Publications

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three type-b response regulators, arr1, arr10 and arr12, play essential but redundant roles in cytokinin signal transduction throughout the life cycle of arabidopsis thaliana.arabidopsis thaliana has 11 members belonging to the typical type-b arr (authentic response regulator) family. among them, seven highly homologous members appear also to be conserved in rice (oryza sativa), but others are not. it was suggested that these seven arrs are commonly implicated as dna-binding transcription factors in the phosphorelay-mediated cytokinin signal transduction network in higher plants. to gain an insight into the functions of the cytokinin-associated type-b arrs, we previo ...200818037673
plant metabolomics reveals conserved and divergent metabolic responses to salinity.new metabolic profiling technologies provide data on a wider range of metabolites than traditional targeted approaches. metabolomic technologies currently facilitate acquisition of multivariate metabolic data using diverse, mostly hyphenated, chromatographic detection systems, such as gc-ms or liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy or nmr-based methods. analysis of the resulting data can be performed through a combination of non-supervised a ...200818251862
transposable elements in coffea (gentianales: rubiacea) transcripts and their role in the origin of protein diversity in flowering plants.transposable elements are major components of plant genomes and they influence their evolution, acting as recombination hot spots, acquiring specific cell functions or becoming part of protein-coding regions. the latter is the subject of the present analysis. this study is a report on the annotation of transposable elements (tes) in expressed sequences of coffea arabica, coffea canephora and coffea racemosa, showing the occurrence of 383 ests and 142 unigenes with te fragments in these three cof ...200818231813
modulating rice stress tolerance by transcription factors.plants are non-mobile organisms and have to adapt to environmental stresses mostly by modulating their growth and development in addition to physiological and biochemical changes. transcription factors (tfs) regulate genome expression in response to environmental and physiological signals, and some of them switch on plant adaptive developmental and physiological pathways. one tf is encoded by a single gene but regulates the expression of several other genes leading to the activation of complex a ...200821412363
planttribes: a gene and gene family resource for comparative genomics in plants.the planttribes database (http://fgp.huck.psu.edu/tribe.html) is a plant gene family database based on the inferred proteomes of five sequenced plant species: arabidopsis thaliana, carica papaya, medicago truncatula, oryza sativa and populus trichocarpa. we used the graph-based clustering algorithm mcl [van dongen (technical report ins-r0010 2000) and enright et al. (nucleic acids res. 2002; 30: 1575-1584)] to classify all of these species' protein-coding genes into putative gene families, calle ...200818073194
presence of a latent mitochondrial targeting signal in gene on mitochondrial genome.organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, are derived from endosymbionts. gene transfer events from organelles to the nucleus have occurred over evolutionary time. in the case that a transferred gene in the nucleus needs to go back to the original organelle, it must obtain targeting information for sorting its protein to that organelle. here, we reveal that the genes for the ribosomal proteins l2 and s4 in the arabidopsis thaliana mitochondrial (mt) genome contain information for protei ...200818573842
developmental role and auxin responsiveness of class iii homeodomain leucine zipper gene family members in rice.members of the class iii homeodomain leucine zipper (class iii hd-zip) gene family are central regulators of crucial aspects of plant development. to better understand the roles of five class iii hd-zip genes in rice (oryza sativa) development, we investigated their expression patterns, ectopic expression phenotypes, and auxin responsiveness. four genes, oshb1 to oshb4, were expressed in a localized domain of the shoot apical meristem (sam), the adaxial cells of leaf primordia, the leaf margins, ...200818567825
the common function of a novel subfamily of b-box zinc finger proteins with reference to circadian-associated events in arabidopsis thaliana.over 1,600 genes encoding putative transcription factors have been identified in the arabidopsis genome sequence, however, their physiological functions are not yet fully understood. in this study, a small subfamily of double b-box zinc finger (dbb, double b-box) genes, encoding eight putative transcription factors, were characterized with reference to the circadian rhythm and the early photomorphogenic regulation of hypocotyl elongation in response to light signals. among these, it was found th ...200818540109
comparative analysis of divergent and convergent gene pairs and their expression patterns in rice, arabidopsis, and populus.comparative analysis of the organization and expression patterns of divergent and convergent gene pairs in multiple plant genomes can identify patterns that are shared by more than one species or are unique to a particular species. here, we study the coexpression and interspecies conservation of divergent and convergent gene pairs in three plant species: rice (oryza sativa), arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), and black cottonwood (populus trichocarpa). strongly correlated expression levels betw ...200818515639
substitution of the gene for chloroplast rps16 was assisted by generation of a dual targeting signal.organelle (mitochondria and chloroplasts in plants) genomes lost a large number of genes after endosymbiosis occurred. even after this major gene loss, organelle genomes still lose their own genes, even those that are essential, via gene transfer to the nucleus and gene substitution of either different organelle origin or de novo genes. gene transfer and substitution events are important processes in the evolution of the eukaryotic cell. gene loss is an ongoing process in the mitochondria and ch ...200818453549
phylogenomics of plant genomes: a methodology for genome-wide searches for orthologs in plants.gene ortholog identification is now a major objective for mining the increasing amount of sequence data generated by complete or partial genome sequencing projects. comparative and functional genomics urgently need a method for ortholog detection to reduce gene function inference and to aid in the identification of conserved or divergent genetic pathways between several species. as gene functions change during evolution, reconstructing the evolutionary history of genes should be a more accurate ...200818426584
genome-wide analysis of heat shock transcription factor families in rice and arabidopsis.the heat shock transcription factors (hsfs) are the major heat shock factors regulating the heat stress response. they participate in regulating the expression of heat shock proteins (hsps), which are critical in the protection against stress damage and many other important biological processes. study of the hsf gene family is important for understanding the mechanism by which plants respond to stress. the completed genome sequences of rice (oryza sativa) and arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) c ...200818407058
dual coding of sirnas and mirnas by plant transposable elements.we recently proposed a specific model whereby mirnas encoded from short nonautonomous dna-type tes known as mites evolved from corresponding ancestral full-length (autonomous) elements that originally encoded short interfering (sirnas). our mirna-origins model predicts that evolutionary intermediates may exist as tes that encode both sirnas and mirnas, and we analyzed arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa (rice) genomic sequence and expression data to test this prediction. we found a number of e ...200818367716
identification and verification of microrna in wheat (triticum aestivum).micrornas (mirnas) are small, endogenous rnas that regulate gene expression in both plants and animals. a large number of mirnas has been identified from various animals and model plant species such as arabidopsis thaliana and rice (oryza sativa); however, characteristics of wheat (triticum aestivum) mirnas are poorly understood. here, computational identification of mirnas from wheat est sequences was preformed by using the in-house program genomicsvm, a prediction model for mirnas. this study ...200818357413
on the expansion of the pentatricopeptide repeat gene family in plants.pentatricopeptide repeat (ppr) proteins form a huge family in plants (450 members in arabidopsis and 477 in rice) defined by tandem repetitions of characteristic sequence motifs. some of these proteins have been shown to play a role in posttranscriptional processes within organelles, and they are thought to be sequence-specific rna-binding proteins. the origins of this family are obscure as they are lacking from almost all prokaryotes, and the spectacular expansion of the family in land plants i ...200818343892
brachypodium genomics.brachypodium distachyon (l.) beauv. is a temperate wild grass species; its morphological and genomic characteristics make it a model system when compared to many other grass species. it has a small genome, short growth cycle, self-fertility, many diploid accessions, and simple growth requirements. in addition, it is phylogenetically close to economically important crops, like wheat and barley, and several potential biofuel grasses. it exhibits agricultural traits similar to those of these target ...200818309367
a maize constans-like gene, conz1, exhibits distinct diurnal expression patterns in varied photoperiods.maize (zea mays ssp. mays l.) was domesticated from teosinte (z. mays l. ssp. parviglumis iltis & doebley), a plant requiring short day photoperiods to flower. while photoperiod sensitive landraces of maize exist, post-domestication breeding included efforts to grow maize in a broad range of latitudes. thus, modern maize is often characterized as day-neutral because time to flower is relatively unaffected by photoperiod. we report the first identification of maize constans of zea mays1 (conz1), ...200818301915
genome-wide analysis of the rice and arabidopsis non-specific lipid transfer protein (nsltp) gene families and identification of wheat nsltp genes by est data mining.plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsltps) are encoded by multigene families and possess physiological functions that remain unclear. our objective was to characterize the complete nsltp gene family in rice and arabidopsis and to perform wheat est database mining for nsltp gene discovery.200818291034
characterization of paralogous protein families in rice.high gene numbers in plant genomes reflect polyploidy and major gene duplication events. oryza sativa, cultivated rice, is a diploid monocotyledonous species with a ~390 mb genome that has undergone segmental duplication of a substantial portion of its genome. this, coupled with other genetic events such as tandem duplications, has resulted in a substantial number of its genes, and resulting proteins, occurring in paralogous families.200818284697
hormonal control of grass inflorescence development.grass inflorescences produce the grain that feeds the world. compared to eudicots such as arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), grasses have a complex inflorescence morphology that can be explained by differences in the activity of axillary meristems. advances in genomics, such as the completion of the rice (oryza sativa) and sorghum (sorghum bicolor) genomes and the recent release of a draft sequence of the maize (zea mays) genome, have greatly facilitated research in grasses. here, we review rec ...200818986827
did rna editing in plant organellar genomes originate under natural selection or through genetic drift?the c<-->u substitution types of rna editing have been observed frequently in organellar genomes of land plants. although various attempts have been made to explain why such a seemingly inefficient genetic mechanism would have evolved, no satisfactory explanation exists in our view. in this study, we examined editing patterns in chloroplast genomes of the hornwort anthoceros formosae and the fern adiantum capillus-veneris and in mitochondrial genomes of the angiosperms arabidopsis thaliana, beta ...200818939975
[construction and analysis of root cdna library in glycyrrhiza uralensis].to screen and isolate secondary metabolite biosynthesis-related gene for establishing the foundation of functional gene research, we construct a cdna library of glycyrrhiza uralensis.200818837336
ehd2, a rice ortholog of the maize indeterminate1 gene, promotes flowering by up-regulating ehd1.recent research into the flowering of rice (oryza sativa) has revealed both unique and conserved genetic pathways in the photoperiodic control of flowering compared with those in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). we discovered an early heading date2 (ehd2) mutant that shows extremely late flowering under both short- and long-day conditions in line with a background deficient in heading date1 (hd1), a rice constans ortholog that belongs to the conserved pathway. this phenotype in the ehd2 mutan ...200818790997
construction of a rice glycosyltransferase phylogenomic database and identification of rice-diverged glycosyltransferases.glycosyltransferases (gts; ec 2.4.x.y) constitute a large group of enzymes that form glycosidic bonds through transfer of sugars from activated donor molecules to acceptor molecules. gts are critical to the biosynthesis of plant cell walls, among other diverse functions. based on the carbohydrate-active enzymes (cazy) database and sequence similarity searches, we have identified 609 potential gt genes (loci) corresponding to 769 transcripts (gene models) in rice (oryza sativa), the reference mon ...200819825588
genome-wide and expression analysis of protein phosphatase 2c in rice and arabidopsis.the protein phosphatase 2cs (pp2cs) from various organisms have been implicated to act as negative modulators of protein kinase pathways involved in diverse environmental stress responses and developmental processes. a genome-wide overview of the pp2c gene family in plants is not yet available.200819021904
role of osphr2 on phosphorus homeostasis and root hairs development in rice (oryza sativa l.).atphr1 plays a central role in pi-starvation signaling in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana). two phr genes were isolated from rice and designated as osphr1 and osphr2 based on amino acid sequence homology to atphr1. transgenic plants with overexpression and repression of osphr1 and osphr2, respectively, were used for investigation of roles of the genes in pi-signaling pathway and pi homeostasis under pi-sufficient and deficient conditions. the results showed that both of the genes are involved ...200819704822
genome-wide analysis of sina family in plants and their phylogenetic relationships.sina genes in plants are part of a multigene family with 5 members in arabidopsis thaliana, 10 members in populus trichocarpa, 6 members in oryza sativa, at least 6 members in zea mays and at least 1 member in physcomitrella patens. six members in maize were confirmed by rt-pcr. all sinas have one ring domain and one sina domain. these two domains are highly conserved in plants. according to the motif organization and phylogenetic tree, sina family members were divided into 2 groups. in addition ...200817852340
the f-box gene family is expanded in herbaceous annual plants relative to woody perennial plants.f-box proteins are generally responsible for substrate recognition in the skp1-cullin-f-box complexes that are involved in protein degradation via the ubiquitin-26s proteasome pathway. in plants, f-box genes influence a variety of biological processes, such as leaf senescence, branching, self-incompatibility, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. the number of f-box genes in populus (populus trichocarpa; approximately 320) is less than half that found in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana ...200818775973
the role of mass spectrometry in plant systems biology.large-scale analyses of proteins and metabolites are intimately bound to advancements in ms technologies. the aim of these non-targeted "omic" technologies is to extend our understanding beyond the analysis of only parts of the system. here, metabolomics and proteomics emerged in parallel with the development of novel mass analyzers and hyphenated techniques such as gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (gc-tof-ms) and multidimensional liquid chromatography coupled to ma ...200816284938
the subtelomere of oryza sativa chromosome 3 short arm as a hot bed of new gene origination in rice.despite general observations of non-random genomic distribution of new genes, it is unclear whether or not new genes preferentially occur in certain genomic regions driven by related molecular mechanisms. using 1.5 mb of genomic sequences from short arms of chromosome 3 of oryza glaberrima and o. punctata, we conducted a comparative genomic analysis with the reference o. sativa ssp. japonica genome. we identified a 60-kb segment located in the middle of the subtelomeric region of chromosome 3, w ...200819825586
grain qualities and their genetic derivation of 7 new rice for africa (nerica) varieties.nerica are interspecific rice varieties from crossing between the high-yielding asian rice ( oryza sativa spp. japonica) with locally adapted african rice ( oryza glaberrima). in this study, we analyzed grain qualities of 7 nerica varieties (nerica 1 to 7) and genetic derivation of quality-related genes. quality analyses of nerica grains showed that 7 nerica varieties were clearly classified into two groups based on the difference of amylose content, and the difference influenced the pasting and ...200818512938
an overview of the apple genome through bac end sequence analysis.the apple, malus x domestica borkh., is one of the most important fruit trees grown worldwide. a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac)-based physical map of the apple genome has been recently constructed. based on this physical map, a total of approximately 2,100 clones from different contigs (overlapping bac clones) have been selected and sequenced at both ends, generating 3,744 high-quality bac end sequences (bess) including 1,717 bac end pairs. approximately 8.5% of bess contain simple sequen ...200818521706
production of cecropin a in transgenic rice plants has an impact on host gene expression.expression of the cecropin a gene in rice confers resistance to the rice blast fungus magnaporthe oryzae. in this study, a polymerase chain reaction-based suppression subtractive hybridization approach was used to generate a cdna macroarray from the elite japonica rice (oryza sativa l.) cultivar 'senia'. gene expression studies revealed that the expression of components of the protein secretory and vesicular transport machinery is co-ordinately activated at the pre-invasive stage of infection of ...200818444970
osipd3, an ortholog of the medicago truncatula dmi3 interacting protein ipd3, is required for mycorrhizal symbiosis in rice.medicago truncatula ipd3 (mtipd3) is an interacting protein of dmi3 (does not make infections 3), a ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (ccamk) essential for both arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) and rhizobial symbioses. however, the function of mtipd3 in root symbioses has not been demonstrated in m. truncatula, because of a lack of knockout mutants for functional analysis. in this study, the availability of ipd3 knockout mutants in rice (oryza sativa) was exploited to test the function of os ...200818761634
fine mapping of a yield-enhancing qtl cluster associated with transgressive variation in an oryza sativa x o. rufipogon cross.a high-resolution physical map targeting a cluster of yield-related qtls on the long arm of rice chromosome 9 has been constructed across a 37.4 kb region containing seven predicted genes. using a series of bc3f4 nearly isogenic lines (nils) derived from a cross between the korean japonica cultivar hwaseongbyeo and oryza rufipogon (irgc 105491), a total of seven qtls for 1,000-grain weight, spikelets per panicle, grains per panicle, panicle length, spikelet density, heading date and plant height ...200818092146
high levels of heavy metals in rice (oryza sativa l.) from a typical e-waste recycling area in southeast china and its potential risk to human health.very few studies have investigated the heavy metal contents in rice samples from a typical e-waste recycling area. in this study, 10 heavy metals (as, ba, cd, co, cr, cu, hg, mn, ni and pb) in 13 polished rice and relevant hull samples, six relevant paddy soil samples were investigated. the geometric mean concentrations of cd, cu and hg in soil samples were 1.19, 9.98 and 0.32 microg g(-1), respectively, which were 4.0, 2.0 and 1.1-folds of the maximum allowable concentration (mac) (0.30, 50.00, ...200818289635
a novel caabsi1 gene induced by early-abiotic stresses in pepper.the full-length cdna of caabsi1 encodes a presumptive protein of 134 amino acid residues that has homology to a putative zinc finger protein in its c-terminus. the deduced amino acid sequence has 50% homology to oryza sativa np001049-274, the function of which is unknown. expression of caabsi1 was reduced in response to inoculation of non-host pathogens. on the other hand it was induced one hour after exposure to high concentrations of nacl or mannitol, and six hours after transfer to low temper ...200818304456
primary responses to salt stress in a halophyte, smooth cordgrass (spartina alterniflora loisel.).the response of a grass halophyte spartina alterniflora at early stages of salt stress was investigated through generation and systematic analysis of expressed sequence tags (ests) from both leaf and root tissues. random est sequencing produced 1,227 quality ests, which were clustered into 127 contigs, and 368 were singletons. of the 495 unigenes, 27% represented genes for stress response. comparison of the 368 singletons against the oryza sativa gene index showed that >85% of these genes had si ...200818305970
expression of human growth hormone in transgenic rice cell suspension culture.human growth hormone (hgh), a pituitary-derived polypeptide, evidences a wide range of biological functions, including protein synthesis, cell proliferation, and metabolism. a synthetic hgh gene (shgh) has been synthesized on the basis of plant-optimized codon usage via an overlap pcr strategy and located in a plant expression vector under the control of the rice amylase 3d (ramy3d) promoter, which is induced by sugar starvation. the plant expression vector was introduced into rice calli (oryza ...200818264710
temperature-sensitive photoreactivation of cyclobutane thymine dimer in soybean.uv radiation induces the formation of two classes of photoproducts in dna, the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (cpd) and the pyrimidine 6-4 pyrimidone photoproduct. cpds in plants are repaired by class ii cpd photolyase via a uv-a/blue light-dependent mechanism. the genes for the class ii cpd photolyase have been cloned from higher plants such as arabidopsis, cucumis sativus (cucumber), oryza sativa (rice) and spinacia oleracea (spinach). flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad) has been identified as a c ...200818270478
characterization of transcription factor gene snac2 conferring cold and salt tolerance in rice.plants respond to adverse environment by initiating a series of signaling processes including activation of transcription factors that can regulate expression of arrays of genes for stress response and adaptation. nac (nam, ataf, and cuc) is a plant specific transcription factor family with diverse roles in development and stress regulation. in this report, a stress-responsive nac gene (snac2) isolated from upland rice ira109 (oryza sativa l. ssp japonica) was characterized for its role in stres ...200818273684
alternative splicing at nagnag acceptor sites shares common properties in land plants and mammals.in recent years, several papers have reported that a special type of alternative splicing (as) event occurs at the tandem 3' splice site, termed the "nagnag acceptor." this type of as event (termed as-nagnag) is well studied in both human and mouse. to illustrate the significance of as-nagnag events, we focused on their occurrence in arabidopsis thaliana and oryza sativa (rice). our study is the first genome-wide approach examining as-nagnag events in land plants. based on transcripts and genomi ...200818234709
the native cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase of rice is phosphorylated.the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (cpd) is a major type of dna damage induced by ultraviolet b (uvb) radiation. cpd photolyase, which absorbs blue/uva light as an energy source to monomerize dimers, is a crucial factor for determining the sensitivity of rice (oryza sativa) to uvb radiation. here, we purified native class ii cpd photolyase from rice leaves. as the final purification step, cpd photolyase was bound to cpd-containing dna conjugated to magnetic beads and then released by blue-light ir ...200818235036
analysis of context sequence surrounding translation initiation site from complete genome of model plants.regions flanking the translation initiation site (tis) are thought to play a crucial role in translation efficiency of mrnas, but their exact sequence and evolution in eukaryotes are still a matter of debate. we investigated the context sequences in 20 nucleotides around the tis in multi-cellular eukaryotes, with a focus on two model plants and a comparison to human. we identified consensus sequences aaaaaaa(a/g)(a/c)aauggcgaataata and ggcggc(g/c)(a/g)(a/c)(g/c)auggcggcggcgg for arabidopsis thal ...200818236175
peanut gene expression profiling in developing seeds at different reproduction stages during aspergillus parasiticus infection.peanut (arachis hypogaea l.) is an important crop economically and nutritionally, and is one of the most susceptible host crops to colonization of aspergillus parasiticus and subsequent aflatoxin contamination. knowledge from molecular genetic studies could help to devise strategies in alleviating this problem; however, few peanut dna sequences are available in the public database. in order to understand the molecular basis of host resistance to aflatoxin contamination, a large-scale project was ...200818248674
activation of the indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase gh3-8 suppresses expansin expression and promotes salicylate- and jasmonate-independent basal immunity in rice.new evidence suggests a role for the plant growth hormone auxin in pathogenesis and disease resistance. bacterial infection induces the accumulation of indole-3-acetic acid (iaa), the major type of auxin, in rice (oryza sativa). iaa induces the expression of expansins, proteins that loosen the cell wall. loosening the cell wall is key for plant growth but may also make the plant vulnerable to biotic intruders. here, we report that rice gh3-8, an auxin-responsive gene functioning in auxin-depende ...200818192436
comparative transcriptional profiling and evolutionary analysis of the gram domain family in eukaryotes.the gram domain was found in glucosyltransferases, myotubularins and other membrane-associated proteins. so far, functions for majority of these proteins are yet to be uncovered. in order to address the evolutionary and functional significance of this family members, we have performed a comprehensive investigation on their genome-wide identification, phylogenetic relationship and expression divergence in five different organisms representing monocot/dicot plants, vertebrate/invertebrate animals ...200818201690
sumo-conjugating enzyme (sce) and fk506-binding protein (fkbp) encoding rice (oryza sativa l.) genes: genome-wide analysis, expression studies and evidence for their involvement in abiotic stress response.we report an in-depth characterization of two major stress proteins namely sumo-conjugating enzyme (sce) and peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase (ppiase) in rice (oryza sativa l.). sce mediates addition of sumo group to various cell proteins, through process referred to as sumoylation. rice nuclear genome has two putative genes encoding the sce protein (ossce1 and ossce2). pcr-amplified full-length ossce1 cdna functionally complemented the growth defect in yeast cells lacking the equivalent ubc9 ...200818219493
tobfac: the database of tobacco transcription factors.regulation of gene expression at the level of transcription is a major control point in many biological processes. transcription factors (tfs) can activate and/or repress the transcriptional rate of target genes and vascular plant genomes devote approximately 7% of their coding capacity to tfs. global analysis of tfs has only been performed for three complete higher plant genomes - arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), poplar (populus trichocarpa) and rice (oryza sativa). presently, no large-scale ...200818221524
characterization of arabidopsis and rice dwd proteins and their roles as substrate receptors for cul4-ring e3 ubiquitin ligases.a subset of wd40 proteins that contain a dwd motif (for ddb1 binding wd40) is reported to act as substrate receptors for ddb1-cul4-roc1 (for damaged dna binding 1-cullin 4-regulator of cullins 1) based e3 ubiquitin ligases in humans. here, we report 85 arabidopsis thaliana and 78 rice (oryza sativa) proteins containing the conserved 16-amino acid dwd motif. we show by yeast two-hybrid and in vivo coimmunoprecipitation that 11 arabidopsis dwd proteins directly interact with ddb1 and thus may serv ...200818223036
rice exonuclease-1 homologue, osexo1, that interacts with dna polymerase lambda and rpa subunit proteins, is involved in cell proliferation.exonuclease 1, a class iii member of the rad2 nuclease family, is a structure-specific nuclease involved in dna metabolism (replication, repair and recombination). we have identified a homologue to exonuclease-1 from rice (oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare) and have designated it o. sativa exonuclease-1 (osexo1). the open reading frame of osexo1 encodes a predicted product of 836 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 92 kda. two highly conserved nuclease domains (xpg-n and xpg-i) are prese ...200818231866
rice yellow mottle virus stress responsive genes from susceptible and tolerant rice genotypes.the effects of viral infection involve concomitant plant gene variations and cellular changes. a simple system is required to assess the complexity of host responses to viral infection. the genome of the rice yellow mottle virus (rymv) is a single-stranded rna with a simple organisation. it is the most well-known monocotyledon virus model. several studies on its biology, structure and phylogeography have provided a suitable background for further genetic studies. 12 rice chromosome sequences are ...200818315879
methylmercury accumulation in rice (oryza sativa l.) grown at abandoned mercury mines in guizhou, china.mercury is a global pollutant that can transform into methylmercury, a highly toxic and bioaccumulative organic form. previous surveys have shown that fish is the main source of human methylmercury exposure, whereas most other food products have an average value below 20 microg/kg and primarily in the inorganic form. this paper reports that methylmercury in rice (oryza sativa l.) grown at abandoned mercury mining areas contained levels >100 microg/kg in its edible portion and proved to be 10-100 ...200818318492
comparative analysis of the small rna transcriptomes of pinus contorta and oryza sativa.the diversity of micrornas and small-interfering rnas has been extensively explored within angiosperms by focusing on a few key organisms such as oryza sativa and arabidopsis thaliana. a deeper division of the plants is defined by the radiation of the angiosperms and gymnosperms, with the latter comprising the commercially important conifers. the conifers are expected to provide important information regarding the evolution of highly conserved small regulatory rnas. deep sequencing provides the ...200818323537
purification and characterization of a rice class i chitinase, oschia1b, produced in esherichia coli.to determine the properties and structure of oschia1b, a family 19 chitinase from oryza sativa l. cv. nipponbare (japonica ssp.), recombinant oschia1b was produced in esherichia coli cells and purified to homogeneity by chitin affinity column chromatography. oschia1b was highly active against soluble chitinous substrate, but not against crystalline chitin, and clearly inhibited hyphal extension of trichoderma reesei.200818323646
effect of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis rice lines on mortality and feeding behavior of rice stem borers (lepidoptera: crambidae).ten transgenic bacillus thuringiensis bt rice, oryza sativa l., lines with different bt genes (two cry1ac lines, three cry2a lines, and five cry9c lines) derived from the same variety minghui 63 were evaluated in both the laboratory and the field. bioassays were conducted by using the first instars of two main rice lepidopteran insect species: yellow stem borer, scirpophaga incertulas (walker) and asiatic rice borer, chilo suppressalis (walker). all transgenic lines exhibited high toxicity to th ...200818330134
determination of oebalus pugnax (hemiptera: pentatomidae) spatial pattern in rice and development of visual sampling methods and population sampling plans.commercial rice, oryza sativa l., fields in southeastern texas were sampled during 2003 and 2004, and visual samples were compared with sweep net samples. fields were sampled at different stages of panicle development, times of day, and by different operators. significant differences were found between perimeter and within field sweep net samples, indicating that samples taken 9 m from the field margin overestimate within field oebalus pugnax (f.) (hemiptera: pentatomidae) populations. time of d ...200818330138
uptake of selected pahs from contaminated soils by rice seedlings (oryza sativa) and influence of rhizosphere on pah distribution.the uptake of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) by rice (oryza sativa) seedlings from spiked aged soils was investigated. when applied to soils aged for 4 months, naphthalene, phenanthrene, and pyrene exhibited volatilization loss of 98, 95, and 30%, respectively, with the remaining fraction being fixed by soil organic matter and/or degraded by soil microbes. in general, concentrations of the three pahs in rice roots were greater than those in the shoots. the concentrations of roo ...200818331768
gene structure dynamics and divergence of the polygalacturonase gene family of plants and fungus.whole copies of the polygalacturonase (pg) genes from rice (oryza sativa subsp. japonica) and a filamentous fungus (aspergillus oryzae) were isolated. the orthologs of the rice pgs were also retrieved from other plant species. the 106 plant pgs analyzed were divided into 5 clades, a, b, c, d, and e. the fungus pgs were classified into 3 clades, of which one formed a loose cluster with clade e of the plant pgs. four domain motifs (i, ii, iii, iv) were identified in all pgs. motifs ii and iii were ...200818356937
induction of endophytic colonization in rice (oryza sativa l.) tissue culture plants by azorhizobium caulinodans.endophytic colonization in rice was induced using rhizobia. dehusked seeds of rice hybrid, corh2, were used as explants for induction of calli. ms medium was modified with 2,4-d (2.5 mg l(-1)) and kinetin (0.2 mg l(-1)) for callus induction. well-developed calli were inoculated with azorhizobium caulinodans strains ors 571 and aa-sk-5 by means of imbibition. all treated calli had significant increases in protein content, total nitrogen and nitrogenase activity. imbibition of ors 571 had signific ...200818379880
agronomic and molecular characterization of introgression lines from the interspecific cross oryza sativa (bg90-2) x oryza glumaepatula (rs-16).the reduced genetic variability of modern rice varieties (oryza sativa) is of concern because it reduces the possibilities of genetic gain in breeding programs. introgression lines (ils) containing genomic fragments from wild rice can be used to obtain new improved cultivars. the objective of the present study was to perform the agronomic and molecular characterizations of 35 bc2f8 ils from the cross o. glumaepatula x o. sativa, aiming to select high-yielding ils to be used in rice-breeding prog ...200818393222
expression analysis of the calcineurin b-like gene family in rice (oryza sativa l.) under environmental stresses.calcium plays a crucial role as a second messenger in mediating various defense responses under environmental stresses. calcineurin b-like (cbl) proteins have been implicated as important ca2+ sensors in plant-specific calcium signaling. based on the similarity of sequence, ten cbl genes were identified by searching the rice japonica genome database, which were randomly distribute on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 and 12. by semi-quantitative rt-pcr approach the expression pattern of each gene was d ...200818395997
soil quality assessment in rice production systems: establishing a minimum data set.soil quality, as a measure of the soil's capacity to function, can be assessed by indicators based on physical, chemical, and biological properties. here we report on the assessment of soil quality in 21 rice (oryza sativa) fields under three rice production systems (semi-direct, pre-germinated, and conventional) on four soil textural classes in the camaquã region of rio grande do sul, brazil. the objectives of our study were: (i) to identify soil quality indicators that discriminate both manage ...200818396549
nitrogen loss through lateral seepage in near-trench paddy fields.a near-trench paddy field experiment with five urea application rates (0-360 kg n ha(-1) in 90-kg increments) was conducted on a paddy soil in the taihu lake region of china to elucidate n losses through lateral seepage during three rice (oryza sativa l.) growing seasons. the total n (nt), nh4(+) -n, and no3(-) -n concentrations in the lateral seepage water increased with increasing n rates. the seasonal nt fluxes by lateral seepage varied from 6.8 to 25.6 kg n ha(-1) for urea application rates ...200818396559
functional equivalence of translation factor eif5b from candida albicans and saccharomyces cerevisiae.eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5b (eif5b) plays a role in recognition of the aug codon in conjunction with translation factor eif2, and promotes joining of the 60s ribosomal subunit. to see whether the eif5b proteins of other organisms function in saccharomyces cerevisiae, we cloned the corresponding genes from oryza sativa, arabidopsis thaliana, aspergillus nidulans and candida albican and expressed them under the control of the galactose-inducible gal promoter in the fun12delta strai ...200818414002
overexpression of a new rice vacuolar antiporter regulating protein osarp improves salt tolerance in tobacco.we examined the function of the rice (oryza sativa l.) antiporter-regulating protein osarp by overexpressing it in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.). in public databases, this protein was annotated as a putative os02g0465900 protein of rice. the osarp gene was introduced into tobacco under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. the transformants were selected for their ability to grow on medium containing kanamycin. incorporation of the transgene in the genome of tobacco was conf ...200818420595
magnaporthe grisea avirulence gene ace1 belongs to an infection-specific gene cluster involved in secondary metabolism.the avirulence gene ace1 from the rice blast fungus magnaporthe grisea encodes a polyketide synthase (pks) fused to a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (nrps) probably involved in the biosynthesis of a secondary metabolite recognized by pi33 resistant rice (oryza sativa) cultivars. analysis of the m. grisea genome revealed that ace1 is located in a cluster of 15 genes, of which 14 are potentially involved in secondary metabolism as they encode enzymes such as a second pks-nrps (syn2), two enoyl re ...200818433432
toxic tetrapyrrole accumulation in protoporphyrinogen ix oxidase-overexpressing transgenic rice plants.we generated transgenic rice plants (oryza sativa cv. dongjin) over-expressing human protoporphyrinogen ix oxidase (ppo) with the aim to increase mitochondrial ppo activity and confer herbicide resistance (lee et al., pestic biochem physiol 80:65-74, 2004). the transgenic plants showed during further leaf development the formation of severe necrotic spots and growth retardation. several experiments were performed to examine the reasons for the formation of necrotic leaf lesions. human ppo is nor ...200818437505
genome sequence and rapid evolution of the rice pathogen xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae pxo99a.xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae causes bacterial blight of rice (oryza sativa l.), a major disease that constrains production of this staple crop in many parts of the world. we report here on the complete genome sequence of strain pxo99a and its comparison to two previously sequenced strains, kacc10331 and maff311018, which are highly similar to one another.200818452608
predicting economic losses from the continued spread of the mexican rice borer (lepidoptera: crambidae).the mexican rice borer, eoreuma loftini (dyar) (lepidoptera: crambidae), is an invasive species that originated from mexico, and it is threatening to cause major economic losses to sugarcane, saccharum spp., and rice, oryza sativa l., industries in louisiana. the insect is expected to reach sugarcane and rice production areas in louisiana by 2008, and infest all of louisiana sugarcane and rice industries by 2035. when all sugarcane in louisiana becomes infested, annual yield losses of $220 milli ...200818459384
effects of diet on population growth of psocids lepinotus reticulatus and liposcelis entomophila.we investigated the suitability of 11 diets as culture media for the psocids lepinotus reticulatus enderlein (psocoptera: trogiidae) and liposcelis entomophila (enderlein) (psocoptera: liposcelididae). the culture media comprised six diets made of plain cereals, namely, wheat (triticum aestivum l.), corn (zea mays l.), milo sorghum bicolor (l.), barley (hordeum vulgare l.), oats (avena sativa l.), and rice (oryza sativa l.), and five artificial diets. we found that, with the exception of corn, l ...200818459431
[the expression, purification and activity analysis of the rice chitinase gene in escherichia coli].the cloned cdna sequence of rice (oryza sativa l. cpslo17) chitinase gene oschi was cloned, (which was registered in genbank, the accession number: eu045451) ligated with the expression vector pgex-4t-1, and transformed into e. coli bl21(de3). the expression of oschi was induced by iptg, and the conditions were optimized. after purification the in vitro activity of oschi chitinase was analyzed, and the results indicated that it could efficiently degrade chitin.200818464598
evolutionary radiation pattern of novel protein phosphatases revealed by analysis of protein data from the completely sequenced genomes of humans, green algae, and higher plants.in addition to the major serine/threonine-specific phosphoprotein phosphatase, mg(2+)-dependent phosphoprotein phosphatase, and protein tyrosine phosphatase families, there are novel protein phosphatases, including enzymes with aspartic acid-based catalysis and subfamilies of protein tyrosine phosphatases, whose evolutionary history and representation in plants is poorly characterized. we have searched the protein data sets encoded by the well-finished nuclear genomes of the higher plants arabid ...200818156295
structural, biochemical, and phylogenetic analyses suggest that indole-3-acetic acid methyltransferase is an evolutionarily ancient member of the sabath family.the plant sabath protein family encompasses a group of related small-molecule methyltransferases (mts) that catalyze the s-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent methylation of natural chemicals encompassing widely divergent structures. indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) methyltransferase (iamt) is a member of the sabath family that modulates iaa homeostasis in plant tissues through methylation of iaa's free carboxyl group. the crystal structure of arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) iamt (atiamt1) was determin ...200818162595
interspecific rice hybrid of oryza sativa x oryza nivara reveals a significant increase in seed protein content.wild species offer a potential reservoir of genetic variation for crop improvement. besides the valuable genes for disease resistance that the wild species have provided for rice improvement, recent studies have shown that these wild species could also provide favorable alleles for the improvement of yield and yield-related traits. the present study reports yet another potential of wild relatives of rice, which involves the improvement of seed protein content. a significant increase in seed prot ...200818163552
arsenic uptake and speciation in rice plants grown under greenhouse conditions with arsenic contaminated irrigation water.the accumulation of arsenic (as) by rice (oryza sativa l.) is of great interest considering the dietary intake of rice is potentially a major as exposure pathway in countries where rice is irrigated with as contaminated groundwater. a small scale rice paddy experiment was conducted to evaluate the uptake of as by rice. arsenic concentrations in rice tissue increased in the order grain<<leaf<stem<<<root with the as concentration in the rice grain, in some cases, exceeding the maximum australian p ...200818164371
a novel plant protein disulfide isomerase family homologous to animal p5 - molecular cloning and characterization as a functional protein for folding of soybean seed-storage proteins.the protein disulfide isomerase is known to play important roles in the folding of nascent polypeptides and in the formation of disulfide bonds in the endoplasmic reticulum (er). in this study, we cloned a gene of a novel protein disulfide isomerase family from soybean leaf (glycine max l. merrill. cv jack) mrna. the cdna encodes a protein called gmpdim. it is composed of 438 amino acids, and its sequence and domain structure are similar to that of animal p5. recombinant gmpdim expressed in esch ...200818167147
copper and zinc in a paddy field and their potential ecological impacts affected by wastewater from a lead/zinc mine, p. r. china.as well known, at normal levels, copper and zinc are essential micronutrients for plants, animals, and humans. however, excessive cu and zn are toxic and disturb a wide range of biochemical and physiological processes. using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (aas; perkin-elmer 3030, usa), soil and rice plant (oryza sativa l.) samples collected from a paddy field in lechang lead-zinc mine area, guangdong province, china were analyzed and their potential ecological impacts to local human and liv ...200818074233
simple sequence repeat analyses of interspecific hybrids and maals of oryza officinalis and oryza sativa.wild rice is a valuable resource for the genetic improvement of cultivated rice (oryza sativa l., aa genome). molecular markers are important tools for monitoring gene introgression from wild rice into cultivated rice. in this study, simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers were used to analyze interspecific hybrids of o. sativa-o. officinalis (cc genome), the backcrossing progenies and the parent plants. results showed that most of the ssr primers (335 out of 396, 84.6%) developed in cultivated ric ...200817978880
glufosinate ammonium-induced pathogen inhibition and defense responses culminate in disease protection in bar-transgenic rice.glufosinate ammonium diminished developments of rice (oryza sativa) blast and brown leaf spot in 35s:bar-transgenic rice. pre- and postinoculation treatments of this herbicide reduced disease development. glufosinate ammonium specifically impeded appressorium formation of the pathogens magnaporthe grisea and cochliobolus miyabeanus on hydrophobic surface and on transgenic rice. in contrast, conidial germination remained unaffected. glufosinate ammonium diminished mycelial growth of two pathogens ...200817981989
a genomic and expression compendium of the expanded pebp gene family from maize.the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins (pebps) represent an ancient protein family found across the biosphere. in animals they are known to act as kinase and serine protease inhibitors controlling cell growth and differentiation. in plants the most extensively studied pebp genes, the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) flowering locus t (ft) and terminal flower1 (tfl1) genes, function, respectively, as a promoter and a repressor of the floral transition. twenty-five maize (zea mays) genes ...200817993543
biogenic volatile organic compound emission potential of forests and paddy fields in the kinki region of japan.the standard biogenic volatile organic compound (bvoc) emissions from 10 japanese plant species (quercus serrata, quercus crispula, fagus crenata, quercus acutissima carruthers, quercus glauca, quercus myrsinaefolia, cryptomeria japonica, chamaecyparis obtusa, pinus densiflora, and rice [oryza sativa]) were measured. these species were selected due to their abundance in the estimated domain (47,000 km(2)) of the kinki region. bvoc emission experiments were conducted in a growth chamber where tem ...200818023428
high-resolution genetic mapping of bacterial blight resistance gene xa10.bacterial blight of rice, caused by xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo), is the most devastating disease of rice (oryza sativa l). rice lines that carry resistance (r) gene xa10 confer race-specific resistance to xoo strains harboring avirulence (avr) gene avrxa10. here we report on genetic study, disease evaluation and fine genetic mapping of the xa10 gene. the inheritance of xa10-mediated resistance to pxo99a(phm1avrxa10) did not follow typical mendelian inheritance for single dominant gene in ...200817924090
role of blue green algae biofertilizer in ameliorating the nitrogen demand and fly-ash stress to the growth and yield of rice (oryza sativa l.) plants.rice is a major food crop throughout the world; however, accumulation of toxic metals and metalloids in grains in contaminated environments is a matter of growing concern. field experiments were conducted to analyze the growth performance, elemental composition (fe, si, zn, mn, cu, ni, cd and as) and yield of the rice plants (oryza sativa l. cv. saryu-52) grown under different doses of fly-ash (fa; applied @ 10 and 100 tha(-1) denoted as fa(10) and fa(100), respectively) mixed with garden soil ( ...200817854856
effect of temperature and commodity on insecticidal efficacy of spinosad dust against sitophilus oryzae (coleoptera: curculionidae) and rhyzopertha dominica (coleoptera: bostrychidae).the insecticidal effect of spinosad dust, a formulation that contains 0.125% spinosad, was evaluated against adults of sitophilus oryzae (l.) and rhyzopertha dominica (f.) at three temperature levels (20, 25, and 30 degrees c) and four commodities (wheat, triticum aestivum l.; barley, hordeum vulgare l.; rice, oryza sativa l.; and maize, zea mays l.). for this purpose, quantities of the above-mentioned grains were treated with spinosad at two dose rates (20 and 50 ppm of the formulation, corresp ...200818613602
a novel type of thioredoxin dedicated to symbiosis in legumes.thioredoxins (trxs) constitute a family of small proteins in plants. this family has been extensively characterized in arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana), which contains six different trx types: f, m, x, and y in chloroplasts, o in mitochondria, and h mainly in cytosol. a detailed study of this family in the model legume medicago truncatula, realized here, has established the existence of two isoforms that do not belong to any of the types previously described. as no possible orthologs were furt ...200818614707
manganese efficiency in barley: identification and characterization of the metal ion transporter hvirt1.manganese (mn) deficiency is an important plant nutritional disorder in many parts of the world. barley (hordeum vulgare) genotypes differ considerably in their ability to grow in soils with low mn(2+) availability. differential genotypic mn efficiency can be attributed to differences in mn(2+) uptake kinetics in the low nanomolar concentration range. however, the molecular basis for these differences has not yet been clarified. we present here the identification and characterization of the firs ...200818614714
carotenoid oxygenases involved in plant branching catalyse a highly specific conserved apocarotenoid cleavage reaction.recent studies with the high-tillering mutants in rice (oryza sativa), the max (more axillary growth) mutants in arabidopsis thaliana and the rms (ramosus) mutants in pea (pisum sativum) have indicated the presence of a novel plant hormone that inhibits branching in an auxin-dependent manner. the synthesis of this inhibitor is initiated by the two ccds [carotenoid-cleaving (di)oxygenases] osccd7/osccd8b, max3/max4 and rms5/rms1 in rice, arabidopsis and pea respectively. max3 and max4 are thought ...200818637791
establishment of a rice transgene flow model for predicting maximum distances of gene flow in southern china.we aimed to establish a rice gene flow model based on (i) the gaussian plume model, (ii) data from a three-location x 3-yr field experiment on transgene flow to common rice cultivars (oryza sativa), male sterile (ms) lines (o. sativa) and common wild rice (oryza rufipogon), and (iii) 32-yr historical meteorological data collected from 38 meteorological stations in southern china during the rice flowering period. the concept of the gene flow coefficient (gfc) is proposed; that is, the ratio of th ...200818643943
generation of selectable marker-free sheath blight resistant transgenic rice plants by efficient co-transformation of a cointegrate vector t-dna and a binary vector t-dna in one agrobacterium tumefaciens strain.co-transformation of oryza sativa l. var. pusa basmati1 was done using an agrobacterium tumefaciens strain harbouring a single-copy cointegrate vector and a multi-copy binary vector in the same cell. the t-dna of the cointegrate vector pgv2260::pssj1 carried the hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph) and beta-glucuronidase (gus) genes. the binary vector pcam-chi11, without a plant selectable marker gene, harboured the rice chitinase (chi11) gene under maize ubiquitin promoter. co-transformation of ...200818663452
genomic and expression analysis of glycosyl hydrolase family 35 genes from rice (oryza sativa l.).many plant beta-galactosidases (bgals) have been well characterized and their deduced biological functions mainly involve degradation of structural pectins, xyloglucans or arabinogalactoproteins in plant cell walls. however, gene multiplicity in glycosyl hydrolase family 35 (gh35), to which these proteins belong, implies diverse functions. in this study, the gene multiplicity, apparent evolutionary relationships and transcript expression of rice bgal genes were examined, in order to predict thei ...200818664295
whole proteome identification of plant candidate g-protein coupled receptors in arabidopsis, rice, and poplar: computational prediction and in-vivo protein coupling.the classic paradigm of heterotrimeric g-protein signaling describes a heptahelical, membrane-spanning g-protein coupled receptor that physically interacts with an intracellular g alpha subunit of the g-protein heterotrimer to transduce signals. g-protein coupled receptors comprise the largest protein superfamily in metazoa and are physiologically important as they sense highly diverse stimuli and play key roles in human disease. the heterotrimeric g-protein signaling mechanism is conserved acro ...200818671868
expression, crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of xometc, a cystathionine gamma-lyase-like protein from xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (xoo) causes bacterial blight of rice (oryza sativa l.), one of the most devastating diseases of rice in most rice-growing countries. xometc, a cystathionine gamma-lyase (cgl) like protein that is an antibacterial drug-target protein against xoo, was cloned, expressed, purified and crystallized. cgl catalyzes the second step in the reverse-transsulfuration pathway, which is essential for the metabolic interconversion of the sulfur-containing amino acids cysteine and ...200818678949
arabidopsis sdir1 enhances drought tolerance in crop plants.arabidopsis e3 ligase salt- and drought-induced ring-finger 1 (sdir1) has been found to be involved in abscisic acid (aba)-related stress signaling. sdir1-overexpressing arabidopsis plants exhibit improved tolerance to drought. tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) and rice (oryza sativa) are two important agronomic crop plants. to determine whether sdir1 enhances drought resistance in crop plants, sdir1 transgenic tobacco and rice plants were generated. ectopic expression of sdir1 in both plants conferre ...200818685183
transgenic rice plants expressing human p450 genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism for phytoremediation.phytoremediation is the use of plants to remove xenobiotic compounds from the environment. plants have the inherent ability to detoxify xenobiotic pollutants, but they are generally poor at degrading them. the introduction of genes involved in xenobiotic degradation is aimed at enhancing plants' potential further. rice (oryza sativa) is a good candidate for this purpose and has been transformed with genes encoding cytochrome p450 monooxygenases cyp1a1, cyp2b6, and cyp2c19. the transgenic plants ...200818685273
collection and comparative analysis of 1888 full-length cdnas from wild rice oryza rufipogon griff. w1943.a huge amount of cdna and est resources have been developed for cultivated rice species oryza sativa; however, only few cdna resources are available for wild rice species. in this study, we isolated and completely sequenced 1888 putative full-length cdna (flcdna) clones from wild rice oryza rufipogon griff. w1943 for comparative analysis between wild and cultivated rice species. two cdna libraries were constructed from 3-week-old leaf samples under either normal or cold-treated conditions. homol ...200818687674
significant improvement of stress tolerance in tobacco plants by overexpressing a stress-responsive aldehyde dehydrogenase gene from maize (zea mays).aldehyde dehydrogenases (aldhs) play a central role in detoxification processes of aldehydes generated in plants when exposed to the stressed conditions. in order to identify genes required for the stresses responses in the grass crop zea mays, an aldh (zmaldh22a1) gene was isolated and characterized. zmaldh22a1 belongs to the family aldh22 that is currently known only in plants. the zmaldh22a1 encodes a protein of 593 amino acids that shares high identity with the orthologs from saccharum offic ...200818688729
use of flowering gene flowering locus t (ft) homologs in the phylogenetic analysis of bambusoid and early diverging grasses.a nuclear gene, flowering locus t (ft) homolog, was cloned from phyllostachys meyeri as pmft. its putative copy number was estimated as four by southern blot analysis, and the two copies were completely sequenced. twenty-seven ft homolog sequences of bambusoid and early diverging grasses comprised 172-bp exons, and 357- to 785-bp introns exhibited 0-58.9% pairwise divergence with six modal levels. parsimony analyses of the ft homologs rooted at pharus virescens produced six equally parsimonious ...200818690410
rice root architecture associated1 binds the proteasome subunit rpt4 and is degraded in a d-box and proteasome-dependent manner.root growth is mainly determined by cell division and subsequent elongation in the root apical area. components regulating cell division in root meristematic cells are largely unknown. previous studies have identified rice (oryza sativa) root architecture associated1 (osraa1) as a regulator in root development. yet, the function of osraa1 at the cellular and molecular levels is unclear. here, we show that osraa1-overexpressed transgenic rice showed reduced primary root growth, increased numbers ...200818701670
inactivation of an aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase is responsible for fragrance in rice.rice (oryza sativa) has two betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase homologs, bad1 and bad2, encoded on chromosome four and chromosome eight respectively. bad2 is responsible for the characteristic aroma of fragrant rice. complementary dna clones of both bad1 and bad2 were isolated and expressed in e. coli. bad2 had optimum activity at ph 10, little to no affinity towards n-acetyl-gamma-aminobutyraldehyde (nagabald) with a km of approximately 10 mm and moderate affinity towards gamma-guanidinobutyraldehy ...200818704694
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