Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| activities of ceftobiprole, a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin, against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. | ceftobiprole, a broad-spectrum pyrrolidinone-3-ylidenemethyl cephem currently in phase iii clinical trials, had mics between 0.008 microg/ml and 8.0 microg/ml for 321 clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae and between < or =0.004 microg/ml and 1.0 microg/ml for 49 clinical isolates of moraxella catarrhalis. ceftobiprole mic(50) and mic(90) values for h. influenzae were 0.06 microg/ml and 0.25 microg/ml for beta-lactamase-positive strains (n = 262), 0.03 microg/ml and 0.25 microg/ml for beta ... | 2006 | 16723565 |
| antibacterial activity of propolis and its active principles alone and in combination with macrolides, beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones against microorganisms responsible for respiratory infections. | propolis is produced by bees and is reported to have several pharmaceutical properties. its antibacterial activity against strains causing upper respiratory tract infections is particularly important: propolis might be used as a therapeutic agent to prevent the bacterial infections that sometimes overlap viral infections. in this study the in vitro activity of both an alcoholic solution and a hydroglyceric extract of propolis, as well as its active principles, was tested against bacteria respons ... | 2006 | 16736885 |
| in vitro activity of fluoroquinolones against common respiratory pathogens. | the treatment of respiratory infections is often empiric, necessitating the use of agents with a broad range of antimicrobial activity. the fluoroquinolones, having activity against common respiratory pathogens, fit this description. new fluoroquinolones have been developed in an attempt to improve the in vitro activity against a wide variety of respiratory tract pathogens. the objective of the study is to compare in vitro activity of newest fluoroquinolones, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin, with ... | 2006 | 16755812 |
| plasmid pww115, a cloning vector for use with moraxella catarrhalis. | the plasmid shuttle vector pww102b is able to replicate in only a modest number of moraxella catarrhalis strains. plasmid pww115, a spontaneous deletion mutant of pww102b, was shown to lack both the pacyc184-derived origin of replication and the associated chloramphenicol-resistance gene but was able to replicate in every m. catarrhalis strain tested in this study, including one strain that had been previously refractory to all types of genetic manipulations. to test the utility of this plasmid, ... | 2006 | 16757025 |
| community-acquired pneumonia in shanghai, china: microbial etiology and implications for empirical therapy in a prospective study of 389 patients. | the aim of this multicenter study was to identify the causative pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in shanghai, china, and to determine their susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. pathogens obtained from 389 patients with documented cap during 2001-2003 were identified by multiple diagnostic tools that included bacterial culture, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and specific immunological assays. susceptibility of the bacterial isolates was tested by the broth microdilution method ... | 2006 | 16767484 |
| frequency of recovery of pathogens causing acute maxillary sinusitis in adults before and after introduction of vaccination of children with the 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine. | the objective of the study was to compare the proportions of the recovery of pathogens of acute maxillary sinusitis in adults in the 4-year period prior to the 5-year period that followed the introduction of vaccination of children with the 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine (pcv7). cultures were obtained through endoscopy from 385 adults with acute maxillary sinusitis, 156 between 1997 and 2000, and 229 between 2001 and 2005. one hundred and seventeen potentially pathogenic organisms were isolated f ... | 2006 | 16772423 |
| in vitro activity of cefditoren: antimicrobial efficacy against major respiratory pathogens from asian countries. | in this study we evaluated the in vitro activities of cefditoren and 14 other comparator agents against 1025 isolates of major respiratory tract pathogens including streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, klebsiella pneumoniae and staphylococcus aureus. bacterial isolates were collected from 11 asian countries. the majority of s. pneumoniae isolates (98.8%) were susceptible to cefditoren. the mic(50) and mic(90) values (minimum inhibitory concentrations for 50% a ... | 2006 | 16777383 |
| microbial pathogens of adult community-acquired pneumonia in southern estonia. | prospective analysis of the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in 209 inpatients (mean age 56.2+/-11.2 years) was performed at the lung hospital of tartu university, estonia. majority of the patients (87.6%) had at least one significant modifying or risk factor and 30.6% had severe community-acquired pneumonia. streptococcus pneumoniae, beta-hemolytic streptococci, klebsiella pneumoniae, and moraxella catarrhalis were the most frequent pathogens (22.0, 12.2, 11.4, and 10.2%, respectively). ... | 2006 | 16778466 |
| beginning antibiotics for acute rhinosinusitis and choosing the right treatment. | acute bacterial sinusitis (abs) is an extremely common problem in both children and adults. there are three clinical presentations of acute sinusitis: (1) onset with persistent symptoms (nasal symptoms or cough or both for > 10 but < 30 d without evidence of improvement); (2) onset with severe symptoms (high fever and purulent nasal discharge for 3-4 consecutive days); and (3) onset with worsening symptoms (respiratory symptoms, with or without fever, which worsen after several days of improveme ... | 2006 | 16785586 |
| phylogenomic and biochemical characterization of three legionella pneumophila polypeptide deformylases. | legionella pneumophila is a gram-negative facultative intracellular human pathogen that can cause fatal legionnaires' disease. polypeptide deformylase (pdf) is a novel broad-spectrum antibacterial target, and reports of inhibitors of pdf with potent activities against l. pneumophila have been published previously. here, we report the identification of not one but three putative pdf genes, pdfa, pdfb, and pdfc, in the complete genome sequences of three strains of l. pneumophila. phylogenetic anal ... | 2006 | 16816197 |
| changes in pharyngeal aerobic microflora in oral breathers after palatal rapid expansion. | the purpose of this study was to investigate in oral breathing children the qualitative and quantitative effects on aerobic and facultatively anaerobic oropharyngeal microflora of respiratory function improved by rapid palatal expansion (rpe). | 2006 | 16426457 |
| synergistic effect of interleukin 1 alpha on nontypeable haemophilus influenzae-induced up-regulation of human beta-defensin 2 in middle ear epithelial cells. | we recently showed that beta-defensins have antimicrobial activity against nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) and that interleukin 1 alpha (il-1 alpha) up-regulates the transcription of beta-defensin 2 (defb4 according to new nomenclature of the human genome organization) in human middle ear epithelial cells via a src-dependent raf-mek1/2-erk signaling pathway. based on these observations, we investigated if human middle ear epithelial cells could release il-1 alpha upon exposure to a lys ... | 2006 | 16433908 |
| hyperglycaemia is associated with poor outcomes in patients admitted to hospital with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | hyperglycaemia is associated with poor outcomes from pneumonia, myocardial infarction and stroke, but the effect of blood glucose on outcomes from acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aecopd) has not been established. recent uk guidelines do not comment on measurement or control of blood glucose in aecopd. a study was therefore undertaken to determine the relationship between blood glucose concentrations, length of stay in hospital, and mortality in patients admitted wit ... | 2006 | 16449265 |
| nasopharyngeal versus oropharyngeal sampling for isolation of potential respiratory pathogens in adults. | the optimal methodology for the identification of colonization by potential respiratory pathogens (prp) in adults is not well established. the objectives of the present study were to compare the sensitivities of sampling the nasopharynx and the oropharynx for identification of prp colonization and to compare the sensitivities of samples from the nasopharynx by swab and by washing for the same purpose. the study included 500 participants with a mean age of 65.1 +/- 17.8 years. of these, 300 patie ... | 2006 | 16455908 |
| nasal middle meatal specimen bacteriology as a predictor of the course of acute respiratory infection in children. | to test our hypothesis that children with potentially pathogenic bacteria (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae or moraxella catarrhalis) in the nasal middle meatus might have more prolonged symptoms of acute respiratory infection than children without such bacteria, we conducted a prospective cohort study of such children. | 2006 | 16462285 |
| airway inflammation and bronchial bacterial colonization in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | inflammation is now recognized as an integral part of the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). in contrast to the sterile airways of normal lungs, bacterial pathogens are often isolated from the airways in stable copd. this "colonization" of the tracheobronchial tree, currently believed to be innocuous, could serve as an inflammatory stimulus, independent of current tobacco smoke exposure. objective: to test the hypothesis that bacterial colonization is associated with a ... | 2006 | 16474030 |
| moraxella catarrhalis stimulates the release of proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin e from human respiratory epithelial cells and monocyte-derived macrophages. | the outer membrane proteins of moraxella catarrhalis, a bacterial pathogen which causes disease in both children and adults, play an important role in its phenotypic properties. however, their proinflammatory potential with regard to respiratory epithelium and macrophages is unclear. to this end, we examined the cytokine- and mediator-inducing capacity of a heat-killed wild-type m. catarrhalis strain and a nonautoagglutinating mutant as well as their outer membrane proteins and secretory/excreto ... | 2006 | 16487301 |
| biofilm formation by moraxella catarrhalis in vitro: roles of the uspa1 adhesin and the hag hemagglutinin. | mutant analysis was used to identify moraxella catarrhalis gene products necessary for biofilm development in a crystal violet-based assay involving 24-well tissue culture plates. the wild-type m. catarrhalis strains that formed the most extensive biofilms in this system proved to be refractory to transposon mutagenesis, so an m. catarrhalis strain was constructed that was both able to form biofilms in vitro and amenable to transposon mutagenesis. chromosomal dna from the biofilm-positive strain ... | 2006 | 16495530 |
| binding of vitronectin by the moraxella catarrhalis uspa2 protein interferes with late stages of the complement cascade. | many moraxella catarrhalis strains are resistant to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum (nhs). the uspa2 protein of the serum-resistant strain o35e has previously been shown to be directly involved in conferring serum resistance on this strain. testing of 11 additional serum-resistant m. catarrhalis wild-type isolates and their uspa1 and uspa2 mutants showed that the uspa1 mutants of all 11 strains were consistently serum resistant and that the uspa2 mutants of these same 11 strains ... | 2006 | 16495531 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of respiratory tract pathogens in japan during protekt years 1-3 (1999-2002). | data are presented on antimicrobial resistance among isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae, streptoco-ccus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis collected in japan during years 1-3 (1999-2002) of the prospective resistant organism tracking and epidemiology for the ketolide telithromycin (protekt) surveillance study. in addition to the standard panel of protekt antimicrobial agents, eight other agents often used in japan also were tested against these isolates. the majority ( ... | 2006 | 16506084 |
| prospective surveillance for atypical pathogens in children with community-acquired pneumonia in japan. | a total of 141 children with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) were studied prospectively to determine the causative microorganisms. microbial investigations included examination of postnasal swabs, cultures, polymerase chain reaction (pcr), and serology. the atypical pathogens occurring most frequently were mycoplasma pneumoniae (58 patients [41.1%]), chlamydia pneumoniae (4 patients [2.8%]), and concurrent occurrence of both pathogens (1 patient [0.7%]). patients aged under 4 years showed a r ... | 2006 | 16506088 |
| emergence of vaccine-related pneumococcal serotypes as a cause of bacteremia. | the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) has decreased the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease among children in the united states. in the postlicensure period, the impact of non-pcv7 serotypes against pediatric pneumococcal bacteremia is unknown. | 2006 | 16511752 |
| microbiology of acute sinusitis in mexican patients. | acute bacterial sinusitis is a common disorder affecting children and adults. we performed a study to assess the bacteriology of acute sinusitis in a community hospital in mexico city. patients with an acute exacerbation of persistent sinusitis or acute sinusitis were enrolled. aspiration of sinus secretions was performed and aspirates were sent for culture. all patients received antibiotic treatment for the infection based on microbiologic sensitivity reports. follow-up consultation included en ... | 2006 | 16513492 |
| characteristics of streptococcus pseudopneumoniae isolated from purulent sputum samples. | streptococcus pseudopneumoniae is a recently described streptococcus that is phenotypically and genetically distinct from streptococcus pneumoniae and other viridans streptococci. key characteristics of s. pseudopneumoniae are the absence of a pneumococcal capsule, insolubility in bile, resistance or indeterminate susceptibility to optochin when incubated in 5% co2 but susceptibility to optochin when incubated in ambient air, and a positive reaction with the accuprobe dna probe hybridization tes ... | 2006 | 16517877 |
| high incidence of alloiococcus otitidis in children with otitis media, despite treatment with antibiotics. | acute otitis media (aom) and otitis media with effusion (ome) are common diseases in childhood. alloiococcus otitidis is a newly recognized species of gram-positive bacterium which was recently discovered as a pathogen associated with ome. although some studies show that a. otitidis is frequently detected in children with ome, no study is available concerning the clinical efficiency of antibiotics against this organism. the prevalence of a. otitidis in 116 middle ear effusion specimens from 36 a ... | 2006 | 16517881 |
| [bacteria isolated from chronic upper and lower respiratory tract infections and the associated therapeutic strategies--in paranasal sinusitis]. | nasal sinusitis, tonsillitis, and pharyngolaryngitis typify upper respiratory tract infections, while bronchitis and pneumonia typify lower respiratory tract infections. cases of paranasal sinusitis with severe suppuration are reportedly becoming less frequent, while those of chronic catarrhal paranasal sinusitis and edematous allergic paranasal sinusitis are becoming more so, the primary factor in paranasal sinusitis, a typical infectious disease encountered in otolaryngology, is bacterial infe ... | 2006 | 16519120 |
| bacterial etiology of acute otitis media and clinical efficacy of amoxicillin-clavulanate versus azithromycin. | acute otitis media (aom) is one of the most common acute bacterial infection in childhood and also the most frequent reason for outpatient antibiotic therapy. little recent information about susceptibility patterns of aom bacterial pathogens in turkish children has been reported. | 2006 | 16293317 |
| the igd-binding domain of the moraxella igd-binding protein mid (mid962-1200) activates human b cells in the presence of t cell cytokines. | moraxella catarrhalis immunoglobulin d (igd)-binding protein (mid) is an outer membrane protein with specific affinity for soluble and cell-bound human igd. here, we demonstrate that mutated m. catarrhalis strains devoid of mid show a 75% decreased activation of human b cells as compared with wild-type bacteria. in contrast to mid-expressing moraxella, the mid-deficient moraxella mutants did not bind to human cd19+ igd+ b cells. the smallest mid fragment with preserved igd-binding capacity compr ... | 2006 | 16301327 |
| alpha1-antitrypsin inhibits moraxella catarrhalis mid protein-induced tonsillar b cell proliferation and il-6 release. | alpha1-antitrypsin (aat) is a major circulating and tissues inhibitor of serine proteinases implicated in the regulation of inflammation and host defence. there is now increasing evidence that aat may also exhibit anti-inflammatory activities independent of its protease inhibitor function. this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of native (inhibitory) and polymerized (non-inhibitory) forms of aat on mid (moraxella igd binding protein)-induced human tonsillar b cell activation in vit ... | 2006 | 16214222 |
| comparative in vitro activities of retapamulin (sb-275833) against 141 clinical isolates of propionibacterium spp., including 117 p. acnes isolates. | using the nccls agar dilution method, we studied the in vitro activity of retapamulin (sb-275833) against 141 clinical isolates of propionibacterium species, including seven multiresistant strains, and found retapamulin to be the most active agent among those tested with mics of < or = 1 microg/ml against all isolates. | 2006 | 16377717 |
| different modes of action of naphthyridones in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | naphthyridones that were recently described as a class of translation inhibitors in gram-positive bacteria mediate their mode of action via gyra in haemophilus influenzae and escherichia coli. these are the first examples of compounds in which modes of action in different bacterial pathogens are mediated through widely different targets. | 2006 | 16377719 |
| faster identification of pathogens in positive blood cultures by fluorescence in situ hybridization in routine practice. | rapid identification of microorganisms in blood cultures is required to optimize empirical treatment at an early stage. fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) can reduce the time to identification of microorganisms in growth-positive blood cultures. in this study, we evaluated the performance, time to identification, and potential clinical benefits of fish compared to those of conventional culture methods in routine practice. after gram staining, blood culture fluids were simultaneously furth ... | 2006 | 16390958 |
| pharmacologic characteristics of prulifloxacin. | prulifloxacin, the prodrug of ulifloxacin, is a broad-spectrum oral fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent. after absorption, prulifloxacin is metabolized by esterases to ulifloxacin. the drug has a long elimination half-life, allowing once-daily administration. in vitro, ulifloxacin is generally more active than other fluoroquinolones against a variety of clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria, including community and nosocomial isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus, providen ... | 2006 | 16360331 |
| fusobacterium nucleatum transports noninvasive streptococcus cristatus into human epithelial cells. | analysis of human buccal epithelial cells frequently reveals an intracellular polymicrobial consortium of bacteria. although several oral bacteria have been demonstrated to invade cultured epithelial cells, several others appear unable to internalize. we hypothesized that normally noninvasive bacteria may gain entry into epithelial cells via adhesion to invasive bacteria. fusobacterium nucleatum is capable of binding to and invading oral epithelial cells. by contrast, streptococcus cristatus bin ... | 2006 | 16369022 |
| presence of viral and bacterial pathogens in the nasopharynx of otitis-prone children. a prospective study. | the purpose of the present study was to examine and follow up the presence of respiratory viral and bacterial pathogens in the nasopharynx of otitis-prone children during the cold season and compare the findings with the child's respiratory symptoms. | 2006 | 16198005 |
| antibiotic resistance patterns among respiratory pathogens at a german university children's hospital over a period of 10 years. | growing antimicrobial resistance among streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis is raising major concern worldwide. strains of s. pneumoniae, h. influenzae and m. catarrhalis isolated from children with respiratory tract as well as invasive infection in a south-western region of germany between 1993 and 2002 were tested for susceptibility to common antibiotics including penicillins, cephalosporins and macrolides. a total of 2,362 s. pneumoniae, 2,501 h. influenz ... | 2006 | 16133241 |
| trends in antibiotic resistance of respiratory tract pathogens in children in geneva, switzerland. | bacteria increasingly resistant to antibiotics are a major treatment concern of respiratory tract pathogens in children. the aim of this study was to assess the trends of resistance of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis to several classes of antibiotics in children<16 years of age and to compare its prevalence with surrounding countries. we studied retrospectively the susceptibility of respiratory tract pathogens isolated from specimens collected from pati ... | 2006 | 16133242 |
| development of a shuttle vector for moraxella catarrhalis. | efforts to perform genetic analysis in moraxella catarrhalis have been hampered by the lack of a cloning vector. m. catarrhalis strain e22 was previously shown to contain plasmid plq510 which lacked a selectable antibiotic resistance marker. several methods were used to eliminate unnecessary dna from plq510. then, a 1.2 kb spectinomycin resistance cartridge, a multiple cloning site, and the origin of replication from pacyc184 were cloned into this plasmid backbone to obtain the 7.2 kb plasmid pw ... | 2006 | 16188314 |
| adhesion of moraxella catarrhalis to human bronchial epithelium characterized by a novel fluorescence-based assay. | moraxella catarrhalis is a major cause of infectious exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease. adhesion of this pathogen to epithelial cells is critical for its pathogenicity. although much work has been done on identifying surface molecules of m. catarrhalis as adhesins, several adhesion assays were used in these studies which has never been validated or compared to each other. in the present study, we have examined the capacity of m. catarrhalis to adhere to different human epithelial ... | 2006 | 16059698 |
| bacterial activation of mast cells. | mast cells often are found in a perivascular location but especially in mucosae, where they may response to various stimuli. they typically associate with immediate hypersensitive responses and are likely to play a critical role in host defense. in this chapter, a common airway pathogen, moraxella catarrhalis, and a commensal bacterium, neiserria cinerea, are used to illustrate activation of human mast cells. a human mast cell line (hmc-1) derived from a patient with mast cell leukemia was activ ... | 2006 | 16110171 |
| bacteriology of chronic sinusitis and acute exacerbation of chronic sinusitis. | to establish the microbiological characteristics of acute exacerbation of chronic sinusitis (aecs). | 2006 | 17043258 |
| discrepancy between antibiotics administered in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and susceptibility of isolated pathogens in respiratory samples: multicentre study in the primary care setting. | a national multicentre prevalence study was undertaken to determine the bacterial strains associated with mild-to-moderate acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb) in the primary care setting and the susceptibility of isolated pathogens to different antimicrobials usually prescribed to these patients. all samples were processed by a central reference laboratory. microdilution tests were carried out to establish the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of various antimicrobials. a doubl ... | 2006 | 17046209 |
| tonsillar microbial flora: a comparison of infected and non-infected tonsils. | the main objective of this study was to find out the most common organism affecting the tonsils in recurrent tonsillitis. | 2006 | 18603861 |
| european academy of paediatrics, barcelona, spain, october 7-10, 2006. abstracts. | 2006 | 17242961 | |
| protein-translocating trimeric autotransporters of gram-negative bacteria. | 2006 | 16885434 | |
| telithromycin in the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and community-acquired pneumonia. | acute bacterial sinusitis (abs), acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb), and community-acquired pneumonia (cap) are common conditions and constitute a substantial socioeconomic burden. the ketolides are a new class of antibacterials with a targeted spectrum of antibacterial activity. in vitro, telithromycin is active against common bacterial pathogens that cause upper and lower respiratory tract infections, including some isolates that are resistant to other antibiotic classes. in 2004 ... | 2006 | 18360582 |
| tigecycline (tygacil): the first in the glycylcycline class of antibiotics. | 2006 | 16609746 | |
| detection of coccidioides species in clinical specimens by real-time pcr. | coccidioides spp. are dimorphic fungal pathogens endemic to the semiarid regions of north, central, and south america. currently, direct smear and culture are the most common means of identifying coccidioides spp. while these methods offer relatively sensitive and specific means of detecting coccidioides spp., growth in culture may take up to 3 weeks, potentially delaying the diagnosis and initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy. in addition, growth of the organism represents a significant ... | 2006 | 17108077 |
| detection of coccidioides species in clinical specimens by real-time pcr. | coccidioides spp. are dimorphic fungal pathogens endemic to the semiarid regions of north, central, and south america. currently, direct smear and culture are the most common means of identifying coccidioides spp. while these methods offer relatively sensitive and specific means of detecting coccidioides spp., growth in culture may take up to 3 weeks, potentially delaying the diagnosis and initiation of appropriate antifungal therapy. in addition, growth of the organism represents a significant ... | 2006 | 17108077 |
| pharmacological treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | none of the drugs currently available for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) are able to reduce the progressive decline in lung function which is the hallmark of this disease. smoking cessation is the only intervention that has proved effective. the current pharmacological treatment of copd is symptomatic and is mainly based on bronchodilators, such as selective beta2-adrenergic agonists (short- and long-acting), anticholinergics, theophylline, or a combination of these drugs. glucocor ... | 2006 | 18044097 |
| newer fluoroquinolones in the treatment of acute exacerbations of copd. | acute exacerbations of copd are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. bacteria are implicated in about half of all cases. the frequency of exacerbations is related to decline in lung function and poorer quality of life. 25% of patients with copd have bacterial colonization of the lower airways in stable state whereas non-smokers without copd have airways that are sterile. the significance of the colonization is unclear, but there is emerging evidence that it may be detrimental. much of the d ... | 2006 | 18046861 |
| immunoglobulins and complement factor c4 in adult rhinosinusitis. | we assessed whether complement and its factor c4 or abnormal immunoglobulin levels are associated with chronic or recurrent rhinosinusitis. we used multiple patient and control groups to obtain clinically meaningful data. adult chronic or recurrent rhinosinusitis and acute purulent rhinosinusitis patients were compared with unselected adults and controls without previous rhinosinusitis. associated clinical factors were reviewed. levels of immunoglobulins, plasma c3, c4 and classical pathway haem ... | 2006 | 16879240 |
| association of cd14 promoter polymorphism with otitis media and pneumococcal vaccine responses. | innate immunity is of particular importance for protection against infection during early life, when adaptive immune responses are immature. cd14 plays key roles in innate immunity, including in defense against pathogens associated with otitis media, a major pediatric health care issue. the t allele of the cd14 c-159t polymorphism has been associated with increased serum cd14 levels. our objective was to investigate the hypothesis that the cd14 c-159t allele is protective against recurrent acute ... | 2006 | 16893989 |
| abc of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. acute exacerbations. | 2006 | 16825232 | |
| copd exacerbations.5: management. | a review of the most relevant evidence based therapeutic options currently available for the management of exacerbations of copd. | 2006 | 16738044 |
| new antimicrobial agents approved by the u.s. food and drug administration in 2005 and new indications for previously approved agents. | 2006 | 16641478 | |
| capsaicin cough sensitivity in bronchiectasis. | bronchiectasis is a suppurative airway disease characterised by persistent cough and sputum production associated with bronchial dilatation. a study was undertaken to determine whether cough sensitivity is increased in bronchiectatic patients. | 2006 | 16601085 |
| copd exacerbations . 2: aetiology. | exacerbations of copd are thought to be caused by complex interactions between the host, bacteria, viruses, and environmental pollution. these factors increase the inflammatory burden in the lower airways, overwhelming the protective anti-inflammatory defences leading to tissue damage. frequent exacerbations are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, a faster decline in lung function, and poorer health status, so prevention or optimal treatment of exacerbations is a global priority. ... | 2006 | 16517585 |
| treating acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and community-acquired pneumonia: how effective are respiratory fluoroquinolones? | to provide family physicians with a review of evidence supporting fluoroquinolone therapy for defined patient populations with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb) and community-acquired pneumonia (cap). | 2006 | 17279183 |
| bronchoscopic validation of the significance of sputum purulence in severe exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | antibiotics are commonly prescribed in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). however, the role of bacteria in these exacerbations is controversial. | 2006 | 16928715 |
| bronchoscopic validation of the significance of sputum purulence in severe exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | antibiotics are commonly prescribed in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). however, the role of bacteria in these exacerbations is controversial. | 2006 | 16928715 |
| determinants of short and long term functional recovery after hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly: role of inflammatory markers. | hospitalization for older patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is associated with functional decline. little is know about the relationship between inflammatory markers and determinants of functional status in this population. the aim of the study is to investigate the association between tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, c-reactive protein (crp) and activities of daily living, and to identify risk factors associated with one year mortality or hospital readmission. | 2006 | 16899118 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of dw-224a, a new fluoronaphthyridone. | dw-224a showed the most potent in vitro activity among the quinolone compounds tested against clinical isolates of gram-positive bacteria. against gram-negative bacteria, dw-224a was slightly less active than the other fluoroquinolones. the in vivo activities of dw-224a against gram-positive bacteria were more potent than those of other quinolones. | 2006 | 16723601 |
| tigecycline: an evidence-based review of its antibacterial activity and effectiveness in complicated skin and soft tissue and intraabdominal infections. | there is an urgent need for novel agents to manage serious bacterial infections, particularly those contracted in healthcare facilities. tigecycline is a novel broad-spectrum glycylcycline with good activity against gram-positive, many gram-negative, anaerobic, and some atypical pathogens that has been developed to address this need. | 2006 | 22500153 |
| surveillance bronchoscopy in children during the first year after lung transplantation: is it worth it? | since january 2002, routine surveillance bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and transbronchial biopsy has been performed in all paediatric recipients of lung and heart-lung transplants at the great ormond street hospital for children, london, uk, using a newly revised treatment protocol. | 2006 | 16928706 |
| surveillance bronchoscopy in children during the first year after lung transplantation: is it worth it? | since january 2002, routine surveillance bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and transbronchial biopsy has been performed in all paediatric recipients of lung and heart-lung transplants at the great ormond street hospital for children, london, uk, using a newly revised treatment protocol. | 2006 | 16928706 |
| evaluation of the merlin micronaut system for rapid direct susceptibility testing of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli from positive blood cultures. | bloodstream infections are life-threatening conditions which require the timely initiation of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. we evaluated the automated merlin micronaut system for rapid direct microtiter broth antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ast) of gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli from bactec 9240 bottles with positive blood cultures in comparison to the standard method for the merlin micronaut system. this prospective study was conducted under routine working conditions ... | 2007 | 17202283 |
| treatment of community-acquired pneumonia, with special emphasis on gemifloxacin. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is the cause of substantial morbidity, mortality, and resource utilization worldwide. when choosing an antimicrobial, effective treatment depends on proper patient evaluation and the identification of numerous risk factors, such as recent antibiotic exposure or the presence of comorbidity. patients without any risk factor should be treated effectively with a narrow spectrum beta-lactam agent, like amoxicillin, or a macrolide. if a risk factor is present, agents ... | 2007 | 18488076 |
| diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of clinical and laboratory parameters in community-acquired pneumonia. | community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is the most frequent infection-related cause of death. the reference standard to diagnose cap is a new infiltrate on chest radiograph in the presence of recently acquired respiratory signs and symptoms. this study aims to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of clinical signs and symptoms and laboratory biomarkers for cap. | 2007 | 17335562 |
| acute otitis media during the first two years of life in a rural community in bangladesh: a prospective cohort study. | the study investigated the burden of acute otitis media (aom) during the first two years of life in a cohort of 252 newborns in rural bangladesh using data collected on occurrences of aom. trained community health workers (chws) conducted household surveillance and picked up cases of aom using the study algorithm. the incidence rate was 0.9 episodes per child-year observed. forty-six percent (n=115) of the 252 subjects developed aom: 36% (n=91) during the first year of life and 10% (n=24) during ... | 2007 | 18402184 |
| pathogen-directed therapy in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) are important events in the natural history of this chronic lung disorder. these events can be caused by a large number of infectious and noninfectious agents and are associated with an increased local and systemic inflammatory response. their frequency and severity have been linked to progressive deterioration in lung function and health status. infectious pathogens ranging from viral to atypical and typical bacteria have been ... | 2007 | 18073397 |
| acute otitis media. | 2007 | 18077757 | |
| antibiotics for respiratory tract infections in primary care. | 2007 | 17947743 | |
| canadian thoracic society recommendations for management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - 2007 update. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) is a major respiratory illness in canada that is both preventable and treatable. our understanding of the pathophysiology of this complex condition continues to grow and our ability to offer effective treatment to those who suffer from it has improved considerably. the purpose of the present educational initiative of the canadian thoracic society (cts) is to provide up to date information on new developments in the field so that patients with this con ... | 2007 | 17885691 |
| a canadian perspective on the american academy of pediatrics guidelines for acute otitis media. | 2007 | 19030431 | |
| recognition, clinical diagnosis and management of patients with primary antibody deficiencies: a systematic review. | the primary purpose of this systematic review was to produce an evidence-based review of the literature as a means of informing current clinical practice in the recognition, diagnosis and management of patients with suspected primary antibody deficiency. randomized controlled trials (rcts) were identified from a search of medline, embase, the cochrane library, dare (crd website) and cinahl by combining the search strategies with the cochrane collaboration's validated rct filter. in addition, oth ... | 2007 | 17565605 |
| otitis media in children (acute). | in the uk, about 30% of children under 3 years of age visit their gps each year with acute otitis media (aom), and 97% of these receive antibiotics. in the usa, aom is the most common reason for outpatient antibiotic treatment. without antibiotics, aom resolves within 24 hours in about 60% of children, and within 3 days in about 80% of children. | 2007 | 19454120 |
| innate immune control of pulmonary dendritic cell trafficking. | dendritic cells (dc) are potent antigen-presenting cells that are essential for initiating adaptive immune responses. residing within the airway mucosa, pulmonary dc continually sample the antigenic content of inhaled air and migrate to draining lymph nodes, where they present these antigens to naive t cells. the migratory patterns of pulmonary dc are highly dependent upon inflammatory conditions in the lung. under steady-state, or non-inflammatory, conditions, pulmonary dc undergo slow but cons ... | 2007 | 17607005 |
| 10-minute consultation: sinusitis. | 2007 | 17540947 | |
| acute rhinosinusitis in adults: an update on current management. | acute rhinosinusitis is a common disease with worldwide prevalence. it is a significant burden on the health services. it is most commonly caused by viruses and is self-limiting in nature. the diagnosis of acute rhinosinusitis is clinical and sinus radiography is not indicated routinely. most cases of acute rhinosinusitis are treated symptomatically. however, symptoms may persist beyond 10 days when secondary bacterial infection prevails. antibiotics are reserved for moderate or severe cases or ... | 2007 | 17551072 |
| effector t lymphocytes in well-nourished and malnourished infected children. | the mechanisms involved in impaired immunity in malnourished children are not well understood. cd4(+) cd62l(-) and cd8(+) cd28(-) do not express the naive cell markers cd62l and cd28, suggesting that they function as effector t cells. using a flow cytometry-based analysis we examined the proportions of cd4(+) cd62l(-) and cd8(+) cd28(-) t cell subsets in well-nourished infected (wni) and malnourished infected (mni) children. here we report that wni children had a higher percentage of cd4(+) cd62 ... | 2007 | 17362263 |
| what is new in otitis media? | the "wait and see" approach in acute otitis media (aom), consisting of postponing the antibiotic administration for a few days, has been advocated mainly to counteract the increased bacterial resistance in respiratory infections. this approach is not justified in children less than 2 years of age and this for several reasons. first, aom is an acute inflammation of the middle ear caused in about 70% of cases by bacteria. redness and bulging of the tympanic membrane are characteristic findings in ... | 2007 | 17364173 |
| prulifloxacin: a brief review of its potential in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. | exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), and their impact on public health is increasing. the new fluoroquinolones have an excellent spectrum providing cover for the most important respiratory pathogens, including atypical and "typical" pathogens. not surprisingly, different guidelines have inserted these agents among the drugs of choice in the empirical therapy of aecb. the pharmacokine ... | 2007 | 18044063 |
| single-dose azithromycin microsphere formulation: a novel delivery system for antibiotics. | azithromycin extended release (zmax, pfizer inc) is a novel single-dose administration formulation of azithromycin which won fda approval in june 2005 and is currently approved for the treatment of community acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial sinusitis. azitromycin is incorporated into sustained-release microspheres which release the drug slowly through 200 microm pores. because of this sustained release mechanism, most of the drug is released into the lower gastrointestinal tract, reducing ... | 2007 | 17722506 |
| sinusitis and its management. | 2007 | 17303885 | |
| nursing home-associated pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia: the contribution of dental biofilms and periodontal inflammation. | 2007 | 17474932 | |
| pneumonia caused by moraxella catarrhalis in haematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. report of two cases and review of the literature. | moraxella catarrhalis is a gram negative diplococcus that causes a variety of upper and lower respiratory tract infections. patients with malignant, hematological disorders treated with intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy, and recipients of various forms of haematopoietic stem cell transplant receiving immunosuppressive agents are at high risk of developing severe infections and septic complications. early detection of the organism and prompt treatment with appropriate antibiotics provide both reso ... | 2007 | 21503215 |
| genetic requirement for pneumococcal ear infection. | ear infection or otitis media (om) accounts for most bacterial respiratory infections in children in both developed and developing nations. streptococcus pneumoniae, nontypeable haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis are the major om pathogens. however, little is known about the genetic basis of bacterial om largely due to practical difficulties in conducting research in ear infection models and genetically manipulating clinical isolates. here, we report the first genome-scale in vivo ... | 2007 | 18670623 |
| tigecycline in the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal and complicated skin and skin structure infections. | tigecycline, a glycylcycline related to the tetracycline class of antibiotics, represents a new option for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal and complicated skin and skin structure infections. it displays favorable activity in vitro against the most common causative gram-positive, gram-negative and anaerobic pathogens. in addition, tigecycline demonstrates activity against drug-resistant pathogens such as methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, a ... | 2007 | 18516315 |
| current progress of adhesins as vaccine candidates for moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is an emerging pathogen and all isolates are now considered beta-lactamase producing. potential further use of vaccines against streptococcus pneumoniae and nontypeable haemophilus influenzae means that m. catarrhalis might be thrust further into the limelight. however, a vaccine has not yet been designed. in this review, the progress of m. catarrhalis adhesins as vaccine candidates is discussed with a focus on various candidate antigens that spanned those discovered more t ... | 2007 | 18377357 |
| plasmid mediated antibiotic resistance in marine bacteria. | this research work was conducted in uppanar estuary to ascertain the role of plasmids in the antibiotic resistance of bacteria. water and sediment samples were collected for a period of three months. when tested against 20 antibiotics 22 mar strains were isolated from the samples, which were found resistant to 5-13 antibiotics. they belong to 7 genera and 10 species. gram-negative bacteria namely neisseria mucosa, n. sicca, branhamella catarrhalis, klebsiella ozaenae, citrobacterintermedius, pse ... | 2007 | 18380085 |
| factors associated with the presence of drug-resistant bacteria and recurrent acute otitis media in children--a study in a private clinic. | the proportion of drug-resistant bacteria was lower than previous reports. in children with acute otitis media (aom), lower age, presence of multiple bacteria, and otitis media with effusion (ome) represented significant factors for recurrent aom and the presence of drug-resistant bacteria. | 2007 | 18340553 |
| drug forecast - the peptide deformylase inhibitors as antibacterial agents. | the relatively rapid development of microbial resistance after the entry of every new antimicrobial into the marketplace necessitates a constant supply of new agents to maintain effective pharmacotherapy. despite extensive efforts to identify novel lead compounds from molecular targets, only the peptide deformylase inhibitors (pdis) have shown any real promise, with some advancing to phase i human trials. bacterial peptide deformylase, which catalyzes the removal of the n-formyl group from n-ter ... | 2007 | 18472972 |
| moraxella catarrhalis is internalized in respiratory epithelial cells by a trigger-like mechanism and initiates a tlr2- and partly nod1-dependent inflammatory immune response. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important pathogen in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (copd). while m. catarrhalis has been categorized as an extracellular bacterium so far, the potential to invade human respiratory epithelium has not yet been explored. our results obtained by electron and confocal microscopy demonstrated a considerable potential of m. catarrhalis to invade bronchial epithelial (beas-2b) cells, type ii pneumocytes (a549) and primary small airway epithelial cells (saec ... | 2007 | 17054439 |
| [efficacy and safety of potassium clavulanate/amoxicillin (clavamox) dry syrup in children with otitis media]. | to evaluate the efficacy and safety of clavamox dry syrup (potassium clavulanate/amoxicillin) in children with otitis media, we conducted a postmarketing surveillance from february to september 2006. the analysis was made on the basis of 470 survey sheets collected from 127 medical institutions, of which we investigated 455 cases for safety, and 433 cases for efficacy. the efficacy was 95.2% in the 433 subjects eligible for the efficacy analysis. the clinical improvement rates for major symptoms ... | 2007 | 18018419 |
| species-specific evolution of immune receptor tyrosine based activation motif-containing ceacam1-related immune receptors in the dog. | although the impact of pathogens on the evolution of the mammalian immune system is still under debate, proteins, which both regulate immune responses and serve as cellular receptors for pathogens should be at the forefront of pathogen-driven host evolution. the cea (carcinoembryonic antigen) gene family codes for such proteins and indeed shows tremendous species-specific variation between human and rodents. since little is known about the cea gene family in other lineages of placental mammals, ... | 2007 | 17945019 |
| global and local variations in antimicrobial susceptibilities and resistance development in the major respiratory pathogens. | acute respiratory tract infections, such as bacterial pneumonia and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, have been identified by the world health organisation as the leading global infectious cause of death. an increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance has been identified worldwide in the three major bacterial respiratory pathogens -streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis and haemophilus influenzae. the selection and spread of resistance is to some degree inevitable and the im ... | 2007 | 17945468 |
| postoperative pneumonia after major pulmonary resections: an unsolved problem in thoracic surgery. | antibiotics currently recommended for prophylaxis in thoracic surgery are first-generation and second-generation cephalosporins. despite this prophylaxis, postoperative pneumonia after major pulmonary resections remains frequent and severe. however, in the medical literature, the origin of these infections is poorly documented. | 2007 | 17954082 |
| staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis: a meta-analysis. | acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is a common health problem in the united states. appropriate recommendations for the treatment of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis are based on the prevalence and expected antimicrobial susceptibilities of specific pathogens. | 2007 | 17968816 |
| the clinical development and launch of amoxicillin/clavulanate for the treatment of a range of community-acquired infections. | by the 1960s and 1970s, problems in the antibacterial treatment of infections had begun to emerge. previously active antibacterials were being compromised by the development of resistance. beta-lactamase production was identified in isolates of staphylococci, and, amongst others, in escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. the discovery of the potent beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid, and its protective effect on amoxicillin, a semi-synthetic ... | 2007 | 17997283 |