Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| nucleotide sequence of the 16s rrna from mycobacterium leprae. | 1990 | 1699204 | |
| detection of antibodies to 35 kd determinant of m. leprae in urine and serum of leprosy patients. | urine and serum samples from 67 subjects comprising 55 active cases of different types of leprosy and 12 normal controls were subjected to monoclonal antibody based urine antibody competition test (uact) and serum antibody competition test (sact) respectively. it was possible to demonstrate m. leprae specific antibodies in the urine of 50% of the seropositive subjects. urine antibody positivity was observed to the extent of 52% in bl/ll subjects, 50% in bb and 43% in tt/bt types of leprosy. | 1990 | 1699385 |
| hla-dq molecules and the control of mycobacterium leprae-specific t cell nonresponsiveness in lepromatous leprosy patients. | the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) controls of the outcome of the immune response to t cell-dependent antigens by dictating whether t cell responsiveness will result (mhc-immune response [ir]genes) or alternatively t cell nonresponsiveness will occur, possibly through the activation of suppressor cells (mhc-immune suppression [is] genes). in mice, i-a molecules typically restrict antigen-specific helper t cells. in contrast, h-2 i-e molecules have been reported to control nonresponsivene ... | 1990 | 1700754 |
| mycobacterium leprae-specific t cells from a tuberculoid leprosy patient suppress hla-dr3-restricted t cell responses to an immunodominant epitope on 65-kda hsp of mycobacteria. | the polar tuberculoid type (tt) of leprosy, characterized by high t cell reactivity to mycobacterium leprae, is associated with hla-dr3. surprisingly, dr3-restricted low t cell responsiveness to m. leprae was found in hla-dr3-positive tt leprosy patients. this low responsiveness was specifically induced by m. leprae but not by m. tuberculosis and was seen only in patients and not in healthy controls. we studied this patient-specific, m. leprae-induced, dr3-restricted low t cell responsiveness in ... | 1990 | 1701000 |
| development of diagnostic tests for leprosy and tuberculosis. | 1990 | 1701561 | |
| immunoreactivity of t-cells from leprosy patients to icrc and m. leprae antigens before and after vaccination. | 1990 | 1701562 | |
| specificity of lymphoid cells within peripheral nerve lesions of paucibacillary leprosy patients. | 1990 | 1701564 | |
| human immune response to recombinant interferon gamma and protein antigen lsr2. | 1990 | 1701565 | |
| development of a highly specific diagnostic 23s rdna oligonucleotide probe for mycobacterium leprae. | a 21-mer dna oligonucleotide probe targeting the 23s rrna of mycobacterium leprae was developed and its high specificity demonstrated by dot-blot hybridization. even under relaxed hybridization and washing conditions (20 degrees c below tm) the probe was highly selective in that positive signals were only detected with m. leprae, about half of the slow-growing and one of the fast-growing reference mycobacteria and gordona bronchialis. at more stringent washing temperatures (6 degrees c below tm) ... | 1990 | 1366740 |
| synthesis of the trisaccharide-protein conjugate of the phenolic glycolipid of mycobacterium tuberculosis for the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis. | the trisaccharide segment of the phenolic glycolipid (pgl) of mycobacterium tuberculosis, 2-o-methyl-3-o-[3-o-(2,3,4-tri-o-methyl-alpha-l-fucopyranosyl)-alpha-l- rhamnopyranosyl]-alpha-l-rhamnopyranose, was synthesized in the form of the p-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl glycoside by a stepwise condensation. 2,4-di-o-benzyl-3-o-acetyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl chloride was coupled to p-(2-methoxycarbonylethyl)phenyl 4-o-benzyl-2-o-methyl-alpha-l-rhamnopyranoside in the presence of silver triflate, ... | 1991 | 1368732 |
| isolation and structural characteristics of a monoclonal antibody-defined cross-reactive phospholipid antigen from mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae. | a low molecular weight antigen of mycobacterium leprae and other mycobacteria was previously defined in our laboratory by means of igg2a monoclonal antibody termed l4. the antigen had an apparent molecular mass of 4.5-6 kda on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and was assumed to be a glycoprotein on the basis of its staining with periodic acid schiff and sensitivity to periodate treatment. in the present work, the cross-reactive and phospholipidic nature of the antigen, p ... | 1991 | 1702433 |
| effect of anti-leprosy drugs on superoxide anion production by rat peritoneal macrophage with special reference to light exposed clofazimine. | the present study describes the in vitro effect of anti-leprosy drugs on superoxide anion (o2-) production by rat resident peritoneal macrophages. of the three drugs tested i.e. clofazimine, rifampicin and dapsone, the first was most effective in increasing o2- production in a dose dependent manner, while rifampicin had some stimulatory effect and dapsone exhibited minimal action. furthermore, when clofazimine and dapsone were added together it was observed that the increase of o2- production by ... | 1991 | 1646774 |
| activities of various macrolide antibiotics against mycobacterium leprae infection in mice. | we evaluated the activities of several macrolide antibiotics against m. leprae infections in mouse footpads. erythromycin and azithromycin were inactive, while both roxithromycin and clarithromycin were found to be consistently active and, in fact, bactericidal. by both methods, clarithromycin was found to be superior to roxithromycin, a finding which, at least in part, may be a consequence of the higher levels of clarithromycin at the site of infection. | 1991 | 1648889 |
| some possible interactions of m. leprae and hiv in the peripheral nerves. | 1991 | 1649237 | |
| evidence for clonal selection of gamma/delta t cells in response to a human pathogen. | t cells bearing gamma/delta antigen receptors comprise a resident population of intraepithelial lymphocytes in organs such as skin, gut, and lungs, where they are strategically located to contribute to the initial defense against infection. an important unsolved question about antigen-driven gamma/delta t cell responses regards the breadth of their t cell receptor (tcr) repertoire, since many specific epithelial compartments in mice display limited diversity. we have examined the diversity of tc ... | 1991 | 1651977 |
| comparison of dna fragment patterns between the phenolic glycolipid-tb producers and non-producers of mycobacterium tuberculosis. | differences in ability to produce the specific phenolic glycolipid-tb (pgl-tb) antigen among mycobacterium tuberculosis strains have been reported. one of the explanations would be the genotypic variation between the strains. in this study, we compared the dna fragment patterns after digestion of dna with various restriction enzymes between the pgl-tb producing and non-producing strains of m. tuberculosis. three clinical isolates of m. tuberculosis producing the pgl-tb antigen detectable by thin ... | 1991 | 1664164 |
| in vitro and in vivo interactions of drugs used in multidrug therapy in leprosy. | interactions of different drugs commonly used in multiple drug therapy were evaluated using both in vitro culture (cell-free as well as macrophage) system and mouse footpad. no additive effects were obtained in the in vitro system when dapsone was combined with either rifampicin or clofazimine, while a strong antagonism was observed when clofazimine was combined with rifampicin but not with rifabutin. in the mouse footpad system, a strong synergism was obtained when clofazimine was combined with ... | 1991 | 1664440 |
| the activity of rifabutin against mycobacterium leprae. | minimal effective doses of rifabutin and rifampicin were determined in mycobacterium leprae isolated from skin biopsies of newly diagnosed, previously untreated lepromatous leprosy patients. rifabutin was more potent than rifampicin. our previous report that rifabutin was fully active against rifampicin-resistant m. leprae could not be confirmed. examination of two strains of rifampicin-resistant m. leprae from elsewhere, and a repeat experiment on our original strain of rifampicin-resistant bac ... | 1991 | 1665534 |
| anti-mycobacterium leprae activity of several quinolones studied in the mouse. | the anti-mycobacterium leprae activity of several fluoroquinolones (a-56619, a-56620, ofloxacin, fleroxacin, lomefloxacin, temafloxacin, tosufloxacin, and pd-117596) was studied in the mouse. in a dosage of 150 mg/kg administered daily, a-56619 is active and a-56620 is inactive against m. leprae. ofloxacin administered daily for 2 weeks at 300 mg/kg is bactericidal. the minimal effective dose of pd-117596, lomefloxacin and temafloxacin is less than 37.5 mg/kg. when administered at 300 mg/kg at m ... | 1991 | 1666402 |
| unique metabolic properties of mycobacterium leprae. | my first contact with dr. dharmendra was through correspondence. while working for ph.d., i wrote to him that a section in his book "notes on leprosy" was ambiguous. instead of ignoring the letter, he replied, agreeing to clarify it in the revised edition. i went to work at carville at the invitation of dr. kirchheimer, who had seen my ph.d. thesis. dr. dharmendra visited carville to receive the damien-dutton award and stayed there for a few days. carville is an isolated place with no public tra ... | 1991 | 1666638 |
| flow cytometric analysis of cd2 modulation on human peripheral blood t lymphocytes by dharmendra preparation of mycobacterium leprae. | it has been reported previously that mycobacterium leprae modulated cd2 on human peripheral blood t lymphocytes and that this modulation was accompanied by a marked reduction in the proliferative response of these cells to mitogens and antigens. in this study, we report that treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy individuals with dharmendra preparation of m. leprae inhibited their ability to form rosettes with sheep red blood cells. flow cytometric analysis of dharmendra le ... | 1991 | 1673263 |
| risk factors for type-1 reactions in borderline leprosy patients. | type-1 or reversal reactions are the major cause of nerve damage and disability in leprosy. we wished to determine whether there were any clinical or laboratory markers that identified patients with an increased risk of type-1 reaction. 42 (31%) of 136 nepalese borderline leprosy patients (97 male, 39 female; age range 7-73 years) had a type-1 reaction during the first 2 years of multi-drug therapy. before therapy, 41 (98%) of the 42 patients were seropositive for antibodies to one of three myco ... | 1991 | 1679473 |
| phagocytosis of mycobacterium leprae by human monocyte-derived macrophages is mediated by complement receptors cr1 (cd35), cr3 (cd11b/cd18), and cr4 (cd11c/cd18) and ifn-gamma activation inhibits complement receptor function and phagocytosis of this bacterium. | we have examined phagocytosis of mycobacterium leprae by human monocyte-derived macrophages (mdm). compared with monocytes, mdm exhibit greatly enhanced adherence of m. leprae (6.5 +/- 2-fold increase). mdm adherence of m. leprae is serum dependent and requires heat-labile serum components because heat inactivation of serum reduces adherence by 70 +/- 3%. mab against c receptors cr1 (cd35), cr3 (cd11b/cd18), and cr4 (cd11c/cd18) inhibit phagocytosis of m. leprae in fresh nonimmune serum. single ... | 1991 | 1679838 |
| possible transmission of mycobacterium leprae in a group of uk leprosy contacts. | a case of infectious leprosy in residential accommodation in the uk prompted a study of the cellular and humoral response to mycobacterium leprae in two groups of individuals who were in contact with the index case for almost a year. in the younger staff group (mean age 44 years) 23 of 30 individuals had positive mitsuda skin tests, 25 showed lymphocyte transformation to a soluble sonciate of m leprae and 2 had slightly raised igm antibody concentrations to the terminal disaccharide of m leprae ... | 1991 | 1679878 |
| screening gene expression libraries for epitopes recognized in mycobacterium leprae by mouse t cells. | parasite expression libraries have so far been screened with antibodies, dna probes or t cell clones. immunity to many parasites, such as mycobacterium leprae, is largely mediated by t cells, and so the screening of such libraries for t cell epitopes is an important step toward the development of effective vaccines and diagnostic reagents. a new method for screening of lambda gt11 libraries with uncloned t cell populations is presented here, which takes advantage of the fact that the recombinant ... | 1991 | 1680705 |
| towards the integration of foreign dna into the chromosome of mycobacterium leprae. | integrative plasmid vectors based on the psam2 system of streptomyces ambofaciens offer great potential for the genetic analysis of mycobacterium leprae. to assess this, the chromosomal attachment site of m. leprae, att-psam2, has been cloned, mapped and characterized. nucleotide sequence analysis shows att-psam2 to correspond to a putative trna(pro) gene identical in sequence to those of s. ambofaciens and m. tuberculosis. in addition, it is shown that the genes encoding aspartate semialdehyde ... | 1991 | 1683711 |
| development of monoclonal antibodies reacting against mycobacterial 65 kda heat shock protein by using recombinant truncated products. | a mycobacterial 65 kda molecule is a member of the groel heat shock protein family. we developed mabs reacting against recombinant 65 kda protein by using a gene (ptb12) which encodes this protein. three mabs (b20, b97 and b167) reacted selectively with 65 kda proteins of mycobacterium tuberculosis, bcg and mycobacterium leprae, although b20 and b167 may weakly react with a 15 kda molecule of mammalian cells. one (b108) was obviously cross-reactive between mycobacterial 65 kda and the mammalian ... | 1991 | 1685553 |
| leprosy and aids: a review of the literature and speculations on the impact of cd4+ lymphocyte depletion on immunity to mycobacterium leprae. | the potent effects of hiv infection on the human immune system, the complexity of the host-parasite interaction in leprosy, and the paucity of current information on the natural history of co-infected patients makes this area a fertile ground for clinical and immunologic investigation. several studies have now validated the prediction that there exists a large cohort of patients, particularly in africa, who are concurrently infected with hiv and m. leprae. sparse but tantalizing evidence suggest ... | 1991 | 1687045 |
| the diagnostic value of igm to natural trisaccharide phenylpropionyl bovine serum albumin in leprosy patients: a preliminary report from taiwan. | an evaluation was made of the serum anti-phenolic-glycolipid-i (pgl-i) igm levels of leprosy patients in the taiwan area by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with a specific synthetic pgl-i antigen and natural trisaccharide phenylpropionyl bovine serum albumin (nt-p-bsa). fifty-five blood samples were collected from 24 tuberculoid and 31 lepromatous leprosy patients and 21 healthy age- and sex-matched subjects. among these groups, lepromatous patients had the highest levels of igm and an ... | 1991 | 1687058 |
| recent trends in the epidemiology of tuberculosis and leprosy. | 1991 | 1687769 | |
| use of the sl-iv and the pgl-tb1 glycolipid antigens in elisa for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in aids patients. | at a predetermined specificity of 100.0%, the sensitivity of elisa using the pgl-tb1 and sl-iv antigens and igg assays was 35.0% for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in aids patients (44.1% when tuberculosis was diagnosed before aids, 21.7% when aids was diagnosed before tuberculosis). serial assays in sera collected from 11 aids patients before tuberculosis was diagnosed indicated that significant antibody titres were detected 10 months before the onset of clinical tuberculosis. consequently, it w ... | 1991 | 1741916 |
| limiting dilution analysis of proliferative t cell responses to mycobacterial 65-kda heat-shock protein fails to show significant frequency differences between synovial fluid and peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. | recent evidence has pointed to the mycobacterial 65-kda heat-shock protein (hsp 65) as an antigen that may be important in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (ra). using limiting dilution analysis the frequency of purified protein derivative of tuberculin (ppd) and hsp 65-responsive t cells was measured in paired peripheral blood and synovial fluid samples of patients with ra. there was no increase in the anti-ppd or anti-hsp 65 frequency in synovial fluid compared with peripheral blood. i ... | 1991 | 1748147 |
| a fully modular vector system for the optimization of gene expression in escherichia coli. | the new expression vector system cytexp is designed to facilitate the optimization of both transcription and translation in escherichia coli, while at the same time allowing the exchange of its major components using unique restriction sites. in vitro mutagenesis can be performed in situ using single-stranded dna generated from the bacteriophage f1 ori sequence. the basic vector pcytexp1 bears a synthetic copy of the intercistronic sequence that enhances the translation of the e. coli atpe gene. ... | 1991 | 1749821 |
| the role of ril-2 in the modulation of cellular immunity in resistance to infection. | 1991 | 1757105 | |
| pre-emptive diagnosis of leprosy. | 1991 | 1757176 | |
| an immunogenetic view of delayed type hypersensitivity. | this review, the third in the series on cellular immune reactivity to tubercle bacilli in the centenary year of koch's classical paper describing this phenomenon and its possible implications, represents an immunogenetic point of view. in fact this will be quite a broad point of view by an immunogeneticist who is not hampered by specific knowledge on therapy or prevention of tuberculosis. in this respect i probably do not differ very much from robert koch 100 years ago! an important difference, ... | 1991 | 1771675 |
| mechanisms of immunosuppression. | immunosuppresive disease is a major economic concern in domestic poultry production. although many immunosuppressive agents have been described, mechanisms of how infectious and noninfectious agents compromise the immune system are poorly understood in avian species. two categories, generalized and antigen-specific immunosuppression have been described in mammals. generalized immunosuppression produces overall reduced responsiveness and increased susceptibility to a wide variety of infectious an ... | 1991 | 1781154 |
| in vitro effect of interleukin-2 on proliferative responses of peripheral blood t cells from leprosy patients. | because of the important role played by interleukin-2(il-2) in t cell growth and differentiation, we investigated the effect of exogenous il-2 on the proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(pbmcs) from 77 leprosy patients. the proliferative responses of pbmcs from lepromatous leprosy(ll) or borderline lepromatous leprosy(bl) patients to m. leprae were significantly lower(cpm 6,051 +/- 803 for ll type; 4,951 +/- 2,529 for bl type) than those from tuberculoid leprosy(tt) or bo ... | 1991 | 1781183 |
| the utility of animal models for selection of a candidate vaccine for leprosy. | 1991 | 1783785 | |
| an attempt to produce experimental tuberculoid leprosy in the nine-banded armadillo. | in an attempt to produce experimental tuberculoid leprosy, three nine-banded armadillos, two with borderline tuberculoid lepromin reaction, and one with tuberculoid lepromin reaction, were chosen. they were injected subcutaneously in a four square centimetre area in the abdominal skin with saline suspension of 6.5 x 10(7) m. leprae. induration of skin at the injected site appeared in 24 hours and persisted for 6 months in one and for 18 months in the other two animals. histopathological examinat ... | 1991 | 1783786 |
| skin smear examination in paucibacillary leprosy patients. | 1991 | 1783789 | |
| comparison of polymerase chain reaction technique with other methods for detection of mycobacterium leprae in tissues of wild nine-banded armadillos. | thirty, nine-banded armadillos weighing between 3 and 5 kilograms trapped from an area endemic for armadillo leprosy were collected at random; killed, autopsied and examined histopathologically. also, one of the right inguinal lymph nodes was removed under sterile precautions and examined using pcr, direct smear examination, mouse footpad study, culture in laboratory media and histopathology with a view to detecting mycobacterium leprae. blood was collected at death and tested for igm antibodies ... | 1991 | 1784151 |
| lipid-laden macrophages in bone marrow of leprosy patients. | while conducting a study to observe bone marrow cytomorphological changes in multibacillary leprosy, lipid laden macrophages as seen in sphingolipidoses were noted. the present study was planned to observe the occurrence and morphological characterization of these macrophages in various types of leprosy. bone marrow records from 48 cases of paucibacillary and 72 cases of multibacillary leprosy were analysed. the macrophages accounting at the most for 3.5% of marrow cells were observed in 5 cases ... | 1991 | 1784152 |
| factors influencing the in vitro growth of mycobacterium leprae: effect of oxygen. | in our efforts to evaluate factors responsible for in vitro growth of mycobacterium leprae in dh medium and also to improve the system, effects of oxygen tension on in vitro growth of m. leprae were determined. this was achieved by varying the ratio between dh medium and free air space above the medium in the culture tubes. growth-competent m. phlei (atcc 11758) could tolerate all the oxygen it can get in the medium. on the other hand, m. leprae seemed to be of microaerophilic nature. in vivo-gr ... | 1991 | 1784254 |
| [use of tuftsin in experimental leprosy]. | the effect of tuftsin was studied in vivo using cba mice infected with m. leprae by shepard's technique and in vitro using macrophage-like cell line p. 388 (co-cultivated with m. leprae) and the cultivated leproma tissue. it was found out that tuftsin acted as a stimulator of m. leprae multiplication in foot-pads of mice and as a prolongator of m. leprae survival in the cells of macrophage-like cell line p .388. it is concluded that using tuftsin might be useful in view of studying different asp ... | 1991 | 1786385 |
| squamous-cell carcinoma arising in solar keratosis of a leprosy patient: relationship with positive skin smear examination. | a 70-year-old japanese female with lepromatous leprosy developed squamous-cell carcinoma within a long standing area showing solar keratoses on her head. alopecia had been present at least for the preceding 34 years on her forehead and frontal area of the head, and solar keratoses had existed at least for the previous 9 years. skin smear examination for acid-fast bacilli which had continually been negative for the previous 2 years (during which 8 examinations were done) became positive. we assum ... | 1991 | 1787225 |
| evaluation of gelatin particle agglutination assay for the detection of anti-pgli antibodies. comparison with elisa method and applicability on a large scale study using blood collected on filter paper. | given the technical difficulties of the elisa method, a gelatin particle agglutination test (mlpa) has been developed recently for the detection of anti-pgli antibodies. the purpose of this study was to compare these 2 tests. mlpa was found to be less specific than elisa (91% versus 98%, chi 2 = 66.8, p less than 0.001). the sensitivity of both tests was of 95% for the diagnosis of multibacillary patients. in the case of paucibacillary patients. mlpa was found to be less sensitive than elisa (21 ... | 1991 | 1795583 |
| does convit vaccine (bcg + mycobacterium leprae) afford protection against biochemical changes in renal brush border membrane in experimental leprosy? | renal functional status in mycobacterium leprae infected mice can be best studied by examining the enzymatic status of brush border membrane vesicles from proximal convoluted tubule. the role of vaccination in modulation of the renal status brought by the disease has been studied using this technique. the characteristic marker enzymes of renal brush border membrane--namely alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) in ... | 1991 | 1795585 |
| the susceptibility testing of 13 strains of mycobacterium leprae to rifampicin and the determination of minimal effective dosage. | by use of the mouse footpad technique, the susceptibility testing of 13 strains of mycobacterium leprae to rifampicin (rfp) and the determination of minimal effective dosage (med) were carried out. among these strains of m. leprae, 8 were obtained from previously untreated multibacillary leprosy patients and 5 from relapsed leprosy patients without using rfp previously. the results showed that the med of all strains to rfp were less than or equal to 0.001% frp in the diet, 5 strains being equal ... | 1991 | 1795586 |
| immunological upgrading with combined immunotherapy and chemotherapy in a lepromatous leprosy patient: a case report. | immunotherapy with mycobacterium w was given, in addition to standard multidrug therapy (mdt) to a lepromatous leprosy (ll) patient with a bacteriological index (bi) of 6. after 15 months of treatment this patient attained bacteriological negativity and clinical inactivity. histopathologically the patient upgraded to borderline-tuberculoid at 12 months, and at 15 months showed features of nonspecific infiltration in the dermis. the rapid immunological upgrading seen in the patient is highlighted ... | 1991 | 1795588 |
| is bacteriological examination by skin smear necessary in all paucibacillary leprosy patients in mass control programmes? | skin smear bacteriological examination results of 11,255 paucibacillary leprosy patients from 8 leprosy control units under the national leprosy eradication programme (nlep) in south india and the outpatient department (opd) of the central leprosy teaching & research institute (clt&ri), chengalpattu, between 1987 and 1989 were collected and analysed. only 0.05% of the smears from leprosy control units and 2.49% from the opd of clt&ri were found to be positive. not a single smear from indetermina ... | 1991 | 1795589 |
| reply: recommending drug regimens to smear negative mb cases after prolonged dapsone monotherapy. | 1991 | 1795596 | |
| use of the anti-pgl-i antibody elisa and the mitsuda reaction in early diagnosis of leprosy. | cutaneous reaction to the mitsuda antigen and anti-pgl-i igm antibodies (elisa) were determined in 134 leprosy patients, 290 household contacts, 52 healthy controls and 43 tuberculous individuals. the multibacillary patients did not develop cell-mediated immunity (cmi), although they presented high levels of igm (absorbance at 492 nm greater than 0.5). the paucibacillary patients presented cmi, although in varying degrees, and igm levels did not exceed 0.5 absorbance units. most of the contacts ... | 1991 | 1797269 |
| impairment of fingertip vasomotor reflexes in leprosy patients and apparently healthy contacts. | fingertip blood-flow velocity and its control by vasomotor reflexes were studied in leprosy patients and in healthy controls with a laser doppler flowmeter. in newly registered patients, the flow was significantly lower than in the healthy controls, and even lower values were recorded in the long-standing patients with lower limb ulcers and/or deformity. the newly registered patients showed substantially impaired vasomotor reflex responses in the fingertips to cold challenge of the opposite hand ... | 1991 | 1802936 |
| intrabacterial sodium-to-potassium ratios and atp contents of mycobacterium leprae from ofloxacin-treated patients. | in a clinical trial including 17 multibacillary leprosy patients the in vivo effectiveness of ofloxacin on mycobacterium leprae was tested via mass spectrometric determination of intrabacterial ratios of the concentrations of the sodium and potassium ions of individual organisms and of the atp content per 10(6) bacteria isolated from skin biopsies. after 3 months of treatment, the in vivo drug effect could be determined with at least one of the two methods in 14 cases. both methods revealed that ... | 1991 | 1802937 |
| m. leprae- and bcg-induced chemiluminescence response of monocytes from leprosy patients and healthy subjects: effects of gamma-interferon and gm-csf. | mycobacterium leprae, in contrast to bcg, failed to trigger any chemiluminescence (cl) response in mononuclear cells from either leprosy patients or healthy subjects, a deficit not reversed by either interferon-gamma or gm-csf. chemiluminescence responses induced without mycobacteria or with bcg were found to be lower in leprosy patients than in controls. m. leprae were also less well phagocytosed than bcg. however, there was a significant difference in phagocytosis between healthy and tuberculo ... | 1991 | 1802941 |
| effects of cyclosporin a on bacterial growth and immunological responsiveness in balb/c mice infected with mycobacterium leprae. | when balb/c mice were infected with mycobacterium leprae and orally treated 6 times weekly with a dose of 8 mg/kg cyclosporin a (csa) for 19 months, the number of organisms was slightly higher at 19 months as compared with mice in which the dose of csa was gradually decreased after 6 months and discontinued at the 8th month (p less than 0.01 for the 15th and 19th months). lymphocyte blast transformation (lbt) showed that spleen cells from csa-treated mice 4 weeks after infection with m. leprae a ... | 1991 | 1802942 |
| experimental borderline lepromatous leprosy with intraneural erythema nodosum leprosum in a mangabey monkey (cercocebus atys). | a sooty mangabey monkey (cercocebus atys) was inoculated with mycobacterium leprae and developed borderline lepromatous leprosy and intraneural erythema nodosum leprosum. previously studied mangabeys have developed only disseminated lepromatous leprosy without reactions. this case broadens the spectrum of leprosy seen in experimentally inoculated animals and further characterizes the nonhuman primate model of leprosy. | 1991 | 1802944 |
| mycobacterium leprae and the bacteriology of leprosy. | 1991 | 1804885 | |
| vaccines against leprosy. | 1991 | 1804888 | |
| chemotherapy of leprosy in multibacillary nude mice. | 1991 | 1804889 | |
| delipidified cell components of mycobacterium leprae and its applications. | delipidified cell components (dcc) of mycobacterium leprae obtained as an insoluble material consist of several proteins. this preparation, dcc, has ability to differentially bind to sera from lepromatous leprosy patients and antibodies to this complex get reduced as patients improve under chemotherapy. the antigenic complex has no ability to bind to proteins of sera from normal healthy individuals or tuberculoid leprosy patients. the dcc is antigenic and is recognised by immune deficient cells ... | 1991 | 1804891 |
| histological monitoring of vaccine trials. | 1991 | 1804892 | |
| molecular basis of nerve damage in leprosy: current concept. | 1991 | 1804893 | |
| problems of multidrug therapy. | 1991 | 1804896 | |
| evolution and contribution of animal models in leprosy. | 1991 | 1804897 | |
| studies on lepromin and soluble antigens of m.leprae: their classification standardization and use. | before the discovery of armadillo as a susceptible animal the source of m.leprae was limited and hence the use of lepromin was not common in the field. in recent times, the soluble antigens of armadillo-derived m.leprae have been used extensively in the field. although the results of the study show that these antigens do not differentiate always a susceptible form from the resistant form, they are able to segregate the polar forms of leprosy. in a given field situation the criteria for diagnosis ... | 1991 | 1804898 |
| heat-shock proteins and leprosy. | 1991 | 1804899 | |
| indian experiences with armadillos. | 1991 | 1804900 | |
| survival of mycobacterium leprae in mononuclear phagocytes: a possible role of complement system. | mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, is an obligate intracellular pathogen that is ingested primarily by the host mononuclear cells. upon ingestion, it is able to reside and multiply within these microbicidal cells. the reason for survival of these organisms in such cells is supposed to be their failure in induction of oxidation burst. in the present communication, we have proposed that most probably complement mediated entry of m. leprae into the monocytes does not result in in ... | 1991 | 1805492 |
| a method for the detection of m. leprae antigens in urine of leprosy patients by gel diffusion and gel electrophoretic techniques and significance in diagnosis. | a simple and novel method has been developed for the first time to detect m. leprae antigens in the urine of leprosy patients by treating the urine samples with sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds). the antigens thus released can be demonstrated by simpler techniques like gel diffusion. by this method about 86% antigen positivity is observed in the urine of tt/bt and 83% positivity in bb patients. in bl/ll patients the antigen positivity is observed in 87% of the subjects. the high rate of m. leprae an ... | 1991 | 1805496 |
| studies of human leprosy lesions in situ using suction-induced blisters: cell changes with igm antibody to pgl-1 and interleukin-2 receptor in clinical subgroups of erythema nodosum leprosum. | to examine the immunopathogenesis of type 2 erythema nodosum leprosum (enl) reactions in leprosy, we studied cellular and soluble immunologic components of skin lesions in 57 patients with reactions (19 acute enl and 38 chronic enl), 61 active patients without reactions, and 33 control patients whose leprosy had been treated and cured. cells, igm antibody to pgl-1 and tac peptide levels were obtained from fluid aspirated from blisters induced by suction directly over representative skin lesions. ... | 1991 | 1807258 |
| the dot-elisa test for the detection of anti-pgl-1 igm in leprosy patients and their contacts. | 1. since dot-elisa has recently been reported to be a sensitive, simple and fast method, we have compared it with the conventional microplate elisa method. sera of 124 leprosy patients, 136 household and professional contacts, and 92 controls were tested for antibodies against a mycobacterium leprae antigen using dot-elisa on nitrocellulose membrane filters and microplate elisa. 2. the sensitivity of the two techniques was similar for multibacillary patients, but dot-elisa was less sensitive for ... | 1991 | 1823258 |
| use of cycloheximide on intracellular growth of mycobacterium leprae in cultured murine macrophages. | mycobacterium leprae is an obligate intracellular parasite and grows within mononuclear phagocytes. when murine macrophages derived from the peritoneal cavities of cba mice were infected in vitro with m. leprae (thai-53 strain), intracellular multiplication was observed three weeks after infection. on the other hand, there was no increase in the number of heat-killed m. leprae at the same times after infection. morphological studies showed that the growth rate of the bacteria increased by about ... | 1991 | 1823920 |
| intracellular fate of mycobacterium leprae in cultured murine macrophages in 24-well trays. | mycobacterium leprae is an obligate intracellular parasite which grows within mononuclear phagocytes. in clinical cases, m. leprae reaches enormous numbers in the macrophage-rich granulomas of leprosy. peritoneal macrophages from cba mice were cultured in waymouth medium containing fresh horse serum in costar 3424 trays (24 wells, 16 mm in diameter) each containing 9 x 12 mm cover slips. this medium was supplemented with 0.5 micrograms/ml of cycloheximide. these cells were infected with m. lepra ... | 1991 | 1823921 |
| immuno-epidemiological studies on subclinical infection in leprosy. iii. yearly observations and follow-up studies of schoolchildren by using fla-abs and lepromin tests. | the schoolchildren in three regions of miyako islands, okinawa prefecture, were surveyed annually, from 1978 to 1984, by using the fluorescent leprosy antibody absorption (fla-abs) test and the lepromin reaction with the dharmendra's antigen, for detecting the individuals at high risk of leprosy and for evaluating predictive value of these immunological tests. constant potency of these tests was confirmed by the percentage of positive reactions among the children in the first grade of elementary ... | 1991 | 1824097 |
| immunological suppression by human cd8+ t cells is receptor dependent and hla-dq restricted. | mechanisms of specific immunologic unresponsiveness or tolerance and their regulation by the major histocompatibility complex remain central issues in immunology. recent findings that potentially reactive anti-self t cells are not completely clonally deleted in the thymus and that specific immunological unresponsiveness can be acquired in certain infectious diseases, such as leprosy, suggest that peripheral unresponsiveness can be developed and maintained in adults. human antigen-specific t supp ... | 1991 | 1826057 |
| effectiveness of clarithromycin and minocycline alone and in combination against experimental mycobacterium leprae infection in mice. | as determined by the proportional bactericide method, clarithromycin had strong bactericidal activity against mycobacterium leprae. clarithromycin was administered to mice by gavage as 20 daily doses at dosages of 12.5 to 50 mg/kg of body weight. at a dosage of 25 mg/kg, minocycline was more active than clarithromycin at a dosage of 50 mg/kg. additive effects were displayed with the combination of clarithromycin (50 mg/kg) and minocycline (25 mg/kg), both of which were administered daily by gava ... | 1991 | 1828136 |
| selection of a human t helper type 1-like t cell subset by mycobacteria. | mycobacteria elicit a cellular immune response in their hosts. this response usually leads to protective immunity, but may sometimes be accompanied by immunopathology due to delayed type hypersensitivity (dth). a striking example in man is tuberculoid leprosy, which is characterized by high cellular immunity to mycobacterium leprae and immunopathology due to dth. skin lesions of patients suffering from this disease have the characteristics of dth reactions in which macrophages and cd4+ t lymphoc ... | 1991 | 1831489 |
| gamma delta t cells in leprosy lesions. | 1991 | 1833144 | |
| active transport of atp and presence of a vanadate-sensitive membrane-bound atpase in mycobacterium leprae. | it is not known how mycobacterium leprae obtains energy for survival and growth in the host tissues; the organism does not grow in vitro. in the studies reported here, m. leprae incorporated labelled atp, which was blocked by cyanide, unlabelled atp or adp, but not by adenosine or pi. it seems that the organism takes up unhydrolysed atp by an active transport process. the bacterium contained a membrane-bound, vanadate-sensitive e1 e2-atpase (which creates a transmembrane potential driving transp ... | 1991 | 1833612 |
| characterization of the functional properties of the 70-kda protein of mycobacterium bovis. | a number of mycobacterial proteins have been shown to induce strong humoral and cellular immune responses, including the 70-kda antigen (p70) of mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium bovis. on the basis of sequence homology and an atp binding ability, p70 has previously been tentatively allocated to the 70-kda family of heat shock proteins (hsp70). we have purified the m. bovis p70 antigen and described atpase and ca(2+)-dependent autophosphorylating activities. these co-purified with p70 on ge ... | 1991 | 1834649 |
| identification of mycobacterium leprae antigens from a cosmid library: characterization of a 15-kilodalton antigen that is recognized by both the humoral and cellular immune systems in leprosy patients. | screening of the mycobacterium leprae cosmid library with pooled sera from lepromatous leprosy (ll) patients by a colony immunoblot technique resulted in the identification of about 100 colonies that produced immunologically reactive proteins. twenty-four of these clones were purified, analyzed, and found to comprise two groups according to the reactivity of the recombinant proteins with ll sera and to the dna restriction patterns of the recombinant plasmids and cosmids. proteins specified by cl ... | 1991 | 1840579 |
| anti-leprosy vaccines: current status and future prospects. | different types of leprosy vaccines are currently used in field trials in india. the rationale behind their use, the parameters for determining their efficacy, their merits and demerits are discussed and the future prospects are highlighted. | 1991 | 1841967 |
| does the difference of the properties of trisaccharide-bsa conjugate (nt-p-bsa) of mycobacterium leprae phenolic glycolipid influence on its seroreactivity? | the sugar content of the trisaccharide-bsa conjugate of the phenolic glycolip i of mycobacterium leprae (nt-p-bsa) increased with the increase of the molar ratio of the trisaccharide to bsa used in the coupling reaction. the difference of the sugar content in nt-p-bsa did not give the influence on the seroreactivity and specificity in elisa for both igm and igg class antibodies. during the course of the coupling reaction, about half amount of bsa was converted to dimeric form. however, there wer ... | 1991 | 1843226 |
| susceptibility of severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice to mycobacterium leprae: multiplication of the bacillus and dissemination of the infection at early stage. | inoculation of m. leprae were made into the both hind feet at a dose of 4.8 x 10(6) bacilli per foot in order to determine the susceptibility to m. leprae of scid mice which is severely deficient in both t- and b cell immunity. scid mice was found to have an extremely high susceptibility to m. leprae, and the progress of infection observed in the scid mice were shown a rapid systemic spread of infection at the all over the tissues as well as the growth of the leprosy bacilli at the site of inocu ... | 1991 | 1843227 |
| [ultramicro-elisa for the detection of igm antibodies anti m. leprae]. | the availability of an ultramicroanalytic system (suma) and species-specific antigen of m. leprae obtained by chemical synthesis, have made possible the standardization and validation of an ultramicroelisa assay for detecting specific human igm antibodies to this mycobacterium. the specificity of this test to demonstrate the infection with m. leprae was corroborated through a screening of 433 blood bank serum samples and other 265 from different groups (100, control group, 50 tuberculosis patien ... | 1991 | 1844980 |
| lipoarabinomannan, a possible virulence factor involved in persistence of mycobacterium tuberculosis within macrophages. | mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae, the causative agents of tuberculosis and leprosy, respectively, produce large quantities of lipoarabinomannan (lam), a highly immunogenic, cell wall-associated glycolipid. this molecule has been previously reported to be a potent inhibitor of gamma interferon-mediated activation of murine macrophages. studies of the mechanism by which this mycobacterial glycolipid down-regulates macrophage effector functions provide evidence that lam acts at s ... | 1991 | 1850379 |
| effect of glucocorticoids and interferon-gamma on the oxidative responses of monocytes from leprosy patients and normal donors. | leprosy patients suffering from erythema nodosum leprosum are frequently treated with glucocorticosteroids. the role glucocorticosteroids and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) play in regulating the interaction of phagocytic cells with mycobacterium leprae was examined. monocytes from leprosy patients receiving prednisone therapy responded to lower concentrations of ifn-gamma in vitro with enhanced superoxide anion release when challenged with m. leprae or m. bovis bcg than did monocytes from healthy ... | 1991 | 1851508 |
| effect of low-level and intermittent minocycline therapy on the growth of mycobacterium leprae in mice. | we evaluated the minimal concentrations of minocycline in the diet and in serum required to inhibit the growth of seven mycobacterium leprae isolates in mice. minocycline concentrations of 0.01 and 0.04% in the diet, which resulted in levels in serum of less than or equal to 0.17 and 0.51 microgram/ml, respectively, were consistently and completely inhibitory. even 0.004% dietary minocycline (levels in serum, less than or equal to 0.08 microgram/ml) partially inhibited five of these strains, whi ... | 1991 | 1854182 |
| phospholipase activity of mycobacterium leprae harvested from experimentally infected armadillo tissue. | three types of phospholipase activity--phospholipase a1, a2, and lysophospholipase--were detected in mycobacterium leprae harvested from armadillo tissue at about 25% of the specific activity found in a slowly growing mycobacterium, mycobacterium microti, which was grown in medium to optimize its phospholipase activity. the highest activity found was lysophospholipase, which released fatty acid from 2-lyso-phosphatidylcholine. phospholipase activity was detected by using phosphatidylcholine and ... | 1991 | 1855994 |
| fatty acid oxidation and the beta-oxidation complex in mycobacterium leprae and two axenically cultivable mycobacteria that are pathogens. | intact, non-growing mycobacterium leprae, m. avium and m. microti oxidized a wide range of 1-14c-labelled fatty acids (c8 to c24) to 14co2. laurate (c12) was oxidized most rapidly, and its oxidation by m. leprae was inhibited by the antileprosy agents dapsone, clofazamine and rifampicin. key enzymes of beta-oxidation were detected in extracts from all three mycobacteria. all these activities (both in intact mycobacteria and the enzymes) were stimulated in m. avium grown in dubos medium plus palm ... | 1991 | 1856682 |
| the response to chemotherapy of serum mycobacterium leprae-specific antigen in multibacillary leprosy patients. | we have examined the mycobacterium leprae phenolic glycolipid-i (pg-i) antigen levels in the sera of 45 multibacillary leprosy patients commencing chemotherapy. the pg-i antigen levels correlated with the bacterial and morphological indices, but not with the serum igm anti-pg-i antibody levels. antigen levels were significantly higher in patients with diffuse skin infiltration, but did not vary significantly with other parameters reflecting the duration and extent of untreated disease. the pg-i ... | 1991 | 1858971 |
| natural killer cell clones can efficiently process and present protein antigens. | nk cell clones obtained from three different donors were tested for their ability to present soluble proteins to ag-specific t cell clones. all nk clones were cd2+cd3-cd56+, whereas the expression of cd16 varied from clone to clone. the nk cell clones were able to process and present tetanus toxoid (tt) to tt-specific t cell clones in a class ii hla restricted manner. the capacity of nk cell clones to function as apc was also observed using the house dust mite allergen der p i and the der p i-de ... | 1991 | 1861074 |
| newly documented antimicrobial activity of quinolones. | the improved antimicrobial activity of newer fluoroquinolones and novel applications recently found for the drugs already marketed are reviewed. several new compounds are more active against gram-positive bacteria than the presently marketed fluoroquinolones. win 57273, the most potent compound in vitro on a weight basis, is 16 to 128 times more active than ciprofloxacin against various staphylococci, streptococci, enterococcus spp., corynebacterium spp., listeria monocytogenes and bacillus spp. ... | 1991 | 1864284 |
| observations on the kveim reaction using an animal model of granulomatous bowel disease. | striking differences were observed between the visceral and cutaneous responses after tests with validated kveim and normal spleen suspensions in a guinea pig model of granulomatous bowel disease. five of six animals sensitised with bcg showed positive responses at the ileal kveim test site whereas all six had negative cutaneous kveim tests. conversely, two of six animals sensitised with irradiated mycobacterium leprae showed positive cutaneous kveim tests and only one a positive response in the ... | 1991 | 1864534 |
| changes in hydrolytic enzyme activities in armadillos infected with mycobacterium leprae. | the activities of hydrolytic enzymes in various organs of armadillos infected with mycobacterium leprae were compared with those in normal armadillos. except for aspartate aminopeptidase and esterase, the levels of the other enzymes in liver, spleen and inguinal lymph nodes were significantly higher in armadillos infected with m. leprae compared with those in non-infected ones. these enzymes levels were at a maximum when the animals were sacrificed 22 to 30 months post-inoculation, a period when ... | 1991 | 1865831 |
| in vitro and in vivo effects of n-methyl-3,5-dichloro-benzylamine hydrochloride on mycobacterium leprae. | the antimicrobial effects of a new benzylamine, me-93 (n-methyl-3,5-dichloro-benzylamine hydrochloride), alone and in combination with dapsone and rifampicin, have been evaluated in vitro in cell-free culture system and in vivo in mouse foot pad system. even at 50 micrograms/ml, me-93 did not completely inhibit the in vitro growth of m. leprae, and the effects were bacteriostatic. however, there was a synergism when me-93 was combined with rifampicin, and the effects were bactericidal. similar f ... | 1991 | 1867663 |
| structural elucidation and antigenicity of a novel phenolic glycolipid antigen from mycobacterium haemophilum. | the structure of a novel antigenic glycolipid that distinguishes the opportunistic pathogen mycobacterium haemophilum from all other mycobacteria was established by a series of degradation reactions leading to products that were analyzed by gas/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. the complete structure of the oligosaccharide unit was determined as 2,3-di-o-ch3-alpha-l-rhap(1----2)3-o-ch3-alpha-l-rhap(1----4 )-2,3-di-o-ch3-alpha-l-rhap(1----. the lipid portion of the phenolic glycolipid was ... | 1991 | 1868054 |
| association of mycobacterial-specific and mycobacterium leprae specific antibody levels with clinical activity in tuberculoid leprosy: a comparative study of three serological enzyme-immunoassays. | the elisas for polyclonal antibodies against mycobacterium leprae (ml-elisa) and specific antibodies against epitopes on 35 kda protein (sact-elisa) and phenolic glycolipid i (pg-elisa) of m. leprae were evaluated comparatively in a group of 88 tuberculoid leprosy patients. the overall seropositivity rate with a battery of 3 tests (68%) was not significantly higher than that obtained with ml-elisa alone (55%) for igg class of antibodies. seropositivities for sact-elisa and pg-elisa were, respect ... | 1991 | 1870374 |