Publications

meta-analysis of social inequality and the risk of cervical cancer.	previous studies of the relationship between socio-economic status and cervical cancer have been mainly based on record linkage of routine data, such as cancer registry incidence rates and regional measures of social class based on census data. these routine data are liable to substantial misclassification with respect to socio-economic status. previous reports are also primarily from developed countries, whereas the major burden of cervical cancer is in developing countries. we have therefore p ...	2003	12740919
establishment and characterization of rat progenitor hair cell lines.	cochlear progenitor hair cell lines are useful for studies of cellular specification, gene expression features, and signal transduction involved in the development of hair cells. to obtain embryonic and postnatal cochlear progenitor hair cell lines, we immortalized primary cultures of sensorineural epithelial cells from otocysts on embryonic day 12 (e12) and explants of the organ of corti tissues on postnatal day 5 (p5). primary cultures and explants were then transduced by the e6/e7 genes of hu ...	2003	12742237
activation of adenovirus early promoters and lytic phase in differentiated strata of organotypic cultures of human keratinocytes.	human oncolytic adenoviruses have been used in clinical trials targeting cancers of epithelial origin. to gain a better understanding of the infectious cycle of adenovirus in normal human squamous tissues, we examined the viral infection process in organotypic cultures of primary human keratinocytes. we show that for the infection to occur, wounding of the epithelium is required. in addition, infection appears to initiate at the basal or parabasal cells that express the high-affinity coxsackievi ...	2003	12743310
classification of human papillomavirus.		2003	12748326
routine genotyping of human papillomavirus samples in denmark.	in order to examine a sensitive unbiased consensus pcr with routine sequencing for hpv typing, we analysed danish male and female patients suspected of having an hpv infection. we used the well-characterised nested pcr setting with my09/my11 and gp5+/gp6+ primers, followed by routine cycle sequencing. of 1283 clinical samples from female patients based on suspected hpv infection, we found 379 (29%) negatives and 894 (70%) positives. samples containing >5000 hpv copies/ml were genotyped by sequen ...	2003	12752219
multiple human papillomavirus dna identified in verruciform xanthoma by nested polymerase chain reaction with degenerate consensus primers.		2003	12753178
human papillomaviruses type 16+ and 18+ cervical carcinoma cells are sensitive to staurosporine-mediated apoptosis.	we have recently shown that staurosporine (st) can trigger apoptosis of caski and hela cervical tumor cells from g2/m checkpoint, though the mechanism remains elusive. in this study, we reported that st induced the inhibition of e6 and e7 viral oncogene and mdm2 expression, while it led to increased levels of p53, which was transiently located to mitochondria. additionally, the proteins of the p53-regulated genes, p21(waf1) and bax, were increased with a similar time, while bcl-2 and bcl-x(l) ex ...	2003	12753950
recent advances in the pathology of the vulva.	this review addresses recent and important advances in our knowledge of several uncommon or rare disorders of the vulva including paget's disease, vulva intraepithelial neoplasia, lichen sclerosus and squamous hyperplasia and their relationship to squamous carcinoma. emphasis is placed on the two biologically different types of squamous carcinoma related and unrelated to human papillomavirus infection. finally, the relatively recent concept of the sentinel node as applied to vulva carcinoma is d ...	2003	12605639
hpv infections in benign and malignant sinonasal lesions.	this review updates the evidence that the human papillomavirus (hpv) is involved in the development of benign and malignant sinonasal lesions. since the early 1980s, when evidence was provided on the possible involvement of hpv in the aetiology of both benign respiratory papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas, a substantial number of studies have explored this issue. to date, 33.3% of sinonasal papillomas and 21.7% of sinonasal carcinomas analysed have been shown to be positive for hpv. many el ...	2003	12610092
human papillomavirus types 16, 31, and 58 use different endocytosis pathways to enter cells.	the early steps of the intracellular trafficking of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16), -31, and -58 pseudovirions were studied by investigating the effects of drugs acting at defined points of endocytosis pathways on virus-like particle-mediated pseudoinfection by overexpression of a dominant-negative form of the eps15 protein to inhibit clathrin-mediated endocytosis and by electron microscopy. the results obtained suggested the involvement of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in hpv-16 and hpv- ...	2003	12610160
effect of vaccine delivery system on the induction of hpv16l1-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in immunized rhesus macaques.	there have been numerous studies to assess the immunogenicity of candidate therapeutic and prophylactic vaccines for human papillomavirus (hpv), but few of them have directly compared different vaccines in an immunologically relevant animal system. in the present study, several vaccine delivery systems (vlps, chimeric vlps, plasmid dna, and a replication incompetent adenoviral vector) expressing hpv16l1 were evaluated for their ability to induce hpv16l1 vlp-specific humoral immune responses, inc ...	2003	12615451
detection of human papillomavirus in sanitary napkins: a new paradigm in cervical cancer screening.	human papillomavirus was successfully detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in menstrual blood or vaginal discharge collected in sanitary napkins in 100% of 17 women having koilocytosis, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, or squamous carcinoma. we advocate this form of cervical cancer screening because of its high sensitivity and acceptance by patients.	2003	12619095
the role of tp53 in cervical carcinogenesis.	functional loss of the tumor suppressor p53 by alterations in its tp53 gene is a frequent event in cancers of different anatomical regions. cervical cancer is strongly linked to infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) types. the viral oncoprotein e6 has the ability to associate with and neutralize the function of p53. e6 interacts with a 100-kda cellular protein, termed e6 associated protein (e6ap; also called ubiquitin-protein ligase e3a or ube3a), which functions as an ubiquitin prot ...	2003	12619117
requirement of e6ap and the features of human papillomavirus e6 necessary to support degradation of p53.	e6 oncoproteins from human papillomavirus type 16 (16e6) and bovine papillomavirus type 1 (be6) bind to leucine rich peptides (called charged leucine, lxxll, or signature peptides) found on target cellular proteins. be6 and 16e6 both bind the product of the ube3a gene called e6ap on a charged leucine peptide, lqell. e6ap is an e3 ubiquitin ligase that together with 16e6 interacts with p53 to target p53 degradation. although both be6 and 16e6 bind the lqell peptide of e6ap, only 16e6 acts as an a ...	2003	12620801
human papillomavirus therapy for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.	cervical carcinoma is associated with human papillomavirus infection. proliferation of cancer cells depends on the continual expression of the e6 and e7 viral oncogenes. this article includes treatment strategies that can interfere with expression or function of the proteins and immunotherapeutic approaches that can eliminate cells that express e6 and e7 proteins.	2003	12594937
crystal structure of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein bound to e2f and the molecular basis of its regulation.	the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (prb) regulates the cell cycle, facilitates differentiation, and restrains apoptosis. furthermore, dysfunctional prb is thought to be involved in the development of most human malignancies. many of the functions of prb are mediated by its regulation of the e2f transcription factors. to understand the structural basis for this regulation, we have determined the crystal structure of a fragment of e2f in complex with the pocket domain of the tumor suppres ...	2003	12598654
human papillomavirus type-16 variants in quechua aboriginals from argentina.	cervical carcinoma is the leading cause of cancer death in quechua indians from jujuy (northwestern argentina). to determine the prevalence of hpv-16 variants, 106 hpv-16 positive cervical samples were studied, including 33 low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (lsil), 28 high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (hsil), 9 invasive cervical cancer (icc), and 36 samples from women with normal colposcopy and cytology. hpv genome variability was examined in the l1 and e6 genes by pcr-hybridi ...	2003	12601763
topical imiquimod 5% cream as an effective treatment for external genital and perianal warts in different patient populations.	genital infection with human papillomavirus, the cause of genital warts, is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases.	2003	12567169
distribution of human papillomavirus in a family planning population in nairobi, kenya.	in sub-saharan africa, cervical cancer is the leading cancer among women. the causative role of different human papillomavirus (hpv) types in cervical cancer is established, but the distribution of hpv types within this region is largely unknown.	2003	12567172
giant condyloma of buschke-loewenstein in association with erythroderma.	the buschke-loewenstein tumour is regarded as a type of verrucous carcinoma occurring on anogenital mucosal surfaces. the tumour is locally invasive but displays a benign cytology and rarely metastasizes. it is associated with human papillomavirus types 6 and 11. we describe a case of buschke-loewenstein tumour occurring in a 61-year-old man which behaved in a locally aggressive manner and was associated with human papillomavirus type 16 and erythroderma which proved resistant to treatment. the ...	2003	12558630
abrogation of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor checkpoint during keratinocyte immortalization is not sufficient for induction of centrosome-mediated genomic instability.	deregulation of the retinoblastoma (prb) tumor suppressor pathway and telomerase activation have been identified as rate-limiting steps for immortalization of primary human epithelial cells. however, additional molecular aberrations including p53 inactivation, ras activation, and deregulation of protein phosphatase 2a activity are necessary for full transformation of immortalized epithelial cells. genomic instability is observed in most human tumors and constitutes an important mechanism to allo ...	2003	12543805
the changing clinical spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related oral lesions in 1,000 consecutive patients: a 12-year study in a referral center in mexico.	in developing countries, the variations in the clinical spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-related oral lesions over time, and the possible effects of antiretroviral therapy, have not been described. in this study we evaluate the clinical spectrum of oral lesions in a series of hiv-infected patients when first examined at the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) clinic of a tertiary care institution in mexico city, mexico, and the changes observed over 12 years. all hiv-infected ...	2003	12544709
evaluation of antibody response to human papillomavirus early proteins in women in whom cervical cancer developed 1 to 20 years later.	infection with oncogenic human papillomaviruses (hpvs) is the most important cause of cervical cancer worldwide. after infection there is a long latency period of at least 10 to 15 years during which cervical cancer develops in a small proportion of originally infected women. up to 50% of these women have at diagnosis antibodies to the hpv oncoproteins e6 and e7, which are rarely found among healthy women. our purpose was to evaluate whether antibodies to hpv16 and hpv18 e6 and e7 proteins are u ...	2003	12548195
polymorphisms and mutations found in the regions flanking exons 5 to 8 of the tp53 gene in a population at high risk for esophageal cancer in south africa.	a previous study in esophageal cancer (ec) patients from south africa showed that 17% of tumors contained somatic mutations, including small deletions, insertions, and point mutations, resulting in frameshifts or amino acid changes in exons 5-8 of the tp53 gene. in the present study, polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism and dna sequence analysis were used to search for sequence variation in the regions flanking exons 5-8 in a series of 74 primary human esophageal squ ...	2003	12550754
polymorphisms for chemical metabolizing genes and risk for cervical neoplasia.	infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) plays a major role in the etiology of cervical cancer (cc). however, most infected women do not develop cancer. therefore, exposure to other carcinogenic agents may be a contributing risk factor for cc. we investigated the hypothesis that environmental exposure to cigarette smoke and inheritance of polymorphic chemical metabolizing genes (cyp2e1, gstm1, and meh) significantly increase the risk for neoplasia. we selected 76 cases with high-grade ...	2003	12552594
epidemiologic classification of human papillomavirus types associated with cervical cancer.	infection with human papilloma virus (hpv) is the main cause of cervical cancer, but the risk associated with the various hpv types has not been adequately assessed.	2003	12571259
treatment of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16-infected cells using herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase-mediated gene therapy transcriptionally regulated by the hpv e2 protein.	human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) is associated with development of anogenital squamous cell cancers (sccs) and their precursor, intraepithelial neoplasia (in). few approaches to the treatment of in to prevent scc are targeted specifically to hpv. we have designed an hpv-specific therapy using the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (hsv-1 tk) gene driven by an hpv-specific promoter in the hpv-16 long control region (lcr) (nucleotide 7450-nucleotide 104), which is regulated by the h ...	2003	12573058
gene transfer to subdermal tissues via a new gene gun design.	although particle-mediated gene transfer technology (gene gun) has been applied for gene transfer to external tissues, the application of this technology to other tissues has met with limited success. here we report the development of a new design of a gene gun that uses helium discharge to propel dna-coated gold beads that are suspended in liquid. higher discharge pressures allow for the delivery of dna to deeper tissues. using the new gene gun to deliver a luciferase expression plasmid resulte ...	2003	12573061
a transcriptional initiator overlaps with a conserved yy1 binding site in the long control region of human papillomavirus type 16.	a single promoter has so far been found in the long control region (lcrs) of human papillomavirus-16 (hpv-16). multiple promoters exist in the lcrs of several other papillomaviruses, which are spliced to become mrnas for late and some early genes. here we have investigated whether such promoters exist in the lcr of hpv-16. in in vitro transcription experiments, we detected a strong transcript starting 280 bp downstream from the 3' end of the l1 gene between a nuclear matrix attachment region and ...	2003	12573593
combined suicide gene and immunostimulatory gene therapy using aav-mediated gene transfer to hpv-16 transformed mouse cell: decrease of oncogenicity and induction of protection.	to test the effects of combined transduction of a suicide gene and genes coding for various immunostimulatory factors on the oncogenicity and immunogenicity of tc-1 cells (hpv-16 transformed c57bl/6 mouse cells), several bicistronic recombinant adeno-associated viruses (raav) were constructed. each of these constructs carried, and in infected cells expressed, the herpes simplex type 1 thymidine-kinase gene (hsv-tk) and the gene of one of the following immunostimulatory factors: human monocyte ch ...	2003	12579310
chemoimmunotherapy in mice carrying hpv16-associated, mhc class i+ and class i- tumours: effects of cbm-4a potentiated with il-2, il-12, gm-csf and genetically modified tumour vaccines.	the effectiveness of chemoimmunotherapy with ifosfamide derivative cbm-4a and recombinant il-2, il-12, gm-csf, or genetically modified, cytokine-producing tumour vaccines was examined in mice carrying hpv16-associated, mhc class i+ (tc-1), and mhc class i- (mk16) tumours. intraperitoneal treatment of tc-1 or mk16 tumour-bearing mice with cbm-4a produced a significant tumour-inhibitory effect. when the i.p. treatment of the mhc class i+ tc-1 tumour-bearing mice with cbm-4a was followed by peritum ...	2003	12579325
urbanization and the incidence of abnormalities of squamous and glandular epithelium of the cervix.	the large data bases of the dutch cervical screening program can be exploited to establish the relation between urbanization and the incidence of abnormalities of the squamous and glandular epithelium, including mild or greater changes of the squamous and glandular epithelium of the cervix.	2003	12589639
[low yield of hpv dna determination in the distal region of the male urethra].	to assess the prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv) deoxyribonucleic acid (dna), and of clinical and subclinical condilomatosis in men whose sex partners had been diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.	2003	14974269
[identification and typification of the human papilloma virus in women using the "timely detection of cancer" program in durango, mexico].	in mexico, the cervical carcinoma is a public health problem, representing more of 36% of the neoplasms. this carcinoma has been etiologically associated with the human papillomavirus (hpv) infection and the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has been considered as one of the most sensitive methods for its detection. the aim of this study was to determine the hpv types by pcr-rflps in 111 women attending in the doc programs in gomez palacio, durango.	2003	14686060
the epidemiology of cervical cancer.	cervical cancer is one of the most common neoplastic diseases affecting women, with a combined worldwide incidence of almost half a million new cases annually, second only to breast cancer. basic and epidemiologic research conducted during the past 15-20 years have provided overwhelming evidence for an etiologic role for infection with certain types of sexually-transmitted human papillomavirus (hpv) as the primary cause of cervical cancer. the relative risks of cervical cancer following hpv infe ...	2003	14690309
prospects for controlling cervical cancer at the turn of the century.	cervical cancer morbidity and mortality have decreased substantially during the last 50 years mostly due to successful organized or opportunistic screening with pap cytology in high and middle income countries. in many low income countries pap cytology screening is yet to be effectively implemented or has failed to reduce cervical cancer rates to an appreciable extent. the fact that infection with certain human papillomavirus (hpv) types is now recognized as a necessary cause of this disease has ...	2003	14746030
anogenital human papillomavirus infection in males.		2003	15122164
[definitive role of polar residue clusters in b-dna major groove recognition by protein factors].	the 3d structural data for a number of protein-dna complexes were used to analyze the regions of specific contact with the major groove of b-dna double helix. the set included seven nonhomologous complexes featuring 12 dna-binding domains of transcription factors and regulatory factors. the protein domains differed in structure, contained different motifs in the binding region, and broadly varied in chain length, from 30 to 200 residues. protein-dna interaction was assessed as hydrogen bonding b ...	2003	12723474
infection with the oncogenic human papillomavirus type 59 alters protein components of the cornified cell envelope.	infection of the genital tract with human papillomaviruses (hpvs) leads to proliferative and dysplastic epithelial lesions. the mechanisms used by the virus to escape the infected keratinocyte are not well understood. infection of keratinocytes with hpv does not cause lysis, the mechanism used by many viruses to release newly formed virions. for hpv 11, a type associated with a low risk of neoplastic disease, the cornified cell envelope (cce) of infected keratinocytes is thin and fragile, and tr ...	2003	12726726
association of human papillomavirus viral load with hpv16 and high-grade intraepithelial lesion.	the aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between viral type and copy number of human papillomavirus (hpv) with respect to the grade of cervical disease, and also to identify the existence of an hpv type-dependent viral load effect. dna from 275 exocervical specimens, previously evaluated for histologic diagnosis, were evaluated for hpv presence, hpv type, and viral load. viral load determination was performed using the low stringency pcr method (ls-pcr). significant differen ...	2003	12657116
is bacterial vaginosis associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia?	previous research has produced conflicting results regarding the association of bacterial vaginosis (bv) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin). these studies have been weakened in their conclusions mainly by failure to adequately control for the presence of sexually transmitted infections (stis). one proposed mechanism suggesting that carcinogenic nitrosamines acting either independently or via human papilloma virus (hpv) has not been fully tested previously. we undertook a prospective, c ...	2003	12657117
brca1 associates with human papillomavirus type 18 e2 and stimulates e2-dependent transcription.	brca1 is a breast and ovarian cancer-related tumor suppressor and has a role in transcriptional activation. we show here that brca1 enhances human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv-18) e2-dependent transcription in vivo. using biochemical approaches, we discovered that brca1 interacts with the carboxyl-terminus of hpv-18 e2 protein in vivo and in vitro. point mutations in the c-terminus make brca1 defective in transcriptional activation in e2-dependent transcription. this finding suggests that the c-t ...	2003	12767931
inclusion of hpv testing in routine cervical cancer screening for women above 29 years in germany: results for 8466 patients.	in a prospective cohort study 8466 women attending routine cervical cancer screening were recruited. colposcopy was performed on women with any degree of atypia on cytology and/or a positive high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv)-dna test (hc2; hybrid capture 2((c))), and for a randomly selected sample of 3.4% women with negative findings on both. quality control included reviews of cytology, histology, colposcopy images and retesting of samples with polymerase chain reaction. test diagnostic perf ...	2003	12771924
cervical dysplasia: early intervention.	cervical cancer is the second-most common cancer in young women and is one of the most common causes of cancer deaths among women, particularly in minorities and in impoverished countries. cervical dysplasia, a premalignant lesion that can progress to cervical cancer, is caused primarily by a sexually transmitted infection with an oncogenic strain of the human papillomavirus (hpv). not all women with the virus develop cervical dysplasia or cervical cancer. it has been postulated there are multip ...	2003	12777161
folate, vitamin b12, and homocysteine status. findings of no relation between human papillomavirus persistence and cervical dysplasia.	human papillomavirus (hpv) infections are the cause of most, if not all, cervical cancers. women consistently positive for oncogenic type hpv infections have a greater risk of developing cervical dysplasia compared with women transiently infected. hpv infection alone appears to be insufficient to produce disease, suggesting that other cofactors may be needed. folate, vitamin b12, and homocysteine, through their role in dna methylation, may be involved in cervical neoplasia.	2003	12781848
rna interference for treating cancers caused by viral infection.	the newly discovered phenomenon of rna interference (rnai) offers the dual facility of selective viral gene silencing coupled with ease of tailoring to meet genetic variation within the viral genome. such promise identifies rnai as an exciting new approach to treat viral-induced diseases, including viral-induced cancers (e.g. cervical carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinomas and haematopoietic and lymphoid malignancies). cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide and is caus ...	2003	12783614
lichen sclerosus is frequently present in penile squamous cell carcinomas but is not always associated with oncogenic human papillomavirus.	penile squamous cell carcinoma (scc) may occur on pre-existing lesions of lichen sclerosus (ls). however, the prevalence of histological changes of ls in penile scc is not well established. moreover, mucosal oncogenic human papillomaviruses (hpvs) are sometimes detected in penile scc, but have not been systematically sought in ls-associated penile scc.	2003	12786823
genital carriage of human papilloma virus (hpv) dna in prepubertal girls with and without vulval disease.	human papilloma virus (hpv) can reach a child's anogenital area by vertical transmission or by close contact, which can be either sexual or nonsexual. our objective was to compare hpv in prepubertal girls with and without lichen sclerosus (ls). we compared the frequencies and types of hpv in girls with ls with those in children with non-ls vulval disease (vulval swab and urine) and in children with no known vulval disease (urine only). hpv dna was detected using a nested polymerase chain reactio ...	2003	12787264
cervical human papillomavirus infection in tunisian women.	it is well established that certain types of human papillomavirus (hpv) are the sexually transmitted agents etiologically linked to cervical cancer. sexual habits have been shown to be a major determining factor for hpv infection. a large study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with cervical infection with hpv in tunisian women.	2003	12789471
oncoprotein expression of e6 and e7 does not prevent 5-fluorouracil (5fu) mediated g1/s arrest and apoptosis in 5fu resistant carcinoma cell lines.	5-fluorouracil (5fu) exposure can lead to both g1/s arrest and apoptosis induction which are dependent of p53 induction. the human papilloma virus oncoproteins (hpv), e6 and e7, inactivate respectively p53 and rb. p53 degradation by e6 protein, leads to lack of g1/s arrest after genotoxic stress. overexpression of e7 protein prevents p53-induced g1/s arrest following dna damage. however, few studies have described 5fu effect and efficacy on cancer cell lines presenting hpv 18 positive status. kb ...	2003	12792779
human papillomavirus and cervical cancer: not just a sexually transmitted disease.	the human papillomavirus (hpv) is the cause of virtually all cancers of the cervix, the fourth most common cancer in women in the united states. hpv is sexually transmitted, and the lifetime risk of contracting the virus is estimated to be 75%-90%. new methods of detecting hpv infection and cellular changes (dysplasia) caused by hpv can greatly reduce the mortality associated with this virus. more than 100 types of hpv exist and may be classified as low-, intermediate-, or high-risk in terms of ...	2003	12793333
enhanced mucosal and systemic immune responses following intravaginal immunization with human papillomavirus 16 l1 virus-like particle vaccine in thermosensitive mucoadhesive delivery systems.	to develop more potent and convenient mucosal human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccines, we tested the effect of thermosensitive mucoadhesive vaginal vaccine delivery systems on the local and systemic antibody responses to hpv 16 l1 virus-like particles (vlp). hpv 16 l1 vlp expressed from recombinant baculovirus-infected sf21 insect cells were delivered in phosphate-buffered saline (pbs) or thermosensitive mucoadhesive delivery systems, composed of poloxamers (pol) and varying amounts of polyethylene ...	2003	12794729
interplay between human papillomaviruses and dendritic cells.	the design of the human papillomavirus (hpv) infection cycle is tightly fitted to the differentiation program of its natural host, the keratinocyte. this has important consequences for the role of antigen-presenting cells in the priming of antiviral immunity. the confinement of hpv infection to epithelia puts the epithelial dendritic cell, the langerhans cell (lc), in charge of the induction of t cell-dependent immunity. because hpv-infected keratinocytes cannot reach the regional lymphoid organ ...	2003	12797450
correlates of il-10 and il-12 concentrations in cervical secretions.	interindividual variations in host immune responses to hpv infection are thought to be important determinants of viral persistence and progression to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer. however, few studies have measured local immune markers at the site of infection (e.g., the cervical mucosa). we sought to determine biologic correlates of il-10 and il-12 concentrations in cervical secretions. cervical secretions were passively collected using a weckcel sponge from 247 women participa ...	2003	12797539
morphologic and biologic studies on ten cases of verrucous carcinoma of the vulva supporting the theory of a discrete clinico-pathologic entity.	ten cases of verrucous carcinoma (vc) of the vulva diagnosed from january 1989 to december 1996 were studied. patient age ranged from 50 to 83 years. the following examinations were performed on buffered formalin-fixed material: 1). in situ dna hybridization, probes hpv 6/11, 16/18, 31/35/51; and 2). a series of immunohistochemical stainings to demonstrate wild and mutant types of the p53 protein, cytokeratin expression and pattern distribution (ae1 and ae3), and proliferating pattern (mib 1). i ...	2003	12801263
p53 loss of function enhances genomic instability and accelerates clonal evolution of murine myeloid progenitors expressing the p(210)bcr-abl tyrosine kinase.	the p210 bcr-abl fusion protein has a key role in the pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (cml). however, its influence on disease progression to blast crisis is marginal and mostly due to its effect of impairing the genomic stability of clonal myeloid progenitors through pathways still largely unknown.	2003	12801837
in vitro and in vivo growth suppression of human papillomavirus 16-positive cervical cancer cells by e6 sirna.	human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16), a causative agent of cervical cancers, encodes the e6 and e7 oncogenes, whose simultaneous expression is pivotal for malignant transformation and maintenance of malignant phenotypes. in the hope of developing a gene-specific therapy for hpv-related cancer, we examined the effects of e6 short-interfering rna (sirna) on the expression of these oncogenes and on the cell growth of hpv16-related cervical cancer cells. using siha cervical cancer cells, we demonstr ...	2003	14599809
in vitro downregulation of growth factors by insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in cervical cancer.	our hypothesis is that insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (igf-bp3) would downregulate epidermal growth factor receptor (egf-r) levels in cervical cancer cell lines, thereby reducing cellular igf-ii and angiogenesis-related vascular endothelial cell growth factor (vegf). as folate deficiency is a risk factor in cervical cancer, we sought to determine if folic acid treatment might increase igf-bp3 production, thereby inhibiting malignant cell proliferation.	2003	14599874
innovations in understanding the biology of cervical cancer.	revelation of the connection between the human papillomavirus (hpv) and cervical neoplasia and invasive cervical cancer is prompting new investigations to expand that understanding and promote vaccines, gene therapy, and other interventions. at the second international conference on cervical cancer (houston, tx, april 11-14, 2002), laboratory and clinical researchers reported advances in new studies meant to increase understanding of the natural history of hpv and cervical intraepithelial neopla ...	2003	14603543
distribution of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 variants in squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of the cervix.	the distributions of human papillomavirus (hpv) types detected in cervical adenocarcinomas and squamous cell tumors differ. however, whether the distributions of intratypic hpv variants seen in these two histological forms of cervical disease differ is unknown. our objective was to compare the distribution of hpv intratypic variants observed in squamous cell carcinomas (scc) and cervical tumors of glandular origin (e.g., adenocarcinomas; ac) for two hpv types commonly observed in cervical tumors ...	2003	14612516
the prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes in nonmelanoma skin cancers of nonimmunosuppressed individuals identifies high-risk genital types as possible risk factors.	nonmelanoma skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignant disease in caucasians. known risk factors include fair skin, sun exposure, male gender, advancing age, and the presence of solar keratosis. no viral risk factors have been established thus far. to examine the association between nonmelanoma skin cancer and infection with human papilloma virus (hpv) types, we performed a retrospective study in which skin biopsies were collected from 496 nonimmunosuppressed patients attending dermato ...	2003	14612553
extended duration of the detectable stage by adding hpv test in cervical cancer screening.	the human papillomavirus test (hpv) test could improve the (cost-) effectiveness of cervical screening by selecting women with a very low risk for cervical cancer during a long period. an analysis of a longitudinal study suggests that women with a negative pap smear and a negative hpv test have a strongly reduced risk of developing cervical abnormalities in the years following the test, and that hpv testing lengthens the detectable stage by 2-5 years, compared to pap smear detection alone.	2003	14612887
cervical cytology screening in teens.	new guidelines for when to initiate cervical cancer screening have recently been revised. the american cancer society now recommends that screening be initiated within 3 years of the onset of vaginal intercourse but no later than 21 years of age. natural history studies of human papillomavirus (hpv; the cause of abnormal cytology and cervical cancer) suggest that there is little risk of a significant precancerous lesion going undetected within the first 3 to 5 years after the onset of sexual act ...	2003	14613663
vaccinia-expressed human papillomavirus 16 and 18 e6 and e7 as a therapeutic vaccination for vulval and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia.	anogenital intraepithelial neoplasia is a chronic disorder associated with infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) types. it is frequently multifocal and recurrence after conventional treatment is high. boosting hpv-specific cell-mediated immune responses may reduce progression to carcinoma and could lead to disease clearance. we have tested the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a recombinant vaccinia candidate vaccine (ta-hpv) in women with anogenital intraepithelial neoplasia.	2003	14614000
peptides inhibitory for the transcriptional regulatory function of human papillomavirus e2.	human papillomavirus (hpv) infections are associated with cervical neoplasia. cellular and viral proteins are known to interact with the papillomavirus e2 protein to initiate transcription and dna replication in the hpv life cycle. our aim was to identify peptides that bind to the hpv16 e2 protein and thereby inhibit its ability to alter the transcriptional activity of other genes.	2003	14614029
detection and genotyping of human papillomavirus dna in cervical cancer tissues with fluorescence polarization.	to evaluate the type-specific prevalence of eight common types of human papillomavirus (hpv) in patients with cervical cancer living in shanxi, china, with fluorescence polarization detection, crude dna extracted from 137 samples of early-stage cervical cancer (within stage iia) and chronic cervicitis was subjected to hpv l1 consensus gp5+/gp6+ system. then, the hpv-positive products identified by gp5 + /gp6+ pcr were genotyped based on template-directed dye-terminator incorporation assay with f ...	2003	14614542
microsatellite analysis of early stage (ia-iib) uterine cervical squamous carcinoma.	cervical cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy of the developing world. the oncogenic role of human papilloma virus (hpv) is well known. attention is now focusing on the complicit genetic changes, which allow progression of these tumors. regarding these changes, deletion of tumor suppressor genes (loss of heterozygosity [loh]) is the preferred pathway of progression with only a subset manifesting microsatellite instability (msi). implicated loci include 3p14.1-22. several studies sugg ...	2003	14615820
viral warts in organ transplant recipients: new aspects in therapy.	the long-term success of organ transplantation depends on the prevention of allograft rejection and improvement in quality of life for the patients. this has been achieved through better immunosuppressive regimens with lower dosages and a new generation of immunosuppressive drugs. however, these immunosuppressive agents not only impair the patient's reactivity to the graft, but also to infectious organisms, thereby making them more susceptible to opportunistic pathogens. because of this, organ t ...	2003	14616341
rna interference: a potential tool against kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus.	rna interference is a conserved cellular function that controls viral infection, the expression of transposable elements, repetitive sequences and genes in embryonic development. originally described as an antiviral mechanism in plants, known as posttranscriptional gene silencing, it is now appreciated that this phenomenon occurs in all living cells. double-stranded rna, when acting as part of rna interference, reduces expression of genes with sequence similarity, but has no effect on the expres ...	2003	14624111
molecular analysis of human papillomavirus type 52 isolates detected in the genital tract of human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive and -seronegative women.	human papillomavirus (hpv) type 52 dna was detected in cervicovaginal lavage samples from 91 (12.4%) of 732 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-seropositive women and 23 (7.1%) of 323 hiv-seronegative women (p=.0004). hiv infection was an independent predictor for hpv-52 infection when controlling for age and sexual activity (odds ratio, 2.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.30-3.75: p=.003). we describe the genomic polymorphism of 114 hpv-52 isolates. long control region (lcr) mutations defined 27 hp ...	2003	14624377
successful immortalization of endometrial glandular cells with normal structural and functional characteristics.	the human endometrium is a dynamic tissue, the proliferative activity of which dramatically changes throughout the menstrual cycle, with exquisite regulation by sex-steroid hormones. primary endometrial epithelial cells fall into senescence within 2 weeks when cultured on plastic dishes, and more complete understanding of endometrial biology has been delayed because of, in part, a lack of an in vitro culture model for endometrial epithelial cells. our goal was to establish immortalized human end ...	2003	14633600
an alpha helix conformationally restricted peptide is recognized by cervical carcinoma patients' sera.	human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) represents the major cervical carcinoma associated virus among women, especially in colombia. it has thus become important to develop reliable inexpensive tests for detecting the presence of this virus. it has been shown that hpv16-e7 oncoprotein structural features have three alpha-helical structures and a loop-like structure. the hydrazone link approach was used to mimic helix secondary substructures. sera from women with invasive cervical carcinoma were t ...	2003	14640547
optical systems for in vivo molecular imaging of cancer.	progress toward a molecular characterization of cancer would have important clinical benefits; thus, there is an important need to image the molecular features of cancer in vivo. in this paper, we describe a comprehensive strategy to develop inexpensive, rugged and portable optical imaging systems for molecular imaging of cancer, which couples the development of optically active contrast agents with advances in functional genomics of cancer. we describe initial results obtained using optically a ...	2003	14640761
association between esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and human papillomavirus detected by hybrid capture ii assay.	from july 1999 to july 2000, 40 patients from the surgical oncology and gastroenterology departments of irmandade da santa casa de misericórdia de porto alegre were enrolled in a prospective study in order to find the frequency of human papillomavirus dna (hpv-dna) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. they were compared to 10 normal individuals (controls). digene inc. (digene corporation, gaithersburg md, usa) hybrid capture ii assay, a chemoluminescent method, was used in both groups. the sam ...	2003	14641314
human papillomavirus dna in sera of cervical cancer patients as tumor marker.	persistent infection with human papillomavirus (hpv) has been widely recognized to induce carcinoma of the uterine cervix. viral dna has been documented to occur as tumor dna in the circulation of patients with primary tumors caused by viral infection. the aim of this study was to evaluate the utility of serum hpv dna as tumor marker in cervical cancer patients. sera taken from 94 cervical cancer patients at the date of diagnosis and follow-up serum samples from 24 patients were examined for hpv ...	2003	14643453
genetic susceptibility to infection with human papillomavirus and development of cervical cancer in women in brazil.	human papillomavirus (hpv) is considered to be a necessary but not sufficient cause for cervical cancer and, therefore, other factors contribute to the carcinogenic process. a hereditary component for this neoplasia has been reported and several studies indicate that genetic background of the host is important for cervical cancer susceptibility. among genetic factors that could participate in the susceptibility to this tumor and disease outcome, polymorphic genes of the major histocompatibility ...	2003	14644340
infection, replication, and cytopathology of human papillomavirus type 31 in trophoblasts.	human papillomavirus (hpv) dna is preferentially found in spontaneous abortions, specifically residing in trophoblasts, and transfected hpv-16 dna replicates and produces progeny in 3a trophoblasts in culture. in this study 3a trophoblasts were shown to display both hpv receptors and infection by hpv-31b and hpv-6 virus resulted in de novo (increasing) hpv dna replication in these cells (inhibited by neutralizing anti-hpv31b antibodies). reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis r ...	2003	14644610
an adenoviral vector cancer vaccine that delivers a tumor-associated antigen/cd40-ligand fusion protein to dendritic cells.	to develop a method to overcome the anergy that exists in tumor hosts to cancer, we have designed an adenoviral vector for the in vivo activation and tumor antigen loading of dendritic cells. this adenoviral vector encodes a fusion protein composed of an amino-terminal tumor-associated antigen fragment fused to the cd40 ligand (cd40l). subcutaneous injection of an adenoviral vector encoding a fusion protein of the human papillomavirus e7 foreign antigen linked to the cd40l generates cd8+ t cell- ...	2003	14645711
x chromosome inactivation in cervical cancer patients.	development of cervical carcinomas is strongly associated with presence of human papilloma virus (hpv). recently we found that young patients with breast cancer had a higher frequency of skewed x inactivation in peripheral blood cells, indicating an effect of x-linked genes on breast cancer development. in this study, we investigated the frequency of skewed x-inactivation pattern in blood and tumor biopsies from patients with cervical cancer. no difference in the frequency of skewed x inactivati ...	2003	14499700
[screening and therapy of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (ain) and anal carcinoma in patients with hiv-infection].	anal intraepithelial neoplasia (ain) is a potential precursor of invasive anal carcinoma. introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) in the treatment of hiv infection substantially reduced the incidence of some diseases associated with opportunistic viral infections. however, the incidence of ain is reported to increase and haart seems to have only little impact on the regression or progression of ain. paradoxically, improvement of survival in the haart era results in an increa ...	2003	14502448
prostate cancer risk and serologic evidence of human papilloma virus infection: a population-based case-control study.	epidemiological evidence is accumulating that sexual history may be associated with prostate cancer, and some studies have suggested a relation between human papilloma virus (hpv) infections and prostate cancer. we measured the presence of antibodies to the major oncogenic hpv types 16, 18, and 33 among 238 subjects with untreated prostate cancer and 210 population-based control subjects. odds ratios (ors) were estimated from multivariate logistic regression models, controlling for age and hpv t ...	2003	14504197
lifestyle and cancer: effect of widowhood and divorce.	limited data are available on the possible changes in cancer risk brought about by widowhood and divorce, an increasing segment of the population. we calculated standardized incidence ratios (sirs) for cancer among 47,000 widows/widowers and 60,000 divorced people, based on the swedish family-cancer database. persons had to be identified with the same civil status in the census of years 1960 and 1970; the comparison group was married people according to the same censuses. cancers were followed f ...	2003	14504201
safety and immunogenicity of a peptide containing the cross-neutralization epitope of hpv16 l2 administered nasally in healthy volunteers.	amino acid (aa) 108-120 of l2 protein of human papillomavirus (hpv) type 16 contains a cross-neutralization epitope against genital hpv. we designed a placebo-controlled trial in healthy adults to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a synthetic peptide consisting of the aa 108-120 of hpv16 l2 (l2-108/120) region. a total of 13 volunteers were given nasal inoculations with 0.1 (n=5) or 0.5mg (n=5) doses of the peptides or placebo (n=3) without adjuvant at weeks 0, 4, and 12. sera were colle ...	2003	14505907
a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas exhibits integration of hpv 16/18 dna and overexpression of p16ink4a and p53 in the absence of mutations in p53 exons 5-8.	besides well-known risk factors such as tobacco use and alcohol consumption, oncogenic human papillomavirus (hpv) infection also has recently been suggested to promote head and neck tumorigenesis. hpv is known to cause cancer by inactivation of cell cycle regulators p53 and prb via expression of viral oncoproteins e6 and e7. this indicates that p53 mutations are not a prerequisite in hpv-induced tumor development. however, discrepancy exists with respect to the frequency of head and neck squamou ...	2003	14506739
prevalence and physical status of human papillomavirus in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck.	fresh-frozen biopsies were obtained from 61 patients at diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (hnscc) for study of the prevalence and physical status of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna. the frequency of hpv dna and genotypes were determined by spf10 pcr screening with a general probe hybridization and inno-lipa hpv genotyping assay. in addition, a single-phase pcr with primers fap 59/64 and a nested pcr with primers cp 65/70 and cp 66/69 served to detect particularly cutaneous ...	2003	14506740
human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 l1 protein peptide binding to vero and hela cells inhibits their vlps binding.	human papillomaviruses (hpvs) are the cause of epithelial lesions, hpv type 16 and type 18 being associated with the development of anogenital cancer. the l1 major capsid protein (l1) represents about 90% of total hpv protein and is involved in virus-host cell interaction, but little is known about this binding process. l1 sequences from hpv types 16 and 18 were synthesized in 56 20-mer peptides, covering the entire protein, hplc-purified, (125)i-radiolabeled and tested in vero and hela cell-bin ...	2003	14506742
genetic analysis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas arising from different areas.	although cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (scc) occur most frequently in sun-exposed areas of the skin, they can also arise in non-sun-exposed areas. some risk factors for cutaneous scc, such as ultraviolet (uv) light, are well known. however, the major factor for carcinogenesis may depend on the site of the tumor as well as the ethnicity of the patient. in this study we examined 41 japanese cutaneous scc cases, focusing on the area of appearance and the presence of genetic alteration, with 27 ...	2003	14507317
augmentation of dna vaccine potency through secretory heat shock protein-mediated antigen targeting.	in an effort to enhance the potency of dna vaccines, we have developed a new strategy to increase antigen presentation by dendritic cells, one that results in markedly improved cytotoxic t-lymphocyte responses, antibody production, and antitumor effects in vivo. here, we present the rationale and design of a vaccine encoding a secreted antigen-heat shock protein 70 fusion molecule, targeted to the mhc class i cross-presentation pathway of dendritic cells. using the human papilloma virus 16 e7 pr ...	2003	14511955
human papillomavirus and grzybowski's generalized eruptive keratoacanthoma.		2003	14512942
differential deletions of chromosome 3p are associated with the development of uterine cervical carcinoma in indian patients.	deletions in chromosome 3 occur frequently in uterine cervical carcinoma (ca-cx). the common consensus regions deleted during ca-cx development are not well defined, and have not been correlated with tumour progression.	2003	14514919
dissection of human papillomavirus type 33 l2 domains involved in nuclear domains (nd) 10 homing and reorganization.	we have recently shown that the minor capsid protein l2 of human papillomavirus type 33 (hpv33) recruits the transcriptional repressor daxx into nuclear domains (nd) 10 and causes the loss of the transcriptional activator sp100 from these subnuclear structures. in order to dissect l2 domains involved in nuclear translocation, nd10 homing, loss of sp100, and recruitment of daxx, a detailed deletion mutagenesis of l2 was performed. using immunofluorescence and green fluorescent protein fusions, we ...	2003	14517069
the adeno-associated virus major regulatory protein rep78-c-jun-dna motif complex modulates ap-1 activity.	multiple epidemiologic studies show that adeno-associated virus (aav) is negatively associated with cervical cancer (cx ca), a cancer which is positively associated with human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. mechanisms for this correlation may be by rep78's (aav's major regulatory protein) ability to bind the hpv-16 p97 promoter dna and inhibit transcription, to bind and interfere with the functions of the e7 oncoprotein of hpv-16, and to bind a variety of hpv-important cellular transcription fa ...	2003	14517094
immunological and clinical responses in women with vulval intraepithelial neoplasia vaccinated with a vaccinia virus encoding human papillomavirus 16/18 oncoproteins.	this study assessed the immunological and clinical responses of women with human papillomavirus (hpv) 16-associated high-grade vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (vin) vaccinated with ta-hpv, a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding modified hpv 16 and 18 e6 and e7. eighteen women with hpv 16-positive high-grade vin were vaccinated with ta-hpv. the extent of their baseline disease was compared after 24 weeks by lesion measurements and histological analysis. viral load was assessed pre- and postvaccin ...	2003	14522932
hpv testing can reduce the number of follow-up visits in women treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3.	we evaluated high-risk human papillomavirus (hpv) testing by hybrid capture ii (hc ii) in addition to cytology to predict recurrent/residual cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) 2/3 and cervical cancer in women treated for cin 3.	2003	14529664
boosting with recombinant vaccinia increases hpv-16 e7-specific t cell precursor frequencies and antitumor effects of hpv-16 e7-expressing sindbis virus replicon particles.	immunotherapy using the heterologous prime-boost regimen has emerged as an attractive approach for generating antigen-specific t-cell-mediated immune responses against tumors and infectious diseases. we have previously linked the mycobacterium tuberculosis heat-shock protein 70 (hsp70) to the hpv-16 e7 antigen creating a chimera, e7/hsp70. we found that nucleic acid vaccines encoding e7/hsp70 can generate strong antitumor immunity. recently, replication-defective sindbis virus replicon particle ...	2003	14529828
enhanced effector and memory ctl responses generated by incorporation of receptor activator of nf-kappa b (rank)/rank ligand costimulatory molecules into dendritic cell immunogens expressing a human tumor-specific antigen.	the outcome of dendritic cell (dc) presentation of ag to t cells via the tcr/mhc synapse is determined by second signaling through cd80/86 and, importantly, by ligation of costimulatory ligands and receptors located at the dc and t cell surfaces. downstream signaling triggered by costimulatory molecule ligation results in reciprocal dc and t cell activation and survival, which predisposes to enhanced t cell-mediated immune responses. in this study, we used adenoviral vectors to express a model t ...	2003	14530334
human papillomavirus in a 16th century mummy.		2003	14550719
lower airway papillomatosis in children.	laryngeal papilloma in children is a frequent disease caused by human papilloma virus (hpv) type 6 or type 11. this disease has a tendency to recur and the changes are histologically benign. in some cases papilloma may affect the lower levels of the respiratory tract. in this study, among 90 patients treated for laryngeal papillomatosis, in four children papilloma of trachea, bronchi and lung tissue were detected in endoscopic and radiological examination. this constitutes 4.4% of all patients. ...	2003	14550967
differential deletions in 3p are associated with the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in indian patients.	in this study we performed detailed deletion mapping of two broad regions in the short arm (p) of chromosome 3 (i.e., 3p21.2 approximately p22 and 3p12 approximately p13), which were shown to have a high rate of deletions in head and neck lesions in our previous study. using 18 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers, the deletion mapping was done in 35 dysplastic lesions and 46 primary head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hnscc) samples from indian patients. within the 21.6-megabase (mb) re ...	2003	14553947
human papillomavirus type 59 immortalized keratinocytes express late viral proteins and infectious virus after calcium stimulation.	human papillomavirus type 59 (hpv 59) is an oncogenic type related to hpv 18. hpv 59 was recently propagated in the athymic mouse xenograft system. a continuous keratinocyte cell line infected with hpv 59 was created from a foreskin xenograft grown in an athymic mouse. cells were cultured beyond passage 50. the cells were highly pleomorphic, containing numerous abnormally shaped nuclei and mitotic figures. hpv 59 sequences were detected in the cells by dna in situ hybridization in a diffuse nucl ...	2003	14554084