Publications

lyme disease seroprevalence in a region of central italy.	the present study reports the seroprevalence of igg antibodies to b. burgdorferi by testing sera from volunteer blood donors in latium, a region of central italy. all samples were tested by elisa and the positive samples were assayed by western blotting as a confirmatory test. a positivity rate of 4.3% was recorded by elisa, while after the confirmatory test by western blotting the positivity rate decreased to 1.5%. the presence of significant antibody titers to b. burgdorferi in the sera of hea ...	1995	8590392
intraspecific variation in small-subunit rrna sequences in genbank: why single sequences may not adequately represent prokaryotic taxa.	small-subunit rrna (ssu rrna) sequencing is a powerful tool to detect, identify, and classify prokaryotic organisms, and there is currently an explosion of ssu rrna sequencing in the microbiology community. we report unexpectedly high levels of intraspecific variation (within and between strains) of prokaryote ssu rrna sequences deposited in genbank. a total of 82% of the prokaryote species with two published ssu rrna sequences had more variable positions than a 0.1% random sequencing error woul ...	1995	8590690
reactivity of white-footed mouse and raccoon sera to whole cell and recombinant antigens of borrelia burgdorferi.	serum samples were collected from white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) and raccoons (procyon lotor) during 1983, 1984, and 1990 through 1993 in connecticut (usa) and were tested in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) against whole cell borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (strain 2591) and the following recombinant antigens of this spirochete: p41-g (an immunogenic epitope of flagellin), outer surface protein (osp)a, and ospb. antibodies were most frequently detected when whole cell anti ...	1995	8592354
ear biopsy location influences detection of borrelia burgdorferi by pcr, but not by culture in naturally infected peromyscus leucopus.	we determined if the ear biopsy location affected detection of borrelia burgdorferi when either culture or the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used among 50 white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus), live-captured in a lyme disease enzootic area in maryland (usa) between march and october of 1991 and 1992. the infection status of individual mice was determined by organ culture; ear biopsy samples were obtained from the peripheral and central part of the ear for detection of b. burgdorferi by c ...	1995	8592355
experimental infection of the red-backed vole (clethrionomys gapperi) with borrelia burgdorferi.	red-backed voles (clethrionomys gapperi) were live trapped in northern st. louis county, minnesota (usa), in late september and october 1988 and experimentally inoculated with borrelia burgdorferi. spirochetes were isolated from most animals 14 and 28 days following inoculation. thus, red-backed voles exposed to b. burgdorferi were susceptible to infection and could be a reservoir host, along with chipmunks (tamias striatus) and other small rodents, in areas where white-footed mouse (peromyscus ...	1995	8592371
is the small mammal (clethrionomys glareolus) or the tick vector (ixodes ricinus) the primary overwintering reservoir for the lyme borreliosis spirochete in sweden?	we determined the capacity of bank voles (clethrionomys glareolus) to infect feeding ixodes ricinus ticks with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (infectivity), during june to october 1991 and june to september 1992 in south-central sweden. in both years, the infectivity of older voles to ticks was higher in august to september (48% to 59%) than in june to july (20% to 32%). we propose that the infectivity of bank vole populations in sweden decreases during winter and spring due to death of highly ...	1995	8592387
louse-borne relapsing fever and its treatment.		1995	8592762
[electron microscopic detection of spirochetes in dermatitis digitalis of cattle].	in typical dermatitis digitalis (d.d.) lesions, spirochaete-like bacteria with variations in spiralization were revealed by electron microscopy. while, in the early stages of the disease, these are found to be associated with fibrillar material of keratocytes, they occur massively in vacuoles at more advanced stages. the spirochaetes carry one pair of endoflagella, originating with a hook from the poles of the bacteria. these flagellae are composed of coiled flagellating fibrils in the pole regi ...	1995	8592909
[the activity of cyfluthrin and cypermethrin-based preparations against the vector of the causative agent of tick-borne relapsing fever].	laboratory tests have established a high activity and long-term persistence of some cipermethrin isomers (fendone, fastac) and cifluthrin (zolfac) against the tick ornithodoros papillipes, a carrier of tick-borne relapsing fever. these indices are considerably superior to those of an isomer mixture of cipermethrin (cimbush, ripkord). this can be applied to deltamethrin and cigalothrin. the findings suggest that these agents are highly promising in controlling the carrier of tick-borne relapsing ...	1995	8596517
[lyme borreliosis: epidemiologic and etiopathogenic aspects].		1995	8519838
[the frequency of generalized infection in adult fasting ticks of the genus ixodes in foci of borreliosis in russia and the usa].	a total of 740 adult ixodes persulcatus ticks were collected from the vegetation by flagging in russian foci where borrelia afzelii and b. garinii circulate, and 156 i. dammini ticks were collected in northwestern usa regions in foci with b. burgdorferi s.str. circulation. smears prepared from the internal organs of ticks were stained according to romanovsky-giemsa and analyzed under a microscope at a x 1125 magnification. all borreliae in 250 microscopic fields were counted, and concentration o ...	1995	8524615
two geographically distinct isolates of borrelia burgdorferi from the united states share a common unique ancestor.	the genetic diversity of borrelia burgdorferi isolates from several geographic regions was evaluated by nucleotide sequence analysis of the genes encoding 23s ribosomal rna and outer surface protein a. comparison of nucleotide sequences spanning 738 bp of the 23s ribosomal dna from two unusual isolates, dn127 (del norte county, california) and 25015 (millbrook, new york), to homologous sequences from other b. burgdorferi isolates from the united states and russia identified several nucleotide se ...	1995	8525058
[value of molecular biology methods for diagnosis in bacteriology].	progress in molecular biology has led to the development of new tools for bacteriological diagnosis. sporadic genes coding for virulence factors can be detected with highly specific genetic probes applied to cultured bacteria. such genetic probes can also be used to specifically identified cultured bacteria whose general taxonomic classification is known. another advantage of molecular genetics is the possibility that the cell culture step may not be needed, bacteria being identified directly in ...	1995	8526414
a role for t cells in the pathogenesis of treatment-resistant lyme arthritis.		1995	8529115
[isolated lymphadenopathy as manifestation of the early stage of lyme borreliosis].	the paper reports 4 cases of early lyme borreliosis which presented as lymphadenopathy at the site of the tick bite. erythema migrans and dissemination of infection were absent. the diagnosis was verified via diagnostic titer of antibodies to borrelia. administration of antibiotics at the stage of lymphadenopathy contributed to better prognosis. one patient did not receive antibacterial treatment in acute disease and had progression with infection dissemination. regional lymphadenopathy may serv ...	1995	8691779
[tick-borne diseases].	in poland since 1992 there is a rapid increase in the incidence of lyme borreliosis and arboviral encephalitis. the role of ticks in spread of this diseases is discussed. the clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of the lyme disease, tick encephalitis tularemia and babesiosis are discussed.	1995	8692591
t cell response to borrelia garinii, borrelia afzelii, and borrelia japonica in various congenic mouse strains.	the infectivity and t cell response to borrelia garinii sika2, borrelia afzelii bfox, and borrelia japonica 0612, the organisms that cause lyme disease in japan, were examined in various inbred and congenic strains of mice. infectivity differed among the species: b. garinii sika2 and b. afzelii bfox were each able to infect 90% to 100% of c3h/he mice; b. japonica 0612 was able to infect only 20% of c3h/he mice. the pattern of infectivity to various inbred and congenic strains of mice may influen ...	1995	8789051
evidence for lateral transfer and recombination in ospc variation in lyme disease borrelia.	the ospc gene was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction from each of 76 lyme disease borrelia strains. restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis demonstrated 33 distinct rflp types; two additional rflp types were identified from published ospc sequences. for each rflp type, at least one ospc gene was sequenced and the degree of sequence relatedness examined by construction of an ospc gene tree. the genes were extremely diverse, with sequence identity ranging from 74.4% to 99. ...	1995	8709845
borreliosis as a cause of sudden deafness and vestibular neuritis in sweden.	twenty-one patients with unilateral sudden deafness and 16 patients with vestibular neuritis, all with typical clinical history and findings, were investigated for a possible borrelia-cause. only one patient, a patient with vestibular neuritis, had evidence of active borreliosis in terms of high antibody-titers in csf, increased cell count and disturbed albumin ratio. to gain more knowledge about the etiological role of borrelia burgdorferi in patients with hearing and vestibular symptoms, it is ...	1995	8749152
seroepidemiology of chronic fatigue syndrome: a case-control study.	we performed serological testing for a large number of infectious agents in 26 patients from atlanta who had chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) and in 50 controls matched by age, race, and sex. we did not find any agent associated with cfs. in addition, we did not find elevated levels of antibody to any of a wide range of agents examined. in particular, we did not find elevated titers of antibody to any herpesvirus, nor did we find evidence of enteroviral exposure in this group of patients.	1995	8749620
lyme disease in australia--still to be proven!		1995	8903152
simultaneous infection of ixodes ricinus nymphs by two borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species: possible implications for clinical manifestations.		1995	8903170
chemiluminescent analysis of borrelia burgdorferi penicillin-binding proteins using ampicillin conjugated to digoxigenin.	knowledge of the penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) of borrelia burgdorferi is important for understanding both the targets of beta-lactams used therapeutically for lyme borreliosis and the complex membrane biology of the distinctive spirochetal pathogen which causes lyme disease. in this study, the pbps of a number of b. burgdorferi strains and variants were examined using a rapid and sensitive chemiluminescent assay which employs ampicillin conjugated to digoxigenin (dig-amp). the minimum inhi ...	1995	8825913
proteins binding to the promoter region of the operon encoding the major outer surface proteins ospa and ospb of borrelia burgdorferi.	the synthesis of the major outer surface proteins ospa and ospb in borrelia burgdorferi varies among strains and during in vitro cultivation. we examined b. burgdorferi ca-11.2a for the presence of proteins that bind to the ospab operon promoter region. three major dna-protein complexes were detected using a mobility shift assay; one of these complexes was due to sequence-specific binding. these proteins may be involved in the regulation of ospab transcription and the pathogenesis of lyme diseas ...	1995	8832904
automatic synthesis of multifork-like structures for multiple labeling of oligonucleotides: application to diagnosis of lyme disease.	multifork-like structures have been designed for multiple labelling of oligonucleotides. they rely on the synthesis of new non nucleosidic phosphoramidites which can be used in automatic dna synthesis. the new compounds allowed tagging of any oligonucleotide and provided reactive primary amino groups for non isotopic labelling. polybiotinylated oligonucleotides have been tested in hybridization assays using a corresponding complementary sequence covalently linked to polystyrene tubes. detection ...	1995	8841638
viability of borrelia burgdorferi in stored semen.		1995	8920118
retinal vasculitis in lyme borreliosis.	we observed retinal vasculitis in seven patients with clinical and serologic evidence of borrelia burgdorferi infection. three patients presented with abrupt loss of vision due to acute retinal vasculitis. funduscopy demonstrated engorged veins, hemorrhages, perivenous infiltrates and retinal white spots. fluorescein angiography showed leakage from the veins, from the white spots and from the optic disc. moreover arterial occlusions were observed in two patients. four patients had signs of chron ...	1995	8936779
prevalence of igg reactivity in lyme borreliosis patients versus borrelia garinii and borrelia afzelii in a restricted area of northern italy.	this survey evaluates the antibody band patterns of sera taken from clinically defined cases of lyme borreliosis, towards three locally isolated strains of borrelia burgdorferi, belonging to the three species: borrelia sensu stricto, borrelia garinii and borrelia afzelii, by means of western blot. the sera were taken from patients resident in a limited area of friuli venezia giulia (fvg) region. the data indicated that, besides a different feature of the band reactivity which correlated to the d ...	1995	8745006
evidence for in vivo but not in vitro expression of a borrelia burgdorferi outer surface protein f (ospf) homologue.	protein export signals from the low-passage 297 strain of borrelia burgdorferi were cloned as fusions with an escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase (phoa) reporter lacking a signal sequence. one phoa+ clone (bbk2.10-phoa) was derived from a borrelial lipoprotein. although the polypeptide encoded by the full-length bbk2.10 gene had 76% similarity and 56% identity to outer surface protein f (ospf) from b. burgdorferi strain n40, antibodies directed against recombinant forms of the two proteins rev ...	1995	8748034
[epidemiologic situation of lyme borreliosis in europe].	the aim of paper was to present epidemiological data related to lyme borreliosis (lb), including reservoirs and transmission of borrelia burgdorferi (b.b.). incidence of the disease in europe was evaluated through review of literature data. morbidity exceeding 100 cases per 100,000 inhabitants per year observed in central europe, indicate the highest prevalence of lb in this part of continent. prevalence of antibodies against b.b. among blood donors in particular european countries varied from 0 ...	1995	8868195
the lyme disease vaccine candidate outer surface protein a (ospa) in a formulation compatible with human use protects mice against natural tick transmission of b. burgdorferi.	development of a vaccine for the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, has focused on the bacterial lipoprotein, major outer surface protein a (ospa). with few exceptions, testing of ospa vaccines in animal models has involved challenge with needle inoculation of cultured spirochetes. recombinant ospa proteins from two ospa divergent strains of b. burgdorferi were tested for their vaccine potential in three different strains of mice challenged with laboratory reared ticks with a high ra ...	1995	7639011
diagnosis and clinical characteristics of ocular lyme borreliosis.		1995	7639319
lyme disease in a 74-year-old forest owner with symptoms of dermatomyositis.	we describe a 73-year-old forest owner with widespread erythema, myalgia, and proximal muscle weakness. the clinical signs and the results of electromyography, magnetic resonance imaging, and a muscle biopsy were consistent with dermatomyositis. however, serology was positive for borrelia burgdorferi. more importantly, b burgdorferi dna was detected in skin by polymerase chain reaction techniques, and spirochete-like organisms were detected in the muscle by silver staining. lyme disease with mus ...	1995	7639814
evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction for the detection of borrelia burgdorferi in cerebrospinal fluid of children with acute peripheral facial palsy.	neuroborreliosis occasionally represents a diagnostic problem, especially in the early stage of the infection. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) offers an attractive alternative to antibody testing. the aim of our study was to investigate the diagnostic potential of pcr in comparison to antibody tests in csf of children with facial palsy. in contrast to other manifestations of neuroborreliosis, facial palsy is a well-defined clinical entity in which csf findings allow an early distinction acco ...	1995	7641769
molecular cloning and immunological characterization of a novel linear-plasmid-encoded gene, pg, of borrelia burgdorferi expressed only in vivo.	previously we have found that sera from immunocompetent mice infected either naturally by ticks or experimentally with low numbers of borrelia burgdorferi zs7 bacteria lack ospa- and ospb-specific antibodies but confer optimal protection on severe combined immunodeficiency mice against challenge with spirochetes (u.e. schaible, l. gern, r. wallich, m. d. kramer, m. prester, and m. m. simon, immunol. lett. 36:219-226, 1993). we have now used the latter immune sera to identify new spirochetal stru ...	1995	7642261
a 55-kilodalton antigen encoded by a gene on a borrelia burgdorferi 49-kilobase plasmid is recognized by antibodies in sera from patients with lyme disease.	we have identified a 55-kda antigen encoded by a gene on a 49-kb plasmid of borrelia burgdorferi. the screening of a b. burgdorferi dna expression library (n40 strain) with rabbit anti-b. burgdorferi serum and then with serum from a patient with lyme disease arthritis revealed a clone that synthesized an antigen that was reactive with both sera. dna sequence analysis identified an operon with two genes, s1 and s2 (1,254 and 780 nucleotides), that expressed antigens with the predicted molecular m ...	1995	7642278
adherence of borrelia burgdorferi to the proteoglycan decorin.	lyme disease is a tick-borne infection that can develop into a chronic, multisystemic disorder. the causative agent, borrelia burgdorferi, is initially deposited by the tick into the host dermis, where it associates with collagen fibers, replicates, and eventually disseminates to other tissues. we have examined the adherence of the spirochete to different components of the collagen fiber and demonstrated that decorin, a proteoglycan which decorates collagen fibers, can support the attachment of ...	1995	7642279
binding of human plasminogen to borrelia burgdorferi.	we studied the binding of plasminogen to borrelia burgdorferi, a spirochete which causes lyme disease and produces no endogenous proteases which digest extracellular matrix proteins. using 125i-labeled plasminogen, we demonstrated that b. burgdorferi bound human plasminogen and that this binding was inhibitable with unlabeled plasminogen. 125i-labeled plasminogen binding by b. burgdorferi was also inhibited by the lysine analog epsilon-aminocaproic acid. there was no significant difference in th ...	1995	7642282
recombinant ospa protects dogs against infection and disease caused by borrelia burgdorferi.	twenty-two specific-pathogen-free beagles were vaccinated with recombinant ospa (ospa gene derived from borrelia burgdorferi b31) alone or with adjuvant (quila, montanide isa25, or aluminum hydroxide) at 6 weeks of age. thirteen dogs were used as nonvaccinated controls with or without adjuvant. three dogs were kept as contact controls and received neither vaccine nor challenge. six weeks or 6 months after the first vaccination, the vaccinated (20 of 22) and nonvaccinated dogs (13) were challenge ...	1995	7642289
hypothyroidism with concurrent lyme disease.	lyme disease can be seen as localized, disseminated, acute, or chronic and can mimic other, more serious diseases. even though it is a multisystemic illness, very few spirochetes are present; yet, once established in the host, it can persist for years. the antibody response is slow and variable, and the spirochete is difficult to isolate from clinical specimens, even those obtained from the pathognomonic skin lesion. these variables, together with nonspecific symptoms, make the diagnosis of lyme ...	1995	7642407
intrathecal immune response in patients with neuroborreliosis: specificity of antibodies for neuronal proteins.	cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and serum samples of 47 patients with serologically proven neuroborreliosis were examined by western blotting for antibodies to a crude extract of human cortex (cns) comprising a multitude (> 40) of protein bands. intrathecal synthesis of total immunoglobulins was determined by the reiber formula and of autoantibodies to cns proteins by enzyme-linked immunoassay (elisa) and by western blotting. employing elisa, intrathecal synthesis of autoantibodies (igg, igm and/or ig ...	1995	7643141
canine lyme disease.		1995	7645190
borrelia burgdorferi dna in biological samples from patients with sarcoidosis using the polymerase chain reaction technique.	polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to detect the presence of borrelia burgdoferi dna in biological samples from patients with sarcoidosis. the target dna sequence was of chromosomal origin. the amplified dna sequence was analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis, page with silver staining, and the identity of amplified dna was confirmed by restriction enzyme cleavage and dna-dna hybridization with a 32p-labelled probe. the assay was sensitive to fewer than two copies of b. burgdorferi genome ...	1995	7647327
detection of borrelia burgdorferi dna by polymerase chain reaction in the urine and breast milk of patients with lyme borreliosis.	current laboratory diagnosis of lyme borreliosis relies on tests for the detection of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi with known limitations. by using a simple extraction procedure for urine samples, b. burgdorferi dna was amplified by a nested pcr with primers that target the specific part of the flagellin gene. to control possible inhibition of the enzyme (polymerase), a special assay using the same primers was developed. we examined 403 urine samples from 185 patients with skin manifestati ...	1995	7648832
comparison of borrelia isolated from uk foci of lyme disease.	restriction endonuclease digestion of linear borrelial chromosomal dna showed that three isolates of uk lyme disease spirochaetes differed markedly from each other and from published data for other isolates from north america and continental europe. analysis of linear plasmid bands revealed that uk isolates differed from each other in the number and sizes of the plasmids in isolates from different foci of uk lyme disease. fatty acid analysis (of fatty acid methyl ester (fame) profiles) showed th ...	1995	7649436
variable serum immunoglobulin responses against different borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species in a population at risk for and patients with lyme disease.	borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species display considerable antigenic polymorphism. in order to evaluate the importance of this antigenic heterogeneity in the serodiagnosis of lyme disease, the serum immunoglobulin g response in 148 healthy individuals from an area in northern sweden where lyme disease is endemic and in 40 american patients with lyme disease was assessed. in a seroprevalence study, the control group included 173 individuals from a region of northern sweden where lyme disease is ...	1995	7650170
evaluation of ixodes scapularis, amblyomma americanum, and dermacentor variabilis (acari: ixodidae) from georgia as vectors of a florida strain of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi.	the ability of three common tick species from georgia to maintain and transmit the causative agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi, was compared under laboratory conditions. a b. burgdorferi cotton rat isolate (mi-6) from florida was selected as a strain from the south, and the sh2-82 isolate from new york was used as a positive control. amblyomma americanum (l.) and dermacentor variabilis (say) did not transmit the mi-6 isolate from inoculated hamsters to naive laboratory mice, and nympha ...	1995	7650697
strain variation of lyme disease spirochetes isolated from ixodes ricinus ticks and rodents collected in two endemic areas in switzerland.	the relationship among lyme borreliosis, borrelia genospecies, rodent reservoirs, and ixodes ricinus l. ticks was studied in two endemic areas in switzerland. ear punch biopsies and sampling of internal organs were used to isolate borrelia burgdorferi (johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt and brenner) from small mammals, apodemus sylvaticus l., a. flavicollis melchoir, clethrionomys glareolus schreber. spirochetes were isolated from ear tissue and spleen of the rodents. isolates were homogeneous a ...	1995	7650703
ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting wild birds (aves) and white-footed mice in lyme, ct.	birds were captured and recaptured (20.8% of 5,297) with japanese mist nets, and white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus (rafinesque), were caught and recaught (69.1% of 355) with sherman box traps during the late spring, summer, and early fall from july 1989 through october 1991 to study tick-host relationships in lyme, ct. ixodes scapularis say, a vector of lyme disease spirochetes, borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto johnson, schmid, hye, steigerwalt & brenner, infested 803 birds (15.2%) in 36 ...	1995	7650706
dispersal of the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi to salivary glands of feeding nymphal ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae).	salivary gland explant cultures from 3/16 (19%) of unfed nymphal ixodes scapularis say contained lyme disease spirochetes, increasing to a maximum of 14/16 (88%) at 72 h of tick feeding. homogenates of tick salivary glands did not produce infection in laboratory white mice unless harvested from ticks attached for > or = 60 h. dispersal of spirochetes to the salivary glands appears to occur during the act of tick feeding, thus affecting the ability of ticks to transmit borrelia burgdorferi.	1995	7650714
lyme and/or lyme-like disease in missouri.	missouri patients who fulfill the strict cdc surveillance definition for lyme disease have been reported in significant numbers since 1987, although there are no viable missouri human cultures of borrelia burgdorferi. the missouri erythema migrans rashes are indistinguishable from those in other areas, and the clinical syndrome appears similar to lyme disease nationally. the authors suspect atypical b. burgdorferi, and/or other borrelia spirochetes of causing this clinical borreliosis syndrome.	1995	7651314
ixodes-borne borrelia spp infections.		1995	7657581
exacerbation of lyme arthritis in beige mice.	borrelia burgdorferi-induced disease susceptibility was explored in disease-resistant c57/bl6 (b6) and -susceptible c3h/he (c3h) mice with and without the beige (bg) mutation, which is associated with granulocyte and nk cell dysfunction. both b6 and c3h mice had more prevalent and severe arthritis than their congenic partners, and b6-bg mice developed arthritis equal in severity to that in c3h mice. spirochetes were visualized in joint tissue of b6-bg mice but not b6 mice. no differences in spir ...	1995	7658072
the outer surface proteins of lyme disease borrelia spirochetes stimulate t cells to secrete interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma): diagnostic and pathogenic implications.	late stages of borrelia lyme disease infections may be difficult to diagnose because of unspecific symptoms and unreliable laboratory tests, being too unspecific or insensitive. the t cell immune response was thus evaluated in these patients by using a sensitive elispot t cell assay that detects the secretion of ifn-gamma, i.e. a t helper 1 (th1) response on the single-cell level. three subcellular fractions of the lyme borreliosis strain borrelia afzelii were used for antigenic stimulation. the ...	1995	7664493
molecular analysis of genes encoding outer surface protein c (ospc) of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato: relationship to ospa genotype and evidence of lateral gene exchange of ospc.	it has been shown by analysis with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies that outer surface protein c (ospc) of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is highly heterogeneous. to determine if the heterogeneity has a genetic basis, the genes of 18 different b. burgdorferi sensu lato strains have been amplified by pcr, cloned, and sequenced. the ospc genes could be amplified from all strains tested, even from two strains which did not express ospc in detectable amounts. among the 18 strains, 16 significan ...	1995	7665660
expression of outer surface proteins a and c of borrelia burgdorferi in ixodes ricinus.	a total of 472 field-collected ixodes ricinus ticks from southern germany were investigated by immunofluorescence for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi with a polyvalent rabbit immune serum and with monoclonal antibodies specific for outer surface proteins a and c (ospa and ospc, respectively). borreliae were detected in 90 ticks with the polyvalent immunofluorescence assay. infection rates in adults (females, 20.2%; males, 25.2%) were significantly higher than in nymphs (12.1%). ospa was det ...	1995	7665661
a modified roc analysis for the selection of cut-off values and the definition of intermediate results of serodiagnostic tests.	a total number of 50 sera from clinically confirmed cases of canine borrelia (b.) burgdorferi infection and 44 negative control sera were tested with a b. burgdorferi specific antibody elisa. the data were submitted to the 'two-graph receiver operating characteristic' (tg-roc) analysis which is a plot of the test sensitivity (se) and specificity (sp) against the threshold (cut-off) value assuming the latter to be an independent variable. thus, in contrast to the conventional roc analysis, valid ...	1995	7665894
elisa screening for lyme disease in children with chronic arthritis.	one hundred patients, aged 6-15 years and presented to el-shatby university children's hospital with chronic/recurrent arthritis and skin lesions suggestive of erythema chronicum migrans (ecm), were investigated for presence of igg antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi flagellum antigen elisa test. four cases yielded positive serum samples which were true positive cases as they showed negative venereal disease research laboratory (vdrl) test. ticks collected from domestic animals from the hous ...	1995	7665949
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (ttp) associated with a borrelia burgdorferi infection.		1995	7668240
borrelia burgdorferi dna is undetectable by polymerase chain reaction in skin lesions of morphea, scleroderma, or lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of patients from north america.	borrelia burgdorferi has been linked to the pathogenesis of morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (lsa). however, considerable controversy still exists as to the actual role, if any, that this spirochete plays in the development of these diseases. antibody titer determinations have been inconclusive and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) studies have yielded conflicting results.	1995	7673495
absence of borrelia burgdorferi in patients with localized scleroderma (morphea).		1995	7673508
relevance of cerebrospinal fluid variables for early diagnosis of neuroborreliosis.	we describe the specificity and sensitivity of measuring a combination of basic csf variables and borrelia burgdorferi (bb)-specific igg and igm antibody index (ai) values for the diagnosis of early neuroborreliosis. basic csf variables included total cell count, quantitation of activated b cells (igg, iga, and igm classes), csf/serum quotient diagrams for igg, iga, and igm (to quantitate brain-derived immunoglobulin fractions in csf), and csf/serum albumin ratio as a measure of blood-csf barrie ...	1995	7675224
borrelia burgdorferi in eastern virginia: comparison between a coastal and inland locality.	in virginia, borrelia burgdorferi was more prevalent in a site along the atlantic ocean, near maryland, than in an inland site near williamsburg and yorktown. at the coastal site on assateague island, b. burgdorferi was isolated from 4.2% of 475 animals sampled, including four species of small mammals. serologic tests indicated that 25-37% of the small rodents assayed had been exposed to b. burgdorferi. immunofluorescence antibody assays specific for b. burgdorferi showed spirochete infection in ...	1995	7677212
prevalence of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in danish rodents.	six rodent species from six danish localities were examined for antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi by immunofluorescence assay (ifa). a total of 1097 specimens were tested using a serum titre of 1:8. the wild mice apodemus sylvaticus and a. flavicollis had high prevalences of b. burgdorferi antibodies of 42.1% and 27.9% respectively, but the vole microtus agrestis also showed an exceptionally high prevalence of 32.7%. clethrionomys glareolus had a low average prevalence of 17.4%. the lowest and ...	1995	7612254
identification of spirochetes isolated from wild rodents in japan as borrelia japonica.	spirochetes isolated from three species of wild mice, apodemus speciosus, apodemus argenteus, and eothenomys smithi, which were caught on honshu, japan, were characterized on the bases of protein profiles, reactivities with monoclonal antibodies (mabs), and dna homology values. all the isolates reacted with mab o1441b, which is specific for borrelia japonica, but not with mab p62, which is specific for borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, borrelia garinii, and borrelia afzelii. the dna relatednes ...	1995	7615765
isolation of borrelia burgdorferi on mainland ontario.		1995	7620454
isolation of borrelia burgdorferi, the lyme disease spirochete, from rabbit ticks, haemaphysalis leporispalustris--alberta.		1995	7620455
cogan's syndrome mimicking acute lyme arthritis.	a pediatric case of cogan's syndrome mimicking acute lyme arthritis is described. a 12-year-old black boy was admitted to the pediatric service for presumed right knee septic arthritis. symptoms included acute pain and swelling with decreased range-of-motion. although the patient's right knee symptoms and positive lyme serology were consistent with a diagnosis of lyme arthritis, the presence of sensorineural hearing loss and interstitial keratitis with inflammatory arthritis suggested a diagnosi ...	1995	7620865
differences in borrelia infections in adult ixodes persulcatus and ixodes ricinus ticks (acari: ixodidae) in populations of north-western russia.	dark-field microscopy was used to determine the number of borrelia spirochetes in 630 standard preparations obtained from adult ixodid ticks (344 ixodes persulcatus and 286 i. ricinus) collected in 1989-92 in the leningrad region of russia. the average numbers of borrelia in i. persulcatus and i. ricinus preparations were 34.7 and 23.3 per 100 microscopic fields, respectively. the maximal individual values registered each year for ticks of both species were several hundred times greater than the ...	1995	7621710
the outer surface lipoprotein a of borrelia burgdorferi provides direct and indirect augmenting/co-stimulatory signals for the activation of cd4+ and cd8+ t cells.	naive cd4+ and cd8+ t cells require two distinct signals to proliferate and to express effector functions [1]. one is provided by the antigen receptor on the t cell (tcr) after its encounter with antigenic peptides associated with class i or ii major histocompatibility complex (mhc) molecules on antigen-presenting cells (apc) [2]. the second signal, which is not antigen-specific but essential for proliferation and differentiation of naive t cells, is provided by co-stimulatory structures. the ma ...	1995	7622182
borrelia burgdorferi shows specificity of binding to glycosphingolipids.	live but not fixed or heat-killed borrelia burgdorferi bound to galactocerebroside, lactosylceramide, and ceramide trihexoside. in addition, this organism bound to the disialoganglioside gd1a and the trisialoganglioside gt1b but not to gangliosides gm1, gd1b, gm2, and gm3 and not to asialo gm1. this adhesion pattern confirmed earlier findings of binding to galactocerebroside and places this organism within a prokaryotic group which binds to lactosylceramide. the binding to gd1a and gt1b, both of ...	1995	7622201
antibody response of the mouse reservoir of borrelia burgdorferi in nature.	to determine whether the white-footed mouse reservoir host (peromyscus leucopus) of the agent of lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi) naturally mounts an immune response against the full range of antigens expressed by this zoonotic pathogen, we analyzed the pattern of immunoreactivity of these rodents at sites in which the intensity of transmission differs. although the incidence of seroconversion within the reservoir population relates proportionally to the density of subadult deer ticks (ixodes ...	1995	7622226
protection of c3h/he mice from experimental borrelia burgdorferi infection by immunization with a 110-kilodalton fusion protein.	a 110-kda borrelia burgdorferi fusion protein, escherichia coli expressing the fusion protein, transformed e. coli lacking the fusion protein insert, and lyophilized whole b. burgdorferi bacteria were compared for immunogenicity in c3h/he mice. immunized mice were challenged with a variety of isolates from the united states or the european isolate p/gau 3 weeks following the last inoculation. an average of 76.7% of the mice immunized with 25 micrograms of lyophilized whole b. burgdorferi cells w ...	1995	7622251
analysis of borrelia burgdorferi sequentially isolated from peromyscus leucopus captured at a lyme disease enzootic site.	thirty isolates of borrelia burgdorferi sequentially cultured from 15 naturally infected white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) were examined for variability in protein and plasmid profiles. heterogeneity was detected in ospb and ospc and in proteins between 18.0 and 28.0 kda by page. plasmid profiles were heterogeneous in the first isolate from 11 mice (73%) and between the first and last sequential isolate from 13 mice (87%). comparison of the first and last isolates showed increased expressi ...	1995	7622890
epidemiologic and diagnostic studies of patients with suspected early lyme disease, missouri, 1990-1993.	a retrospective case-control study investigated 45 missouri outpatients with annular rashes meeting a surveillance case definition for erythema migrans and with onset in 1990-1991. risk factors included being male, living near a body of water, and hunting. twenty patients (44%) associated their rash with the bite of a tick; of these, 5 described an adult amblyomma americanum. a typical rash was described as expanding over time and measuring 8 cm in diameter at 4 days after onset. mild constituti ...	1995	7622891
[lyme disease and borrelia].		1995	7623418
clethrionomys glareolus, but not apodemus flavicollis, acquires resistance to ixodes ricinus l., the main european vector of borrelia burgdorferi.	the european rodents clethrionomys glareolus (bank vole) and apodemus flavicollis (yellow-necked-mouse) are important hosts of the tick species ixodes ricinus, the main european vector of borrelia burgdorferi. we have addressed the question whether or not these tick hosts develop resistance to i. ricinus larvae. c. glareolus and a. flavicollis were exposed to 40 i. ricinus larvae for five consecutive times at two week intervals. resistance was tested by the following parameters: percentage of ti ...	1995	7624158
progress on development of the live bcg recombinant vaccine vehicle for combined vaccine delivery.	bcg, the current vaccine for tuberculosis, has been administered to approximately three billion people. this live vaccine has a low incidence of serious side effects and can be given at birth. within the past six years, systems for the manipulation and expression of foreign genes in mycobacteria have been developed, allowing the evaluation of rbcg as a vaccine delivery vehicle for heterologous antigens. recent studies from our group have shown that rbcg expressing outer surface protein a of borr ...	1995	7625654
effects of penicillin, ceftriaxone, and doxycycline on morphology of borrelia burgdorferi.	antibiotic therapy with penicillin, doxycycline, and ceftriaxone has proven to be effective for the treatment of lyme borreliosis. in some patients, however, it was noticed that borreliae can survival in the tissues in spite of seemingly adequate therapy. for a better understanding of this phenomenon, we investigated the different modes of degeneration of borrelia burgdorferi suspensions during a 96-h exposure to various antibiotics. by dark-field microscopy and ultrastructural investigations, i ...	1995	7625800
in vitro activity of rokitamycin, a new macrolide, against borrelia burgdorferi.	the activity of rokitamycin, a new macrolide with a 16-member ring, was tested against borrelia burgdorferi in vitro. the antibiotic had a lower mic at which 50% of the isolates are inhibited than erythromycin, the parent 14-member macrolide, but the same mic at which 50% of the isolates are inhibited as the other recent 14- and 15-member macrolides, like clarithromycin and azithromycin. the mbc was equal to the mic at which 50% of the isolates are inhibited, so rokitamycin can be considered bac ...	1995	7625812
assignment of borrelia burgdorferi strains g25 and vs461 to the borrelia garinii and borrelia afzelii genospecies, respectively: a comparison of ospa protein sequences.	the nucleotide sequence encoding the outer surface protein a (ospa) from two borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates, g25 and vs461, has been determined. on the basis of a phylogenetic analysis, strains g25 and vs461 were respectively assigned to the b. garinii and b. afzelii genospecies. comparative analysis of ospa proteins from 26 different b. burgdorferi sensu lato strains involved in lyme disease indicated a higher heterogeneity in the b. garinii genospecies than in the two other genospeci ...	1995	7626787
diagnosis of lyme disease. current difficulties and prospects.	articular manifestations of lyme disease may be less common in europe than in the united states, perhaps because european strains of borrelia burgdorferi are characterized by greater genetic diversity and different organotropisms as compared with american strains. the diagnosis rests on clinical symptoms. a history of erythema migrans is pathognomonic. isolated articular manifestations with no history of erythema migrans raise difficult diagnostic problems. monoarthritis and asymmetric oligoarth ...	1995	7606423
reservoir competence of the rice rat (rodentia: cricetidae) for borrelia burgdorferi.	the reservoir competence of the rice rat, oryzomys palustris, for borrelia burgdorferi is described. infected ixodes scapularis say (i. dammini, spielman, clifford, piesman & corwin) nymphs were used to infect animals. borrelia infection was diagnosed by xenodiagnostic feeding of noninfected i. scapularis larvae and by reisolation of the spirochetes from blood and other tissues. rice rats acquired b. burgdorferi and maintained spirochete infection for 5-9 wk. b. burgdorferi were cultured from sa ...	1995	7608919
[diagnosis of lyme borreliosis].	lyme borreliosis is an infectious disease, caused by the spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted by ticks, in our regions by the tick ixodes ricinus. the disease mainly affects skin, nervous system, joints and heart. lyme borreliosis develops in three stages, and the various clinical manifestations may assigned to the respective stages. as far as skin is concerned, in stage i typically appears erythema chronicum migrans, very often accompanied by flu-like symptoms; in stage iii, months ...	1995	7610528
[therapy of lyme borreliosis].	lyme borreliosis is an infectious disorder caused directly by borrelia burgdorferi. secondary immunological mechanisms might play an additional pathogenetic role. the natural course of the disease in stage i and ii is in most cases benign, therefore the influence of antibiotic therapy is difficult to assess. double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized studies were performed rarely. however, by comparing untreated and treated patient groups it seems, that antibiotic therapy shortens the disease d ...	1995	7610529
[lyme borreliosis].	in europe and in other parts of the world, lyme borreliosis is recognized increasingly by physicians and serodiagnostic laboratories. however, it is currently difficult to present conclusive epidemiologic data. there are no widely accepted case definitions for the numerous clinical features due to or supposed to be linked to infection with borrelia burgdorferi. clinical diagnosis of suspected cases of lyme borreliosis requires confirmation by the demonstration of the aetiologic agent and the rec ...	1995	7610663
[growth inhibition of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by antibodies. a contribution to understanding the pathogenesis and improving diagnosis of lyme borreliosis].	phenomenon of growth inhibition of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (bbsl), the agent of lyme disease, by antiborrelial antibodies was observed and investigated. some of the antiborrelial antibodies were bactericidal in the absence of complement and phagocytes. based on growth inhibition phenomenon we developed and evaluated the function-oriented in vitro growth inhibition assay (gia). gia proved to be more strain-specific and a better predictor of protection against infectious challenge than mat ...	1995	7610664
[the dermatologic spectrum of lyme borreliosis].	the classical symptoms of lyme borreliosis (lb) on the skin, erythema migrans, borrelia lymphocytoma and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca) can be diagnosed clinically. in atypical cases, however, the diagnosis of a borrelia burgdorferi (bb) infection is based on the isolation of this bacterium from affected tissues. in early lyme disease problems are arising in complicated erythema migrans which may represent reinfection, or with a failure of antibiotic treatment in some patients. the pa ...	1995	7610665
[lymphocyte proliferation test in cutaneous manifestations of lyme borreliosis].	the humoral immunoreactivity in lyme borreliosis is a well characterized parameter for establishing the diagnosis of a borrelia burgdorferi (bb) infection. since patients with seronegative lyme borreliosis have been described, lymphocyte proliferation tests may be used for detecting patients who only develop a cellular immunoreactivity against bb organisms. we performed a the lymphocyte proliferation assays in order to determine the cellular immunoreactivity to these spirochetes in given patient ...	1995	7610666
[pathomechanisms of neuroborreliosis].	lyme neuroborreliosis has a protean clinical spectrum and a complex and still obscure pathogenesis. central and peripheral nervous system involvement may occur, with several different mechanisms acting together or separately. invasion of the nervous system by borrelia burgdorferi occurs early in the course of the infection. direct interaction of the spirochete with neural cells may result in neurological damage, as may the immune response elicited against the organism. both t- and b-cell autorea ...	1995	7610667
[neurologic manifestations of lyme borreliosis in children].	since detection of the etiologic agent of lyme borreliosis a wide spectrum is known to be caused by borrelia burgdorferi (bb) including acute, subacute, or chronic central nervous system (cns) manifestations. in view of the difficulties in interpreting serological results the early diagnosis of lyme borreliosis sometimes may be problematic. our own observations in children which suffered from an acute neuroborreliosis (nb) showed the following: 1) culturing of bb from cerebrospinal fluid (csf) s ...	1995	7610668
[als-like sequelae in chronic neuroborreliosis].	csf investigation in a 61-year old female patient with clinical picture of motoneuron disease gave evidence for chronic infection with borrelia burgdorferi. improvement of clinical and csf findings could be observed after antibiotic therapy. the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis which was initially suspected had to be revised and the disorder was interpreted as chronic neuroborreliosis.	1995	7610670
[inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy in neuroborreliosis].	a patient with acute onset of radicular pain developed an asymmetric neuropathy within a few weeks. neurophysiology and nerve biopsy findings revealed a demyelinating neuropathy. cerebrospinal fluid showed mild pleocytosis, increased protein levels and elevated antibody titers against borrelia burgdorferi suggesting lyme neuroborreliosis. although peripheral nervous system complications of lyme borreliosis are common, the association with chronic demyelinating neuropathy has not been described b ...	1995	7610671
[neurosyphilis. a case report and review of the literature on differential neuroborreliosis diagnosis].	a 35-year old man was presented with organic psychosyndrome. anamnestic reports informed about changes in his behaviour like loss of interest, reduced concentration and short-term-memory loss within the last 2 years. the practicing psychiatrist diagnosed a depressive syndrome in conjunction with a borderline syndrome and administered antidepressive and neuroleptic therapy. specific serologic tests were not done. neurologically, there was a picture of influent and slurred speech, and ataxic gait. ...	1995	7610672
[av-block ii and arthritis as manifestations of lyme borreliosis].	a 23-year old patient suffered from transient oligoarthritis and second degree av block. the diagnosis of stage ii systemic lyme borreliosis was supported by a history of tick bites and the detection of both igg and igm borrelia antibodies in the patient's serum. the ecg-findings (bradyarrhythmia and av block ii) were detected several weeks after the onset of arthritis, whilst the patient reported no cardiac symptoms. treatment was started with ceftriaxone and then continued with doxycycline bec ...	1995	7610673
[lyme borreliosis and cardiomyopathy].	according to current opinion there is acute, self-limiting lyme carditis, and chronic lyme carditis. acute lyme carditis manifests mostly as transient conduction disorders of the heart (e.g. av-blocking i to iii), and as supraventricular and ventricular rhythm disturbances, pericarditis, myocarditis, and pancarditis in single cases. chronic lyme carditis is defined as a case of chronic heart failure confirmed by positive serology and endomyocardial biopsy. anamnestic aid is rare. neither tick-bi ...	1995	7610674
[hemifacial spasm secondary to lyme disease].		1995	7497212
[lyme borreliosis in hand surgery. a case report].	the clinical courses of borrelia burgdorferi infections may show such variety, that diagnostic problems arise. on the other hand, early antibiotic therapy is necessary in order to prevent late-term complications. in this article, we present an exceptional case of a long-term documentation of lyme-disease which was not diagnosed until an acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans had developed. whether the manifestation of bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome is connected with lyme borreliosis is yet to be ...	1995	7498838
evaluation of the detection of borrelia burgdorferi dna in urine samples by polymerase chain reaction.	it is difficult in some cases to identify an infection caused by borrelia burgdorferi and to monitor the effect of therapy. seropositivity will persist even after successful treatment and therefore may suggest ongoing infection. for direct detection of b. burgdorferi dna in human urine samples, the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was evaluated. a published primer system was selected, which amplifies a 259 bp fragment from the gene encoding the 23s rrna. the lower detection limit of the primer sy ...	1995	7499007
an ospa frame shift, identified from dna in lyme arthritis synovial fluid, results in an outer surface protein a that does not bind protective antibodies.	passive immunization with murine or human abs to outer surface protein a (ospa) can protect mice against borrelia burgdorferi, but ospa abs elicited during natural infection in mice or humans are unable to clear the spirochete from the infected host. to examine ab binding by ospa during the course of human infection, we amplified the operon encoding full-length ospa and ospb from synovial fluids of a patient with chronic lyme arthritis, the first such recoveries from human material, at four sepa ...	1995	7499856