| a candidate autonomous version of the wheat mite hikkoshi is present in the rice genome. | a miniature inverted-repeat transposable element (mite), designated as hikkoshi, was previously identified in the null wx-a1 allele of turkish bread wheat lines. this mite is 165 bp in size and has 12-bp terminal inverted repeats (tirs) flanked by 8-bp target site duplications (tsds). southern and pcr analyses demonstrated the presence of multiple copies of hikkoshi in the wheat genome. database searches indicated that hikkoshi mites are also present in barley, rice and maize. a 3.4-kb element t ... | 2005 | 15883824 |
| inheritance of seed dormancy in tibetan semi-wild wheat accession q1028. | tibetan semi-wild wheat (triticum aestivum ssp. tibetanum shao) is one of the chinese endemic hexaploid wheat genetic resources, distributed only in the qinghai-xizang plateau of china. it has special characters, such as a hulled glume and spike disarticulation. however, seed dormancy, another important character for wheat resistance to pre-harvest sprouting, was rarely reported. seed dormancy of more than 10 tibetan semi-wild wheat accessions was evaluated, and their germinations were 0% or nea ... | 2005 | 15876680 |
| towards a generic architectural model of tillering in gramineae, as exemplified by spring wheat (triticum aestivum). | this paper presents an architectural model of wheat (triticum aestivum), designed to explain effects of light conditions at the individual leaf level on tillering kinetics. various model variables, including blade length and curvature, were parameterized for spring wheat, and compared with winter wheat and other gramineae species. the architectural model enables simulation of plant properties at the level of individual organs. parameterization was based on data derived from an outdoor experiment ... | 2005 | 15869643 |
| quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis as a tool to evaluate the mode of action of chemical hybridizing agents for wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | augmentation of wheat production calls for introduction of wheat hybrids in cultivation. in the absence of viable alternative technology of hybrid wheat development, chemical induction of male sterility mediated technology based on chemical hybridizing agents (chas) holds a great potential. the qsar method was applied to two families of chas in the n-acylanilines and pyridone class of chemistry. the models for each cha family gave good correlation between the variations in log percent of male st ... | 2005 | 15853389 |
| [effects of root-applied glycinebetaine on the composition and function of wheat thylakoid membrane under drought stress]. | two wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l.), hf9703 tolerant to drought and sn215953 sensitive to drought, were used to study the effects of glycinebetaine on the composition and function of thylakoid membrane. the wheat seedlings with two leaves were pretreated with hoagland solution containing 1.5 mmol/l glycinebetaine (gb) for 72 h, then cultured with hoagland solution containing 15% peg-6000 for 48 h. the seedling leaves were used for mensuration. the results indicated that the chlorophyll, m ... | 2005 | 15840931 |
| changes in the cellular and subcellular localization of glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase during flag leaf senescence in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | in order to improve our understanding of the regulation of nitrogen assimilation and recycling in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), we studied the localization of plastidic (gs2) and cytosolic (gs1) glutamine synthetase isoenzymes and of glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) during natural senescence of the flag leaf and in the stem. in mature flag leaves, large amounts of gs1 were detected in the connections between the mestome sheath cells and the vascular cells, suggesting an active transfer of nitrogen ... | 2005 | 15840646 |
| molecular characterization of new waxy mutants identified in bread and durum wheat. | recently, electrophoretic analyses of waxy proteins in several hexaploid and tetraploid wheat accessions from worldwide collections have permitted the identification of new variants at the waxy loci, including allelic forms with different mobilities and partial null types. in this paper, the molecular characterization of mutated waxy loci in four bread wheat cultivars (two lacking the wx-b1 and two lacking the wx-d1 protein, respectively) and in four durum wheat cultivars (one lacking wx-a1 and ... | 2005 | 15834696 |
| characterization of a jasmonate-regulated wheat protein related to a beta-glucosidase-aggregating factor. | jasmonates are distributed throughout higher plants, where they play an important role in the activation of signal transduction pathways in response to wounding and pathogen attack. jasmonates are known to induce the transcriptional activation of plant defense genes, produce jasmonate-regulated proteins (jrp). one class of 32 kda jrp (designated as jrp-32 in this paper) is present in the gramineae family, although the function of these proteins is still unclear. a cdna was cloned from wheat (tri ... | 2005 | 15820667 |
| molecular cytogenetic characterization and disease resistance observation of wheat-dasypyrum breviaristatum partial amphiploid and its derivatives. | a wheat-dasypyrum breviaristatum partial amphiploid and its derivatives were analyzed by molecular cytological observation and tested for disease resistance in order to evaluate the potential use of the d. breviaristatum for wheat improvement. a fertility-improved partial amphiploid, tdh-2, was produced from the selfing population of triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring (cs)-d. breviaristatum amphiploid. based on the results obtained from genomic in situ hybridization (gish) and seed protein ele ... | 2005 | 16970616 |
| heavy metal uptake, translocation, and bioaccumulation studies of triticum aestivum cultivated in contaminated dredged materials. | phytoremediation is a technology that uses vegetation to remediate contaminants from water, soil, and sediments. unlike traditional remediation techniques such as soil washing or vitrification, phytoremediation offers a technology that is solar-driven, aesthetically pleasing, and cost effective. recent studies indicate that winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is a potential accumulator for heavy metals such as lead (pb) and cadmium (cd) in hydroponic systems. based on these findings, a laborator ... | 2005 | 16705830 |
| cytoskeleton reorganization and ultrastructural damage induced by gliadin in a three-dimensional in vitro model. | to evaluate the interplay between gliadin and lovo cells and the direct effect of gliadin on cytoskeletal patterns. | 2005 | 16437684 |
| use of flyash and biogas slurry for improving wheat yield and physical properties of soil. | this study explores the potential use of by-products of energy production, i.e., (i) flyash from coal-powered electricity generation and (ii) biogas slurry from agricultural waste treatment, as nutrient sources in agriculture. these residues are available in large amounts and their disposal is a major concern for the environment. as both residues contain considerable amounts of plant nutrients, their use as soil amendment may offer a promising win-win opportunity to improve crop production and, ... | 2005 | 16418901 |
| conserved extracellular cysteine residues and cytoplasmic loop-loop interplay are required for functionality of the heptahelical mlo protein. | we performed a structure-function analysis of the plasma membrane-localized plant-specific barley (hordeum vulgare) mlo (powdery-mildew-resistance gene o) protein. invariant cysteine and proline residues, located either in extracellular loops or transmembrane domains that have been conserved in mlo proteins for more than 400 million years, were found to be essential for mlo functionality and/or stability. similarly to many metazoan g-protein-coupled receptors known to function as homo- and heter ... | 2005 | 15352871 |
| agropyron elongatum chromatin localization on the wheat chromosomes in an introgression line. | the introgressed small-chromosome segment of agropyron elongatum (host.) neviski (thinopyrum ponticum podp.) in f5 line ii-1-3 of somatic hybrid between common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and a. elongatum was localized by sequential fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish), genomic in situ hybridization (gish) and karyotype data. karyotype analysis offered basic data of arm ratios and relative lengths of 21 pairs of chromosomes in parent wheat jinan177 and hybrid ii-1-3. using special high rep ... | 2005 | 15616822 |
| selective transcriptional down-regulation of anther invertases precedes the failure of pollen development in water-stressed wheat. | water deficit during male meiosis in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) causes pollen sterility. with a view to identifying the internal trigger for this failure, it was found that water stress specifically impairs the activities of vacuolar and cell-wall invertases in anthers prior to the arrest of pollen development. the enzymes are affected only when water deficit occurs around meiosis. three invertase cdnas, two encoding the cell-wall (ivr1, ivr3) and one the vacuolar (ivr5) isoform, were isolated ... | 2005 | 15533880 |
| a rapid response of beta-amylase to nitric oxide but not gibberellin in wheat seeds during the early stage of germination. | the effects of nitric oxide (no) and gibberellic acid (ga(3)) on the responses of amylases in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seeds (caryopses) were investigated during the first 12 h of germination. ga(3) had no effects on the activities of alpha-amylase (ec 3.2.1.1) or beta-amylase (ec 3.2.1.2), either in intact seeds or embryoless halves within 12 h. in contrast, addition of sodium nitroprusside (snp), an no donor, was able to induce a rapid increase in beta-amylase activity without affecting al ... | 2005 | 15517355 |
| effect of salinity on tissue architecture in expanding wheat leaves. | salinity greatly reduces the leaf cross-sectional area of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) during its development, which may lead to variation in the architectural properties of growing leaves that would result in a change in leaf physiological functions. our objective was to characterize the effect of salinity on the spatial distribution of the cross-sectional area and the anatomy of large and small veins of a growing wheat leaf. spring wheat was grown in a growth chamber in soils with or without 1 ... | 2005 | 15503127 |
| a biocatalyst for the removal of sulfite from alcoholic beverages. | the presence of sulfites in alcoholic beverages, particularly in wines, can cause allergic responses with symptoms ranging from mild gastrointestinal problems to life threatening anaphylactic shock in a substantial portion of the population. we have developed a simple and inexpensive biocatalytic method that employs wheatgrass (triticum aestivum) chloroplasts for the efficient oxidation of sulfites in wines to innocuous sulfates. a sufficiently high rate of sulfite oxidation was obtained in the ... | 2005 | 15540199 |
| single and joint toxicity of chlorimuron-ethyl, cadmium, and copper acting on wheat triticum aestivum. | investigation of the toxicological effects of some agricultural pollutants on germination rate and on shoot and root elongation of wheat (triticum aestivum) was carried out. seeds of wheat were exposed to various concentrations of chlorimuron-ethyl with or without cadmium and copper addition. the inhibitory rates of seed germination and shoot and root elongation of wheat were calculated. significant linear relationships between the root and shoot elongation and the concentration of chlorimuron-e ... | 2005 | 15546632 |
| qtl analysis and comparative genomics of herbage quality traits in perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.). | genetic control of herbage quality variation was assessed through the use of the molecular marker-based reference genetic map of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.). the restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp), amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) and genomic dna-derived simple sequence repeat-based (ssr) framework marker set was enhanced, with rflp loci corresponding to genes for key enzymes involved in lignin biosynthesis and fructan metabolism. quality traits such as crude ... | 2005 | 15558228 |
| a nearest-neighboring-end algorithm for genetic mapping. | high-throughput methods are beginning to make possible the genotyping of thousands of loci in thousands of individuals, which could be useful for tightly associating phenotypes to candidate loci. current mapping algorithms cannot handle so many data without building hierarchies of framework maps. | 2005 | 15564296 |
| ftir imaging of wheat endosperm cell walls in situ reveals compositional and architectural heterogeneity related to grain hardness. | endosperm cell walls of cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) selected for their endosperm texture (two soft and two hard) were analysed in situ by fourier transform infrared (ftir) microspectroscopy. ftir imaging coupled with statistical analysis was used to map the compositional and structural heterogeneity within transverse sections from which cell contents had been removed by sonication. in the majority of grains analysed, two distinct populations of endosperm cells could be identified b ... | 2005 | 15580525 |
| a reverse genetic, nontransgenic approach to wheat crop improvement by tilling. | we report the use of tilling (targeting induced local lesions in genomes), a reverse genetic, nontransgenic method, to improve a quality trait in a polyploid crop plant. waxy starches, composed mostly of amylopectin, have unique physiochemical properties. wheat with only one or two functional waxy genes (granule-bound starch synthase i, or gbssi) produces starch with intermediate levels of amylopectin. we have identified 246 alleles of the waxy genes by tilling each homoeolog in 1,920 allohexapl ... | 2005 | 15580263 |
| two point mutations identified in emmer wheat generate null wx-a1 alleles. | in this report, the wx-a1 mutations carried by a triticum dicoccoides line from israel and a triticum dicoccum line from yugoslavia are characterized. a single nucleotide insertion in the t. dicoccoides null allele and a single nucleotide deletion in the t. dicoccum null allele each cause frameshift mutations that induce premature termination codons more than 55 nucleotides upstream of the last exon-exon junction. in both mutants, wx-a1 transcripts were detectable in 10 day post-anthesis endospe ... | 2005 | 15592661 |
| regulation by vrn-1/fr-1 chromosomal intervals of cbf-mediated cor/lea gene expression and freezing tolerance in common wheat. | vrn-1/fr-1 chromosomal regions of common wheat possess major qtls for both winter hardiness (fr) and vernalization requirement (vrn). the vrn-1/fr-1 intervals are assigned to long arms of the homologous group 5 chromosomes. to investigate the role of the vrn-1/fr-1 intervals on the low-temperature (lt) inducibility of wheat cor/lea genes and its putative transcription factor gene wcbf2, lt response of these genes was monitored using near-isogenic lines (nils) for the vrn-1 loci. the wcbf2 transc ... | 2005 | 15668223 |
| wheat (triticum aestivum) is susceptible to the parasitic angiosperm striga hermonthica, a major cereal pathogen in africa. | abstract striga hermonthica is a parasitic weed endemic to sub-saharan africa. it most commonly parasitizes sorghum, maize, pearl millet, and upland rice, lowering yields and affecting the welfare of over 100 million people, principally subsistence farmers. cereal crops with complete resistance to this pathogen have not been reported. in southern and eastern africa, where striga spp. are endemic, 5.6 million ha of wheat are cultivated annually. despite this, there are only isolated field reports ... | 2005 | 18943360 |
| identification, chromosome location, and diagnostic markers for a new gene (yrcn19) for resistance to wheat stripe rust. | abstract several wheat lines and cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum) originating from the southwestern region of china were found to be highly resistant to stripe rust by inoculation with the prevalent races (cyr30, cyr31, and cyr32) and newly emerged races (h46-4, sy11-4 and sy11-14) of the pathogen. an inheritance study of the resistance to stripe rust was carried out by crossing resistant aim6 with susceptible beiz76. results indicated that the resistance to stripe rust was controlled by a ... | 2005 | 18943356 |
| cobalt(ii) coordination compounds of ethyl 4-methyl-5-imidazolecarboxylate: chemical and biochemical characterization on photosynthesis and seed germination. | in this work we present the synthesis, structural and spectroscopic characterization of co(2+) coordination compounds with ethyl 4-methyl-5-imidazolecarboxylate (emizco). the effects of emizco, the metal salts cocl(2).6h(2)o, cobr(2), co(no(3))(2).6h(2)o and their metal coordination compounds [co(emizco)(2)cl(2)], [co(emizco)(2) br(2)].h(2)o, [co(emizco)(2) (h(2)o)(2)(no(2))(2).2h(2)o were evaluated on photosynthesis in spinach chloroplasts. seed germination and seedling growth of the monocotyle ... | 2005 | 18365092 |
| effects of herbicide chlorimuron-ethyl on physiological mechanisms in wheat (triticum aestivum). | changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes including peroxidases (pod) and superoxide dismutases (sod) and in the contents of chlorophyll (chl), malondialdehyde (mda), and soluble proteins (sp) in wheat (triticum aestivum) under the stress of chlorimuron-ethyl in soil were examined. chlorimuron-ethyl induced oxidative stress that was indicated by elevated mda content in leaves and roots after a 1-day exposure. the 300-microg/kg chlorimuron-ethyl treatment caused significant damage to chl acc ... | 2006 | 15925408 |
| short-term bioassay responses to sludge products and leachate. | recycling of sewage sludge is needed in a sustainable society. quality aspects of sludge include hygiene (pathogens), nutrients (n and p), and toxicants (metals and organics). metals are of particular concern because they are not degradable, but their hazards are related to their bioavailability and chemical speciation. in this article, the effect on sludge quality of two treatment methods, incineration and pelletization, has been determined for digested sludge from two treatment plants. the com ... | 2006 | 16865600 |
| assessment of comparative toxicities of lead and copper using plant assay. | the acute toxicities of lead (pb) and copper (cu) to important crop plants sorghum bicolor, cucumis sativus, triticum aestivum, and zea mays were compared. the ec50 values (the concentration of metals in the soil that reduces the growth of shoots and roots by 50%) were derived using the trimmed spearman-karber method. the ec50s-shoot (root) in mg pb kg-1 dry soil and mg cu kg-1 dry soil were in the range of 519 to >1280 (285-445), and 48-232 (<40-110), respectively. those concentrations are like ... | 2006 | 16153686 |
| the possibility of useful usage of biodegradation products of sunflower plants. | heads of sunflower (helianthus annuus l.) were first biodegraded at 55 degrees c by their microflora. biodegradation products of sunflower heads (bpsh) were analyzed. they were found to contain 9.77% dry matter, 3.98% total ash, 3.18% crude protein and 5.75% total organic matter. bod load was determined as 4.80 g/100 g. subsequently, the effects of bpsh at various concentrations (1.0%, 2.5%, 10% and 100%) on the seed germination and some growth parameters of phaseolus vulgaris l., cicer arietinu ... | 2006 | 15922594 |
| cuticular uptake of xenobiotics into living plants. part 2: influence of the xenobiotic dose on the uptake of bentazone, epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin, applied in the presence of various surfactants, into chenopodium album, sinapis alba and triticum aestivum leaves. | this study has determined the uptake of three pesticides, applied as commercial or model formulations in the presence of a wide range of surfactants, into the leaves of three plant species (bentazone into chenopodium album l. and sinapis alba l., epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin into triticum aestivum l.). the results have confirmed previous findings that the initial dose (nmol mm(-2)) of xenobiotic applied to plant foliage is a strong, positive determinant of uptake. this held true for all the ... | 2006 | 16718743 |
| structural changes of plant residues during decomposition in a compost environment. | the degradation of plant material during composting was investigated qualitatively by scanning electron microscopy (sem) and quantitatively by chemical methods. decomposition of miscanthus (miscanthus oogiformis l.), hemp (cannabis sativa l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) straw was observed by placing litterbags containing these materials in compost piles. hemp and miscanthus straw were more stable than wheat straw, but the two materials differed in the way they were degraded despite similar ... | 2006 | 15990291 |
| is photosynthetic transcriptional regulation in triticum aestivum l. cv. 'tugeladn' a contributing factor for tolerance to diuraphis noxia (homoptera: aphididae)? | diuraphis noxia (russian wheat aphid, rwa) is a major pest on wheat in south africa and most other wheat growing countries. being a probing-sucking insect, rwas insert their stylets into the phloem sieve elements and feed on the phloem sap. this feeding causes necrotic lesions in resistant varieties, or decoloration of leaves and death in susceptible varieties. in an effort to broaden our understanding on the response of the plant to rwa feeding, we synthesized and analyzed expressed sequence ta ... | 2006 | 16328390 |
| biotypic variation among north american russian wheat aphid (homoptera: aphididae) populations. | the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko) (homoptera: aphididae), has been a major economic pest of small grains in the western united states since its introduction in 1986. recently, a new russian wheat aphid biotype was discovered in southeastern colorado that damaged previously resistant wheat, triticum aestivum l. biotype development jeopardizes the durability of plant resistance, which has been a cornerstone for russian wheat aphid management. our objective was to assess the rela ... | 2006 | 17066823 |
| the reactive oxygen species are involved in resistance responses of wheat to the russian wheat aphid. | the effect of russian wheat aphid (rwa), diuraphis noxia (mordvilko), infestation on the hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) content and nadph oxidase (ec 1.6.3.1) activity was studied in the resistant (cv. tugela dn) and near-isogenic susceptible (cv. tugela) wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the objective of this study was to investigate the involvement of the reactive oxygen species (ros) during the resistance responses against the rwa. infestation significantly induced an early accumulation of the h(2) ... | 2006 | 17032617 |
| molecular basis of plant gene expression during aphid invasion: wheat pto- and pti-like sequences are involved in interactions between wheat and russian wheat aphid (homoptera: aphididae). | the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko) (homoptera: aphididae), is a major pest of bread wheat, triticum aestivum l. (em thell), in most wheat-growing areas worldwide. aphid-resistant cultivars are used to combat this pest, but very little is known about the molecular basis of resistance. in this study, differential gene expression in d. noxia biotype 1-resistant wheat plants containing the dnx gene and d. noxia biotype 1 feeding on dnx plants was investigated using suppressive subt ... | 2006 | 16937702 |
| positive correlation of fitness with group size in two biotypes of russian wheat aphid (homoptera: aphididae). | changes in fitness parameters as a function of colony size (one versus 10 aphids) were measured in two biotypes (rwa1 and rwa2) of the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko) (homoptera: aphididae), feeding on three cultivars of wheat, triticum aestivum l., at two temperatures. 'trego' is a cultivar with no specific resistance to d. noxia, whereas, 'stanton' and 'halt' express dny and dn4 resistance sources, respectively. feeding in a group accelerated the development of rwa1 on trego a ... | 2006 | 16937675 |
| resistance to biotype 2 russian wheat aphid (homoptera: aphididae) in two wheat lines. | biotype 2 of the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko), was identified in the united states in 2003 and is virulent to all commercially available cultivars of winter wheat, triticum aestivum l., that are resistant to biotype 1. we compared the development and reproduction of biotype 2 d. noxia at 21.7 +/- 0.12 degrees c on 'trego' (pi 612576), a susceptible commercial cultivar, and on lines ci 2401 and 03gd1378027 that represent putative resistance sources. ci 2401 is a pure wheat lin ... | 2006 | 16686158 |
| identification of common root-lesion nematode (pratylenchus thornei sher et allen) loci in bread wheat. | plant parasitic nematodes are a major biotic cause of wheat-yield loss in temperate wheat-growing regions. a major strategy to develop resistance to root-lesion nematodes (rlns) in wheat is to assess and then exploit their natural genetic variation. this study examines rln (pratylenchus thornei) resistance in 1 middle eastern landrace (aus4930 7.2) and 1 synthetic hexaploid wheat, croc_1/ae. squarrosa (224)//opata (croc), using f2 and f9 populations generated by crossing aus4930 7.2 and croc wit ... | 2006 | 17213914 |
| inter- and intra-guild interactions related to aphids in nettle (urtica dioica l.) strips closed to field crops. | a field experiment designed to assess the biodiversity related to nettle strips closed to crops, and more particularly the aphid and related beneficial populations, was established in experimental farm located in gembloux (belgium). margin strips of nettle (urtica dioica) closed to wheat (triticum aestivum), green pea (pisum sativum) and rape (brassicae napus) fields were investigated. the diversity, abundance of aphids and related predators were analysed according to the plant crop species and ... | 2006 | 17385508 |
| changes in hydrophilic antioxidant activity in avena sativa and triticum aestivum leaves of different age during de-etiolation and high-light treatment. | the steady-state of reactive oxygen species (ros) in plant cells is controlled by ros-producing and scavenging agents. a large cellular pool of antioxidant metabolites is involved in their control. variations in this antioxidant pool may be monitored by measuring changes in hydrophilic antioxidant activity (free radical-quenching activity of water-soluble components) and ascorbic acid levels. the de-etiolation process and induction of light stress in avena sativa and triticum aestivum leaves wer ... | 2006 | 16628378 |
| quantification of benzoxazinone derivatives in wheat (triticum aestivum) varieties grown under contrasting conditions in denmark. | three varieties of winter wheat (triticum aestivum) were grown in both conventional and organic farming systems. the contents of the benzoxazinone derivatives 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (dimboa), 2-beta-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (dimboa-glc), 6-methoxybenzoxazolin-2-one (mboa), 2-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (hmboa), benzoxazolin-2-one (boa), and 2-hydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (hboa) were analyzed at five growth stages (bbch 9-10, 12 ... | 2006 | 16478212 |
| concentration of benzoxazinoids in roots of field-grown wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties. | benzoxazinones are naturally occurring secondary metabolites of some gramineae plants, responsible for their resistance to some pathogenic fungi and for their allelopathic action. six varieties of winter wheat grown in fields under organic or conventional systems and 11 old accessions were tested for two consecutive seasons and three plant development stages for the concentration in their roots of cyclic hydroxamic acids and their degradation products. this is the first report of six benzoxazino ... | 2006 | 16478211 |
| trends in comparative genetics and their potential impacts on wheat and barley research. | we review some general points about comparative mapping, the evolution of gene families and recent advances in the understanding of angiosperm phylogeny. these are considered in relation to studies of large-genome cereals, particularly barley (hordeum vulgare) and wheat (triticum aestivum), with reference to methods of gene isolation. the relative merits of direct map-based cloning in barley and wheat, utilization of the smaller genome of rice (oryza sativa) and gene homology methods that utiliz ... | 2006 | 11999846 |
| rna interference-based gene silencing as an efficient tool for functional genomics in hexaploid bread wheat. | insertional mutagenesis and gene silencing are efficient tools for the determination of gene function. in contrast to gain- or loss-of-function approaches, rna interference (rnai)-induced gene silencing can possibly silence multigene families and homoeologous genes in polyploids. this is of great importance for functional studies in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum), where most of the genes are present in at least three homoeologous copies and conventional insertional mutagenesis is not effect ... | 2006 | 16861570 |
| enzyme activities and arylsulfatase protein content of dust and the soil source: biochemical fingerprints? | little is known about the potential of enzyme activities, which are sensitive to soil properties and management, for the characterization of dust properties. enzyme activities may be among the dust properties key to identifying the soil source of dust. we generated dust (27 and 7 microm) under controlled laboratory conditions from agricultural soils (0-5 cm) with history of continuous cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) or cotton rotated with peanut (arachis hypogaea l.), sorghum [sorghum bicolor (l. ... | 2006 | 15356225 |
| toward a cytogenetically based physical map of the wheat genome. | bread wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell) is well suited for cytogenetic analysis because the genome, buffered by polyploidy, can tolerate structurally and numerically engineered chromosomes for analysis over infinite generations. this feature of polyploidy can be used in developing a high-resolution, cytogenetically based physical map of the wheat genome. we show that numerous deletions, observed in the progeny of a monosomic addition of a chromosome from triticum cylindricum in wheat, result ... | 2006 | 1360666 |
| fructan chemical structure and sensitivity to an exohydrolase. | a fructan exohydrolase selective for (2----1)-linked terminal fructosyl linkages, isolated from barley (hordeum vulgare l. cv. morex) stems and leaf sheaths, was used to elucidate the chemical structures of several oligomeric fructans extracted from liliaceous and graminaceous species. products released by enzymic and mild acid hydrolysis were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of partially methylated alditol acetates p ... | 2006 | 1797396 |
| an improved grafting technique for mature arabidopsis plants demonstrates long-distance shoot-to-root transport of phytochelatins in arabidopsis. | phytochelatins (pcs) are peptides that function in heavy-metal chelation and detoxification in plants and fungi. a recent study showed that pcs have the ability to undergo long-distance transport in a root-to-shoot direction in transgenic arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). to determine whether long-distance transport of pcs can occur in the opposite direction, from shoots to roots, the wheat (triticum aestivum) pc synthase (tapcs1) gene was expressed under the control of a shoot-specific promot ... | 2006 | 16531489 |
| distribution of pathotypes with regard to host cultivars in french wheat leaf rust populations. | abstract isolates of wheat leaf rust collected from durum and bread wheat cultivars in france during 1999-2002 were analyzed for virulence on 18 thatcher lines with single genes for leaf rust resistance (lr genes). sampling focused on the five most widely grown bread wheat cultivars (two susceptible and three resistant) to allow statistical comparison of diversity indexes between the cultivars. leaf rust populations from durum and bread wheats were different. the diversity of the bread wheat lea ... | 2006 | 18944441 |
| inhibition of blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici germination and partial enhancement of wheat defenses by milsana. | abstract the prophylactic efficiency of milsana against powdery mildew was evaluated on wheat (triticum aestivum). a single short spraying on 10-day-old plantlets reduced the infection level by 85% and two long sprayings led to the total restriction of the disease. although microscopic studies showed that milsana treatments enhance hydrogen peroxide accumulation at the fungal penetration site, biochemical analysis did not allow us to correlate this accumulation with the activation of several enz ... | 2006 | 18943966 |
| quantitative trait loci mapping for adult-plant resistance to powdery mildew in bread wheat. | abstract powdery mildew, caused by blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, is a major disease to wheat (triticum aestivum) worldwide. use of adult-plant resistance (apr) is an effective method to develop wheat cultivars with durable resistance to powdery mildew. in the present study, 432 molecular markers were used to map quantitative trait loci (qtl) for apr to powdery mildew in a doubled haploid (dh) population with 107 lines derived from the cross fukuho-komugi x oligoculm. field trials were conduc ... | 2006 | 18943153 |
| stagonospora nodorum: cause of stagonospora nodorum blotch of wheat. | summary stagonospora nodorum is an important pathogen of wheat and related cereals, causing both a leaf and glume blotch. this review summarizes recent advances in our understanding of taxonomy, control and pathogenicity of this species. taxonomy: stagonospora (syn. septoria) nodorum (berk.) castell. and germano [teleomorph: phaeosphaeria (syn. leptosphaeria) nodorum (müll.) hedjar.], kingdom fungi, phylum ascomycota, subphylum euascomycota, class dothideomycetes, order pleosporales, family phae ... | 2006 | 20507435 |
| expression and transport characterisation of the wheat low-affinity cation transporter (lct1) in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. | the low-affinity cation transporter (lct1) from wheat (triticum aestivum) was expressed in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris and its transport characteristics studied employing ca(45) and cd(109). a clone (lct1#3) with the highest uptake of 14pmol of ca/10(6)cells/10min when exposed to 100microm ca(45) was chosen for further ca(45) and cd(109) transport characteristics. we report for the first time a k(m) for ca by lct1 of 0.43+/-0.15mm ca activity which confirms lct1 to be a low affinity ... | 2006 | 16631619 |
| development of a high-throughput purification method and a continuous assay system for chlorophyllase. | in the degradation of chlorophyll, chlorophyllase catalyzes the initial hydrolysis of the phytol moiety from the pigment. since chlorophyll degradation is a defining feature of plant senescence, compounds inhibiting chlorophyllase activity may delay senescence, thereby improving shelf life and appearance of plant products. here we describe the development of a 96-well plate-based purification and assay system for measuring chlorophyllase activity. integrated lysis and immobilized metal affinity ... | 2006 | 16643837 |
| [genetic control of effective juvenile resistance to leaf rust in collection accessions of triticum aestivum l]. | of 153 accessions reported to be resistant to leaf rust (puccinia recondita rob. ex. desm.), only 70 were not affected by a pooled p. recondita population. according to phytopathological tests (inoculation with test clones), 14 accessions contained the lr19 gene; 36, the lr24 gene; 1, the lr41 gene; and 19 presumably had the lr9 gene. the presence of these resistance genes was confirmed by hybrid analysis for 26 accessions. of 28 accessions reported to carry new effective resistance genes other ... | 2006 | 16649664 |
| high-speed counter-current chromatography for the study of defense metabolites in wheat. characterization of 5,6-o-methyl trans-aconitic acid. | high-speed counter-current chromatography (hsccc) methods were developed for the study of induced defense metabolites in wheat (triticum aestivum) against powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici). a single hsccc purification step afforded extraction of mg-quantities of an induced compound with antifungal activity. subsequent lc-ms and nmr analyses have led to the characterization of 5,6-o-methyl trans-aconitic acid, the first such report of this compound in a plant species. the inducibl ... | 2006 | 16650851 |
| identification of differentially regulated proteins in response to a compatible interaction between the pathogen fusarium graminearum and its host, triticum aestivum. | using proteomic analyses, a study was carried out aimed at understanding the molecular mechanism of interaction between fusarium graminearum and triticum aestivum. wheat spikelets were inoculated with h2o and conidia spores of f. graminearum. proteins were extracted from spikelets harvested at three time points: 1, 2 and 3 days post inoculation. about 1380 protein spots were displayed on 2-d gels stained with sypro ruby. in total, 41 proteins were detected to be differentially regulated due to f ... | 2006 | 16858732 |
| [molecular marker mapping of the gene resistant to common bunt transferred from aegilops cylindrica into bread wheat]. | introgression lines 5/55-91 and 378/2000 of bread wheat contain the gene of resistance to tilletia caries (dc.) tul. transferred from aegilops cylindrica host. using bulked segregant analysis with issr and ssr pcr the lincage of microsatellite locus xgwm 259 with the gene of common bunt resistance has been identified in f2 population of 378/2000 x lutestens 23397. dna mapping made it possible to localize this highly effective gene in the intercalary region of the long arm of wheat chromosome 1b ... | 2006 | 16865982 |
| rapid differentiation of experimental populations of wheat for heading time in response to local climatic conditions. | dynamic management (dm) of genetic resources aims at maintaining genetic variability between different populations evolving under natural selection in contrasting environments. in 1984, this strategy was applied in a pilot experiment on wheat (triticum aestivum). spatio-temporal evolution of earliness and its components (partial vernalization sensitivity, daylength sensitivity and earliness per se that determines flowering time independently of environmental stimuli) was investigated in this mul ... | 2006 | 16868000 |
| modeling the environmental fate of cadmium in a large wastewater irrigation area. | the fate of cadmium in soils is governed by spatially heterogeneous processes that proceed from decades to centuries. this study aimed at modeling the fate of cd within the wastewater irrigation area (wia) of braunschweig (germany). the sandy soils (mainly dystric cambisol or typic haplumbrept) at this site (28 km2) have received considerable loads of heavy metals by irrigation of municipal wastewater for up to 40 yr. the soils of the wia are in agricultural use. the main crops are sugar beet (b ... | 2006 | 16899742 |
| rapid generation of new powdery mildew resistance genes after wheat domestication. | plant defence against pathogens is controlled by disease resistance (r) gene products that directly or indirectly detect specific pathogen effectors. plant-pathogen interactions have been proposed to follow a co-evolutionary arms-race model where r genes are recent and evolve rapidly in response to structural changes in matching pathogen effectors. however, the longevity and extensive polymorphism of r genes studied were more consistent with balancing selection maintaining ancient and diverse r ... | 2006 | 16740148 |
| molecular and structural characterization of hexameric beta-d-glucosidases in wheat and rye. | the wheat (triticum aestivum) and rye (secale cereale) beta-d-glucosidases hydrolyze hydroxamic acid-glucose conjugates, exist as different types of isozyme, and function as oligomers. in this study, three cdnas encoding beta-d-glucosidases (taglu1a, taglu1b, and taglu1c) were isolated from young wheat shoots. although the taglu1s share very high sequence homology, the mrna level of taglu1c was much lower than the other two genes in 48- and 96-h-old wheat shoots. the expression ratio of each gen ... | 2006 | 16751439 |
| [transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.) with increased resistance to the storage pest obtained by agrobacterium tumefaciens--mediated]. | the transgenic wheat of improved resistance to the storage pest was production. we have introduced the cowpea trypsin inhibitor gene (cpti) into cultured embryonic callus cells of immature embryos of wheat elite line by agrobacterium-mediated method. independent plantlets were obtained from the kanamycin-resistant calli after screening. pcr and real time pcr analysis, pcr-southern and southern blot hybridization indicated that there were 3 transgenic plants viz. transformed- i, ii and iii (t- i, ... | 2006 | 16755923 |
| [study on molecular identification and pre-harvest sprouting characteristic of the transgenic anti-trxs-gene wheat line 00t89]. | pre-harvest sprouting of wheat is caused by a series of enzymes, in which alpha-amylase plays a key role. thioredoxin (trx) is an important protein capable of reducing s-s to -sh. the authors transferred the anti-trxs gene into wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) cultivar wanmai 48 in 2000 in order to obtain a transgenic line with low activities of trx and alpha-amylase in wheat seeds to enhance their resistance to pre-harvest sprouting. in this work, a pair of specific anti-trxs primers were used in ... | 2006 | 16755924 |
| pathway of sugar transport in germinating wheat seeds. | three homeologous genes encoding a sucrose (suc) transporter (sut) in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum), tasut1a, 1b, and 1d, were expressed in germinating seeds, where their function is unknown. all three tasut1 proteins were confirmed to be capable of transporting both suc and maltose by complementation tests with the susy7/ura3 yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) mutant strain. the role of suc transporters in germinating grain was examined by combining in situ hybridization, immunolocalization ... | 2006 | 16766668 |
| sources of variation in the interaction between three cereal aphids (hemiptera: aphididae) and wheat (poaceae). | the relative contributions of host plant, herbivore species and clone to variation in the interaction between cereal aphids and wheat were investigated using five clones each of three species, rhopalosiphum padi (linnaeus), sitobion avenae (fabricius) and schizaphis graminum (rondani), on seedlings of two cultivars of triticum aestivum l. and one cultivar of triticum durum desf. more individuals and biomass of r. padi than of the other two species were produced on seedlings. the three wheat cult ... | 2006 | 16768811 |
| transgenic wheat progeny resistant to powdery mildew generated by agrobacterium inoculum to the basal portion of wheat seedling. | to improve the transformation efficiency of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens, we explored the possibility of employing the basal portion of wheat seedling (shoot apical meristem) as the explants. three genotypes of wheat were transformed by a. tumefaciens carrying beta-1, 3-glucanase gene. after vernalization, the seeds to be transformed were germinated. when these seedlings grew up to 2 approximately 5 cm, their coleoptile and half of the cotyledon were cut out ... | 2006 | 16773333 |
| heat-stable phytases in transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.): deposition pattern, thermostability, and phytate hydrolysis. | the present paper addresses the question of thermotolerance of in planta synthesized heterologous enzymes using phytase as a model. two individual transgenic wheat materials expressing an aspergillus fumigatus phytase with a low denaturation temperature (62.5 degrees c) but a high refolding capacity, and a rationally designed consensus phytase engineered to a high denaturation temperature (89.3 degrees c), were evaluated. high levels of endosperm specific expression were ensured by the wheat hig ... | 2006 | 16787007 |
| phosphate (pi) and arsenate uptake by two wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars and their doubled haploid lines. | arsenic accumulation in cereal crops represents an important pathway for human exposure to arsenic from the environment. the objectives of the present work were to find whether the relationship between arsenate and phosphate (pi) uptake rate differs among genotypes and to select genotypes with a low arsenate uptake rate with the aim of improving food safety and human health. | 2006 | 16803848 |
| impact of eurygaster maura (heteroptera: scutelleridae) feeding on quality of bread wheat in relation to attack period. | sunn pest (or cereal bug) (heteroptera: pentatomidae and scutelleridae) infestations of wheat, triticum aestivum l., in the grain filling stage have the potential to adversely affect the quality of harvested grain for bread making. in the absence of resistant wheat cultivars, producers must rely on chemical control to protect their crop from sunn pest infestations. to implement an efficient environment friendly control strategy, there is a need to pinpoint the relationships between the timing of ... | 2006 | 16813309 |
| molecular detection of qtls for agronomic and quality traits in a doubled haploid population derived from two canadian wheats (triticum aestivum l.). | development of high-yielding wheat varieties with good end-use quality has always been a major concern for wheat breeders. to genetically dissect quantitative trait loci (qtls) for yield-related traits such as grain yield, plant height, maturity, lodging, test weight and thousand-grain weight, and for quality traits such as grain and flour protein content, gluten strength as evaluated by mixograph and sds sedimentation volume, an f1-derived doubled haploid (dh) population of 185 individuals was ... | 2006 | 16838135 |
| solubilization of potassium-bearing minerals by a wild-type strain of bacillus edaphicus and its mutants and increased potassium uptake by wheat. | two potassium (k)-bearing minerals, nanjing feldspar and suzhou illite, were used to investigate k mobilization by the wild-type strain nbt of bacillus edaphicus, also labeled mps+, selected for high activity in mobilizing potassium from minerals, and by four of its uv + licl mutants, mps++, mps+1, mps+2, and mps-. in liquid cultures, the five bacterial strains showed better growth on suzhou illite than on nanjing feldspar. suzhou illite was the better potassium source for the growth of the wild ... | 2006 | 16541160 |
| molecular cytogenetic characterization of four partial wheat-thinopyrum ponticum amphiploids and their reactions to fusarium head blight, tan spot, and stagonospora nodorum blotch. | four wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-thinopyrum ponticum derivatives ss5 (pi604926), ss156 (pi604947), ss363 (pi604970), and ss660 (pi604879), were identified as resistant to fusarium head blight (fhb), a serious fungal disease of wheat worldwide. seedling reactions to tan spot and stagonospora nodorum blotch (snb), two important foliar diseases of wheat, suggest that these four derivatives are resistant to tan spot and two of them (ss5 and ss156) are resistant to snb. fluorescent genomic in situ h ... | 2006 | 16544125 |
| gludy allele variations in aegilops tauschii and triticum aestivum: implications for the origins of hexaploid wheats. | to investigate the evolution and geographical origins of hexaploid wheat, we examined a 284 bp sequence from the promoter region of the gludy locus, coding for the y subunit of high-molecular-weight glutenin. fourteen different alleles were found in 100 accessions of aegilops tauschii and 169 of triticum aestivum. two alleles were present in both species; the other 7 alleles from ae. tauschii and 5 from t. aestivum were unique to their respective species. the two shared alleles differed at only ... | 2006 | 16568284 |
| spent growth medium of pantoea agglomerans primes wheat suspension cells for augmented accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and enhanced peroxidase activity upon elicitation. | induced disease resistance in plants is based on multiple mechanisms, including cell "priming", i.e. an enhancement of the capacity to mobilize cellular defense responses upon pathogen attack. potent inducers of priming are, for example, salicylic acid, synthetic compounds such as a benzothiadiazole, and certain rhizosphere bacteria. while priming is well characterized for a number of dicot plants, only few cases of priming are documented in monocots. here, we report that the spent growth medium ... | 2006 | 16596409 |
| promoter shuffling at a nuclear gene for mitochondrial rpl27. involvement of interchromosome and subsequent intrachromosome recombinations. | the reclinomonas americana mitochondrial genome contains a mitochondrial ribosomal protein l27 (rpl27) gene, whereas the rpl27 gene is absent from all plant mitochondrial genomes examined to date. this suggests that plant mitochondrial rpl27 genes have been transferred previously from the mitochondrial genome to the nuclear genome. a nuclear cdna encoding mitochondrial rpl27 was identified in rice (oryza sativa). three similar sequences were identified: rpl27-1 and rpl27-2 on chromosome 8 and rp ... | 2006 | 16603668 |
| effects of molybdenum on antioxidative defense system and membrane lipid peroxidation in winter wheat under low temperature stress. | effects of molybdenum (mo) on antioxidative defense system and membrane lipid peroxidation in leaves of winter wheat (triticum aestivum h. var. huamai 8) were investigated under low temperature stress. results of experiments indicate that mo application in winter wheat induced a dramatic decrease in electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content under low temperature stress. the activities of antioxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (sod, ec 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (pox, ec 1.11.1.7) an ... | 2006 | 16622316 |
| puroindoline-a and alpha1-purothionin form ion channels in giant liposomes but exert different toxic actions on murine cells. | puroindoline-a (pin-a) and alpha1-purothionin (alpha1-pth), isolated from wheat endosperm of triticum aestivum sp., have been suggested to play a role in plant defence mechanisms against phytopathogenic organisms. we investigated their ability to form pores when incorporated into giant liposomes using the patch-clamp technique. pin-a formed cationic channels (approximately 15 ps) with the following selectivity k(+) > na(+) >> cl(-). also, alpha1-pth formed channels of approximately 46 ps and 125 ... | 2006 | 16623707 |
| high-density mapping and comparative analysis of agronomically important traits on wheat chromosome 3a. | bread wheat chromosome 3a has been shown to contain genes/qtls controlling grain yield and other agronomic traits. the objectives of this study were to generate high-density physical and genetic-linkage maps of wheat homoeologous group 3 chromosomes and reveal the physical locations of genes/qtls controlling yield and its component traits, as well as agronomic traits, to obtain a precise estimate of recombination for the corresponding regions and to enrich the qtl-containing regions with markers ... | 2006 | 16624516 |
| characterization of contamination in and toxicities of a shipyard area in hong kong. | this is the first integrated study on the contaminant characterization and toxicities of a shipyard area. this site in hong kong contained 3.6-33.4 mg kg(-1) dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and 5-79 g kg(-1) oil and grease. other pollutants exceeding the dutch intervention values were total polyaromatic hydrocarbons, total petroleum hydrocarbons, and metals cu, pb and zn. these pollutants persisted partially owing to the poor fertility with <125 mg n kg(-1) and <530 mg p kg(-1) typical of coasta ... | 2006 | 16360247 |
| overexpression of ran1 in rice and arabidopsis alters primordial meristem, mitotic progress, and sensitivity to auxin. | ran is an evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic gtpase. we previously identified a cdna of taran1, a novel ran gtpase homologous gene in wheat (triticum aestivum) and demonstrated that taran1 is associated with regulation of genome integrity and cell division in yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) systems. however, much less is known about the function of ran in plant development. to analyze the possible biological roles of ran gtpase, we overexpressed taran1 in transgenic arabidopsis (arabidopsis th ... | 2006 | 16361516 |
| adult plant and seedling resistance to powdery mildew in a triticum aestivum x triticum militinae hybrid line. | in the progeny of a cross between the common wheat cultivar tähti and triticum militinae, a member of the timopheevii group of tetraploid wheats, several hybrid lines were selected that are characterized by improved seedling and adult plant resistance (apr) to powdery mildew. an f2 single-seed descendant mapping population segregating for seedling resistance and apr to powdery mildew was analysed for the identification of quantitative trait loci (qtl). the main qtl responsible for apr was detect ... | 2006 | 16362813 |
| nitrogen balance and groundwater nitrate contamination: comparison among three intensive cropping systems on the north china plain. | the annual nitrogen (n) budget and groundwater nitrate-n concentrations were studied in the field in three major intensive cropping systems in shandong province, north china. in the greenhouse vegetable systems the annual n inputs from fertilizers, manures and irrigation water were 1358, 1881 and 402 kg n ha(-1) on average, representing 2.5, 37.5 and 83.8 times the corresponding values in wheat (triticum aestivum l.)-maize (zea mays l.) rotations and 2.1, 10.4 and 68.2 times the values in apple ... | 2006 | 16364521 |
| targeted mapping of ests linked to the adult plant resistance gene lr46 in wheat using synteny with rice. | the gene lr46 has provided slow-rusting resistance to leaf rust caused by puccinia triticina in wheat (triticum aestivum), which has remained durable for almost 30 years. using linked markers and wheat deletion stocks, we located lr46 in the deletion bin 1bl (0.84-0.89) comprising 5% of the 1bl arm. the distal part of chromosome 1bl of wheat is syntenic to chromosome 5l of rice. wheat expressed sequence tags (ests) mapping in the terminal 15% of chromosome 1bl with significant homology to sequen ... | 2006 | 16374594 |
| purification, cloning and functional characterization of a fructan 6-exohydrolase from wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | fructans, beta2-1 and/or beta2-6 linked polymers of fructose, are produced by fructosyltransferases (fts) from sucrose. they are important storage carbohydrates in many plants. fructan reserves, widely distributed in plants, are believed to be mobilized via fructan exohydrolases (fehs). the purification, cloning, and functional characterization of a 6-feh from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) are reported here. it is the first feh shown to hydrolyse exclusively beta2-6 bonds found in a fructan-produ ... | 2006 | 16330524 |
| both wheat (triticum aestivum) bran arabinoxylans and gut flora-mediated fermentation products protect human colon cells from genotoxic activities of 4-hydroxynonenal and hydrogen peroxide. | dietary fibers are fermented by the gut flora to yield short chain fatty acids (scfas), which inhibit the growth of tumor cells, induce glutathione s-transferases (gsts), and protect cells from the genotoxic activity of 4-hydroxynonenal (hne). here, we investigated effects of wheat bran-derived arabinoxylans and fermentation products on these parameters of chemoprevention. newly isolated water extractable (weax) and alkali extractable arabinoxylans (aeax) were fermented under anaerobic condition ... | 2006 | 16536580 |
| microarray expression analysis of meiosis and microsporogenesis in hexaploid bread wheat. | our understanding of the mechanisms that govern the cellular process of meiosis is limited in higher plants with polyploid genomes. bread wheat is an allohexaploid that behaves as a diploid during meiosis. chromosome pairing is restricted to homologous chromosomes despite the presence of homoeologues in the nucleus. the importance of wheat as a crop and the extensive use of wild wheat relatives in breeding programs has prompted many years of cytogenetic and genetic research to develop an underst ... | 2006 | 17052357 |
| influences of phosphate nutritional level on the phytoavailability and speciation distribution of cadmium and lead in soil. | a pot experiment was conducted to examine the influence of phosphate levels on the phytoavailability and speciation distribution of cadmium (cd), lead (pb) in soil. spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was selected as the tested plant. there were 5 phosphate fertilizer(ca(h2po4)2) levels including 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg p2o5/kg soil, marked by po, p1, p2, p3, and p4, respectively. cdcl2 x 2.5h2o and pb(no3)2 were added to soil as the following levels: cd + pb = 25+0, 0+1000, and 25+1000 mg/k ... | 2006 | 17294973 |
| increased field resistance to tilletia caries provided by a specific antifungal virus gene in genetically engineered wheat. | the field performance of a viral gene in two swiss wheat (triticum aestivum) varieties showed 10% increased fungal resistance against tilletia caries (stinking smut). to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of improved resistance against any fungus in the field achieved by genetic engineering in wheat. the genetically modified wheat lines previously showed a c. 30% decrease in symptoms of t. caries in the glasshouse (clausen, m., kräuter, r., schachermayr, g., potrykus, i. and sau ... | 2006 | 17177786 |
| functional properties of a new low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit gene from a bread wheat cultivar. | some allelic forms of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (lmw-gs) can greatly influence the end-use of wheat flours, understanding the function of each allele of lmw-gs is important to wheat quality breeding. a lmw-gs gene xyglud3-lmwgs 1(ay263369) has been cloned from bread wheat cultivar xiaoyan 6. the deduced protein contained nine cystine residues, one more than that in all other lmw-gss reported previously, indicating that it is either a new gene or a new allele of a known lmw-gs gene. i ... | 2006 | 16932880 |