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destruction of both extensive local recurrent and primary breast cancer with topical aqueous 5-fu: a clinical observation. 20133719590
pha responsiveness and adherent cell-lymphocyte interactions in patients with advanced malignant tumors of the ovary prior to treatment and during chemotherapy.dna synthesis in cultures of pha-stimulated blood mononuclear cells from patients with advanced malignant tumors of the ovary before treatment was significantly reduced and responses of lymphocytes alone were, on an average, 40% lower than in control subjects. adherent cells were found to suppress the pha response of autologous lymphocytes from 6/12 patients before treatment, 4/18 patients during chemotherapy and only in 2/19 control subjects. the net effects of adherent cell-lymphocyte interact ...20133736722
visual half-field presentations of incongruent color words: effects of gender and handedness.right-handed (dextral) and left-handed (sinistral) males and females (n = 15) were compared for language lateralization in a visual half-field (vhf) incongruent color-words paradigm. the paradigm consists of repeated brief (less than 200 msec) presentations of color-words written in an incongruent color. presentations are either to the right or to the left of center fixation. the task of the subject is to report the color the word is written in on each trial, ignoring the color-word. color-bars ...20133769495
[difficulties in the diagnosis of progressive duchenne muscular dystrophy]. 20133696846
integrating aboriginal students into the general nursing course. 20133634609
the proximal and distal tarsal tunnel syndromes. an anatomical study.clinical and electromyographic studies in the tarsal tunnel syndrome may suggest compression of only one of the two terminal branches of the posterior tibial nerve. this anatomical study demonstrates the structures which may cause isolated damage to either the medial plantar or the lateral plantar nerves. a surgical approach to the tarsal tunnel is described.20133623755
[primary localization of a malignant lymphoma in the salivary gland--case report]. 20133821669
[comparative analysis of fluorine levels of nails of the population of police]. 20133623327
[activity of the finnish occupational safety organs for protection from exposure to hazardous chemicals]. 20133596305
linked gas chromatography infrared mass spectrometry. 20133592230
dosimetry of anterior chest treatment by 10 mv x-rays using a tissue compensating filter.the dose uniformity of anterior chest treatments resulting from a missing tissue compensating filter has been studied. patient dosimetry with 10 mv x-rays was simulated using film, an ionization chamber, and thermoluminescent dosimetry (tld). the results show that the compensating filter greatly improved the dose uniformity of a homogeneous phantom. however, the improvement for an inhomogeneous phantom and for patients was found to be less impressive. when using the filter, the increase in surfa ...20134070684
[reconstructive plastic surgery of the humeral condyles following removal of endoprostheses of the elbow versus arthrodesis].the condyles of the elbow are of utmost importance for the stability of this joint. this is particularly evident in cases where elbow prostheses had to be removed because of loosening or infection and where the condyles had been deliberately resected at the primary operation. in order to obtain a functional elbow with sufficient stability and mobility after removal of the prostheses, we can reconstruct the condyles by means of a large autologous bone graft, which we take from the midpart of the ...20133658417
computer-aided diagnosis of dermatologic disorders.in conclusion, several computer programs have been developed to aid diagnosis in dermatology. these have used various methods to reach a diagnosis, with some earlier programs using probabilistic techniques and later programs using cognitive models. several current trends, if they continue, would indicate that computer-assisted diagnosis may play a greater role. the growing number of physicians who own the prerequisite computing resources will probably want diagnostic software to accompany their ...20133536227
cimetidine versus ranitidine: single-dose, oral regimen for reducing gastric acidity and volume in ambulatory surgery patients.this placebo-controlled trial compared the efficacy of single oral doses of cimetidine or ranitidine in maintaining intragastric ph and volume greater than 2.5 and less than 25 ml, respectively, in ambulatory surgery patients requiring general anesthesia. patients were randomized to receive either placebo, ranitidine hcl 150 mg, or cimetidine hcl 400 mg upon rising on the morning of surgery. at induction, the cimetidine and ranitidine groups had significantly higher (p less than 0.05) gastric ph ...20133829912
incidence, clinical significance and prognosis of ventricular fibrillation in the early phase of myocardial infarction.of 1265 patients admitted to the ccu with the diagnosis of acute mi, 96 (7.6%) developed ventricular fibrillation within 72 hours following admission. of these 96, 35 (36.5%) had secondary vf associated with left ventricular failure; they had a high in-hospital mortality of 57.1%. the remaining 61 (63.5%) had primary vf, i.e. vf occurring in the absence of significant lv failure. fourteen of these (23%) died in hospital: 9 due to pvf (3 during the first episode, 6 during a recurrence). this mort ...20133792355
[investigation of the selective method for the optimal combination of paper chromatographic solvent systems of 22 kinds of amino acids]. 20134096244
[investigation of the selective method for the optimal combination of paper chromatographic solvent systems of 22 kinds of amino acids]. 20134096244
[multifocal hydatid cysts in children].from 1981 to 1983, 112 children have been operated on for hydatidosis, 26 of them presented multifocal hydatid cysts. in half cases the lung was affected, in association with an abdominal affect. in 6 cases it was a bilateral pulmonary localisation. the check-up is essentially with two exams: thoracal radiology, front and side view; and abdominal echography. the hydatic serology confirms the parasitic origin. 40 surgical operations have been necessary for 21 children carried 171 hydatid cysts. t ...20133719886
developmental origins of moral masochism: a failure-to-thrive toddler's interactions with mother.the case of a toddler diagnosed as failure to thrive with an unusual history of "accidents" illustrates the circumstances which may account for the infant's intense attachment to a sadistic love object and lead to moral masochism in adulthood. the observed behaviors of the toddler in interaction with mother show the pathological consequences of the infant's openness to influences of the social environment. he becomes attuned to his mother's wishes and performs behaviors which successfully evoke ...20133676888
individual differences in the signed communication of deaf children. 20133812164
rapid induction of hemopoietic neoplasms in newborn mice by a raf(mil)/myc recombinant murine retrovirus.3611 msv, a raf oncogene-transducing murine retrovirus, induced fibrosarcomas in newborn mice after a latency of 4 to 8 weeks. in contrast, newly constructed recombinant murine retroviruses carrying the myc oncogene did not induce tumors before greater than or equal to 9 weeks. a combination of both oncogenes in an infectious murine retrovirus induced hematopoietic neoplasms in addition to less prominent fibrosarcomas and pancreatic acinar dysplasia 1 to 3 weeks after inoculation. the hematologi ...20134009794
[unusual cause for the development of hemoperitoneum].the authors describe an unusual origin of haemoperitoneum in a young woman. the hemoperitoneum appeared twice in a period of 10 months. the first attack was mild and atypic. in both cases the hemoperitoneum was preceded by a sexual intercourse, during which the ovary resp. the ovarian cyst were injured. the authors suggest that the coital rupture of the ovary is a very common cause of these states. the diagnosis of inapparent bleeding in the abdominal cavity is always very difficult and without ...20133788343
effect of age, sex, and body surface area on echocardiographic left ventricular wall mass in normal subjects.m-mode echocardiography was used to estimate left ventricular wall mass in 136 older normal subjects (group i: 78 men and 58 women, ages 20 to 97 years) and 105 younger normal subjects (group ii: 52 male and 53 female subjects, ages 1 day to 23 years). echocardiographic left ventricular mass (in grams) was estimated from the following formula: left ventricular mass = 1.05 ([ left ventricular internal diastolic dimension + ventricular septal thickness (diastole) + posterior wall thickness (diasto ...20133804398
reversible somatosensory evoked potential changes with neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser use.reversible prolongation and dissolution of the tibial somatosensory evoked potential (sep) was observed with operative use of the neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (nd:yag) laser during extirpation of a foramen magnum meningioma. rapid normalization of the sep followed irrigation with cool saline. the absence of postoperative dorsal column deficit suggests that heat-related physiological changes occurred before the point of irreversible tissue injury. should intraoperative sep monitoring prove a ...20133683778
classification of spinal cord vascular malformations.through the aid of developments in the neuroradiological sciences, great attention has been given to the diagnosis and treatment of vascular malformations of the spinal cord. some of these are congenital, such as intramedullary vascular malformations and arteriovenous fistulae supplied by the spinal cord. others are rather frequent and appear in old age. due to their poor prognosis when not treated, precise determinations and sufficient knowledge are of the utmost importance.20134070669
phase manipulation, shift work, and jet lag: an overview.this overview stresses why it is important to avoid the effect of masking and presents a model of the mechanism of circadian synchronization based on circadian changes of nonspecific responsiveness to various zeitgeber qualities. the significance of phase responses, transitory uncoupling, frequency multiplication, and flattening of circadian functions is considered. even circadian adaptation undergoes a circaseptan reactive periodicity.20133628348
tympano-ossicular allografts: morphology and physiology.the purpose of our work was to analyze the morphology and the physiology of the tympano-ossicular allografts used for reconstruction of the middle ear. the first section of the article concerns the removal and preservation of the allografts. we then describe the results of the morphologic observations concerning the tympanic membrane, the fibrocartilaginous ring, meatal skin, and ossicular chain. the demonstration of some characteristics of the physiology of the allograft supports the results of ...20133591922
orthodontics or bonding? 20133536147
relation between nasal/voice accelerometric values and interval estimates of hypernasality.nasal/throat accelerometric ratios were obtained from 12 hypernasal and three normal children. the accelerometric voltages comprising the ratio were analogs of nasal and anterior-neck tissue vibrations. audio recordings, which were obtained simultaneously with the accelerometric voltages, were later judged for hypernasality using an equal-appearing-interval (eai) scale. high correlations were evident between accelerometric and eai values when a stimulus sentence contained obstruents, semivowels, ...20133863721
[rates of incidence and prevalence of various neuromuscular diseases in the udine and pordenone provinces]. 20133796514
[surgical wound infection after spondylodesis with instrumentation]. 20133811754
non-stochastic effects: compatibility with present icrp recommendations.the present recommendations of the icrp (international commission on radiological protection) are almost entirely based on 'stochastic effects' of ionizing radiation, i.e. cancer induction and heritable effects. in a recent report the compatibility of present recommendations with non-stochastic effects has been considered. the present paper is a summary of these findings.20133874183
non-stochastic effects: compatibility with present icrp recommendations.the present recommendations of the icrp (international commission on radiological protection) are almost entirely based on 'stochastic effects' of ionizing radiation, i.e. cancer induction and heritable effects. in a recent report the compatibility of present recommendations with non-stochastic effects has been considered. the present paper is a summary of these findings.20133874183
effects of sustained intravenous diltiazem infusion in healthy persons.a 3-stage infusion of diltiazem was tested in 8 subjects for up to 48 hours: a bolus injection (10 mg over 3 minutes), a rapid loading infusion (20 mg over 30 minutes) and a maintenance infusion (10 mg/hour to the end of the study). this regimen produced stable median plasma diltiazem concentrations of approximately 150 ng/ml. the median half-life of elimination for diltiazem was 206 minutes (range 144 to 452) and median total clearance was 980 ml/min (range 665 to 1,907). the pr interval length ...20133776858
radiation-induced stenosis of the left main coronary artery.a case of isolated left main coronary artery stenosis ten years following irradiation of the mediastinum for hodgkin's disease is presented. aortic biopsies were consistent with changes suggestive of radiation arteritis.20133731265
[features of the clinico-roentgenologic picture of acute pneumonia in chronic alcoholics]. 20133705450
an illusion of reversed direction in hyperopes.if a subject who is sufficiently farsighted removes his corrective, positive, lenses and looks with one eye from a distance of one or a few meters, at a small lighted area such as the (continuously "on") indicator light of an electric toothbrush, razor, or smoke detector, and if a small object such as a pin is then moved slowly from above to below the subject's eyes (in a plane close to the eye), the subject will perceive the object moving normally from above to below until it encroaches on his ...20133696931
diagnosis formulation by residents and physicians at different levels of experience. 20133783644
combined extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and trabeculectomy.in a retrospective study in a consecutive series of operations performed by the author, 13 eyes in 10 patients underwent combined extracapsular cataract extraction, posterior chamber intraocular lens (iol) implantation and trabeculectomy. all had significant cataract and chronic open-angle glaucoma with field loss, uncontrolled or marginally controlled on maximum tolerable medical treatment. all had a postoperative reduction in intraocular pressure. significant complications included malignant g ...20133675912
haemothorax in the course of chickenpox. 20133787528
mucosa protectives: sucralfate and colloidal bismuth subcitrate in peptic ulcer disease.mucosa protective drugs are thought to have an important role in the treatment of both duodenal (du) and gastric ulcer (gu) disease by means of correcting the disturbed defensive factors. sucralfate as well as colloidal bismuth subcitrate (cbs) form a layer on the ulcer base and in this way protect the ulcer from acid, peptic activity and bile. in duodenal ulcer sucralfate and cbs have shown a significant difference in healing rate compared with placebo. the same holds true for gastric ulcer. wh ...20133660894
time-resolved x-ray diffraction studies of the b in equilibrium d structural transition in the dna double helix.because of the relation between topology and function, there has been much interest in the structural transitions of the various conformations of dna polymers. the x-ray fiber diffraction analysis system at the daresbury synchrotron radiation source was used to study the reversible transition between the b and d forms of the synthetic dna poly[d(a-t)].poly[d(a-t)]. the gradual progression of conformations between these two forms indicates that the dna double helix does not undergo a change of ha ...20133726529
[vesico-uterine fistulas]. 20133623249
enzymatic procedure for the synthesis of 11-deoxyprostaglandins. 20133664795
[large-savings--both in economics and humans]. 20133647642
the cocaine epidemic: proof of the poison. 20133641046
[decreased activity of the renal vasodilation and natriuretic system in normotensive men with a familial history of essential hypertension and decreased na+, k+-cotransport in erythrocytes]. 20133536113
mechanistic and statistical models of total vibrio abundance in the neuse river estuary.bacteria in the genus vibrio are ubiquitous to estuarine waters worldwide and are often the dominant genus recovered from these environments. this genus contains several potentially pathogenic species, including vibrio vulnificus, vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio alginolyticus. these bacteria have short generation times, as low as 20-30 min, and can thus respond rapidly to changing environmental conditions. a five-parameter mechanistic model was generated based on environment ...201323948561
temporal and spatial distribution patterns of potentially pathogenic vibrio spp. at recreational beaches of the german north sea.the number of reported vibrio-related wound infections associated with recreational bathing in northern europe has increased within the last decades. in order to study the health risk from potentially pathogenic vibrio spp. in the central wadden sea, the seasonal and spatial distribution of vibrio vulnificus, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio alginolyticus and vibrio cholerae were investigated at ten recreational beaches in this area over a 2-year period. v. alginolyticus and v. parahaemolyticus w ...201323563708
molecular cloning, characterization of one key molecule of teleost innate immunity from orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides): serum amyloid a.the orange-spotted grouper (epinephelus coioides), a favorite marine food fish, is widely cultured in china and southeast asian countries. however, little is known about its acute phase response (apr) caused by viral diseases. serum amyloid a (saa) is a major acute phase protein (app). in this study, a new saa homologous (ecsaa) gene was cloned from grouper, e. coioides, by rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) pcr. the full-length cdna sequence of saa was 508 bp and contained a 363 bp open re ...201323178260
identification and expression analysis of dicer2 in black tiger shrimp (penaeus monodon) responses to immune challenges.dicer is a key initiative protein of the rna interference (rnai) pathway that produces small interfering rnas (sirnas) or micro rnas (mirna), which then leads to rna-directed gene regulation or viral immunity. in the present study, we identified and characterized a dicer2 cdna from black tiger shrimp penaeus monodon (designated as pmdcr2). the full length cdna of pmdcr2 contains a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 109 bp, an open reading frame (orf) of 4509 bp and a 3' utr of 842 bp. the molecular ...201323583958
isolation and characterization of homologous trbp cdna for rna interference in penaeus monodon.the transactivation response rna-binding protein (trbp) interacts with dicer and binds to double-stranded rna as a critical component of the rna-induced silencing complex, which is a key complex in the rna interference pathway. the full-length cdna of trbp from the tiger prawn, penaeus monodon, (pmtrbp; 1548 bp long with a 1029 bp coding region) was isolated. the encoded polypeptide of 343 amino acids had a predicted molecular mass of 36.8 kda. sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis indicat ...201323207479
predominant bacteria associated with red snapper from the northern gulf of mexico.since the deepwater horizon oil spill in 2010, anecdotal observations of red snapper lutjanus campechanus from the northern gulf of mexico exhibiting unusual external lesions have been reported. two opportunistic bacterial fish pathogens, vibrio vulnificus and photobacterium damselae, were recovered from the fish and were deemed responsible for the abnormalities. however, the culturable microbiota of healthy red snapper has not yet been characterized. we analyzed the heterotrophic bacteria assoc ...201324341770
necrotizing soft tissue infection with gas formation caused by vibrio vulnificus and misdiagnosed as pseudomonas aeruginosa. 201323158593
vibrio vulnificus necrotizing fasciitis preceding herpes zoster.a 74-year-old white man presented with unilateral radicular pain extending across the left side of his chest and back. a diagnosis of postherpetic neuralgia, a sequela of herpes zoster, was made. herpes zoster represents a reactivation of the varicella zoster virus that lies dormant in patients with past chickenpox. risk factors for the disease include advanced age, stress, immunodeficiency, and immunosuppression. treatment of herpes zoster entails traditional antiviral medications, while preven ...201323382617
intranasal immunization with a flagellin-adjuvanted peptide anticancer vaccine prevents tumor development by enhancing specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte response in a mouse model.human papillomavirus (hpv) is a significant cause of cervical cancer-related deaths worldwide. because hpv is a sexually transmitted mucosal pathogen, enhancement of antigen-specific mucosal immune response likely serves good strategy for vaccination. however, mucosal vaccines generally do not induce strong enough immune responses. previously we proved that a bacterial flagellin, vibrio vulnificus flab, induce strong antigen-specific immune responses by stimulating the toll-like receptor 5. in t ...201323858404
flagellin enhances tumor-specific cd8⁺ t cell immune responses through tlr5 stimulation in a therapeutic cancer vaccine model.tumor antigen (ta)-specific immunotherapy is an emerging approach for cancer treatment. potent adjuvants are prerequisites to the immunotherapy for overcoming the low immunogenicity of tas. we previously demonstrated that a bacterial flagellin, vibrio vulnificus flab, has potent adjuvant activity in various vaccination models. in this study, we investigated whether the flab protein could be a potent adjuvant for a human papillomavirus 16 e6 and e7 (e6/e7) peptide-based anticancer immunotherapy. ...201323831323
identification of 62-kda protein as an immunogenic antigen of vibrio vulnificus for humans.vibrio vulnificus infection can cause necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis and can develop within a few days despite intensive care. the mortality rate is up to 60% in vulnerable people. most patients infected with this microbe have chronic liver disease, especially liver cirrhosis or cancer, as an underlying disease. v. vulnificus infection is opportunistic, and there is an urgent need to develop an anti- v. vulnificus vaccine. thus, it is important to identify immunogenic antigens. we collected hu ...201324040694
ubiquitin reference technique and its use in ubiquitin-lacking prokaryotes.in a pulse-chase assay, the in vivo degradation of a protein is measured through a brief labeling of cells with, for example, a radioactive amino acid, followed by cessation of labeling and analysis of cell extracts prepared at different times afterward ("chase"), using immunoprecipitation, electrophoresis and autoradiography of a labeled protein of interest. a conventional pulse-chase assay is fraught with sources of data scatter, as the efficacy of labeling and immunoprecipitation can vary, an ...201323825692
live and dead gfp-tagged bacteria showed indistinguishable fluorescence in caenorhabditis elegans gut.caenorhabditis elegans has been used for studying host-pathogen interactions since long, and many virulence genes of pathogens have been successfully identified. in several studies, fluorescent pathogens were fed to c. elegans and fluorescence observed in the gut was considered an indicator for bacterial colonization. however, the grinder in the pharynx of these nematodes supposedly crushes the bacterial cells, and the ground material is delivered to the intestine for nutrient absorption. theref ...201323812817
the α-barrel tip region of escherichia coli tolc homologs of vibrio vulnificus interacts with the maca protein to form the functional macrolide-specific efflux pump macab-tolc.tolc and its homologous family of proteins are outer membrane factors that are essential for exporting small molecules and toxins across the outer membrane in gram-negative bacteria. two open reading frames in the vibrio vulnificus genome that encode proteins homologous to escherichia coli tolc, designated tolcv1 and tolcv2, have 51.3% and 29.6% amino acid identity to tolc, respectively. in this study, we show that tolcv1 and tolcv2 functionally and physically interacted with the membrane fusion ...201323625214
characterization of complement 1q binding protein of tiger shrimp, penaeus monodon, and its c1q binding activity.the receptor for the globular heads of c1q, c1qbp/gc1qr/p33, is a multicompartmental, multifunctional cellular protein with an important role in infection and in inflammation. in the present study, we identified and characterized the complement component 1q subcomponent binding protein (c1qbp) from the tiger shrimp penaeus monodon (designated as pmc1qbp). the open reading frame of pmc1qbp encodes 262 amino acid residues with a conserved mam33 domain, an arginine-glycine-aspartate cell adhesion m ...201323085472
structural insights into the regulation of sialic acid catabolism by the vibrio vulnificus transcriptional repressor nanr.pathogenic and commensal bacteria that experience limited nutrient availability in their host have evolved sophisticated systems to catabolize the mucin sugar n-acetylneuraminic acid, thereby facilitating their survival and colonization. the correct function of the associated catabolic machinery is particularly crucial for the pathogenesis of enteropathogenic bacteria during infection, although the molecular mechanisms involved with the regulation of the catabolic machinery are unknown. this stu ...201323832782
bacterial infections from aquatic species: potential for and prevention of contact zoonoses.as aquaculture production and the consumption of aquaculture products increase, the possibility of contracting zoonotic infections from either handling or ingesting these products also increases. the principal pathogens acquired topically from fish or shellfish through spine/pincer puncture or open wounds are aeromonas hydrophila, edwardsiella tarda, mycobacterium marinum, streptococcus iniae, vibrio vulnificus and v. damsela. these pathogens, which are all indigenous to the aquatic environment, ...201324547653
structure of a periplasmic domain of the epsab fusion protein of the vibrio vulnificus type ii secretion system.vibrio vulnificus utilizes the type ii secretion system (t2ss), culminating in a megadalton outer membrane complex called the secretin, to translocate extracellular proteins from the periplasmic space across the outer membrane. in aeromonas hydrophila, the general secretion pathway proteins exea and exeb form an inner membrane complex which interacts with peptidoglycan and is required for the assembly of the secretin composed of exed. in v. vulnificus, these two proteins are fused into one prote ...201323385451
the iron-dependent regulator fur controls pheromone signaling systems and luminescence in the squid symbiont vibrio fischeri es114.bacteria often use pheromones to coordinate group behaviors in specific environments. while high cell density is required for pheromones to achieve stimulatory levels, environmental cues can also influence pheromone accumulation and signaling. for the squid symbiont vibrio fischeri es114, bioluminescence requires pheromone-mediated regulation, and this signaling is induced in the host to a greater extent than in culture, even at an equivalent cell density. our goal is to better understand this e ...201323315731
characterization of tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) viperin expression, and inhibition of bacterial growth and modulation of immune-related gene expression by electrotransfer of viperin dna into zebrafish muscle.viperin is an anti-viral protein, induced by viral infection. in this study, we examined whether over-expression of viperin in fish muscle could inhibit bacterial growth. we first obtained the cdna sequence of tilapia viperin, through rt-pcr-mediated cloning and sequencing. the cdna sequence was similar to those of several fish viperins in genbank, and it was predicted to encode the conserved domain of radical s-adenosylmethionine superfamily proteins. phylogenetic analysis revealed that tilapia ...201323237906
the fur-iron complex modulates expression of the quorum-sensing master regulator, smcr, to control expression of virulence factors in vibrio vulnificus.the gene vvpe, encoding the virulence factor elastase, is a member of the quorum-sensing regulon in vibrio vulnificus and displays enhanced expression at high cell density. we observed that this gene was repressed under iron-rich conditions and that the repression was due to a fur (ferric uptake regulator)-dependent repression of smcr, a gene encoding a quorum-sensing master regulator with similarity to luxr in vibrio harveyi. a gel mobility shift assay and a footprinting experiment demonstrated ...201323716618
prevention of quorum-sensing-mediated biofilm development and virulence factors production in vibrio spp. by curcumin.the increasing occurrence of disease outbreaks caused by vibrio spp. and the emergence of antibiotic resistance has led to a growing interest in finding alternative strategies to prevent vibriosis. since the pathogenicity of vibrios is controlled in part by quorum-sensing (qs) system, interfering with this mechanism would prevent the pathogenicity of vibrios without developing resistance. hence, a non-toxic phytochemical curcumin from curcuma longa was assessed for its potential in reducing the ...201323354447
development of a groel gene-based species-specific multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for simultaneous detection of vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus.to develop an effective multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the simultaneous detection of three important vibrio species, vibrio cholerae (vc), v. parahaemolyticus (vp) and v. vulnificus (vv) using the groel gene, a potential phylogenetic marker.201323121500
taxonomic and functional metagenomic profiling of gastrointestinal tract microbiome of the farmed adult turbot (scophthalmus maximus).metagenomics combined with 16s rrna gene sequence analyses was applied to unveil the taxonomic composition and functional diversity of the farmed adult turbot gastrointestinal (gi) microbiome. proteobacteria and firmicutes which existed in both gi content and mucus were dominated in the turbot gi microbiome. 16s rrna gene sequence analyses also indicated that the turbot gi tract may harbor some bacteria which originated from associated seawater. functional analyses indicated that the clustering- ...201323802730
quantification of vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus and vibrio cholerae in french mediterranean coastal lagoons.vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio vulnificus and vibrio cholerae are human pathogens. little is known about these vibrio spp. in the coastal lagoons of france. the purpose of this study was to investigate their incidence in water, shellfish and sediment of three french mediterranean coastal lagoons using the most probable number-polymerase chain reaction (mpn-pcr). in summer, the total number of v. parahaemolyticus in water, sediment, mussels and clams collected from the three lagoons varied from ...201323770313
abundance and distribution of vibrio cholerae, v. parahaemolyticus, and v. vulnificus following a major freshwater intrusion into the mississippi sound.in response to a major influx of freshwater to the mississippi sound following the opening of the bonnet carre spillway, water samples were collected from three sites along the mississippi shoreline to assess the impact of altered salinity on three pathogenic vibrio species. salinity readings across the affected area during the 2011 sample period ranged from 1.4 to 12.9 ppt (mean = 7.0) and for the 2012 sample period from 14.1 to 23.6 ppt (mean = 19.8). analyses of the data collected in 2011 sho ...201323494573
relationship of aquatic environmental factors with the abundance of vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio mimicus and vibrio vulnificus in the coastal area of guaymas, sonora, mexico.members of the genus vibrio are common in aquatic environments. among them are v. cholerae, v. vulnificus, v. parahaemolyticus and v. mimicus. several studies have shown that environmental factors, such as temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen, are involved in their epidemiology. therefore, the main objective of this study is to determine if there is a correlation between the presence/amount of v. cholerae, v, vulnificus, v. parahaemolyticus and v. mimicus and the environmental conditions ...201324334844
multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for simultaneous detection of vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus.a multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) method was developed for the identification of three vibrio species: vibrio cholerae, vibrio parahaemolyticus, and vibrio vulnificus.201324159544
the syp enhancer sequence plays a key role in transcriptional activation by the σ54-dependent response regulator sypg and in biofilm formation and host colonization by vibrio fischeri.biofilm formation by vibrio fischeri is a complex process that requires multiple regulators. one such regulator, the ntrc-like response regulator sypg, controls biofilm formation and host colonization by v. fischeri via its impact on transcription of the symbiosis polysaccharide (syp) locus. sypg is predicted to activate syp transcription by binding to the syp enhancer (se), a conserved sequence located upstream of four syp promoters. in this study, we performed an in-depth analysis of the seque ...201324097942
a pentaplex pcr assay for detection and characterization of vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates.vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus are the leading causes of seafood-related illnesses and also can cause wound infections. these bacteria often co-exist in marine and estuarine environments. however, there have been no reported protocols that can detect and characterize (i.e. pathogenic or nonpathogenic) them in a single pcr. in this study, we developed a ppcr assay with a combination of two species-specific and three pathogenic-specific pcr primers to simultaneously detect virulent ...201323682646
effects of pre- or post-processing storage conditions on high-hydrostatic pressure inactivation of vibrio parahaemolyticus and v. vulnificus in oysters.the effects of storage conditions on subsequent high-hydrostatic pressure (hhp) inactivation of vibrio parahaemolyticus and vibrio vulnificus in oysters were investigated. live oysters were inoculated with v. parahaemolyticus or v. vulnificus to ca. 7-8 log mpn/g by feeding and stored at varying conditions (i.e., 21 or 35 °c for 5h, 4 or 10 °c for 1 and 2 days and -18 °c for 2 weeks). oyster meats were then treated at 225-300 mpa for 2 min at 4, 21 or 35 °c. hhp at 300 mpa for 2 min achieved a > ...201323545264
preliminary study of transplanting as a process for reducing levels of vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus in shellstock oysters.increasingly strict standards for harvest of oysters for the raw, half-shell market (designated as "white tag") should increase the proportion of oysters not meeting these standards (designated as "green tag"). transplanting of green tag oysters into highsalinity waters (>20 practical salinity units) was explored as a means of returning vibrio vulnificus and vibrio parahaemolyticus levels to levels present on initial harvest. in summer 2011, oysters originally harvested in louisiana were transpl ...201323317866
martx of vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 is a virulence and survival factor.vibrio vulnificus biotype 2 is a polyphyletic group whose virulence for fish relies on a plasmid. this plasmid contains an rtxa gene duplicated in the small chromosome that encodes a martx (multifunctional, autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin) unique within the species in domain structure (martx type iii). to discover the role of this toxin in the fitness of this biotype in the fish-farming environment, single- and double-knockout mutants were isolated from a zoonotic strain and analysed in a series ...201322943291
increases in the amounts of vibrio spp. in oysters upon addition of exogenous bacteria.the bacterial pathogen vibrio vulnificus is found naturally in brackish coastal waters but can be greatly concentrated by filter-feeding organisms such as shellfish. numerous experiments in which exogenous v. vulnificus cells are added to oysters in an attempt to measure uptake and depuration have been performed. in nearly all cases, results have shown that laboratory-grown bacteria are rapidly taken up by the oysters but ultimately eliminated, while naturally present vibrio populations in oyste ...201323793640
transcriptome profiling analysis of vibrio vulnificus during human infection.vibrio vulnificus is a waterborne pathogen that was responsible for an outbreak of severe soft-tissue infections among fish farmers and fish consumers in israel. several factors have been shown to be associated with virulence. however, the transcriptome profile of the pathogen during human infection has not been determined yet. we compared the transcriptome profile, using rna sequencing, of a human-pathogenic strain harvested directly from tissue of a patient suffering from severe soft-tissue in ...201323782800
a case series of vibrio vulnificus infections in new orleans, louisiana.the objective of this study is to describe cases of v. vulnificus infection and to review the literature, emphasizing salient aspects of infection for practicing physicians.201322953457
an assay to screen bacterial adhesion to mucus biomolecules.to develop an assay for rapid screening of bacterial adhesion to various groups of biomolecules present in fish mucus.201323020180
bullous skin lesions in vibrio vulnificus infection. 201323178913
solution structure and dynamics of c-terminal regulatory domain of vibrio vulnificus extracellular metalloprotease.an extracellular metalloprotease (vep) secreted by vibrio vulnificus atcc29307 is a 45-kda proteolytic enzyme that has prothrombin activation and fibrinolytic activities during bacterial infection. the action of vep could result in clotting that could serve to protect the bacteria from the host defense machinery. very recently, we showed that the c-terminal propeptide (c-ter100), which is unique to vep, is involved in regulation of vep activity. to understand the structural basis of this functio ...201323228665
resistance to environmental stresses by vibrio vulnificus in the viable but nonculturable state.vibrio vulnificus is responsible for 95% of all seafood-associated fatalities in the united states. when water temperatures drop below c. 13 °c, the cells enter into the viable but nonculturable (vbnc) state wherein they are unable to grow on routine media but retain viability and the ability to return to the culturable state. the aim of this study was to determine whether v. vulnificus cells in the vbnc state are protected against a variety of potentially lethal challenges (heat, oxidative, osm ...201323228034
a bacterial rtx toxin causes programmed necrotic cell death through calcium-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction.vibrio vulnificus, a halophilic estuarine bacterium causing fatal septicemia and necrotic wound infection, is highly cytotoxic to eukaryotic cells. we have reported that rtxa1 toxin kills host cells only after they come into contact with bacteria and plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of v. vulnificus. this study was performed to elucidate the mechanism by which the rtxa1 toxin mediates the death of hela cells. by using confocal microscopy and immunoblot analysis, we show that the 501-k ...201323225896
comparison of plating media for recovery of total and virulent genotypes of vibrio vulnificus in u.s. market oysters.vibrio vulnificus is the leading cause of seafood associated mortality in the united states and is generally associated with consumption of raw oysters. two genetic markers have emerged as indicators of strain virulence, 16s rdna type b (rrnb) and virulence correlated gene type c (vcgc). while much is known about the distribution of v. vulnificus in oysters, a limited number of studies have addressed the more virulent subtypes. therefore, the goals of this study were to (1) determine the suitabi ...201324184610
electrotransfer of the epinecidin-1 gene into skeletal muscle enhances the antibacterial and immunomodulatory functions of a marine fish, grouper (epinephelus coioides).electrotransfer of plasmid dna into skeletal muscle is a common non-viral delivery system for the study of gene function and for gene therapy. however, the effects of epinecidin-1 (epi) on bacterial growth and immune system modulation following its electrotransfer into the muscle of grouper (epinephelus coioides), a marine fish species, have not been addressed. in this study, pcmv-gfp-epi plasmid was electroporated into grouper muscle, and its effect on subsequent infection with vibrio vulnificu ...201323973381
an improved method for quantification of vibrio vulnificus in oysters.chromogenic agar was compared with the fda recommended cellobiose-colistin agar for assessment of vibrio vulnificus in oysters. a two-step culture confirmation method was also evaluated. the inclusion of ca gave a 33% increase in the detection rate and the two-step culture confirmation eliminated 62.5% of false positives.201323933605
luxr homologue smcr is essential for vibrio vulnificus pathogenesis and biofilm detachment, and its expression is induced by host cells.quorum sensing is a cell-to-cell communication system known to control many bacterial processes. in the present study, the functions of quorum sensing in the pathogenesis of vibrio vulnificus, a food-borne pathogen, were assessed by evaluating the virulence of a mutant deficient in smcr, a quorum-sensing regulator and homologue of luxr. when biofilms were used as an inoculum, the smcr mutant was impaired in virulence and colonization capacity in the infection of mice. the lack of smcr also resul ...201323897607
retrospective analysis of epidemiological aspects of vibrio vulnificus infections in korea in 2001-2010.in this study, we performed a retrospective, quantitative analysis of the epidemiological aspects and risk factors of vibrio vulnificus infections in korea from 2001 to 2010. in a total of 588 v. vulnificus infection cases (prevalence rate, 0.12 cases/100,000 persons), 285 were fatal (case-fatality rate [cfr], 48.5%). males were more significantly infected by v. vulnificus than females (86.1% versus 13.9%; p < 0.01), and a higher incidence of v. vulnificus infections was observed in people aged ...201323883847
impact of 2003 state regulation on raw oyster-associated vibrio vulnificus illnesses and deaths, california, usa.us vibriosis rates have increased since 1996, and many vibrio vulnificus infections are fatal. in april 2003, california implemented a regulation restricting the sale of raw oysters harvested from the gulf of mexico during april 1-october 31, unless they were processed to reduce v. vulnificus to nondetectable levels. we analyzed california cases of v. vulnificus infection before and after the regulation's implementation and compared case data with data from other states. the annual number of rep ...201323876744
seasonality, clinical types and prognostic factors of vibrio vulnificus infection.vibrio vulnificus infection, an uncommon but life-threatening illness, manifests as two main types, primary septicemia and primary wound infections.  little information regarding the seasonality of v. vulnificus infections in tropical areas and prognostic factors of primary v. vulnificus wound infections is available.201323857388
three-state mechanism couples ligand and temperature sensing in riboswitches.riboswitches are cis-acting gene-regulatory rna elements that can function at the level of transcription, translation and rna cleavage. the commonly accepted molecular mechanism for riboswitch function proposes a ligand-dependent conformational switch between two mutually exclusive states. according to this mechanism, ligand binding to an aptamer domain induces an allosteric conformational switch of an expression platform, leading to activation or repression of ligand-related gene expression. ho ...201323842498
molecular typing of environmental and clinical strains of vibrio vulnificus isolated in the northeastern usa.vibrio vulnificus is a ubiquitous marine bacterium that is responsible for infections and some seafood-related illnesses and deaths in the united states, mainly in individuals with compromised health status in the gulf of mexico region. most phylogenetic studies focus on v. vulnificus strains isolated in the southern united states, but almost no genetic data are available on northeastern bacterial isolates of clinical or environmental origin. our goal in this study was to examine the genetic div ...201324386187
antibacterial activity of biosecur(®) citrus extract surface cleaner against vibrio vulnificus.this study evaluated the antibacterial activity of biosecur(®) citrus extract surface cleaner against vibrio vulnificus using plate count method. two concentrations, 0.5% and 2% of biosecur(®) surface cleaner were plated on vibrio vulnificus agar (vva) and tested for reduction of vibrio vulnificus. in order to investigate the lasting residual activity of biosecur(®), antibacterial activity tests were also performed at time intervals up to 2.5 h after biosecur(®) was plated on vva. biosecur(®) sh ...201324302976
molecular characterization and antibiotic susceptibility of vibrio vulnificus in retail shrimps in hangzhou, people's republic of china.vibrio vulnificus is a gram-negative bacterium that occurs naturally in estuarine and marine water and is associated with wound infections or septicemia related to the consumption of raw shellfish in humans. the molecular characteristics and antibiotic susceptibilities of v. vulnificus strains in shrimps from retail markets in hangzhou, people's republic of china, were investigated in this study. thirty-three samples were positive for v. vulnificus in 78 shrimp samples which were collected from ...201324290683
role of periplasmic binding proteins, fatb and vatd, in the vulnibactin utilization system of vibrio vulnificus m2799.vibrio vulnificus, an opportunistic marine bacterium that causes a serious, often fatal, infection in humans, requires iron for its pathogenesis. this bacterium uses iron from the environment via the vulnibactin-mediated-iron-uptake system. in this study, we constructed the deletion mutants of the genes encoding the proteins involved in the vulnibactin-mediated-iron-uptake system, isochorismate synthase (ics), vulnibactin utilization protein (vuub), periplasmic ferric-vulnibactin binding protein ...201324135791
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