Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| sex determination from the foramen magnum: discriminant function analysis in an eighteenth and nineteenth century british sample. | the successful identification of the deceased is vital to the progress of any forensic investigation. one of the principal biological traits to be established from skeletal remains is the sex of the individual. this becomes more difficult if only parts of a skeleton are found or if the bones are compromised by physical insults such as fire, explosions or violence. the basal region of the occipital bone is covered by a large volume of soft tissue and is therefore in a relatively well-protected an ... | 2009 | 18553095 |
| the effect of sex on risk of mortality during the black death in london, a.d. 1349-1350. | the black death of 1347-1351 was one of the most devastating epidemics in human history, and though it is frequently assumed that the epidemic killed indiscriminately, recent research suggests that the disease was selective, at least with respect to frailty. the purpose of this study is to determine whether the black death was similarly selective with respect to biological sex-that is, did either sex face an elevated risk during the epidemic or were men and women at equal risk of dying? a sample ... | 2009 | 19140182 |
| guidelines and the adoption of 'lipid rescue' therapy for local anaesthetic toxicity. | gathering evidence from animal experiments, an editorial in this journal and published human case reports culminated in the association of anaesthetists of great britain and ireland recommending in august 2007 that lipid emulsion be immediately available to all patients given potentially cardiotoxic doses of local anaesthetic drugs. this development offered an opportunity to track the adoption of an innovation by anaesthetists in the uk and to gauge the effects of guidelines. two surveys, each o ... | 2009 | 19143686 |
| human resuscitation in the 17th century: an interesting case report. | 2009 | 19147206 | |
| meta association of colorectal cancer confirms risk alleles at 8q24 and 18q21. | genome-wide association studies of colorectal cancer (crc) have identified genetic variants that reproducibly associate with crc. associations of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms at 8q24, 9p24, and 18q21 (smad7) and crc were investigated in a three-center collaborative study including two u.k. case-control cohorts (sheffield and leeds) and a u.s. case-control study of crc cases from high-risk utah pedigrees. | 2009 | 19155440 |
| fine- and regional-scale genetic structure of the exotic ascidian styela clava (tunicata) in southwest england, 50 years after its introduction. | styela clava, an ascidian native to the northwest pacific, was first recorded in the atlantic at plymouth, southwest england, in 1953. it now ranges in the northeast atlantic from portugal to northern denmark, and has colonized the east coast of north america. within the region of first introduction, we aimed to characterize current genetic diversity in the species, elucidate the respective roles of human-aided vs. natural dispersal, and assess the extent of larval dispersal by looking for genet ... | 2009 | 19161467 |
| long-term cryptosporidium typing reveals the aetiology and species-specific epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis in england and wales, 2000 to 2003. | to improve understanding of the aetiology and epidemiology of human cryptosporidiosis, over 8,000 cryptosporidium isolates were submitted for typing to the species level over a four year period. the majority were either cryptosporidium parvum (45.9%) or cryptosporidium hominis (49.2%). dual infection occurred in 40 (0.5%) cases and six other known cryptosporidium species or genotypes were found in 67 (0.9%) cases. these were cryptosporidium meleagridis, cryptosporidium felis, cryptosporidium can ... | 2009 | 19161717 |
| plastic surgery and burns disasters. what impact do major civilian disasters have upon medicine? bradford city football club stadium fire, 1985, king's cross underground fire, 1987, piper alpha offshore oil rig disaster, 1988. | major disasters involving multiple casualties are neither new nor infrequent. such events have important implications for medicine and can provide crucial lessons for the future. however, while the medical aspects of war have received considerable attention, rather less is known about civilian disasters. to redress this imbalance, this article reviews three major british disasters of the 1980s where serious burns injury was a significant feature of the human casualty: the bradford city football ... | 2009 | 19181578 |
| research involving biological material from forensic autopsies: legal and ethical issues. | recommendations and laws do not always contain specific and clear provisions on the use of cadaveric material in research, and even more rarely do they address explicitly the ethical issues related to research on material obtained during forensic autopsy. in this article we analyse existing legal frameworks in europe by comparing the legal provisions in 2 european countries which are member states of the council of europe, the uk and switzerland. they were chosen because they have distinct legal ... | 2009 | 19188745 |
| hiv prevention for people with serious mental illness: a survey of mental health workers' attitudes, knowledge and practice. | the aim of this survey was to investigate the attitudes, knowledge and reported practice (capabilities) of mental health workers concerning human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and other sexually transmitted diseases in people with serious mental illness. | 2009 | 19192006 |
| prevalence and potential pathogenicity of vibrio parahaemolyticus in chinese mitten crabs (eriocheir sinensis) harvested from the river thames estuary, england. | chinese mitten crabs (eriocheir sinensis) have been described as an alien invasive species in the river thames, united kingdom, and elsewhere in europe. the crabs can cause considerable physical damage to the riverbeds and threaten native ecosystems. trapping has been considered an option, but such attempts to control mitten crab populations in germany in the 1930s failed. in the united kingdom, it has been suggested that commercial exploitation of the species could be employed as a control opti ... | 2009 | 19205465 |
| the history of british gynaecological pathology. | the venerable tradition of british gynaecological pathology is honoured by brief comments on those who have pioneered work in this arena, using as the starting point the remarkable scottish physician dr matthew baillie who, with his uncles, the legendary william and john hunter, can arguably be considered the founders of medicine in great britain. the impact of baillie's great work 'the morbid anatomy of some of the most important parts of the human body' is noted. because of the fame they achie ... | 2009 | 19207941 |
| the legal system. part 2: it's not just for lawyers. | this is the second part of the two-part article intended to provide an introduction to the foundation elements of the english legal system. the 'english legal system' is a rather generic term that is often used to refer to the different sources of law and the court system in which the law is practised. students of law will study the english legal system as a specific topic, but it is as equally important for those who work within a profession that is regulated by the law (as nursing is) to also ... | 2009 | 19223804 |
| community based yoga classes for type 2 diabetes: an exploratory randomised controlled trial. | yoga is a popular therapy for diabetes but its efficacy is contested. the aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of researching community based yoga classes in type 2 diabetes with a view to informing the design of a definitive, multi-centre trial | 2009 | 19228402 |
| interlending and document supply trends in nhs north west health libraries 2003/2004 to 2006/2007. | the library and information for health network north west (lihnn) represents health libraries in cheshire, cumbria, greater manchester, isle of man, lancashire, merseyside and wirral. lihnn members take part in a regional co-operative network supporting interlending and document supply. | 2009 | 19245641 |
| influence of socio-demographic factors on distances travelled to access hiv services: enhanced surveillance of hiv patients in north west england. | patient choice and access to health care is compromised by many barriers including travel distance. individuals with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) can seek free specialist care in britain, without a referral, providing flexible access to care services. willingness to travel beyond local services for preferred care has funding and service implications. data from an enhanced hiv surveillance system were used to explore geodemographic and clinical factors associated with accessing treatmen ... | 2009 | 19267895 |
| evaluation of a modified early warning system for acute medical admissions and comparison with c-reactive protein/albumin ratio as a predictor of patient outcome. | the modified early warning score (mews) was developed as a track and trigger tool for the prompt identification of seriously ill patients on an acute medical ward. this paper examines its value in the setting of an acute medical admissions unit (mau) and compares it to biochemical markers of acute and chronic disease. three hundred unselected acute admissions to the mau of the queen elizabeth hospital, gateshead, were assessed. correlations between mews score and c-reactive protein (crp) and alb ... | 2009 | 19271597 |
| human toenails as a biomarker of exposure to elevated environmental arsenic. | a pilot study was conducted to determine the applicability of toenails as a biomarker of exposure to elevated environmental arsenic (as) levels. a total of 17 individuals were recruited for the pilot study: 8 residents living near to a former as mine, devon, uk, forming the exposed group, plus 9 residents from nottinghamshire, uk, with no anticipated as exposure who were used for comparison as a control group. all toenail samples were thoroughly washed prior to analysis and the wash solutions re ... | 2009 | 19280039 |
| molecular epidemiology and characterization of campylobacter spp. isolated from wild bird populations in northern england. | campylobacter infections have been reported at prevalences ranging from 2 to 50% in a range of wild bird species, although there have been few studies that have investigated the molecular epidemiology of campylobacter spp. consequently, whether wild birds are a source of infection in humans or domestic livestock or are mainly recipients of domestic animal strains and whether separate cycles of infection occur remain unknown. to address these questions, serial cross-sectional surveys of wild bird ... | 2009 | 19286781 |
| temporal relationship between influenza infections and subsequent first-ever stroke incidence. | 2009 | 19029068 | |
| association between il6 gene variants -174g>c and -572g>c and serum il-6 levels: interactions with social position in the whitehall ii cohort. | to examine the impact of -174g>c and -572g>c variants in the promoter region of the il6 gene, and their interactions with social position, on interleukin-6 (il-6) levels in the whitehall ii cohort. | 2009 | 19019369 |
| using urban man-made ponds to reconstruct a 150-year history of air pollution in northwest england. | a regional pollution history has been reconstructed for the borough of halton (northwest england) from four urban ponds in north cheshire and south merseyside, using environmental analyses of lake sediment stratigraphies. mineral magnetism, geochemistry and radiometric dating have produced profiles of pollution characteristics dating from the mid-nineteenth century to present day. these pollution profiles reflect the atmospheric deposition of a range of pollutants over 150 years of intensified i ... | 2009 | 19005766 |
| accumulation of elements (s, as, br, sr, cd, hg, pb) in two populations of cancer pagurus: ecological implications to human consumption. | the brown crab cancer pagurus is highly appreciated in southern european countries and edible tissues are consumed separately or as mixtures. this species is mostly harvested along the scottish coast and english channel and has different market prices depending on the catching area and sex. the aim of this study was to quantify and characterize the contents of s, as, br, sr, cd, hg and pb in muscle, hepatopancreas, gonads and gills of female and male crabs from both catching areas. additionally, ... | 2009 | 19010376 |
| personal protective equipment in an influenza pandemic: a uk simulation exercise. | there is limited experience of both operational and financial impacts that adoption of uk pandemic influenza infection control guidance will have on the use of personal protective equipment (ppe), patients and staff. we attempted to assess these issues from a live exercise in a hospital in north-west england. during this 24h exercise, all staff on an acute general medical ward wore ppe and adopted the procedures described in the uk pandemic influenza infection control guidance. teams of infectio ... | 2009 | 19013670 |
| detection of cryptosporidium spp. from human faeces by pcr-rflp, cloning and sequencing. | in this study, we compared and validated a nested abc polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) assay to amplify cryptosporidium parvum oocyst wall protein (cowp) gene fragment with a previous nested pcr-rflp method. when rflp of cowp gene did not provide clear results, we further analysed samples by cloning and sequencing for species and genotype identification. abc-pcr was performed on dna extracted from human faecal samples collected in england where crypto ... | 2009 | 18979120 |
| sex determination from the occipital condyle: discriminant function analysis in an eighteenth and nineteenth century british sample. | fragmentary human remains compromised by different types of inhumation, or physical insults such as explosions, fires, and mutilations may frustrate the use of traditional morphognostic sex determination methods. the basicranium is protected by a large soft tissue mass comprising muscle, tendon, and ligaments. as such, the occipital region may prove useful for sex identification in cases of significantly fragmented remains. the aims of this paper are to (1) evaluate sexual dimorphism in british ... | 2009 | 18924165 |
| earthworms and in vitro physiologically-based extraction tests: complementary tools for a holistic approach towards understanding risk at arsenic-contaminated sites. | the relationship of the total arsenic content of a soil and its bioaccumulation by earthworms (lumbricus rubellus and dendrodrilus rubidus) to the arsenic fraction bioaccessible to humans, measured using an in vitro physiologically-based extraction test (pbet), was investigated. soil and earthworm samples were collected at 24 sites at the former arsenic mine at the devon great consols (dgc) in southwest england (uk), along with an uncontaminated site in nottingham, uk, for comparison. analysis o ... | 2009 | 18958400 |
| improving male life expectancy in birmingham. | on average, a man in birmingham can expect to live 2 years less than men in the rest of england. taken together, diseases of the circulatory system are responsible for the majority of deaths. this paper lays out the challenge faced and the interventions used to close that gap, with a particular focus on a large-scale cardiovascular disease screening programme. data from general practitioners' registers were used to target men over 40 years of age to be invited to special screening clinics to ass ... | 2009 | 19100999 |
| interaction between pon1 and population density in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. | paraoxonase polymorphisms have been associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als). paraoxonases are detoxifying enzymes involved in the metabolism of organophosphates. we tested the hypothesis that genetic variation within paraoxonase genes would interact with the environmental exposure to paraoxonase substrates. we used population density in the location of residence of als patients as a surrogate marker for environmental exposure. paraoxonase genotypes at previously associated single nuc ... | 2009 | 19104460 |
| arsenic stability and mobilization in soil at an amenity grassland overlying chemical waste (st. helens, uk). | a 6.6 ha grassland, established on a former chemical waste site adjacent to a residential area, contains arsenic (as) in surface soil at concentrations 200 times higher than uk soil guideline values. the site is not recognized as statutory contaminated land, partly on the assumption that mobility of the metalloid presents a negligible threat to human health, groundwater and ecological receptors. evidence for this is evaluated, based on studies of the effect of organic (green waste compost) and i ... | 2009 | 19118933 |
| lack of association between aspirin responsiveness and seven candidate gene haplotypes in patients with symptomatic vascular disease. | we studied the effect of prophylactic aspirin (asa) ingestion on platelet function in 463 patients with stroke, transient ischemic attack (tia) or acute coronary disease (acd), using the platelet function analyzer-100 (pfa-100). we correlated asa responsiveness with haplotypes of seven candidate genes, selected for their documented role in platelet function, namely, the genes for integrins alpha2beta1and alphaiibbeta3 (itga2, itga2b, and itgb3), platelet glycoproteins ibalpha and vi (gpiba and g ... | 2009 | 19132198 |
| estimating the cost-effectiveness of vaccination against herpes zoster in england and wales. | a live-attenuated vaccine against herpes zoster (hz) has been approved for use, on the basis of a large-scale clinical trial that suggests that the vaccine is safe and efficacious. this study uses a markov cohort model to estimate whether routine vaccination of the elderly (60+) would be cost-effective, when compared with other uses of health care resources. vaccine efficacy parameters are estimated by fitting a model to clinical trial data. estimates of qaly losses due to acute hz and post-herp ... | 2009 | 19135492 |
| investigation of an outbreak of salmonella enterica serovar newport infection. | a large outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype newport infection occurred in northern ireland during september and october 2004. typing of isolates from patients confirmed that this strain was indistinguishable from that in concurrent outbreaks in regions of england, in scotland and in the isle of man. a total of 130 cases were distributed unequally across local government district areas in northern ireland. the epidemic curve suggested a continued exposure over about 4 weeks. a matched case-c ... | 2009 | 19296871 |
| extending specialist palliative care to people with heart failure: semantic, historical and practical limitations to policy guidelines. | this paper explores the continuities and discontinuities in recent policy on the extension of palliative care to people with heart failure in the uk. it focuses on how professionals in cardiology and specialist palliative care negotiate their disciplinary boundaries within the context of these policy moves. it draws out the semantic, historical and practical tensions between the core values of cardiology, with its focus on 'living with heart failure', and specialist palliative medicine, with its ... | 2009 | 19297064 |
| man-midwives. | 2009 | 19297647 | |
| patients' and doctors' views on depression severity questionnaires incentivised in uk quality and outcomes framework: qualitative study. | to gain understanding of general practitioners' and patients' opinions of the routine introduction of standardised measures of severity of depression through the uk general practice quality and outcomes framework. | 2009 | 19299474 |
| antenatal screening and prevalence of infection: surveillance in london, 2000-2007. | in the united kingdom (uk), it is recommended to universally offer antenatal infection screening for human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), hepatitis b and syphilis infections, and susceptibility to rubella for the benefit of the mother and to reduce vertical transmission of infection. this paper describes the surveillance of antenatal infection including uptake of screening, and the results of testing in pregnant women in london between 2000 and 2007. antenatal screening coordinators in liaison wi ... | 2009 | 19317973 |
| a chance meeting. | 2009 | 19318370 | |
| call to volunteer. | volunteers can contribute a great deal to people receiving health or social care. some of the quirky activities they offer are contact with owls and the provision of arts and crafts materials. | 2009 | 19323106 |
| osteoprotegerin and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappab ligand and risk for coronary events: a nested case-control approach in the prospective epic-norfolk population study 1993-2003. | the purpose of this study was to examine the association between serum levels of osteoprotegerin (opg) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappab ligand (rankl) and future coronary artery disease (cad) in apparently healthy individuals. the identification of opg as a novel cardiovascular risk marker suggests an association between mediators of bone homeostasis and cardiovascular disease. | 2009 | 19325145 |
| risk factors for the occurrence of escherichia coli virulence genes eae, stx1 and stx2 in wild bird populations. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) can cause serious disease in human beings. ruminants are considered to be the main reservoir of human stec infections. however, stec have also been isolated from other domestic animals, wild mammals and birds. we describe a cross-sectional study of wild birds in northern england to determine the prevalence of e. coli-containing genes that encode shiga toxins (stx1 and stx2) and intimin (eae), important virulence determinants of stec associated with h ... | 2009 | 19327201 |
| surgical research in the uk. | this review focuses on the history of, and recent developments in, the law and ethics of research with practical advice for surgeons conducting clinical research. legal references apply to england and wales or to scotland, but the underlying ethical principles reflect modern approaches taken internationally. | 2009 | 19335967 |
| temporal patterns and risk factors for escherichia coli o157 and campylobacter spp, in young cattle. | escherichia coli o157 and campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are zoonotic pathogens originating from farm animals. cattle are the main reservoir for e. coli o157 and also contribute to human cases of campylobacteriosis through contaminated milk, direct contact, and environmental contamination. thirty groups of young cattle on 30 farms were observed for 7 months and sampled on 4 to 6 separate occasions for e. coli o157 and c. jejuni/coli to characterize shedding patterns and identify ris ... | 2009 | 19343935 |
| surgeons' experience of learning psychological skills: a preliminary evaluation of a psychological skills training course. | a range of human factors have been shown to impact on surgical performance although little is known about the impact of training on the views of surgeons towards these factors or how receptive surgeons are to such training. | 2009 | 19344556 |
| dioxin and pcb contamination in chinese mitten crabs: human consumption as a control mechanism for an invasive species. | the chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis is an invasive species in north american and northeastern european rivers and estuaries, especially the thames, england, with the potential to cause considerable ecological and structural environmental damage. the brown meat of sexually ripe mitten crabs is highly prized in far eastern restaurants, suggesting that harvesting for culinary purposes offers a potential population control mechanism. we have analyzed tissues of thames and dutch mitten crabs f ... | 2009 | 19350945 |
| polychlorinated biphenyls in domestic dust from canada, new zealand, united kingdom and united states: implications for human exposure. | ingestion of indoor dust has been highlighted as an important pathway of exposure to brominated flame retardants. hence, polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) were determined in indoor dust from homes in amarillo/austin, tx, usa (n=20; median concentration=200 ng sigma pcb g(-1)); birmingham, uk (n=20; 48 ng sigma pcb g(-1)); toronto, canada (n=10; 260 ng sigma pcb g(-1)); and wellington, new zealand (n=20; 46 ng sigma pcb g(-1)). concentrations in canadian and us samples were statistically indisting ... | 2009 | 19356786 |
| recent origin and spread of a common welsh mapt splice mutation causing frontotemporal lobar degeneration. | ivs10+16c>t is the most prevalent mutation in the microtubule-associated protein tau gene (mapt) causing frontotemporal lobar degeneration (ftld) in populations of british descent. a highly conserved 17q21 haplotype was identified in ivs10+16c>t chromosomes from north wales, greater manchester and the london areas of the uk, australia, and the usa, suggesting the occurrence of a common founder effect. to test this hypothesis, the age of the mutation was estimated by parametric and bayesian analy ... | 2009 | 19365643 |
| canine leishmaniosis in the united kingdom: a zoonotic disease waiting for a vector? | leishmaniosis is an important sand fly transmitted protozoan disease of dogs and humans. in northern europe, infection is mainly restricted to dogs that have travelled to and/or from endemic areas of the mediterranean region during periods when there is high sand fly exposure, mostly between march and november. infected dogs in these areas in northern latitudes are a potential reservoir should incursion of a competent vector occur. however, information on the scale of the potential reservoir in ... | 2009 | 19369005 |
| mental capacity to consent to treatment and admission decisions in older adult psychiatric inpatients. | there is little information about older adult psychiatric inpatients' capacity to consent to clinical decisions. in younger adults, lack of capacity is associated with poor insight and psychosis rather than cognitive impairment. we assessed the prevalence and predictors of mental capacity to make treatment and admission decisions in older psychiatric inpatients, and asked their views about who should make these decisions. | 2009 | 19378346 |
| the synergistic effect of autograft and bmp-7 in the treatment of atrophic nonunions. | combining autologous bone graft and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (bmp-7) to treat long-bone fracture aseptic atrophic nonunions theoretically could promote bone healing at higher rates than each of these grafting agents separately. we retrospectively reviewed prospectively collected data on patient general characteristics, clinical outcomes, and complications over 3 years to determine the healing rates and the incidence of complications and adverse events of this "graft expansi ... | 2009 | 19396502 |
| what motivated dr david livingstone (1813-73) in his work in africa? | born of humble beginnings in a scottish mill-town, david livingstone would become one of the great explorers of the 19th century, traversing 30,000 miles of unknown africa. his pioneering spirit and inquisitive mind brought knowledge and discoveries in the fields of tropical medicine, linguistics, botany, zoology, anthropology and geology. while it can be argued that livingstone exhibited contradictions and shortcomings as a man, he nonetheless grasped the imagination of victorian britain and he ... | 2009 | 19401513 |
| samuel alderman lomas (1838-1901) the man with two gravestones, his brother muscot atkin lomas (1840-1907) and their lives in victorian asylums. | samuel alderman lomas died in the hertfordshire county asylum, hill end, st albans in 1901. he was buried in the asylum cemetery where two gravestones bear his name. this paper traces his life history and that of his brother muscot atkin lomas. both were classed as idiots in victorian society and spent most of their lives -- from childhood until death -- in asylums. | 2009 | 19401514 |
| community hiv testing for men who have sex with men: results of a pilot project and comparison of service users with those testing in genitourinary medicine clinics. | results of a community hiv testing pilot (fastest) targeting men who have sex with men (msm) in brighton are reported and service users are compared with those testing in genitourinary medicine (gum) clinics. fastest offers rapid hiv testing in a weekly evening drop-in session staffed by gum professionals in a community organisation. it was prospectively evaluated from november 2004 to march 2006 using a self-completed paper questionnaire assessing demographics, previous use of gum, hiv testing ... | 2009 | 19060035 |
| can syndromic thresholds provide early warning of national influenza outbreaks? | influenza incidence thresholds are used to help predict the likely impact of influenza and inform health professionals and the public of current activity. we evaluate the potential of syndromic data (calls to a uk health helpline nhs direct) to provide early warning of national influenza outbreaks. | 2009 | 18032426 |
| health sector leadership in mitigating climate change: experience from the uk and nsw. | the threat to human health from climate change means that all levels of government and private and public agencies will need to change their current practices to reduce carbon emissions. the health sector will also need to respond and change practice. the national health service in the united kingdom is developing a systematic and strategic approach to reduce its carbon footprint, as described in the recently released nhs carbon reduction strategy for england. the work is being led by the servic ... | 2009 | 20132739 |
| cerebral localization in the nineteenth century--the birth of a science and its modern consequences. | although many individuals contributed to the development of the science of cerebral localization, its conceptual framework is the work of a single man--john hughlings jackson (1835-1911), a victorian physician practicing in london. hughlings jackson's formulation of a neurological science consisted of an axiomatic basis, an experimental methodology, and a clinical neurophysiology. his axiom--that the brain is an exclusively sensorimotor machine--separated neurology from psychiatry and establishe ... | 2009 | 20183205 |
| the role of focal epilepsy in the development of jacksonian localization. | in the 1860s john hughlings jackson (1835-1911) reasoned on theoretical grounds that voluntary movements probably were represented in the human cerebral cortex. he then studied the clinical phenomenologies and pathological associations of human focal motor epileptic seizures, post-epileptic hemiplegia and aphasia, and also chorea. from these various lines of evidence he concluded by 1870 that voluntary movement of the face and upper limb on the opposite side were represented in a localized area ... | 2009 | 20183206 |
| harold shaw and the ross sea party: epilepsy in the antarctic. | harold shaw was a 29-year-old man with epilepsy who was part of the ross sea party. sailing on the vessel aurora, their mission was to lay the supply depots for shackleton's men that would allow them to complete the second half of their trans-antarctic crossing. shaw suffered nocturnal seizures that were documented in the diaries of the senior officers. the nocturnal convulsions were followed by confused wanderings, described as somnambulism, around the ship, that were most likely postictal beha ... | 2009 | 20183212 |
| vampires and resurrection men: the perils and pleasures of the embodied past in 1840s sensational fiction. | this essay examines embodied representations of the past in two of the most popular penny serials of the 1840s, g.w.m. reynolds's "the mysteries of london" and james malcolm rymer's "varney the vampyre; or, the feast of blood." the cadaverous "resurrection man" of "the mysteries" and sir francis varney the vampire -- both villains figured as irrepressible, resurrected corpses -- corporealize the inescapable return of personal and political history. functioning as shadowy doubles of their serials ... | 2009 | 20533615 |
| variation in the dysbindin gene and normal cognitive function in three independent population samples. | the association between dtnbp1 genotype and cognitive abilities was investigated in three population samples (1054 scottish, 1806 australian and 745 english) of varying age. there was evidence in each of the cohorts for association (p < 0.05) to single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and haplotypes previously shown to relate to cognition. by comparison with previous findings, these associations included measures of memory, and there was at best equivocal evidence of association with general cogn ... | 2009 | 19077176 |
| hepatic fascioliasis at a london hospital--the importance of recognising typical radiological features to avoid a delay in diagnosis. | hepatic fascioliasis is a zoonosis caused by the trematode fasciola hepatica, which can cause hepatobiliary disease in humans via the ingestion of contaminated water or aquatic vegetables. reported cases of human infection with f. hepatica arise in regions where cattle are raised, with particular abundance in south america and the middle east. the typical radiological appearances associated with fascioliasis are well reported and are likely to be more easily recognisable by radiologists in these ... | 2009 | 19729549 |
| j. j. thomson goes to america. | joseph john (j. j.) thomson was an accomplished scientist who helped lay the foundations of nuclear physics. a humble man of working class roots, thomson went on to become one of the most influential physicists of the late 19th century. he is credited with the discovery of the electron, received a nobel prize in physics in 1906 for investigations into the conduction of electricity by gases, was knighted in 1908, and served as a cavendish professor and director of the laboratory for over 35 years ... | 2009 | 19734055 |
| research involving storage and use of human tissue: how did the human tissue act 2004 affect decisions by research ethics committees? | little is known about the types of issues research ethics committees (recs) raise in their letters about research involving the storage and use of human tissue. | 2009 | 19734481 |
| potent and selective agonism of the melanocortin receptor 4 with mk-0493 does not induce weight loss in obese human subjects: energy intake predicts lack of weight loss efficacy. | mk-0493 is a novel, potent, and selective agonist of the melanocortin receptor 4 (mc4r), one of the best-validated genetic targets and considered one of the most promising for the development of antiobesity therapeutics. an ad libitum energy-intake model was qualified with excellent reproducibility: the geometric mean ratio (gmr) with 95% confidence interval (ci) for total energy intake over a period of 24 h for 30 mg sibutramine/placebo was 0.82 (0.76, 0.88), and for 10 mg sibutramine/placebo i ... | 2009 | 19741604 |
| collection of routine national seasonal influenza vaccine coverage data from gp practices in england using a web-based collection system. | this paper describes a web-based system developed to collect data on influenza (flu) vaccine uptake in near real time during the flu season in england. data are collected from all gp practices providing the immunisation programme. data are submitted either monthly or weekly on-line to a website using manual, automated and semi-automated methods. during the 2008/09 season, a final response rate of 96.2% was achieved (n=7980/8293). this equates to 52,217,430 gp registered patients aged 6 months an ... | 2009 | 19747574 |
| compliance and side effects of prophylactic oseltamivir treatment in a school in south west england. | school closure along with mass prophylactic oseltamivir treatment of pupils have been used in england and elsewhere to contain school outbreaks of influenza a(h1n1)v. we evaluated the protective effect, compliance with and side effects of oseltamivir chemoprophylactic treatment with a ten-day course of 1x 75mg given to 11-12-year-old pupils in one school year in a secondary school in south west england closed for ten days in response to a symptomatic laboratory-confirmed pupil. we distributed a ... | 2009 | 19643061 |
| oseltamivir adherence and side effects among children in three london schools affected by influenza a(h1n1)v, may 2009 - an internet-based cross-sectional survey. | this report describes the results of a cross-sectional anonymised online survey on adherence to, and side effects from oseltamivir when offered for prophylaxis, among pupils from one primary and two secondary schools with confirmed cases of influenza a(h1n1)v in london in april-may 2009. of 103 respondents (response rate 40%), 95 were estimated to have been offered oseltamivir for prophylaxis, of whom 85 (89%) actually took any. less than half (48%) of primary schoolchildren completed a full cou ... | 2009 | 19643062 |
| modelling the impact of an influenza a/h1n1 pandemic on critical care demand from early pathogenicity data: the case for sentinel reporting. | projected critical care demand for pandemic influenza h1n1 in england was estimated in this study. the effect of varying hospital admission rates under statistical uncertainty was examined. early in a pandemic, uncertainty in epidemiological parameters leads to a wide range of credible scenarios, with projected demand ranging from insignificant to overwhelming. however, even small changes to input assumptions make the major incident scenario increasingly likely. before any cases are admitted to ... | 2009 | 19645759 |
| critical care bed capacity during the flu pandemic: implications for anaesthetic and critical care departments. | 2009 | 19645760 | |
| swine flu incidence in england is slowing down. | 2009 | 19651687 | |
| report of two unlinked cases of infant botulism in the uk in october 2007. | infant botulism is a rare disease in the uk, with the first case being recognized in 1978 and only five subsequent cases being reported before 2007. this study reports two unlinked cases of infant botulism, caused by two distinct strains of clostridium botulinum (toxin types a and b, respectively), that occurred within a single month in the south-east of england in october 2007. the use of real-time pcr to detect c. botulinum neurotoxin genes in clinical specimens to improve the diagnostic proce ... | 2009 | 19661202 |
| nevirapine increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration by stimulation of apolipoprotein a-i production. | the purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nnrti) nevirapine (nvp) increases high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (hdlc) in treatment-experienced human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1)-infected patients. | 2009 | 19667106 |
| a/h1n1 pandemic. too soon for congratulations. | 2009 | 19671603 | |
| determinants of personal exposure to pm2.5, ultrafine particle counts, and co in a transport microenvironment. | short-term human exposure concentrations to pm2.5, ultrafine particle counts (particle range: 0.02-1 microm), and carbon monoxide (co) were investigated at and around a street canyon intersection in central london, uk. during a four week field campaign, groups of four volunteers collected samples at three timings (morning, lunch, and afternoon), along two different routes (a heavily trafficked route and a backstreet route) via five modes of transport (walking, cycling, bus, car, and taxi). this ... | 2009 | 19673259 |
| disease presentation in relation to infection foci for non-pregnancy-associated human listeriosis in england and wales, 2001 to 2007. | listeriosis is a rare but severe food-borne disease, affecting unborn or newly delivered infants, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. the epidemiology of listeriosis in england and wales changed between 2001 and 2007, with more patients > or = 60 years old presenting with bacteremia (but without central nervous system [cns] involvement). in order to explain this increase and understand the altered disease presentation, clinical, microbiological, and seasonal data on bacteremic cases of liste ... | 2009 | 19675217 |
| [joseph toynbee--otologist, scientist, philanthropist]. | joseph tonbee's life's work may be summarized in the words of william wilde: "the labours and investigations of mr. toynbee have affected more for aural pathology than those of all his predecessors either in england or on the continent". some idea of the extent of his researches is given by the fact that he dissected some 2.000 ears. these preparations formed the toynbee collection in the museum of the royal college of surgeons of england. he wrote the results of his researches in a catalogue th ... | 2009 | 19681496 |
| four at-risk groups will be first to be vaccinated against swine flu, says chief medical officer. | 2009 | 19687089 | |
| a non-synonymous variant in adh1b is strongly associated with prenatal alcohol use in a european sample of pregnant women. | pregnant women are advised to abstain from alcohol despite insufficient evidence on the fetal consequences of moderate prenatal alcohol use. mendelian randomization could help distinguish causal effects from artifacts due to residual confounding and measurement errors; however, polymorphisms reliably associated with alcohol phenotypes are needed. we aimed to test whether alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) gene variants were associated with alcohol use before and during pregnancy. ten variants in four a ... | 2009 | 19687126 |
| a tribute to barney marriott. | in this brief tribute to barney marriott, i wanted to share the story of his life both personal and professional. barney was a great man, friend, physician, mentor, teacher, and/or colleague to thousands of physicians, nurses, technicians, and industry groups worldwide, many of whom may not be aware of his passing on august 31, 2007. one simply could not have gotten through cardiology training at any level without having been exposed to 1 of his 21 textbooks or his 140 plus journal articles, or ... | 2009 | 19695376 |
| clinical characteristics of paediatric h1n1 admissions in birmingham, uk. | 2009 | 19700001 | |
| incidence of swine flu in england continues to fall, but winter surge is predicted. | 2009 | 19700521 | |
| a cross sectional study of the prevalence, risk factors and population attributable fractions for limb and body lesions in lactating sows on commercial farms in england. | lesions on sows' limbs and bodies are an abnormality that might impact on their welfare. the prevalence of and risks for limb and body lesions on lactating sows on commercial english pig farms were investigated using direct observation of the sows and their housing. | 2009 | 19703273 |
| hereditary hemochromatosis gene (hfe) variants are associated with birth weight and childhood leukemia risk. | our original studies reported an association between the iron-metabolism gene hfe and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all), and a birth weight association in all. through its effect on cell proliferation, iron is involved in both fetal development and cancer. we hypothesize that hfe links higher infant birth weight with leukemia risk and that maternal hfe genotype modifies this association. | 2009 | 19711434 |
| surgeons prepared for every eventuality. | aspiring and experienced surgeons across the west midlands can now hone their skills in a highly realistic simulated operating theatre environment following the recent opening of a new surgical skills training centre at the university hospital of coventry and warwickshire, said to be among the uk's first such facilities to offer training using real human tissue. the west midlands surgical training centre also incorporates audiovisual and ip technology that will enable surgical procedures to be t ... | 2009 | 19711670 |
| the importance of school and social activities in the transmission of influenza a(h1n1)v: england, april - june 2009. | during the containment phase in the united kingdom (april to june 2009), a cluster of influenza a(h1n1)v cases was identified prompting further investigation and public health action by the health protection agency. the first confirmed case, a pupil at a school in england, was imported. during the following two weeks, 16 further cases were confirmed with epidemiological links to the first imported case. in this cluster, we found that significant transmission occurred in two classes with attack r ... | 2009 | 19712642 |
| monitoring the emergence of community transmission of influenza a/h1n1 2009 in england: a cross sectional opportunistic survey of self sampled telephone callers to nhs direct. | to evaluate ascertainment of the onset of community transmission of influenza a/h1n1 2009 (swine flu) in england during the earliest phase of the epidemic through comparing data from two surveillance systems. | 2009 | 19713236 |
| mortality in adult intensive care patients with severe systemic inflammatory response syndromes is strongly associated with the hypo-immune tnf -238a polymorphism. | the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (sirs) is associated with activation of innate immunity. we studied the association between mortality and measures of disease severity in the intensive care unit (icu) and functional polymorphisms in genes coding for toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4), macrophage migratory inhibitory factor (mif), tumour necrosis factor (tnf) and lymphotoxin-alpha (lta). two hundred thirty-three patients with severe sirs were recruited from one general adult icu in a tertiary ... | 2009 | 19714324 |
| anatomy, technology, art, and culture: toward a realistic perspective of the brain. | in the 15th century, brain illustration began to change from a schematic system that involved scant objective rendering of the brain, to accurate depictions based on anatomical dissections that demanded significant artistic talent. notable examples of this innovation are the drawings of leonardo da vinci (1498-1504), andreas vesalius' association with the bottega of titian to produce the drawings of vesalius' de humani corporis fabrica (1543), and christopher wren's illustrations for thomas will ... | 2009 | 19722816 |
| the effect of exclusion of cases with unrecorded best estimate of gestational age on the estimates of preterm birth rate. | to investigate the effect of excluding cases with unrecorded best estimate of gestational age at birth on pregnancy outcome reporting and to determine the reasons for unrecorded gestational age data. | 2009 | 19438493 |
| inflammatory markers and growth in south asian and european origin infants in britain: the manchester children's growth and vascular health study. | given the high risk of cardiovascular disease in south asians and the importance of inflammation in coronary heart disease we tested the hypothesis that circulating c-reactive protein (crp) and interleukin 6 (il-6) would be higher in healthy british born infants of south asian origin than in infants of european origin in the first 2 years of life. | 2009 | 19439300 |
| will the nhs continue to function in an influenza pandemic? a survey of healthcare workers in the west midlands, uk. | if uk healthcare services are to respond effectively to pandemic influenza, levels of absenteeism amongst healthcare workers (hcws) must be minimised. current estimates of the likelihood that hcws will continue to attend work during a pandemic are subject to scientific and predictive uncertainty, yet an informed evidence base is needed if contingency plans addressing the issues of hcw absenteeism are to be prepared. | 2009 | 19442272 |
| protecting infants against measles in england and wales: a review. | to establish the most appropriate age ranges for the use of human normal immunoglobulin and mmr vaccine as postexposure prophylaxis. | 2009 | 19457878 |
| ecosystem service benefits of contrasting conservation strategies in a human-dominated region. | the hope among policy-makers and scientists alike is that conservation strategies designed to protect biodiversity also provide direct benefits to people by protecting other vital ecosystem services. the few studies that have examined the delivery of ecosystem services by existing conservation efforts have concentrated on large, 'wilderness'-style biodiversity reserves. however, such reserves are not realistic options for densely populated regions. here, we provide the first analyses that compar ... | 2009 | 19474040 |
| a randomised controlled trial to compare minimally invasive glucose monitoring devices with conventional monitoring in the management of insulin-treated diabetes mellitus (mitre). | to evaluate whether the additional information provided by minimally invasive glucose monitors results in improved glycaemic control in people with poorly controlled insulin-requiring diabetes, and to assess the acceptability and health economic impact of the devices. | 2009 | 19476724 |
| a strange and surprising debate: mountains, original sin and 'science' in seventeenth-century england. | it could come as a shock to learn that some seventeenth-century men of science and learning thought that mountains were bad. even more alarmingly, some thought that god had imposed them on the earth to punish man for his sins. by the end of the seventeenth century, surprisingly many english natural philosophers and theologians were engaged in a debate about whether mountains were 'good' or 'bad', useful or useless. at stake in this debate were not just the careers of its participants, but argume ... | 2009 | 19477013 |
| human metapneumovirus: a new threat? | 2009 | 19478119 | |
| statistical modeling suggests that antiandrogens in effluents from wastewater treatment works contribute to widespread sexual disruption in fish living in english rivers. | the widespread occurrence of feminized male fish downstream of some wastewater treatment works has led to substantial interest from ecologists and public health professionals. this concern stems from the view that the effects observed have a parallel in humans, and that both phenomena are caused by exposure to mixtures of contaminants that interfere with reproductive development. the evidence for a "wildlife-human connection" is, however, weak: testicular dysgenesis syndrome, seen in human males ... | 2009 | 19479024 |
| research involving adults who lack capacity: how have research ethics committees interpreted the requirements? | two separate regulatory regimes govern research with adults who lack capacity to consent in england and wales: the mental capacity act (mca) 2005 and the medicines for human use (clinical trials) regulations 2004 ("the regulations"). a service evaluation was conducted to investigate how research ethics committees (recs) are interpreting the requirements. with the use of a coding scheme and qualitative software, a sample of rec decision letters where applicants indicated that their project involv ... | 2009 | 19482983 |
| familial spontaneous pneumothorax and lung cysts due to a folliculin exon 10 mutation. | approximately 10% of patients who have a spontaneous pneumothorax have a positive family history. in 1977, birt, hogg and dube (bhd) described a genodermatosis characterised by benign tumours of the hair follicle that has been associated with renal neoplasms and spontaneous pneumothorax. the bhd locus is located on chromosome 17p11.2 and is now known to be due to heterozygous germline mutations in the folliculin gene. we report three generations of an english family who suffered spontaneous pneu ... | 2009 | 19483054 |
| an integrated tool to assess the role of new planting in pm10 capture and the human health benefits: a case study in london. | the role of vegetation in mitigating the effects of pm(10) pollution has been highlighted as one potential benefit of urban greenspace. an integrated modelling approach is presented which utilises air dispersion (adms-urban) and particulate interception (ufore) to predict the pm(10) concentrations both before and after greenspace establishment, using a 10 x 10 km area of east london green grid (elgg) as a case study. the corresponding health benefits, in terms of premature mortality and respirat ... | 2009 | 19501436 |