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glycosylphosphatidylinositol-alkaline phosphatase from calf intestine as substrate for glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipases--microassay using hydrophobic chromatography in pipet tips.an electrophoretically homogeneous glycosylphosphatidylinositol- alkaline phosphatase fraction from calf intestine, obtained by hydrophobic chromatography, was used as "enzyme-labeled" substrate for testing phospholipase activity. the reaction products were separated by (i) hydrophobic chromatography in pipet tips and (ii) triton x-114 phase partitioning. the chromatographic method presented permits high test frequencies, does not need temperature-controlled sample handling, and is only slightly ...19958678326
the role of sh and s-s groups in bacillus cereus beta-amylase.the properties of sulfhydryl (sh) and disulfide (s-s) groups in bacillus cereus bq10-s1 spo iii beta-amylase have been investigated to clarify their roles in the enzyme action. two out of three cysteine residues in b. cereus beta-amylase were found to form an s-s bond, which was found to be located between cys91 and cys99 by the analysis of an s-s containing peptide. the replacement of the soybean beta-amylase model around l3 loop 1 revealed that the s-s bond is located at the root of this flexi ...19958720125
microbiological investigation and nutritional evaluation of selected fast food meat.the study was designed into two parts: the first part was to determine individual attitudes and beliefs toward fast food in general. one hundred individuals (15-45 yrs old) were involved in this study (50 males and 50 females). the second part of the study was carried out to evaluate microbiological contamination and nutritive value of the selected fast food meat (hardee's fried burger, saudi-american burger, kentucky fried chicken, al-baik broast chicken and shawerma beef). the results indicate ...199517214203
specific antibody-mediated detection of brochothrix thermosphacta in situ in british fresh sausage.a rabbit polyclonal antibody-linked probe was developed which detected 76% of 800 food isolates of the spoilage bacterium brochothrix thermosphacta when cells were bound to nitrocellulose. in slide cross-reaction tests all six environmental isolates tested were stained but the type strain was not. the antibody did not cross-react with listeria grayi, l. monocytogenes, lactobacillus plantarum, lactococcus lactis, streptococcus mutans, bacillus cereus or b. subtilis. the antibody-linked probe dete ...19957538105
comparative analysis of the 16s to 23s ribosomal intergenic spacer sequences of bacillus thuringiensis strains and subspecies and of closely related species.bacillus thuringiensis spacer regions between the 16s and 23s rrnas were amplified with conserved primers, designated 19-mer and 23-mer primers. a spacer region of 144 bp was determined for all of 6 b. thuringiensis strains, 7 b. thuringiensis subspecies, and 11 b. thuringiensis field isolates, as well as for the closely related species bacillus cereus and bacillus anthracis. computer analysis and alignment of nucleotide sequences identified three mutations and one deletion in the intergenic spa ...19957538281
activity and stability of bacillus cereus penicillinase entrapped in aerosol ot reverse micelles.the kinetics of enzyme catalyzed hydrolysis of penicillin g and stability of the enzyme alpha-penicillinase, entrapped in aerosol ot reverse micellar droplets have been investigated spectrophotometrically. various physical parameters, such as, water pool size (related to wo), ph and temperature, were optimized for maximum activity of penicillinase in water/aerosol ot/isooctane reverse micelles. the enzyme showed maximum activity of wo - 14 and ph, 7.0. at any temperature the enzyme was to be mor ...19957543871
culture conditions that influence accumulation of zwittermicin a by bacillus cereus uw85.bacillus cereus strain uw85 produces an antibiotic, designated zwittermicin a, that is associated with the ability of uw85 to suppress damping-off disease of alfalfa (medicago sativa) caused by the oomycete pathogen, phytophthora medicaginis, in a laboratory bioassay. we have identified certain culture conditions that promote or suppress zwittermicin a accumulation by uw85. maximum accumulation was detected in supernatants of trypticase soy broth cultures after sporulation, which is when culture ...19957546606
prevalence of bacillus cereus in selected foods and detection of enterotoxin using tecra-via and bcet-rpla.enterotoxigenic bacillus cereus was detected in cooked foods (17), rice noodles (3), wet wheat noodles (2), dry wheat noodles (10), spices (8), grains (4), legumes (11) and legume products (3). one hundred ninety-four (42.3%), 70 (15.3%) and 23 (5.2%) of the 459 presumptive b. cereus colonies isolated from pemba agar were identified as b. cereus, bacillus thuringiensis and b. mycoides, respectively. b. cereus isolates were examined for growth temperature, ph profile and enterotoxin production us ...19957547144
biosynthesis and characterization of hydroxybutyrate-hydroxycaproate copolymers.most polyhydroxyalkanoates (phas) reported to date fall into one of two broad classes: either hydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate copolymers (typified by the pha produced by alcaligenes eutrophus), or hydroxyoctanoate-rich heteropolymers (typified by the pha produced by pseudomonas oleovorans). few reports of copolymers rich in hydroxybutyrate (hb), but containing a minor proportion of a co-monomer with a higher carbon number than valerate, have appeared. here we report on the biosynthesis and chara ...19957547720
effects of three microbial probiotics on postprandial porto-arterial concentration differences of glucose, galactose and amino-nitrogen in the young pig.postprandial kinetics of porto-arterial concentration differences of glucose (g), galactose (gal), l-lactic acid (la) and amino-n (an) were studied in the piglet after the ingestion of 10(7) colony-forming units (cfu) sporolactobacillus p44 (sp), or 10(6) cfu bacillus cereus ip5832 (ac), or 10(6) cfu of a combination of lactobacillus acidophilus, l. fermentum and l. brevis (ab)/g feed. sixteen fistulated piglets (portal vein and brachiocephalic trunk; mean body weight 22 (sd 2) kg) were used. th ...19957547825
relation between micellar structure of model bile and activity of esterase.in a model bile solution composed of lecithin (l)-bile salt (b), the solubilization of lipid and the accessibility of enzyme to the lipid were examined by observation of epr spectra and measurement of enzyme activity. the lifetime of the spin probe in the micellar phase was estimated to be approx. 1 microsecond by means of line shape analysis. both population and lifetime increased with temperature and the molar ratio of lecithin to bile salt (l/b). the epr data indicated that simple micelle of ...19957548175
emesis of rhesus monkeys induced by intragastric administration with the hep-2 vacuolation factor (cereulide) produced by bacillus cereus.to study the correlation between emetic toxin and hep-2 vacuole activity produced by bacillus cereus isolated from an outbreak of vomiting-type food poisoning, some properties and emetic activities of both purified hep-2 factor (cereulide) and partially purified factor to rhesus monkeys were determined. the results indicate that both cereulide and partially purified factor were very stable to digestion with proteolytic enzymes, different ph, and heating. vomiting was induced in the rhesus monkey ...19957557302
[the microorganism count on impression materials following disinfection by dynamic plasma treatment].b. subtilis and b. cereus in concentrations under 10(5) mt, and of e. coli m-17 below 10(7) mt on different plaster materials die within fractures of a second after dynamic plasma processing at atmospheric pressure and at least one passing of the processed surface at a rate of 2.0 to 2.5 m/s at plasma flow power of 60 kw.19957570700
interactions of biapenem with active-site serine and metallo-beta-lactamases.biapenem, formerly ljc 10,627 or l-627, a carbapenem antibiotic, was studied in its interactions with 12 beta-lactamases belonging to the four molecular classes proposed by r. p. ambler (philos. trans. r. soc. lond. biol. sci. 289:321-331, 1980). kinetic parameters were determined. biapenem was readily inactivated by metallo-beta-lactamases but behaved as a transient inhibitor of the active-site serine enzymes tested, although with different acylation efficiency values. class a and class d beta- ...19957574520
antimicrobial activity of cefotaxime tested against infrequently isolated pathogenic species (unusual pathogens).the cefotaxime sodium spectrum of activity is very broad and includes many common species and a variety of less frequently isolated pathogens. we have reviewed the clinical microbiology literature (44 references) and the data base of the university of iowa hospitals and clinics (iowa city, ia) to collect data on the activity of cefotaxime against the less common species. cefotaxime was consistently active against actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, capnocytophaga spp., eikenella corrodens, ery ...19957587049
the 3-d structure of a zinc metallo-beta-lactamase from bacillus cereus reveals a new type of protein fold.the 3-d structure of bacillus cereus (569/h/9) beta-lactamase (ec 3.5.2.6), which catalyses the hydrolysis of nearly all beta-lactams, has been solved at 2.5 a resolution by the multiple isomorphous replacement method, with density modification and phase combination, from crystals of the native protein and of a specially designed mutant (t97c). the current model includes 212 of the 227 amino acid residues, the zinc ion and 10 water molecules. the protein is folded into a beta beta sandwich with ...19957588620
enterotoxic activity of hemolysin bl from bacillus cereus.bacillus cereus causes exotoxin-mediated diarrheal food poisoning. hemolysin bl (hbl) is a well-characterized b. cereus toxin composed of three components (b, l1, and l2) that together possess hemolytic, cytotoxic, dermonecrotic, and vascular permeability activities. here, we show that hbl causes fluid accumulation in ligated rabbit ileal loops at a dose of 5 micrograms of each component per loop. maximal fluid responses occurred for combinations of all three components at > or = 25 micrograms o ...19957591080
antimicrobial activities of indolocarbazole and bis-indole protein kinase c inhibitors. ii. substitution on maleimide nitrogen with functional groups bearing a labile hydrogen.new compounds, structurally related to the potent protein kinase c inhibitor staurosporine, and substituted on the imide nitrogen with a functional group bearing a labile hydrogen (hydroxymethyl, amino, hydroxy), were synthesized. their in vitro inhibitory potencies towards protein kinase c and protein kinase a showed that n-hydroxymethyl and n-hydroxy substitution, unlike alkyl substitution, can provide efficient protein kinase c inhibitors. the antimicrobial activities of these new compounds a ...19957592032
phospholipid degradation in hypoxic/reoxygenated cardiomyocytes in response to phospholipase c from bacillus cereus.in the present study, we investigated possible mechanisms behind exogenous phospholipase c-induced glycerol production in irreversibly damaged myocytes. rat ventricular myocytes were preincubated for 60 min in substrate-free krebs-henseleit bicarbonate buffer equilibrated with 95% n2-5% co2 (37 degrees c, ph = 7.4), resulting in exhaustion of cellular high energy phosphates and loss of rod-shaped morphology. at the end of the preincubation period, the incubation vials were divided into two group ...19957602607
synthesis and evaluation of a non-radioactive gene probe for the detection of c.perfringens alpha toxin.the synthesis and evaluation of a non-radioactive hybridization probe is described, specific detecting the clostridium perfringens alphatoxin gene (plc) by colony blot hybridization assay. a vector free digoxigenin-dutp-labelled probe was generated by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) targeting the cloned plc gene of c.perfringens strain atcc 13124. in a colony blot hybridization assay 296 strains of c.perfringens were tested for plc. none of the strains failed in hybridization. presence of plc wa ...19957603469
topological properties of two cubic phases of a phospholipid:cholesterol:diacylglycerol aqueous system and their possible implications in the phospholipase c-induced liposome fusion.water dispersions of phospholipid:cholesterol:diacylglycerol may, under certain conditions, originate either the lipid- and water-permeable q224 cubic phase, or the lipid-permeable but water-impermeable q227 cubic phase. these results are discussed within the framework of the phospholipase c-induced fusion of liposomes [nieva et al. (1993) biochemistry 32, 1054]. it is suggested that the cubic phases q224 and q227 represent two classes of lipid organization, one promoting, the other hindering th ...19957615069
an antibacterial vitamin e derivative from tovomitopsis psychotriifolia.the crude ethanol extract from the leaves of tovomitopsis psychotriifolia (clusiaceae) exhibits antibacterial activity against bacillus cereus, staphylococcus aureus, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. the biologically active agent in the extract has been isolated by chromatographic techniques and identified by nmr spectroscopy as trans-delta-tocotrienoloic acid.19957617773
denitration of glycerol trinitrate by resting cells and cell extracts of bacillus thuringiensis/cereus and enterobacter agglomerans.a number of microorganisms were selected from soil and sediment samples which were known to have been previously exposed to nitrate ester contaminants. the two most effective bacteria for transforming glycerol trinitrate (gtn) were identified as bacillus thuringiensis/cereus and enterobacter agglomerans. for both isolates, denitration activities were expressed constitutively and gtn was not required for induction. dialysis of cell extracts from both isolates did not affect denitration, which ind ...19957618866
screening and characterization of microorganisms with glutaryl-7adca acylase activity.a screening of microorganisms producing glutaryl-7adca acylase, an enzyme able to hydrolyse glutaric acid selectively from glutaryl-3-deacetoxy-7-aminocephalosporanic acid (glutaryl-7adca), has been carried out in soil samples. five microorganisms expressing acylase activity were isolated and classified as bacillus cereus, achromobacter xylosooxidans, bacillus sp., pseudomonas sp. and pseudomonas paucimobilis. the screening was carried out by preparing enrichment cultures containing glutaryl-7-a ...19957632401
mutation in aspartic acid residues modifies catalytic and haemolytic activities of bacillus cereus sphingomyelinase.four aspartic acid residues (asp126, asp156, asp233 and asp295) of bacillus cereus sphingomyelinase (smase) in the conservative regions were changed to glycine by in vitro mutagenesis, and the mutant smases [d126g (asp126-->gly etc.), d156g, d233g and d295g] were produced in bacillus brevis 47, a protein-producing strain. the sphingomyelin (sm)-hydrolysing activity of d295g was completely abolished and those of d126g and d156g were reduced by more than 80%, whereas that of d233g was not so profo ...19957639690
bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis isolated in a gastroenteritis outbreak investigation.during investigation of a gastroenteritis outbreak in a chronic care institution, norwalk virus was found in stool specimens from two individuals and bacterial isolates presumptively identified as bacillus cereus were isolated from four individuals (including one with norwalk virus) and spice. phage typing confirmed all bacillus clinical isolates were phage type 2. all clinical isolates were subsequently identified as b. thuringiensis when tested as a result of a related study (l. leroux, person ...19957639990
a survey of enteropathogens among united states military personnel during operation bright star '94, in cairo, egypt.acute gastroenteritis is a potential cause of substantial morbidity in u.s. military personnel during deployment. this study was conducted to evaluate enteric pathogens associated with diarrhea in a u.s. military population on deployment in cairo, egypt, during november 1993. enteric pathogens found to be associated with cases of diarrhea included: enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), 27% (22% heat-stable [st], 3% heat-labile [lt], and 2% st/lt producers); campylobacter spp., 3%; and salmone ...19957659237
fatal bacillus cereus meningoencephalitis in an adult with acute myelogenous leukemia.bacillus cereus, a ubiquitous, endospore-forming, aerobic gram-positive bacillus, is primarily associated with toxin-mediated food poisoning. frequently, isolates of bacillus species from clinical specimens are discussed as contaminants. we report a rapidly fatal case of disseminated infection due to b cereus in a patient receiving induction chemotherapy for m0 acute leukemia. a short clinical syndrome of nausea and vomiting preceded neurologic symptoms. autopsy showed extensive meningoencephali ...19957660218
crystal structure of the phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c from bacillus cereus in complex with myo-inositol.phosphatidylinositol (pi), once regarded as an obscure component of membranes, is now recognized as an important reservoir of second messenger precursors and as an anchor for membrane enzymes. pi-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) is the enzyme that cleaves pi, invoking numerous cellular responses. the crystal structure of pi-plc from bacillus cereus (ec 3.1.4.10) has been solved at 2.6 a resolution and refined to a crystallographic r factor of 18.7%. the structure consists of an imperfect (beta ...19957664726
genetic variability of bacillus anthracis and related species.we evaluated the abilities of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and sequences of intergenic spacer regions (isrs) between two highly conserved genes, 16s-23s rdna and gyrb-gyra isrs, to detect variation in strains of bacillus anthracis as well as two closely related species, b. cereus atcc 14579 and b. mycoides atcc 6462. for each restriction enzyme, (noti, sfii, and smai), the pfge banding patterns for three b. anthracis strains (ames, vollum, and sterne) were identical. however, closely ...19957665658
evidence for a bifurcation of the mitogenic signaling pathway activated by ras and phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase c.nih 3t3 cells stably transfected with the gene encoding phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase c (pc-plc) from bacillus cereus display a chronic elevation of intracellular diacylglycerol levels and a transformed phenotype. we have used such pc-plc-transformed cells to evaluate the roles of the cytoplasmic serine/threonine kinases raf-1, zeta protein kinase c (zeta pkc) and protein kinase a (pka) in oncogenesis and mitogenic signal transduction elicited by phosphatidylcholine hydrolysis. w ...19957673165
extracellular virulence factors in bacillus cereus endophthalmitis: methods and implication of involvement of hemolysin bl.bacillus cereus is a common cause of highly fulminant posttraumatic and metastatic endophthalmitis. exotoxins or enzymes likely contribute to the severity of the infection, but specific virulence factors have not been identified. we developed two methods for the identification of b. cereus ocular virulence factors. in an in vitro assay that allows screening of multiple samples, retinal toxicity was estimated by measuring the release of lactate dehydrogenase from retinal buttons treated with b. c ...19957822032
a bifunctional monocyclic beta-lactam cross-links across the active site of beta-lactamase.a 4-alkoxy-2-azetidinone behaves as a bifunctional active site-directed inhibitor of the class a beta-lactamase from bacillus cereus 569/h. it cross-links ser 70 and lys 234 as it binds in a approximately 1:1 ratio. the cross-linked enzyme is irreversibly inhibited while the secondary structure is partially stabilized under conditions when the native enzyme is otherwise converted to a form with no detectable secondary structure by circular dichroism.19957826374
transformation of microorganisms with the plasmid vector with the replicon from pac1 from acetobacter pasteurianus.a number of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria species was screened for the expression of the gram-negative plasmid pack5 and pact72 with replicon of pac1 plasmid from acetobacter pasteurianus. as was described previously, both plasmids were expressed in escherichia coli, acetobacter pasteurianus, acetobacter aceti, shigella spp. and citrobacter spp. expressions of plasmids were successful in twelve species tested, comamonas terrigena, salmonella typhimurium, serratia marcescens, bacillus ...19957832808
rho-adp-ribosylating exoenzyme from bacillus cereus. purification, characterization, and identification of the nad-binding site.the adp-ribosyltransferase produced by a pathogenic strain of bacillus cereus was purified to near homogeneity. the transferase is a 28,000 da molecular mass enzyme with a pi of 10.3. the specific enzyme activity is 7.0 nmol of adp-ribose min-1 mg-1 with a km for nad of 0.3 microm. partial amino acid sequence analysis of the exoenzyme reveals no significant homology to clostridium botulinum c3 nor to clostridium limosum exoenzyme. the novel exoenzyme selectively modifies the small gtp-binding pr ...19957819216
identification of dna-binding proteins changed after induction of sporulation in bacillus cereus.dna-binding proteins were extracted from both exponentially growing cells of bacillus cereus ts-4 and cells that were induced to sporulate at different stages of chromosome replication, by using a double-stranded b. cereus ts-4 dna-cellulose column. two-dimensional electrophoresis of the proteins found that the amounts of 17 proteins changed drastically after induction of sporulation at all the stages. for 8 of those proteins, the largest or the smallest amount was found in the cells which were ...19957766022
oleic acid transformations by selected strains of sphingobacterium thalpophilum and bacillus cereus from composted manure.in a survey of 186 randomly selected microbial strains isolated from composted manure, 63 transformed oleic acid into three types of products: hydroxy fatty acid, fatty amide, and less polar oleyl lipid. selection of oleic acid-transforming microorganisms was enhanced in nutrient agar supplemented with 0.1% (vol/vol) oleic acid at ph 7.2. most of the 63 diverse isolates elicited inconsistent and poorly reproduced transformations. however, strains 142b (nrrl b-14797) transformed oleic acid to 10- ...19957767231
the bcet gene of bacillus cereus encodes an enterotoxic protein.a toxin gene (bcet) on a 2.9 kb dna fragment of bacillus cereus b-4ac was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli, and its nucleotide sequence determined. the dna fragment contained an open reading frame capable of encoding a polypeptide of 336 amino acids with a molecular mass of 41039 da. the translated product in e. coli exhibited vero cell cytotoxicity, and was positive in a vascular permeability assay. it also caused fluid accumulation in a ligated mouse ileal loop and was lethal to mice u ...19957773399
a novel dodecadepsipeptide, cereulide, is an emetic toxin of bacillus cereus.a vacuole-formation substance, cereulide of bacillus cereus, is an emetic toxin in animals. both oral administration and intraperitoneal injection of cereulide caused dose-dependent emesis in suncus murinus, a new animal model of emesis. vagotomy or a 5-ht3 receptor antagonist completely abolished this emetic effect. therefore, cereulide causes emesis through the 5-ht3 receptor and stimulation of the vagus afferent. we also found that our purified cereulide caused swelling of mitochondria of hep ...19957781985
postmortem drug metabolism by bacteria.studies were undertaken to determine the possible role of enteric bacteria in the postmortem bioconversion of the nitrobenzodiazepines flunitrazepam, clonazepam, and nitrazepam. flunitrazepam, clonazepam, and nitrazepam were completely metabolized in blood in the presence of eight species of enteric bacteria to their respective 7-amino-metabolites. the rates of metabolism, at 37 degrees c, ranged from 0.1 ng/ml/min for streptococcus faecalis to 8.8 ng/ml/min for clostridium perfringens. the rate ...19957782744
analysis of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine in amniotic fluid by enzymatic hydrolysis and high-performance thin-layer chromatography reflectance spectrodensitometry.a novel test for the determination of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (dppc) in amniotic fluid (af) as free dipalmitoylglycerol (dpg), is described. aliquots of amniotic fluid were hydrolyzed with bacilus cereus phospholipase c, and the resulting diglycerides analyzed by agno3-modified high-performance thin-layer chromatography (hptlc)-reflectance spectrodensitometry. this hptlc system provided resolution of dpg and palmitoylpalmitoleoylglycerol (pog) from other 1,2-diglycerides and cholesterol. ...19957795804
antimicrobial mode of action of secretions from the metapleural gland of myrmecia gulosa (australian bull ant).secretions from exocrine metapleural glands of myrmecia gulosa (australian bull ant) exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. treatment of the yeast candida albicans with metapleural secretion resulted in the rapid and total leakage of k+ ions from cells within 10 min. ultrastructural analysis of the bacteria bacillus cereus, escherichia coli, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and cells and protoplasts of candida albicans demonstrated gross damage of the cell membrane and aggregation of the cyto ...19957720011
cephalosporin derivatives of doxorubicin as prodrugs for activation by monoclonal antibody-beta-lactamase conjugates.the synthesis of a series of cephalosporin doxorubicin derivatives that differ with respect to the substituent at position 7 of the cephem nucleus is described. these compounds are designed as prodrugs of doxorubicin for activation by monoclonal antibody-beta-lactamase conjugates. the key step in the synthesis of this series of compounds involves the use of the phenylacetamido group as an enzymatically removable protecting group for the 7-amino group on the cephem. in vitro cytotoxicity assays w ...19957731023
inactivation of blasticidin s by bacillus cereus. v. purification and characterization of blasticidin s-deaminase mediated by a plasmid from blasticidin s resistant bacillus cereus k55-s1.blasticidin s (bs) deaminase (bsr) from a bs-resistant strain, bacillus cereus k55-s1, was purified to homogeneity. molecular weights determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and by gel filtration on hplc are about 15500 and 35000, respectively, indicating the enzyme is a homodimer. the amino acid composition and n-terminal sequence of bsr are the same as those deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the bs-resistant gene, bsr. the optimum temperature an ...19957742811
locating nisin-producing lactococcus lactis in a fermented meat system.antibody-linked probes were used to locate nisin in a fermented meat system. free nisin or nisin bound to susceptible cells or food components was not detected. colonies of nisin-producing lactococcus lactis were stained at all times during growth. the position of nisin-producing l. lactis colonies was noted and compared with the location of spoilage organisms or the distribution of areas with a fermented meat appearance. no relationship between the distribution of starter culture and the locati ...19957744718
differentiation of bacillus anthracis and other 'bacillus cereus group' bacteria using is231-derived sequences.sequences based on the conserved 20 bp inverted repeat of is231 variants were used as polymerase chain reaction-based fingerprinting primers of the member species of the bacillus cereus group (b. anthracis, b. cereus, b. thuringiensis and b. mycoides), because of their close association with transposons, principally tn4430 in b. thuringiensis. fingerprints of b. anthracis were simple, and specifically allowed its identification and sub-differentiation from other members of the group. fingerprint ...19957750728
bacillus cereus phage typing as an epidemiological tool in outbreaks of food poisoning.bacillus cereus is responsible for an increasing number of food poisoning cases. by using 12 bacteriophages isolated from sewage, a typing scheme for b. cereus isolates from outbreaks or sporadic cases of food poisoning was developed. the phages belonged to three morphotypes. ten phages with contractile tails and icosahedral heads were members of the myoviridae family, and two phages with noncontractile tails belonged to the siphoviridae family. phage 11 represented a new species. it had an isom ...19957751369
the effect of recovery conditions on the apparent heat resistance of bacillus cereus spores.the effect of recovery media and incubation temperature on the apparent heat resistance of three atcc strains (4342, 7004 and 9818) of bacillus cereus spores were studied. nutrient agar (na), tryptic soy agar (tsa), plate count agar (pca) and milk agar (ma) as the media and temperatures in the range of 15-40 degrees c were used to recover heated spores. higher counts of heat injured spores were obtained on pca and na. the optimum subculture temperature was about 5 degrees c below the optimum tem ...19957759384
kinetic analysis of extension of substrate specificity with xanthomonas maltophilia, aeromonas hydrophila, and bacillus cereus metallo-beta-lactamases.twenty beta-lactam molecules, including penicillins, cephalosporins, penems, carbapenems, and monobactams, were investigated as potential substrates for xanthomonas maltophilia ula-511, aeromonas hydrophila ae036, and bacillus cereus 5/b/6 metallo-beta-lactamases. a detailed analysis of the kinetic parameters examined confirmed these enzymes to be broad-spectrum beta-lactamases with different ranges of catalytic efficiency. cefoxitin and moxalactam, substrates for the beta-lactamases from x. mal ...19957695305
chromogenic assay for phospholipase c from bacillus cereus.a standard chromogenic assay for phosphatidylcholine determination has been modified in the development of a facile method for measuring the rate parameters (km and vmax) for phosphatidylcholine-preferring phospholipase c from bacillus cereus (plcbc). the assay is applied to the determination of the ki for a known inhibitor of plcbc.19957485988
cloning and primary structure of a new hemolysin gene from bacillus cereus.a new hemolysin gene from bacillus cereus vkm-b164 was cloned in escherichia coli and sequenced. deduced protein consists of 219 amino acids and has a molecular mass of 24.4 kda. it has been concluded that the hemolysin, named 'hemolysin iii', is distinct from the b. cereus hemolysins reported previously: cereolysin, sphingomyelinase, cereolysin ab, hemolysin ii, and 'cereolysin-like' hemolysin (honda, t., shiba, a., seo, s., yamamoto, j., matsuyama, j. and miwatani, t. (1991) fems microbiol. le ...19957495855
antibacterial activity of helichrysum aureonitens (asteraceae).the antibacterial activity of extracts from helichrysum aureonitens was investigated. the dichloromethane extract was active against all five gram positive bacteria tested and the methanol extract was active only against bacillus cereus, b. pumilus and micrococcus kristinae, while the water extract had no activity against any of the organisms. none of the extracts inhibited the growth of the five gram negative bacteria tested.19957500636
[intracerebral hemorrhage and multiple brain abscesses caused by bacillus cereus within the scope of acute lymphatic leukemia].multiple hematogenic brain abscesses in immunosuppression are occasionally caused by rare and primary apathogenic causative agents. we report a first case of an isolated cns infection by bacillus cereus, which led to death from multiple brain abscesses and an intracerebral hemorrhage, probably caused by the infection, within 4 days. the underlying disease leading to immunosuppression was acute lymphatic leukemia in complete remission. in spite of antibiotic therapy the chemotherapy-induced neutr ...19957501096
specific oligonucleotide primers for detection of lecithinase-positive bacillus spp. by pcr.an assay based on the pcr has been developed to facilitate detection and identification of bacillus cereus in foods. three primers for the pcr have been designed within the sequence for cereolysin ab, a cytolytic determinant that encodes lecithin-hydrolyzing and hemolytic activities of b. cereus. with the pcr and hybridization, the specificity of the primers was tested with 39 isolates of the b. cereus group, with 17 other bacillus spp., and with 21 non-bacillus strains. results demonstrate a hi ...19957887632
bacillus subtilis possesses a second determinant with extensive sequence similarity to the escherichia coli mreb morphogene.a gene with substantial sequence similarity to the mreb morphogene of bacillus subtilis has been identified at 302 degrees on the chromosomal map by a. decatur, b. kunkel, and r. losick (harvard university; personal communication). our characterization has revealed that the protein product of this determinant (termed mbl for mreb-like) is 55 and 53% identical in sequence to the mreb proteins of b. subtilis and escherichia coli, respectively. the protein is 86% identical to a protein identified a ...19957836311
antibacterial activity of 7-aminocholesterol, a new sterol.a new sterol, 7-aminocholesterol, which inhibits growth of saccharomyces cerevisiae, also displayed antibiotic activity against gram-positive bacteria. the 50% growth inhibitory concentration against strains of listeria innocua, l. monocytogenes, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus hirae and bacillus cereus was 3 microm.19957896083
glycan requirements of glycosylphosphatidylinositol phospholipase c from trypanosoma brucei. glucosaminylinositol derivatives inhibit phosphatidylinositol phospholipase c.glycosylphosphatidylinositol phospholipase c (gpi-plc) from trypanosoma brucei and phosphatidylinositol phospholipase c (pi-plc) from bacillus sp. both cleave glycosylphosphatidylinositols (gpis). however, phosphatidylinositol, which is efficiently cleaved by pi-plc, is a very poor substrate for gpi-plc. we examined gpi-plc substrate requirements using glycoinositol analogs of gpi components as potential inhibitors. glucosaminyl (alpha 1-->6)-d-myo-inositol (glcn(alpha 1-->6)ins), glcn(alpha 1-- ...19957852313
be-24566b, a new antibiotic produced by streptomyces violaceusniger. 19958557611
some pharmacokinetic parameters of doxycycline in east african goats after intramuscular administration of a long-acting formulation.a compartmental and non-compartmental study was carried out on five adult goats following intramuscular administration of doxycycline at 20 mg/kg bodyweight. the concentration of the drug in serum was determined by a microbiological assay employing bacillus cereus var mycoides (atcc 11778) as the test organism. the mean serum concentration (cmax) and the time of maximum concentration (tmax) were 1.87 micrograms/ml and 0.85 h, respectively. using compartmental analysis, the plasma concentration-t ...19958560757
studies on microbial aerobic flora of skin in leprosy patients.this study reports the isolation and identification of aerobic organisms from biopsies/slit-skin smears/scrapings from 129 leprosy patients and 50 healthy controls. these include 56 paucibacillary (pb) and 73 multibacillary (mb) cases. thirty-six isolates from the specimens from 21 patients and 15 healthy controls were grown. the non-mycobacterial isolates from clinically pb leprosy (tt/bt/i) patients were: (1) gram-positive cocci: staphylococcus aureus(1), staphylococcus albus(1); (b) gram-posi ...19958576610
isolation, and virulence profiles, of aeromonas hydrophila implicated in an outbreak of food poisoning in sweden.a case of food poisoning outbreak involving aeromonas hydrophila is reported in this study. a group of 27 people consumed a typical swedish food "landgång" which is a type of smörgåsbord containing shrimps with mayonnaise, liver paté, ham, sausage, and legume salad which was purchased from a food store. twenty-two of the 27 persons became ill within 20-34 hr of consumption of the food and reported the symptoms ranging from severe acute diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, fever and vomiting. one ...19958577278
characteristics of some psychrotrophic bacillus cereus isolates.twelve strains of bacillus cereus isolated from different food products and foodborne disease outbreaks, and able to grow at temperatures < 7 degrees c, were characterised. generation times at 7 degrees c varied from 9.4 h up to 75 h. lag phase of the vegetative cells at 7 degrees c was strongly influenced by the previous temperature history of the cells. preincubation at 37 degrees c increased the duration of the lag phase drastically. the heat resistance at 90 degrees c (d90 degrees c-values i ...19958579988
determination of lipid ester ozonides and core aldehydes by high-performance liquid chromatography with on-line mass spectrometry.unsaturated triacylglycerols (tg) and choline (pc) and ethanolamine (pe) phosphatides of known structure were subjected to ozonization and reduction with triphenylphosphine to yield the corresponding lipid ester core aldehydes. mono- and di-c9 aldehyde palmitoylglycerols were prepared from oleoyldipalmitoyl and oleoyllinoleoylpalmitoyl glycerols, respectively, while egg yolk pc and pe provided the mono-c5 and mono-c9 aldehydes of palmitoyl-and stearoyl glycerophospholipids. the aldehydes were is ...19958621886
[bacillus cereus meningitis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection]. 19958787298
unusual chromatographic behaviour and one-step purification of a novel membrane proteinase from bacillus cereus.cell envelopes of bacillus cereus contain a casein-cleaving membrane proteinase (ccmp) and an insulin-cleaving membrane proteinase (icmp), which differ in their substrate and inhibitor specificity from all bacillus proteinases described previously. they remained localized in the cytoplasmic membrane after treatment with lysozyme and mutanolysin and they are strongly attached to the membrane compared with other known membrane proteinases. only high a concentration of the zwitterionic detergent su ...19958520670
microbial bioassays to assess the toxicity of solid-associated contaminants.due to the effects that sediment or soil matrices have on the bioavailability of compounds, it has been difficult to screen toxicity of solid-associated contaminants. the majority of microbial assays for testing toxicity of soils and sediments have been performed on water or solvent extracts. these procedures lead to a fractionation of the toxicity, which may underestimate or overestimate exposure routes and consequently potential adverse environmental effects. recently, a solid-phase microtox a ...19958521786
[examination of toxin production from environmental bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis].emetic toxin- and entero toxin-producing activities were examined for 524 strains of bacillus cereus and 90 strains of bacillus thuringiensis to determine the distribution and contamination in natural environment, including foods, vegetable, soil and etc. emetic toxin was assayed by the production of acid from hep-2 cells induced by the culture supernatants of bacillus, which was developed as an improved method for the detection of b. cereus heat-stable emetic-toxin by us. in the 524 strains of ...19958523268
bacillus thuringiensis subsp. oswaldocruzi and bacillus thuringiensis subsp. brasiliensis, two novel brazilian strains which determine new serotype h38 and h39, respectively. 19958524081
an unusual outbreak of food poisoning.on august 25 1990, over 400 people who attended a thailand handicappeds' sport day at a provincial physical education college developed gastrointestinal symptoms after having dinner. an epidemiological team want to determine causes(s) and recommend how to prevent and control a food poisoning outbreak. the investigation included interviewing all 1,210 persons who attended the sport's day. in addition, an environmental survey, laboratory analysis of food samples, and rectal, ear, throat and nasal ...19958525424
identification of a region of genetic variability among bacillus anthracis strains and related species.the identification of a region of sequence variability among individual isolates of bacillus anthracis as well as the two closely related species, bacillus cereus and bacillus mycoides, has made a sequence-based approach for the rapid differentiation among members of this group possible. we have identified this region of sequence divergence by comparison of arbitrarily primed (ap)-pcr "fingerprints" generated by an m13 bacteriophage-derived primer and sequencing the respective forms of the only ...19968550456
analysis of the critical sites for protein thermostabilization by proline substitution in oligo-1,6-glucosidase from bacillus coagulans atcc 7050 and the evolutionary consideration of proline residues.to identify the critical sites for protein thermostabilization by proline substitution, the gene for oligo-1,6- glucosidase from a thermophilic bacillus coagulans strain, atcc 7050, was cloned as a 2.4-kb dna fragment and sequenced. in spite of a big difference in their thermostabilities, b. coagulans oligo-1,6-glucosidase had a large number of points in its primary structure identical to respective points in the same enzymes from a mesophilic bacillus cereus strain, atcc 7064 (57%), and an obli ...19968787404
antifungal azoxybacilin exhibits activity by inhibiting gene expression of sulfite reductase.azoxybacilin, produced by bacillus cereus, has a broad spectrum of antifungal activity in methionine-free medium and has been suggested to inhibit sulfite fixation. we have further investigated the mode of action by which azoxybacilin kills fungi. the compound inhibited the incorporation of [35s] sulfate into acid-insoluble fractions of saccharomyces cerevisiae under conditions in which virtually no inhibition was observed for dna, rna, or protein synthesis. it did not interfere with the activit ...19968787893
crystal structure of the wide-spectrum binuclear zinc beta-lactamase from bacteroides fragilis.the metallo-beta-lactamase from bacteroides fragilis hydrolyzes a wide range of beta-lactam antibiotics, and is not clinically susceptible to any known beta-lactamase inhibitors. b. fragilis is associated with post-surgery hospital infections, and there has been a recent report of plasmid-mediated dissemination of the enzyme. effective inhibitors are therefore urgently needed. knowledge of the three-dimensional structure will aid in the drug design effort.19968805566
characteristics of streptomyces strains isolated from soils in two landfill areas in north jordan.a total of 114 streptomyces strains were isolated and purified from soils collected from al akider (53) and from al kafeer (61) landfill areas in north jordan. the al akider strains were classified into 5 colour series gray (27), white (18), yellow (3), violet (3) and green (2); while the al kafeer strains were classified into 6 colour series white (26), gray (16), yellow (9), red (2), green (7) and blue (1). melanin pigment was produced by 21 and 25% of the al akider and al kafeer strains, resp ...19968806943
infection with bacillus cereus after close-range gunshot injuries.three patients were admitted with close-range gunshot wounds of the knee and lower leg, inflicted in all three cases through clothing. at admission, all of the patients were given antibiotics (cefuroxime and metronidazole) to prevent streptococcal and anaerobic infection. all of the patients developed severe tissue infection with bacillus cereus within days of admission. in one case, the organism was also recovered from the blood. b. cereus is capable of causing severe infection after trauma and ...19968810981
the aggregation-mediated conjugation system of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis: host range and kinetics of transfer.the aggregation-mediated conjugation system in bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis encoded on the plasmid pxo16 is characterized by the formation of aggregates when agr+ and agr- cells are socialized in exponential growth. using the aggregation phenotypes, we have identified potential recipients of the aggregation-plasmid pxo16 among bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus megaterium, bacillus sphaericus, and 24 subspecies of b. thuringiensis. we found 14 agr- strains, i.e., potential ...19968824168
a gene (sleb) encoding a spore cortex-lytic enzyme from bacillus subtilis and response of the enzyme to l-alanine-mediated germination.the bacillus subtilis sleb gene, which codes for the enzyme homologous to the germination-specific amidase from bacillus cereus, was cloned and its nucleotide sequence was determined. sequence analysis showed that it had an open reading frame of 918 bp, coding for a polypeptide of 305 amino acids with a putative signal sequence of 29 residues. enzyme activity was not found in germination exudate of b. subtilis spores, which differs from the case of b. cereus enzyme. a b. subtilis mutant with an ...19968830707
frequency of antimicrobial resistance and plasmid profiles of bacillus cereus strains isolated from milk.plasmid profile analysis and susceptibility to eight commonly used antimicrobial agents was done on sixty bacillus cereus (b. cereus) strains isolated from milk. about seventy two percent (71.7%) of the isolates contained plasmids. the number of plasmids per isolate ranged between 1 and 5, while plasmid sizes ranged between 60 and 0.1 megadaltons (mda). all isolates were resistant to ampicillin with a relatively high rate of resistance to cotrimoxazole and sulphamethoxazole. the isolates showed ...19968840598
expression and site-directed mutagenesis of the phosphatidylcholine-preferring phospholipase c of bacillus cereus: probing the role of the active site glu146.a series of site-specific mutants of the phosphatidylcholine-preferring phospholipase c from bacillus cereus (plcbc) was prepared in which the glutamic acid residue at position 146 was replaced with glutamine, aspartic acid, histidine, and leucine to elucidate what role glu146 might play in catalysis. an expression system for the native enzyme in escherichia coli was first developed to provide plcbc that was fused via an intervening factor xa protease recognition sequence at its n-terminus to ma ...19968841144
reduction of risks associated with fumonisin contamination in corn.fumonisins, produced by fusarium moniliforme, have been recognized as an important group of chemicals which cause health risks in domestic animals and humans. decontamination procedures for fumonisin b1 (fb1) were evaluated to determine chemical modification and reduction in toxic/carcinogenic potentials. ammoniation, a procedure used for decontamination of aflatoxins, yielded a 79% reduction in fb1 levels in naturally contaminated corn. authentic fb1 and fb1-contaminated corn were exposed to al ...19968850629
antibacterial activity of lactobacillus plantarum ug1 isolated from dry sausage: characterization, production and bactericidal action of plantaricin ug1.lactobacillus plantarum ug1 isolated from dry sausage produced an antimicrobial substance that inhibited other strains of the genera lactobacillus and lactococcus, and some foodborne pathogens including listeria monocytogenes, bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens and clostridium sporogenes. this antibacterial substance was inactivated by proteolytic enzymes and showed a bactericidal mode of action. consequently, it was characterized as a bacteriocin, and was designated plantaricin ug1. this ...19968854175
production of diarrheal toxin by selected strains of bacillus cereus.the production of diarrheal toxin by six selected strains of bacillus cereus was monitored during growth at 32 degrees c, a temperature described as near-optimal for growth and toxin production. toxic activity was measured in culture filtrates and cellular extracts sampled at three different times during growth. two alternative methods, a cytotoxicity test on chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells and a commercial immunological test (bcet-rpla, oxoid) were used. toxin titres were in agreement with ep ...19968854186
preparation and validation of a growth model for bacillus cereus: the effects of temperature, ph, sodium chloride and carbon dioxide.the growth responses of a vegetative inoculum of bacillus cereus as influenced by varying conditions of temperature, ph value and sodium chloride concentration (% w/v) and carbondioxide concentration (% v/v) were determined in laboratory medium. growth curves in concentrations of nacl in the range 0.5-10.5% (w/v), ph values in the range 4.5-7.0, co2 concentrations in the range 10-80% (v/v) and storage temperatures from 10 degrees c to 30 degrees c were fitted using the regime of baranyi et al. ( ...19968854187
application of predictive microbiology to estimate the number of bacillus cereus in pasteurised milk at the point of consumption.a procedure is presented to quantitatively estimate the growth of a particular organism in a food product during chilled storage using predictive microbiology. this results in a quantification of the contribution of every individual process step to the total number of organisms, which may be a useful tool to support decisions on existing process lines as well as in process and product design. it is demonstrated that predictive microbiology will only estimate to within orders of magnitude of bact ...19968856374
experimental posttraumatic bacillus cereus endophthalmitis in a swine model. efficacy of intravitreal ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, and imipenem.the authors compare the intravitreal efficacy of ciprofloxacin, vancomycin and imipenem, in treating experimental bacillus cereus endophthalmitis.19968865392
variable numbers of rrna gene operons in bacillus cereus strains.ribosomal rna operon organisation was analysed in two bacillus cereus strains of different chromosome size, atcc 10987 (5.4 mb) and f0837/76 (2.4 mb). we estimated that there were twelve and nine copies of the rrna operons in these two strains, respectively. in b. cereus atcc 10987 six rrna operons were less than 10 kb apart, while in b. cereus f0837/76 four rrna operons were similarly clustered. the origin of replication was located in the vicinity of a rrna operon in both strains.19968867386
mechanism and structure based inhibitors of phospholipase c enzymes.pi-specific plc enzymes are a key component of phosphatidylinositol-mediated signaling pathways since the hydrophobic product, diacylglycerol, activates protein kinase c and the water-soluble product, inositol trisphosphate, is involved in ca2+ mobilization. nonspecific, or pc-plc, enzymes can generate diacylglycerol without ca2+ mobilization. a series of inhibitors, both lipophilic and water-soluble, have been synthesized to target each of these two classes of plc enzymes. design of the inhibit ...19968869740
methods for increasing survivability during storage of exponentially growing bacteria.a protocol has been developed for storing gram (-) bacterial cells at 0 degrees c, which allows greater than 90% of stored cells to retain colony-forming ability for up to 60 days. the protocol, which yields essentially identical results when used with escherichia coli or pseudomonas aeruginosa, does not enhance survivability of bacillus cereus. the greatest and longest survival is enjoyed when exponentially growing cells in minimal-glucose medium are deprived of carbon for about 9 h, supplement ...19968875912
in-vitro activity of ramoplanin (a novel lipoglycopeptide), vancomycin, and teicoplanin against gram-positive clinical isolates from cancer patients.the in-vitro activities of ramoplanin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin against gram-positive organisms isolated from cancer patients were determined. ramoplanin was the most active agent tested inhibiting all isolates at a concentration of < or = 0.5 mg/l. although all isolates were also susceptible to vancomycin and teicoplanin, their activities were surpassed by that of ramoplanin. the activity of teicoplanin was moderately better than that of vancomycin against bacillus cereus, enterococcus faeci ...19968877541
inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c: studies on synthetic substrates, inhibitors and a synthetic enzyme.enzyme inhibition studies on phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) from b. cereus were performed in order to gain an understanding of the mechanism of the pi-plc family of enzymes and to aid inhibitor design. inhibition studies on two synthetic cyclic phosphonate analogues (1,2) of inositol cyclic-1:2-monophosphate (cip), glycerol-2-phosphate and vanadate were performed using natural phosphatidylinositol (pi) substrate in triton x100 co-micelles and an nmr assay. further inhibit ...19968877813
evaluation of serotyping, biotyping, plasmid banding pattern analysis, and hep-2 vacuolation factor assay in the epidemiological investigation of bacillus cereus emetic-syndrome food poisoning.to assess the value of the plasmid banding patterns, the vacuolation factor (vf) assay, biotyping, and serological typing as epidemiological markers for strains of bacillus cereus causing emetic-syndrome illness, 43 isolates from five outbreaks and an additional 76 strains isolated in food-poisoning outbreaks caused by other enteric pathogens were examined by these techniques, and the results were compared. thirty-eight (88%) of the 43 outbreak strains produced vacuolation responses in hep-2 cel ...19968880304
randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) assay for genomic fingerprinting of bacillus cereus isolates.randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) assay was used for epidemiological subtyping of b. cereus and b. lentus. within 25 isolates of b. cereus up to 22 strain types could be determined when five primers were used. rapd patterns, which were found in three b. lentus strains, clearly differed form those of b. cereus. the rapd technique proved to be an effective tool for the characterization of b. cereus strains.19968880317
effect of ph of the recovery medium on the apparent heat resistance of three strains of bacillus cereus.the influence of ph of the recovery medium, in the range 7.6-5.4, on the apparent heat resistance of three strains of bacillus cereus (atcc 4342, 7004 and 9818) has been investigated. the highest counts of heat-injured spores were obtained at ph near neutral, decreasing markedly as ph was reduced, especially with longer heating times. when the media were acidified, the apparent d-values tended to decrease, although some exceptions related to the strain and the nature of the medium were observed. ...19968880321
investigation of bacterial resistance to hatchery disinfectants.three commercial chicken hatcheries were sampled for environmental bacteria. isolated bacteria were tested for resistance to commercial preparations of quaternary ammonia, phenolic, and glutaraldehyde liquid disinfectants. bacterial isolates were exposed to several disinfectant dilutions bracketing the dilutions recommended by the manufacturer for 5-, 10-, and 15-min exposure periods before subculturing to broth medium. approximately 8% of the isolates from two of three hatcheries were resistant ...19968883778
subtyping of bacillus cereus by total cell protein patterns and arbitrary primer polymerase chain reaction.bacillus cereus is a ubiquitous sporeforming gram-positive rod that is associated with foodborne outbreaks as well as several opportunistic infections. inspite of the prevalence of b. cereus associated foodborne outbreaks, subtyping of the species using molecular typing assays was not attempted. in this study we have recovered 58 b. cereus isolates from natural and clinical sources and initially characterized them, along with a b. cereus strain (atcc 14579) and b. thuringiensis natural isolate, ...19968884200
synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and the effect of polyethylene glycol on inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c from bacillus cereus.substrate analog inhibitors of bacillus cereus phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) were synthesized and screened for their suitability to map the active site region of the enzyme by protein crystallography. analogs of the natural substrate phosphatidylinositol (pi) were designed to examine the importance of the lipid portion and the inositol phosphate head group for binding to the enzyme. the synthetic compounds contained pentyl, hexyl, or hexanoyl and octyl lipid chains at th ...19968893831
structure-activity relationships in a series of substituted indolocarbazoles: topoisomerase i and protein kinase c inhibition and antitumoral and antimicrobial properties.a series of compounds structurally related to staurosporine, rebeccamycin, and corresponding aglycones was synthesized, and their activities toward protein kinase c and topoisomerases i and ii were tested together with their in vitro antitumor efficiency against murine b16 melanoma and p388 leukemia cells. their antimicrobial activities were also examined against a gram-negative bacterium (escherichia coli), a yeast (candida albicans), and three gram-positive bacteria (bacillus cereus, streptomy ...19968893841
epidemiological typing of bacillus spp. isolated from food.biotypes, fatty acid profiles, and restriction fragment length polymorphisms of a pcr product (pcr-rflp of the cereolysin ab gene) were compared for 62 isolates of the bacillus cereus group. eleven isolates originated from various foods, and 51 isolates were obtained from pasteurized milk which had been processed by two different dairies. the isolates were clustered into 6 biotypes, 10 fatty acid groups, or 7 pcr-rflp clusters. isolates with mesophilic or psychrotrophic characteristics were pref ...19968900016
inhibition of microbial growth by ajoene, a sulfur-containing compound derived from garlic.ajoene, a garlic-derived sulfur-containing compound that prevents platelet aggregation, exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. growth of gram-positive bacteria, such as bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, mycobacterium smegmatis, and streptomyces griseus, was inhibited at 5 micrograms of ajoene per ml. staphylococcus aureus and lactobacillus plantarum also were inhibited below 20 micrograms of ajoene per ml. for gram-negative bacteria, such as escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, a ...19968900018
synthesis and reactions of some new 4h-pyrano[3,2-c]benzopyran-5-one derivatives and their potential biological activities.several new 4h-pyrano[3,2-c]benzopyran-5-ones (6a-g and 10) which exhibited antibacterial and fungicidal activity, have been synthesized via a one flask multicomponent condensation of aldehydes with malononitrile and 4-hydroxycoumarin. the reactions of 6a with several nucleophilic reagents are reported.19968900865
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