Publications

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antipyretic potential of herbal coded formulation (pyrexol).the antipyretic effect of the aqueous extract of herbal coded formulation containing equal amount of salix alba, emblica officinalis, glycyrrhiza glabra, adhatoda vasica, viola odorata, thea sinensis, veleriana officinalis, foeniculum vulgare, sisymbrium irrio and achillea millefolium was investigated using the yeast induced pyrexia model in rabbits. paracetamol was used as a control group. rectal temperatures of all rabbits were recorded immediately before the administration of the extract or p ...201728603131
important medicinal herbs in parkinson's disease pharmacotherapy.parkinson's disease (pd) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder affecting more than 10 million people worldwide. the characteristic hallmark of pd involves progressive loss of dopaminergic (da-ergic) neuron in substantia nigra pars compacta (snpc) region of the brain, however, aetiology of the disease still remains unclear. mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative insult are considered to be the key culprit. the current therapy available for pd primarily relies on levo ...201728599249
green tea polyphenol egcg causes anti-cancerous epigenetic modulations in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells.green tea (camellia sinensis) catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) has been shown to possess diverse anti-cancerous properties. we demonstrated egcg ability to inhibit acute promyelocytic leukemia (apl) cell proliferation and cause apoptosis. in addition, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) analysis revealed elevated expression of genes associated with cell cycle arrest and differentiation (p27, pcaf, c/ebpα, and c/ebpɛ). furthermore, egcg caused anti-cancerous epige ...201728641467
high-theabrownins instant dark tea product by aspergillus niger via submerged fermentation: α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase inhibition and antioxidant activity.theabrownins (tb) are bioactive components that are usually extracted from chinese dark tea, in which they are present at low concentrations. the present study aimed to produce an instant dark tea high in theabrownins via submerged fermentation by the fungus aspergillus niger. three fermentation parameters that affect theabrownins content (i.e. inoculum size, liquid-solid ratio and rotation speed) were optimized using response surface methodology.201728422292
theaflavins from black tea affect growth, development, and motility in dictyostelium discoideum.theaflavins, flavonoids found in black tea, exhibit a variety of health-promoting activities, but the mechanisms by which they act are not clear. here, we assess the effects of black tea extract and isolated theaflavins on dictyostelium discoideum, a model organism exhibiting an unusual life cycle relying on conserved pathways involved in human disease. dictyostelium has been used to characterize the activities of numerous bioactive small molecules, including catechins, from which theaflavins ar ...201728711497
the cshsp17.2 molecular chaperone is essential for thermotolerance in camellia sinensis.small heat shock proteins (shsps) play important roles in responses to heat stress. however, the functions of shsps in tea plants (camellia sinensis) remain uncharacterized. a novel shsp gene, designated cshsp17.2, was isolated from tea plants. subcellular localization analyses indicated that the cshsp17.2 protein was present in the cytosol and the nucleus. cshsp17.2 expression was significantly up-regulated by heat stress but was unaffected by low temperature. the cshsp17.2 transcript levels in ...201728450727
lactic fermentation as an efficient tool to enhance the antioxidant activity of tropical fruit juices and teas.tropical fruits like pineapple, papaya, mango, and beverages such as green or black teas, represent an underestimated source of antioxidants that could exert health-promoting properties. most food processing technologies applied to fruit beverages or teas result in an impairment of inherent nutritional properties. conversely, we hypothesise that lactic acid fermentation may constitute a promising route to maintain and even improve the nutritional qualities of processed fruits. using specific gro ...201728489022
in vitro anti-malassezia activity of castanea crenata shell and oil-soluble glycyrrhiza extracts.a new shampoo with anti-malassezia properties obtained from various plants is required to provide seborrheic dermatitis patients with a wider range of treatment options.201728566909
chitosan-induced immunity in camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze against blister blight disease is mediated by nitric-oxide.blister blight disease, caused by an obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen, exobasidium vexans massee is posing a serious threat for tea cultivation in asia. as the use of chemical pesticides on tea leaves substantially increases the toxic risks of tea consumption, serious attempts are being made to control such pathogens by boosting the intrinsic natural defense responses against invading pathogens in tea plants. in this study, the nature and durability of resistance offered by chitosan and the p ...201728412634
phytoestrogen-rich natural preparation for treatment of climacteric syndrome and atherosclerosis prevention in perimenopausal women.the present study evaluated the risks and benefits of phytoestrogen treatment in healthy perimenopausal women in relation to the dynamics of climacteric syndrome and progression of atherosclerosis. study participants were treated with placebo or phytoestrogen-rich natural preparation karinat based on grape (vitis vinifera) seeds, green tea (camellia sinensis) leaves, hop (hunulus lupulus) cone powder and garlic (allium sativum) powder. the dynamics of climacteric syndrome was evaluated by kupper ...201728593720
efficacy and tolerability of phytomedicines in multiple sclerosis patients: a review.multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic inflammatory and demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system (cns) that can cause cognition, mobility, and sensory impairments. it is considered one of the most common non-traumatic causes of disability in the world. the aim of the present article was to review the clinical evidence related to medicinal plants in the management of ms symptoms. electronic databases, including the cochrane library, pubmed, and scopus, were searched for entries from 196 ...201728948486
inhibition of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase by various food plant-derived phytotherapeutic agents.background: phosphodiesterases (pdes) play a major role in the regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp)- and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cgmp)-mediated pathways. their inhibitors exhibit anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory and antithrombotic effects. therefore, consumption of foods with pde-inhibiting potential may possess beneficial influence on the risk of cardiovascular diseases. methods: four plant extracts (arbutus unedo, camellia sinensis, cynara scolymus, zingiber officinale) w ...201729113064
uplc-q-exactive orbitrap/ms-based lipidomics approach to characterize lipid extracts from bee pollen and their in vitro anti-inflammatory properties.bee pollen (bp) is collected by honeybees from flower pollen mixed with nectar and its secretions with extensive nutritional and therapeutic properties. lipids are known to be critical contributors for the therapeutic effects of bp and vary depending on different plant sources; however, lipid profiles of bp are not available. here, an uplc-q-exactive orbitrap/ms method was established for comprehensive lipidomics analysis of bp derived from three major nectar plants (brassica campestris l., came ...201728737913
cymbopogon citratus and camellia sinensis extracts selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells and reduce growth of lymphoma xenografts in vivo.cancer cells are reported to have elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ros) and are highly dependent on cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. numerous nutraceuticals and natural polyphenolic compounds have a wide range of abilities to alter cellular redox states with potential implications in various diseases. furthermore, therapeutic options for cancers are mostly nonselective treatments including genotoxic or tubulin-targeting compounds. some of the natural extracts, con ...201729340014
contamination of tea and tea infusion with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.the aim of this work was to validate the method of determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs), i.e., benzo(a)pyrene and sum of benzo(a)pyrene, benz(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene and chrysene in different types of tea, as well as to assess the transfer of these contaminants from tea to tea infusion. the research materials were popular types of black, green, red and white tea. quantitative and qualitative determination of pahs was performed by high performance liquid chromatogra ...201729283369
comparative effect of camellia sinensis teas on object recognition test deficit and metabolic changes induced by cafeteria diet.consumption of high-fat and high-sugar diets in western countries has increased significantly causing major global health problems including metabolic syndrome and obesity. in addition, studies have suggested that obesity can lead to learning and memory deficits. in this context, the use of natural compounds with low costs, minor side effects and increased antioxidant activity, such as teas, could reduce the damages induced by obesity. we investigated the effect of white, green, red, and black t ...201729280418
shade changing effectiveness of plasdone and blue covarine-based whitening toothpaste on teeth stained with chlorhexidine and black tea.this study evaluated the effectiveness of toothbrushing with whitening toothpaste in altering the shade of stained human enamel.201729279667
green synthesis palladium nanoparticles mediated by white tea (camellia sinensis) extract with antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiproliferative activities toward the human leukemia (molt-4) cell line.among nanoparticles used for medical applications, palladium nanoparticles (pdnps) are among the least investigated. this study was undertaken to develop pdnps by green synthesis using white tea (w.tea; camellia sinensis) extract to produce the pd@w.tea nps. the pd@w.tea nps were characterized by uv-vis spectroscopy and x-ray diffractometry, and evaluated with transmission electron microscopy (tem) and scanning electron microscopy (sem). the pd@w.tea nps were spherical (size 6-18 nm) and contain ...201729276385
external morphology of the mouthparts and observations on behavior of tuckerella japonica on camellia sinensis in the continental usa.tuckerella japonica ehara (acari: tetranychoidea: tuckerellidae) was found on stems of seedling plants of camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze (theaceae) in the continental usa. this mite is able to pierce exposed green periderm tissue with its paired stylets on 1- to 3- or 4-year-old stems where the outer bark had split longitudinally. the mite was not found on branches older than 3 or 4 years, where splitting diminished and, eventually, a uniform covering of bark was formed. the mouthparts of t. j ...201729255965
effect of various teas on color stability of resin composites.to investigate the effect of various teas on color stability of resin composites.201729251455
an induced extrinsic tooth stain prevention model to investigate whitening potential of sugar-free chewing gums.to establish an accelerated clinical test method to evaluate the effectiveness of sugar-free gums in prevention of the formation of extrinsic stains when chewed over a 2-week period in conjunction with daily tooth brushing. a secondary objective was to compare three methods for measuring extrinsic stain.201729251453
two new species of <i>mycterothrips</i> (thysanoptera: thripidae) from southwestern china.mycterothrips gongshanensis sp.n. and m. yelangi sp.n. are described from southwestern china. both species have been collected from tea (camellia sinensis), and m. gongshanensis sp.n. is a potential pest in tea gardens. an identification key is provided to the mycterothrips species recorded from china.201729245515
metabolic characterization of the anthocyanidin reductase pathway involved in the biosynthesis of flavan-3-ols in elite shuchazao tea (camellia sinensis) cultivar in the field.anthocyanidin reductase (anr) is a key enzyme in the anr biosynthetic pathway of flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins (pas) in plants. herein, we report characterization of the anr pathway of flavan-3-ols in shuchazao tea (camellia sinesis), which is an elite and widely grown cultivar in china and is rich in flavan-3-ols providing with high nutritional value to human health. in our study, metabolic profiling was preformed to identify two conjugates and four aglycones of flavan-3-ols: (-)-epigalloc ...201729244739
proteome and acetyl-proteome profiling of camellia sinensis cv. 'anjin baicha' during periodic albinism reveals alterations in photosynthetic and secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways.tea leaf color is not only important from an aesthetics standpoint but is also related to tea quality. to investigate the molecular mechanisms that determine tea leaf color, we examined camellia sinensis cv. 'anjin baicha' (an albino tea cultivar) by tandem mass tag isobaric labeling to generate a high-resolution proteome and acetyl-proteome atlas of three leaf developmental stages. we identified a total of 7,637 proteins and quantified 6,256; of these, 3,232 were classified as differentially ac ...201729312376
fat burner-induced acute liver injury: case series of four patients.dietary supplements known as "fat burners" are typically marketed with claims of increasing energy expenditure through alterations in fat metabolism. they are marketed as natural products and their use is thus perceived as a safe body weight reduction strategy. we report on five episodes of liver injury in four patients. liver injury was associated with consumption of different commercially available fat burners: green tea extract (camellia sinensis), garcinia gummi-gutta, green coffee beans, an ...201729310849
comparison of the effects of three tea cultivars (camellia sinensis l.) on nitric oxide production and aortic soluble guanylate cyclase expression in high-salt diet-fed spontaneously hypertensive rats.studies have suggested that the consumption of green tea reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases. although epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) is the best studied active substance characteristic of green tea, previous results on egcg do not appear sufficient to explain completely the mechanism of cardiovascular protection by green tea. therefore, we investigated the effect of three different tea cultivars, "yabukita," "sofu," and "sunrouge," which have characteristic flavonoid compositions, on t ...201729225315
comparative analysis of the response and gene regulation in cold resistant and susceptible tea plants.cold environment is the main constraint for tea plants (camellia sinensis) distribution and tea farming. we identified two tea cultivars, called var. sinensis cv. shuchazao (scz) with a high cold-tolerance and var. assamica cv. yinghong9 (yh9) with low cold-tolerance. to better understand the response mechanism of tea plants under cold stress for improving breeding, we compared physiological and biochemical responses, and associated genes expression in response to 7-day and 14-day cold acclimati ...201729211766
tracking residual organochlorine pesticides (ocps) in green, herbal, and black tea leaves and infusions of commercially available tea products marketed in poland.the content of residual organochlorine pesticides (ocps) was examined in green, herbal, and black tea leaves as well as in their infusions prepared from tea products marketed in the main supermarkets in poland. it was found that the detected mean levels of organochlorine residues in tea leaves ranged from <lod to 16.36 ng g-1 dry weight. among hexachlorocyclohexane isomers, γ-hch in green tea occurred in the highest concentrations. among dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (ddt) metabolites the high ...201729210611
an in vitro study to compare the effect of different types of tea with chlorhexidine on streptococcusmutans.tea is the second most commonly consumed beverage in the world after water. the leaf and bud of the plant camellia sinensis produces tea. the different forms of tea are 'non-fermented' green tea, 'semi-fermented' oolong tea and 'fermented' black tea according to the manufacturing process. streptococcus mutans is the main causative organism in dental caries and plaque formation.201729207823
development of a rapid and simple method to remove polyphenols from plant extracts.polyphenols are secondary metabolites of plants, which are responsible for prevention of many diseases. polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (pvpp) has a high affinity towards polyphenols. this method involves the use of pvpp column to remove polyphenols under centrifugal force. standards of gallic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, vanillin, and tea extracts (camellia sinensis) were used in this study. pvpp powder was packed in a syringe with different quantities. the test samples were layered over the pvpp c ...201729201056
pre-treated theaflavin-3,3'-digallate has a higher inhibitory effect on the hct116 cell line.the pro-apoptotic and inhibitory effects of the aflavin-3,3'-digallate (tfdg), which is the typical pigment in black tea, have been demonstrated in many cancer cell lines. however, tfdg is not stable in general culture conditions. so, to what extent tfdg or which degradation products of tfdg play an antitumor role is still unclear. in this study, we evaluated the effect of different treatments of tfdg on hct116 cells. compared with the control, both tfdg and o-tfdg (the tfdg that was pre-incubat ...201729200992
cellular injury to 1- to 3+-year-old stems of camellia sinensis by tuckerella japonica.tuckerella japonica ehara (acari: tuckerellidae) feeds on predigested plant cells beneath exposed periderm tissue of 1- to 3+-year-old stems of camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze (theaceae) where longitudinal bark splitting occurs. control samples from these tissues were compared with areas fed upon by t. japonica adults and immatures to characterize types of cellular injury. stylet diameters ranged from 1.6 to 2.3 µm and were consistent with observed stylet punctures in the stems. mite saliva was ...201729188400
influence of particle size and extraction solvent on antioxidant properties of extracts of tea, ginger, and tea-ginger blend.the influence of particle size and extraction solvent on the antioxidant properties of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of tea (camellia sinensis), ginger (zingiber officinale), and tea-ginger (2:1) blend was investigated. the powder sizes studied were 0.425, 0.710, and 1.180 mm. extracts were analyzed for dpph radical scavenging activity, abts radical scavenging activity, total phenol content (tpc), iron chelating activity, total flavonoid content, and peroxide scavenging activity. the powder wit ...201729188046
nutritional supplements and herbal medicines for women with polycystic ovary syndrome; a systematic review and meta-analysis.polycystic ovary syndrome (pcos) is a common, reproductive endocrinopathy associated with serious short and long term health risks. many women with pcos use ingestible complementary medicines. this systematic review examined the effect on menstrual regulation and adverse effects from randomised controlled trials.201729178904
colletotrichum gloeosporioides- contaminated tea infusion blocks lipids reduction and induces kidney damage in mice.when the homogenate of fresh tea tree leaves was fermented to produce black tea beverage, the colletotrichum gloeosporioides (main pathogen or endophyte of camellia sinensis) may be mixed into the fermentation liquor. however, it was unclear whether c. gloeosporioides-contaminated tea beverage would damage human health. therefore, we investigated the changes of functional components and the influences on mice. c. gloeosporioides was added to the green tea infusion. after cultivation of 48 h, tea ...201729163391
functional analysis of an uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of polyphenolic glucoside in tea plants (camellia sinensis).polyphenols are one of the largest groups of compounds that confer benefits to the health of plants and humans. flavonol glycosides are a major ingredient of polyphenols in camellia sinensis. flavonol-3-o-glycosides are characteristic astringent taste compounds in tea infusion. a polyphenolic glycosyltransferase (csugt72am1) belonging to cluster iiib was isolated from the tea plant. the full-length cdna of csugt72am1 is 1416 bp. it encodes 472 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 50.9 ...201729161813
functional characterization of salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase from camellia sinensis, providing the aroma compound of methyl salicylate during the withering process of white tea.methyl salicylate (mesa) is one of the volatile organic compounds (vocs) that releases floral scent and plays an important role in the sweet flowery aroma of tea. during the withering process for white tea producing, mesa was generated by salicylic acid carboxyl methyltransferase (samt) with salicylic acid (sa), and the specific floral scent was formed. in this study, we first cloned a cssamt from tea leaves (genbank accession no. mg459470) and used escherichia coli and saccharomyces cerevisiae ...201729160698
identification of drought-responsive mirnas and physiological characterization of tea plant (camellia sinensis l.) under drought stress.drought stress is one of the major natural challenges in the main tea-producing regions of china. the tea plant (camellia sinensis) is a traditional beverage plant whose growth status directly affects tea quality. recent studies have revealed that micrornas (mirnas) play key functions in plant growth and development. although some mirnas have been identified in c. sinensis, little is known about their roles in the drought stress response of tea plants.201729157225
comparative proteomics reveals the physiological differences between winter tender shoots and spring tender shoots of a novel tea (camellia sinensis l.) cultivar evergrowing in winter.a recently discovered tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze] cultivar can generate tender shoots in winter. we performed comparative proteomics to analyze the differentially accumulated proteins between winter and spring tender shoots of this clonal cultivar to reveal the physiological basis of its evergrowing character during winter.201729157222
genome-wide identification of conserved and novel micrornas in one bud and two tender leaves of tea plant (camellia sinensis) by small rna sequencing, microarray-based hybridization and genome survey scaffold sequences.micrornas (mirnas) are important for plant growth and responses to environmental stresses via post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. tea, which is primarily produced from one bud and two tender leaves of the tea plant (camellia sinensis), is one of the most popular non-alcoholic beverages worldwide owing to its abundance of secondary metabolites. a large number of mirnas have been identified in various plants, including non-model species. however, due to the lack of reference genome ...201729157210
phenolic compounds as natural and multifunctional anti-obesity agents: a review.prevalence of obesity worldwide has reached pandemic proportions. despite the increasing evidence in the implication of phenolic compounds in obesity management, the real effect is not completely understood. the available in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the implication of phenolic compounds in: lowering food intake, decreasing lipogenesis, increasing lipolysis, stimulating fatty acids β-oxidation, inhibiting adipocyte differentiation and growth, attenuating inflammatory responses ...201729156939
molecular link between leaf coloration and gene expression of flavonoid and carotenoid biosynthesis in camellia sinensis cultivar 'huangjinya'.'huangjinya' is an excellent albino tea germplasm cultivated in china because of its bright color and high amino acid content. it is light sensitive, with yellow leaves under intense light while green leaves under weak light. as well, the flavonoid and carotenoid levels increased after moderate shading treatment. however, the mechanism underlying this interesting phenomenon remains unclear. in this study, the transcriptome of 'huangjinya' plants exposed to sunlight and shade were analyzed by hig ...201728596773
bioavailability of black tea theaflavins: absorption, metabolism, and colonic catabolism.data obtained with in vitro fecal incubations and a feeding study indicate black tea theaflavin and its galloyl derivatives are not absorbed in detectable amounts in either the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract. the theaflavin skeleton is comparatively resistant to degradation by colonic bacteria with a 67% recovery being obtained after a 24 h incubation, which yielded 21 phenolic and aromatic catabolites. the theaflavin galloyl moiety was removed by the microbiota, and the released gallic a ...201728595385
camellia sinensis prevents perinatal nicotine-induced neurobehavioral alterations, tissue injury, and oxidative stress in male and female mice newborns.nicotine exposure during pregnancy induces oxidative stress and leads to behavioral alterations in early childhood and young adulthood. the current study aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of green tea (camellia sinensis) against perinatal nicotine-induced behavioral alterations and oxidative stress in mice newborns. pregnant mice received 50 mg/kg c. sinensis on gestational day 1 (pd1) to postnatal day 15 (d15) and were subcutaneously injected with 0.25 mg/kg nicotine from pd1 ...201728588748
protective effects of green tea on olanzapine-induced-metabolic syndrome in rats.atypical antipsychotics particularly olanzapine are associated with obesity and serious metabolic disturbances. as green tea (camellia sinensis) is generally associated with beneficial effects on obesity and other metabolic disturbances, this study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of green tea aqueous extract (gtae) on olanzapine induced weight gain and metabolic abnormalities in rats. male wistar rats were divided into eight groups: control, olanzapine (5mg/kg/day, ip.), gtae (25, 50 and 1 ...201728586744
a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial examining the effects of green tea extract on systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity and quality of life.antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory benefit of green tea (camellia sinensis) in autoimmune disease has been proven in recent studies. the objective of this study was to assess the effects of green tea on disease activity and quality of life in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. a randomized controlled trial on subjects with lupus was conducted, and 68 patients in the age range of 39.1 ± 10.3 years and body mass index of 25.7 ± 5.21 kg/m2 completed the 12-week study. patients were randomly ...201728585735
the synergistic potential of various teas, herbs and therapeutic drugs in health improvement: a review.tea is one of the most widely consumed non-alcoholic beverages in the world next to water. it is classified as camellia sinensis and non-camellia sinensis (herbal teas). the common bioactive compounds found mainly in green teas are flavan-3-ols (catechins) (also called flavanols), proanthocyanidins (tannins) and flavonols. black tea contains theaflavins and thearubigins and white tea contains l-theanine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba), while herbal teas contain diverse polyphenols. phytochemi ...201728585285
a case of green tea (camellia sinensis) imbibement causing possible anaphylaxis. 201728583266
olivibacter flavus sp. nov., a novel endophytic bacterium isolated from the root of camellia sinensis.a novel gram-negative rod, endophytic bacterium, designated strain tmcc 8258t, was isolated from the root of camellia sinensis collected from puer, south-west china. comparative 16s rrna gene sequence analysis showed that the strain belongs to the family sphingobacteriaceae and a neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree suggested that strain tmcc 8258t formed a cluster with the type strain of olivibacter ginsengisoli (showed the highest 16s rrna gene sequence similarity of 95.8%). chemotaxonomic data ...201728577180
paradigm shift of contamination risk of six heavy metals in tea (camellia sinensis l.) growing soil: a new approach influenced by inorganic and organic amendments.the present study provides several contamination and ecological risk indices for selected metals (cd, cr, cu, mn, ni and zn) in tea (camellia sinensis l.; cv. s.3a/3) growing soil influenced by lower to higher doses of inorganic and organic amendments. while ecological risk indices were applied, it was observed that same treatment showed different risk levels but contamination risk status did not vary significantly. all the indices showed significant correlation with heavy metals' concentration ...201728575803
c-geranylated flavanones from yingde black tea and their antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibition activities.yingde black tea is produced from crude tea prepared from leaves of camellia sinensis var. assamica. in this work, we isolated and identified five novel flavanones, namely, amelliaone a-e (1-5), along with seven known compounds 6-12 from the ethanol extract of yingde black tea. the structures of these five novel phenolic compounds were determined using extensive 1d and 2d nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments. the compounds were further evaluated for antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhi ...201728554631
quality improvement of a rice-substituted fried noodle by utilizing the protein-polyphenol interaction between a pea protein isolate and green tea (camellia sinensis) extract.the quality of rice-substituted fried noodles was improved by applying interaction between pea protein isolate (ppi) and green tea extract (gte). radical-scavenging activities of gte were stably maintained when exposed to acidic ph, uv light, and fluorescent light, but decreased by approximately 65% when exposed to 80°c for 168h. the rva profiles of noodle dough showed that peak viscosity and breakdown increased significantly but that setback and final viscosity remained unchanged with 20% rice ...201728554624
research on pyrolysis behavior of camellia sinensis branches via the discrete distributed activation energy model.this study aims at investigating the pyrolysis behavior of camellia sinensis branches by the discrete distributed activation energy model (daem) and thermogravimetric experiments. then the discrete daem method is used to describe pyrolysis process of camellia sinensis branches dominated by 12 characterized reactions. the decomposition mechanism of camellia sinensis branches and interaction with components are observed. and the reaction at 350.77°c is a significant boundary of the first and secon ...201728551431
what is in your cup of tea? dna verity test to characterize black and green commercial teas.in this study, we used several molecular techniques to develop a fast and reliable protocol (dna verity test, dvt) for the characterization and confirmation of the species or taxa present in herbal infusions. as a model plant for this protocol, camellia sinensis, a traditional tea plant, was selected due to the following reasons: its historical popularity as a (healthy) beverage, its high selling value, the importation of barely recognizable raw product (i.e., crushed), and the scarcity of studi ...201728542606
flavanols from the camellia sinensis var. assamica and their hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities.α-glucosidase and lipase inhibitors play important roles in the treatment of hyperglycaemia and dyslipidemia. to identify novel naturally occurring inhibitors, a bioactivity-guided phytochemical research was performed on the pu-erh tea. one new flavanol, named (-)-epicatechin-3-o-(z)-coumarate (1), and 16 known analogs (2-17) were isolated from the aqueous extract of the pu-erh tea. their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. furthermore, the water extract of pu-erh t ...201728540171
antidiabetic effects of tea.diabetes mellitus (dm) is a chronic endocrine disease resulted from insulin secretory defect or insulin resistance and it is a leading cause of death around the world. the care of dm patients consumes a huge budget due to the high frequency of consultations and long hospitalizations, making dm a serious threat to both human health and global economies. tea contains abundant polyphenols and caffeine which showed antidiabetic activity, so the development of antidiabetic medications from tea and it ...201728531120
metabolic phenotyping of various tea (camellia sinensis l.) cultivars and understanding of their intrinsic metabolism.recently, we selected three tea (camellia sinensis) cultivars that are rich in taste, epigallocatechin-3-o-gallate (egcg) and epigallocatechin-3-o-(3-o-methyl)-gallate (egcg3″me) and then cultivated them through asexual propagation by cutting in the same region. in the present study, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1h nmr)-based metabolomics was applied to characterize the metabotype and to understand the metabolic mechanism of these tea cultivars including wild type tea. of the tea leaf meta ...201728530581
characterization of white tea metabolome: comparison against green and black tea by a nontargeted metabolomics approach.white tea is considered the least processed form of tea and is reported to have a series of potent bioactivities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, and anti-cancer activities. however, the chemical composition of white tea and the dynamic changes of the metabolites during the manufacturing process are far from clear. in this study, we applied a nontargeted metabolomics approach based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass ...201728528106
functional characterizations of β-glucosidases involved in aroma compound formation in tea (camellia sinensis).tea (camellia sinensis) aroma is an important factor affecting tea quality. many tea aroma compounds are present as glycosidically conjugated forms in tea leaves, and can be hydrolyzed by β-glucosidase (β-glu) and β-primeverosidase to release free tea aromas. β-primeverosidase has been identified and functionally characterized, while β-glu has not been identified in tea leaves. in the present study, we established a yeast expression system to recombine csgh1bg1, csgh3bg1, and csgh5bg1, which bel ...201728528101
proteomic analysis of tea plants (camellia sinensis) with purple young shoots during leaf development.tea products made from purple leaves are highly preferred by consumers due to the health benefits. this study developed a proteome reference map related to color changes during leaf growth in tea (camellia sinensis) plant with purple young shoots using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de). forty-six differentially expressed proteins were detected in the gel and successfully identified by using maldi-tof/tof-ms. the pronounced changes in the proteomic profile between tender purple leaves (tpl) ...201728520776
expression of key structural genes of the phenylpropanoid pathway associated with catechin epimerization in tea cultivars.catechin epimerization is an important factor affecting tea catechin compositions and thereby tea quality. however, a lack of tea germplasms with high non-epicatechins limits relative research. here, a tea cultivar y510 with high non-epicatechins was firstly reported and used for catechin and rna sequencing (rna-seq) analysis. results showed that the (-)-gallocatechin gallate and (+)-catechin (c) contents in y510 were at least 136 and 6 times higher than those in fudingdabaicha and 0306i, but th ...201728515736
characterization of l-theanine excitatory actions on hippocampal neurons: toward the generation of novel n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor modulators based on its backbone.l-theanine (or l-γ-n-ethyl-glutamine) is the major amino acid found in camellia sinensis. it has received much attention because of its pleiotropic physiological and pharmacological activities leading to health benefits in humans, especially. we describe here a new, easy, efficient, and environmentally friendly chemical synthesis of l-theanine and l-γ-n-propyl-gln and their corresponding d-isomers. l-theanine, and its derivatives obtained so far, exhibited partial coagonistic action at n-methyl- ...201728511005
short-term effects of green tea chronotherapy on the metabolic homeostasis of mice on different diets.biological rhythms can be defined as changes in physiological or behavioral variables that repeat at certain time intervals. rhythms that last approximately 24 h are referred to as circadian rhythms. modern lifestyles have drastically affected human habits, as well as the population's eating habits. these changes have generated an epidemic of metabolic syndromes, such as obesity and diabetes. in an attempt to combat obesity, populations have attempted to use many different herbal remedies and pl ...201728510251
camellia sinensis increased apoptosis on u2os osteosarcoma cells and wound healing potential on nih3t3 fibroblast cells.camellia sinensis (cs) is a plant which is rich in polyphenols and has antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic and antibacterial activities. in this study, two different methanol extracts (cs-i and cs-ii) were prepared from the leaf of c. sinensis in order to investigate the wound healing and anticancer activities. total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the extracts were determined. wound healing effects of cs extracts were evaluated by using masson's trichrome ...201728509991
quantitative succinyl-proteome profiling of camellia sinensis cv. 'anji baicha' during periodic albinism.lysine succinylation is a novel dynamic and evolutionarily conserved post-translational modification (ptm) that regulates various biological processes. 'anji baicha' is an albino tea variety that exhibits temperature-based variability of leaf colour and amino acid concentrations. however, the mechanism underlying albinism in 'anji baicha' has not been investigated at the level of succinylation. here, we identify 3530 lysine succinylation sites mapped to 2132 proteins in 'anji baicha', representi ...201728500349
nickel nanoparticle synthesis using camellia sinensis as reducing and capping agent: growth mechanism and photo-catalytic activity evaluation.recently, the biosynthesis of nanoparticle attracted the attention of scientific community due to its simplicity, ease and eco-friendly nature. in the present study, camellia sinensis (c. sinensis) leaves extract was employed for the synthesis of nickel nanoparticles (ninps). the fabricated ninps were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (sem) and energy-dispersive x-ray (edx) and x-ray diffraction techniques. the photocatalytic activity (pca) was evaluated by degrading crystal violet ( ...201728495625
artemisinin-luminol chemiluminescence for forensic bloodstain detection using a smart phone as a detector.forensic luminol chemiluminescence test is one of the most sensitive and popular methods for the determination of latent bloodstains. it mainly uses hydrogen peroxide or sodium perborate as coreactants. the easy decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate in the presence of many ions significantly affects the selectivity. artemisinin is a natural peroxide that is quite stable in the presence of common ions. in the present study, artemisinin has been exploited for the forensic bloodst ...201728492080
transcriptome and metabolite analysis identifies nitrogen utilization genes in tea plant (camellia sinensis).applied nitrogen (n) fertilizer significantly increases the leaf yield. however, most n is not utilized by the plant, negatively impacting the environment. to date, little is known regarding n utilization genes and mechanisms in the leaf production. to understand this, we investigated transcriptomes using rna-seq and amino acid levels with n treatment in tea (camellia sinensis), the most popular beverage crop. we identified 196 and 29 common differentially expressed genes in roots and leaves, re ...201728490757
effects of dietary green tea (camellia sinensis l.) supplementation on growth performance, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant status in a sturgeon hybrid of sterlet (huso huso ♂ × acipenser ruthenus ♀) fed oxidized fish oil.lipid content of diet is very susceptible to oxidation, especially when stored for a long time, so for evaluating protective effects of green tea in fish received oxidized oil, this study was done. lipid content of diet was replaced by oxidized fish oil (ofo) in 0, 50, and 100%. green tea extract (gte) was added to diet in three levels, 0, 5, and 100 mg/kg giving a total of nine experimental diets. two hundred and seventy sturgeon hybrid of sterlet (huso huso ♀ × acipenser ruthenus ♂) with initi ...201728488192
nitric oxide mediates brassinosteroid-induced flavonoid biosynthesis in camellia sinensis l.flavonoids are one of the key secondary metabolites determining the quality of tea. although exogenous brassinosteroid (br), a steroidal plant hormone, can stimulate polyphenol biosynthesis in tea plants (camellia sinensis l.), the relevance of endogenous br in flavonoid accumulation and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. here we show that br enhances flavonoid concentration in tea leaves by inducing an increase in the endogenous concentration of nitric oxide (no). notably, exogen ...201728482335
probable benefits of green tea with genetic implications.tea is produced from the camellia sinensis plant and can generally be divided into categories based on how they are processed. in general, green tea that is unfermented c. sinensis has been considered superior to black tea in health benefits. it contains a unique set of catechins that possess biological activity as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative, which is potentially significant to the prevention and treatment of various forms of diseases. oral cavity oxidative stress and i ...201728479696
oak kombucha protects against oxidative stress and inflammatory processes.black tea infusion is the common substrate for preparing kombucha; however other sources such as oak leaves infusions can be used for the same purpose. almost any white oak species have been used for medicinal applications by some ethnic groups in mexico and could be also suitable for preparing kombucha analogues from oak (kao). the objective of this research was to investigate the antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects of kao by examining its modulation ability on macrophage-derived ...201728476604
the tea tree genome provides insights into tea flavor and independent evolution of caffeine biosynthesis.tea is the world's oldest and most popular caffeine-containing beverage with immense economic, medicinal, and cultural importance. here, we present the first high-quality nucleotide sequence of the repeat-rich (80.9%), 3.02-gb genome of the cultivated tea tree camellia sinensis. we show that an extraordinarily large genome size of tea tree is resulted from the slow, steady, and long-term amplification of a few ltr retrotransposon families. in addition to a recent whole-genome duplication event, ...201728473262
breast cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects of camellia sinensis (green tea): an updated review.camellia sinensis belongs to the plant family of theaceae, native to east asia, the indian subcontinent and southeast asia, but naturalized in many parts of the world. the aim of this study was to overview its anti-breast cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects. this review article is aimed to overview breast cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects of camellia sinensis (green tea).201728465816
supplementation with different teas from camellia sinensis prevents memory deficits and hippocampus oxidative stress in ischemia-reperfusion.memory and cognition impairments resultant of ischemic stroke could be minimized or avoided by antioxidant supplementation. in this regard, the neuroprotective potential of green tea from camellia sinensis has been investigated. however, there is a lack of information regarding the neuroprotective potential of others teas processed from the camellia sinensis. here we investigate the neuroprotective role of green, red, white and black tea on memory deficits and brain oxidative stress in a model o ...201728465087
comprehensive transcriptome analyses reveal differential gene expression profiles of camellia sinensis axillary buds at para-, endo-, ecodormancy, and bud flush stages.winter dormancy is an important biological feature for tea plant to survive cold winters, and it also affects the economic output of tea plant, one of the few woody plants in the world whose leaves are harvested and one of the few non-conifer evergreen species with characterized dormancies. to discover the bud dormancy regulation mechanism of tea plant in winter, we analyzed the global gene expression profiles of axillary buds at the paradormancy, endodormancy, ecodormancy, and bud flush stages ...201728458678
corneal staining and hot black tea compresses.warm compresses are widely touted as an effective treatment for ocular surface disorders. black tea compresses are a common household remedy, although there is no evidence in the medical literature proving their effect and their use may lead to harmful side effects.201728457091
heterologous expression of three camellia sinensis small heat shock protein genes confers temperature stress tolerance in yeast and arabidopsis thaliana.cshsp17.7, cshsp18.1, and cshsp21.8 expressions are induced by heat and cold stresses, and cshsp overexpression confers tolerance to heat and cold stresses in transgenic pichia pastoris and arabidopsis thaliana. small heat shock proteins (shsps) are crucial for protecting plants against biotic and abiotic stresses, especially heat stress. however, knowledge concerning the functions of camellia sinensis shsp in heat and cold stresses remains poorly understood. in this study, three c. sinensis shs ...201728455764
reliable reference genes for normalization of gene expression data in tea plants (camellia sinensis) exposed to metal stresses.tea plants [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze] are an important leaf-type crop that are widely used for the production of non-alcoholic beverages in the world. exposure to excessive amounts of heavy metals adversely affects the quality and yield of tea leaves. to analyze the molecular responses of tea plants to heavy metals, a reliable quantification of gene expression is important and of major importance herein is the normalization of the measured expression levels for the target genes. ideally, ...201728453515
comparison of metabolomics approaches for evaluating the variability of complex botanical preparations: green tea (camellia sinensis) as a case study.a challenge that must be addressed when conducting studies with complex natural products is how to evaluate their complexity and variability. traditional methods of quantifying a single or a small range of metabolites may not capture the full chemical complexity of multiple samples. different metabolomics approaches were evaluated to discern how they facilitated comparison of the chemical composition of commercial green tea [camellia sinensis (l.) kuntze] products, with the goal of capturing the ...201728453261
formation of (e)-nerolidol in tea (camellia sinensis) leaves exposed to multiple stresses during tea manufacturing.(e)-nerolidol is a volatile sesquiterpene that contributes to the floral aroma of teas (camellia sinensis). the unique manufacturing process for oolong tea involves multiple stresses, resulting in a high content of (e)-nerolidol, which is not known to form in tea leaves. this study aimed to determine the formation mechanism of (e)-nerolidol in tea exposed to multiple stresses during tea manufacture. c. sinensis (e)-nerolidol synthase (csnes) recombinant protein, found in the cytosol, was found t ...201728450026
l-theanine content and related gene expression: novel insights into theanine biosynthesis and hydrolysis among different tea plant (camellia sinensis l.) tissues and cultivars.l-theanine content has tissues and cultivars specificity in tea plant (camellia sinensis l.), the correlations of theanine metabolic related genes expression profiles with theanine contents were explored in this study. l-theanine contents in the bud and 1st leaf, 2nd leaf, 3rd leaf, old leaf, stem, and lateral root were determined by hplc from three c. sinensis cultivars, namely 'huangjinya', 'anjibaicha', and 'yingshuang', respectively. the theanine contents in leaves and root of 'huangjinya' w ...201728439281
targeted intracellular heat transfer in cancer therapy: assessment of asparagine-laminated gold nanoparticles in cell model of t cell leukemia.high temperatures have destructive effects on cancer cells by damaging proteins and structures within cells. gold nanoparticles (aunps) can act as drug delivery vehicles, especially for cancer therapy. due to the selective intake of asparagine molecules into malignant cells, aunps were coated with asparagine; and ccrf-cem human t-cell leukemia cells were treated with the new combination, asn-aunps, at 39 °c.201728435822
effect of black tea consumption on radial blood pulse spectrum and cognitive health.black tea consumption has been proven to improve endothelial function and to lower the risk of stroke and cognitive impairment. several effects of black tea on cardiovascular system had been surveyed. however, the black tea effect on pressure pulse spectrum remains unknown. the study was aimed to investigate the influence of black tea on radial blood pressure and pulse spectrum. fourteen healthy subjects received water and single doses of black tea (0.05g/kg) in separate weeks. the radial blood ...201728434461
theanine: the unique amino acid in the tea plant as an oral hepatoprotective agent.for thousands of years, humans have consumed tea made from leaves of camellia sinensis, first as a medicinal herb and then as a widely popular beverage. in the past 10 years, theanine, a tea-derived, unique, nonproteinic amino acid, has been extensively studied for its health benefits. recently, multiple lines of evidence have proven its beneficial effects on hepatic and immune functions. one possible mechanism for its biological activity involves the downregulation of the inflammatory response ...201728429900
regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple leaves of zijuan tea (camellia sinensis var. kitamura).plant anthocyanin biosynthesis is well understood, but the regulatory mechanism in purple foliage tea remains unclear. using isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (itraq), 815 differential proteins were identified in the leaves of zijuan tea, among which 20 were associated with the regulation of anthocyanin metabolism. we found that the abundances of anthocyanin synthesis-related enzymes such as chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase and anthocyanin sy ...201728422049
quality, antioxidant activity and composition of indian black teas.a comparative study was undertaken to determine the difference in quality, antioxidant activity, and mineral content of northern and southern indian tea varieties. the results showed that the antioxidant activity, theaflavin and thearubigin content, color particle size and total soluble solids influence the tea leaf and tea dust. assam leaf showed higher values for all the physico-chemical properties followed by darjeeling leaf. in addition, the mineral composition of the tea infusion was also i ...201728416877
impact of light irradiation on black tea quality during withering.black tea manufacture usually involves the processes of withering, cutting, fermentation and drying. the aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of the relationship between the quality and withering with different light sources (ultraviolet, yellow, blue, purple, orange, red, cyan, green and white) an quality attribute of tea. the results indicated that the yellow, orange and red light withering significantly improved the aroma and taste, imparting the tea a sweet flavor and a fresh and ...201728416872
spontaneously assembled nano-aggregates in clear green tea infusions from camellia ptilophylla and camellia sinensis.tea nano-aggregates spontaneously assembled in clear tea infusions are considered as the precursors of tea cream, although their molecular basis remains obscure. here, we characterized nano-aggregates in green tea infusions from camellia ptilophylla, a peculiar tea variety with 6.0% of theobromine, and camellia sinensis as the control for comparative purpose. numerous negatively charged spherical colloidal particles of 50-100 nm in diameter were primarily found in both green tea infusions. catec ...201728412808
pestalotiopsis and allied genera from camellia, with description of 11 new species from china.a total of 124 pestalotiopsis-like isolates associated with symptomatic and asymptomatic tissues of camellia sinensis and other camellia spp. from eight provinces in china were investigated. based on single- and multi-locus (its, tef, tub2) phylogenies, as well as morphological characters, host associations and geographical distributions, they were classified into at least 19 species in three genera, i.e. neopestalotiopsis, pestalotiopsis and pseudopestalotiopsis. eight novel species in pestalot ...201728408743
bionic multi-tentacled ionic liquid-modified silica gel for adsorption and separation of polyphenols from green tea (camellia sinensis) leaves.for the first time, a new kind of bionic multi-tentacled ionic liquid-modified silica gel was synthesized and used as selective adsorbent in the preparative separation of tea polyphenols (tp) from green tea leaves. it was found that silica particles with polyvinyl alcohol chains modified by n-methyl imidazole proline salt (pva·im+·pro-@sio2) had the excellent performance in selective adsorption as well as fine separation for target compounds. the new adsorbent exhibited high adsorption capacity ...201728407961
a new cineol derivative, polyphenols and norterpenoids from saharan myrtle tea (myrtus nivellei): isolation, structure determination, quantitative determination and antioxidant activity.the phytochemical profile of decoction and infusion, obtained from the dried leaves of m. nivellei, consumed as tea in saharan region, was characterized by uhplc-pda-hrms. fourteen compounds were characterized and, to confirm the proposed structures a preparative procedure followed by nmr spectroscopy was applied. compound 3 (2-hydroxy-1,8-cineole disaccharide) was a never reported whereas a bicyclic monoterpenoid glucoside (2), two ionol glucosides (1 and 12), a tri-galloylquinic acid (4), two ...201728363507
[influence of luxury foodstuffs on glaucoma].the term "luxury foodstuffs" refers to foods which are not consumed because of their nutritional value. classic modern luxury foodstuffs are alcohol, caffeine-containing drinks, cocoa, sugar and tobacco. the following review article examines some of these modern luxury foodstuffs in detail, as well as their influence on glaucoma. thus, small quantities of alcohol lower high intraocular pressure and have a positive influence on the blood circulation of the optic nerve. in addition, red wine polyp ...201728142165
modulatory effects of green tea extract against the hepatotoxic effects of 4-nonylphenol in catfish (clarias gariepinus).the antioxidant role of the green tea (camellia sinensis) extract (gte) was examined to remedy the toxic effects of (0.2mgl-1) 4-nonylphenol(4-np). biochemical parameters, antioxidant enzymes, liver lipid peroxidation (lpo), dna fragmentation, and apoptosis as well as histopathology of liver of african catfish clarias gariepinus were considered. catfishes were divided into four groups: first group (control), second group (0.2mgl-1 of 4-np), third group (0.2mgl-1of 4-np +100mg gte l-1water), and ...201829156308
radiocesium uptake through leaf surfaces of tea plants (camellia sinensis l.).to clarify the source of radiocesium detected in newly emerged tea leaves contaminated just before the time of bud opening by fallout of radionuclides from fukushima dai-ichi nuclear power plant, 137cscl solution (0.185 m bq ml-1) was applied to the front or the backside surfaces of mature leaves of tea plant (camellia sinensis l. cv. yabukita) at the time of bud opening. a 21 days after foliar application, the buds had grown and developed to the three- or four-leaf stage. in the front treatment ...201829197749
theaflavin-3,3'-digallate enhances the inhibitory effect of cisplatin by regulating the copper transporter 1 and glutathione in human ovarian cancer cells.ovarian cancer has the highest fatality rate among the gynecologic cancers. the side effects, high relapse rate, and drug resistance lead to low long-term survival rate (less than 40%) of patients with advanced ovarian cancer. theaflavin-3,3'-digallate (tf3), a black tea polyphenol, showed less cytotoxicity to normal ovarian cells than ovarian cancer cells. we aimed to investigate whether tf3 could potentiate the inhibitory effect of cisplatin against human ovarian cancer cell lines. in the pres ...201829301278
naphthoquinone metabolites produced by monacrosporium ambrosium, the ectosymbiotic fungus of tea shot-hole borer, euwallacea fornicatus, in stems of tea, camellia sinensis.the tea shot-hole borer beetle (tshb, euwallacea fornicatus) causes serious damage in plantations of tea, camellia sinensis var. assamica, in sri lanka and south india. tshb is found in symbiotic association with the ambrosia fungus, monacrosporium ambrosium (syn. fusarium ambrosium), in galleries located within stems of tea bushes. m. ambrosium is known to be the sole food source of tshb. six naphthoquinones produced during spore germination in a laboratory culture broth of m. ambrosium were is ...201829292470
an emerging strategy for evaluating the grades of keemun black tea by combinatory liquid chromatography-orbitrap mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomics and inhibition effects on α-glucosidase and α-amylase.quantitative analysis and untargeted liquid chromatography mass spectrum (lc-ms) based metabolomics of different grades of keemun black tea (kbt) were conducted. quantitative analysis did not show tight correlation between tea grades and contents of polyphenols, but untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed that high-grades kbt were distinguished from the low-grades. s-plot and variable importance (vip) analysis gave 28 marker compounds responsible for the discrimination of different grades of k ...201829291881
simplified recovery of enzymes and nutrients in sweet potato wastewater and preparing health black tea and theaflavins with scrap tea.the industry discards generous organic wastewater in sweet potato starch factory and scrap tea in tea production. a simplified procedure to recover all biochemicals from the wastewater of sweet potato starch factory and use them to make health black tea and theaflavins from scrap green tea was developed. the sweet potato wastewater was sequentially treated by isoelectric precipitation, ultrafiltration and nanofiltration to recover polyphenol oxidase (ppo), β-amylase, and small molecular fraction ...201829287451
antioxidative flavan-3-ol dimers from the leaves of camellia fangchengensis.camellia fangchengensis liang et zhong, belonging to the genus camellia sect. thea (theaceae), is an endemic tea species to the south and southwest areas of guangxi province, people's republic of china. known as a wild tea plant, the leaves have been used for producing green tea or black tea by the local people of its growing area. hplc and lc-ms analysis showed the leaves contain oligomeric catechins as major phenolic components. further detailed phytochemical study led to the identification of ...201829232949
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