Publications

a prospective etiologic study of community-acquired pneumonia in taiwan.	the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is complicated by the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance and the tendency to rely on empirical therapy. this study investigated the etiologic agents of adult cap in taiwan and the susceptibility of streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from these patients.	2005	16385374
infection with chlamydia pneumoniae but not helicobacter pylori is related to elevated apolipoprotein b levels.	results of many studies show that apolipoprotein b (apo b) is a better marker of risk of vascular disease than other lipid markers including ldl and hdl-cholesterol and triglycerides. we investigated the association between two infectious agents: c. pneumoniae and h. pylori, known to have an atherogenic effect, and apo b, to evaluate the effects of chronic infections on apo b levels.	2005	16385920
chlamydia pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae.	mycoplasma pneumoniae infection occurs worldwide and is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in 5- to 20-year-olds. the most reliable diagnostic test is the enzyme immunoassay, which allows immunoglobulin (ig)g and igm titration and presents 92% sensitivity and 95% specificity on paired samples. potentially active drugs are tetracyclines, macrolides, ketolides, lincosamides, streptogamines, chloramphenicol, and fluoroquinolones. chlamydia pneumoniae accounts for 6 to 20% o ...	2005	16388430
antibiotic therapy for coronary heart disease: the myth and the reality.	atherosclerosis is acknowledged as an active inflammatory and thrombotic disease, as opposed to simple degeneration. infection with microorganisms may contribute to this inflammation and hence the atherosclerotic process. the "infective" hypothesis--first proposed more than a century ago by virchow--has been revisited in recent years and has implicated numerous microorganisms as potential stimuli. the greatest body of evidence points to chlamydia pneumoniae, a respiratory pathogen, as the "culpr ...	2005	16389410
chlamydia pneumoniae infection enhances cellular proliferation and reduces steroid responsiveness of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells via a tumor necrosis factor-alpha-dependent pathway.	although epidemiological studies have found an association between chlamydia pneumoniae infection and severe asthma, the causality and underlying mechanism are largely unknown. we hypothesized that c. pneumoniae infection increases the proliferation and enhances the survival of immune and inflammatory cells, resulting in reduced responsiveness to corticosteroids and suggesting that the underlying mechanism is related to a tnf-alpha-dependent pathway.	2005	16393329
[can meningoencephalitis be caused by chlamydiae pneumoniae?].	meningoencephalitis attributed to chlamydiae pneumoniae has rarely been reported in the literature.	2005	16365630
the cd14 functional gene polymorphism -260 c>t is not involved in either the susceptibility to chlamydia trachomatis infection or the development of tubal pathology.	the functional polymorphism -260 c>t in the lps sensing tlr4 co-receptor cd14 gene enhances the transcriptional activity and results in a higher cd14 receptor density. individuals carrying the t/t genotype also have significantly higher serum levels of soluble cd14. the t allele of this polymorphism has recently been linked to chlamydia pneumoniae infection. we investigated the role of the cd14 -260 c>t polymorphism in the susceptibility to and severity (defined as subfertility and/or tubal path ...	2005	16368002
usefulness of sparfloxacin against chlamydia pneumoniae infection in patients with bronchial asthma.	the efficacy of sparfloxacin (spfx) for the control of bronchial asthma was evaluated in 26 patients with suspected chlamydia pneumoniae infection. patients were randomly allocated to receive spfx 200 mg/day (n = 14) or control treatment (n = 12) for 21 days. significant improvements in serum c-reactive protein levels, and significant decreases in peripheral eosinophil counts, serum eosinophil cationic protein (ecp) and sputum ecp were observed in the spfx-treated group at day 21. spfx-treated p ...	2005	16372585
[effect of therapy with antibiotics on lipid metabolism and antioxidant reserve of patients with ischemic heart disease during chlamydia pneumoniae infection].	effect of therapy with azithromycin and doxycycline on lipid metabolism, processes of lipid peroxidation and state of antioxidant defense was studied in patients with ischemic heart disease with elevated titer of antibodies to chlamydia pneumonia. therapy with azithromycin (500 mg/day for 2 months) was associated with lowering of antibody titer, moderate improvement of lipid spectrum, marked decrease of activity of lipid peroxidation and augmentation of blood plasma antioxidant reserve. there we ...	2005	16353050
detection of chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerotic tissue: a comparative study of pcr and immunocytochemistry.	the reported prevalence of chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerotic tissue appears to depend on the detection system used. this introduces problems in determining the role of c. pneumoniae in atherosclerosis. this study analyses the sensitivity and performance of molecular diagnostic methods for the detection of c. pneumoniae and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) inhibitors in atheromatous tissue. atherosclerotic tissue taken from 30 coronary endarterectomies, nine coronary arteries from explanted ...	2005	16411373
persistent systemic inflammation in unstable angina is largely unrelated to the atherothrombotic burden.	the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between systemic inflammation, atherosclerosis, and thrombosis in two distinct clinical models of atherothrombosis.	2005	15653021
nod1-mediated endothelial cell activation by chlamydophila pneumoniae.	seroepidemiological and animal studies, as well as demonstration of viable bacteria in atherosclerotic plaques, have linked chlamydophila pneumoniae infection to development of chronic vascular lesions and coronary heart disease. inflammation and immune responses are dependent on host recognition of invading pathogens. the recently identified cytosolic nod proteins are candidates for intracellular recognition of bacteria, such as the obligate intracellular chlamydia. in the present study, mechan ...	2005	15653568
chlamydia trachomatis infection in female partners of circumcised and uncircumcised adult men.	male circumcision has been shown to reduce the risk of acquiring and transmitting a number of venereal infections. however, little is known about the association between male circumcision and the risk of chlamydia trachomatis infection in the female partner. the authors pooled data on 305 adult couples enrolled as controls in one of five case-control studies of invasive cervical cancer conducted in thailand, the philippines, brazil, colombia, and spain between 1985 and 1997. women provided blood ...	2005	16177149
effects of repeated chlamydia pneumoniae inoculations on aortic lipid accumulation and inflammatory response in c57bl/6j mice.	chlamydia pneumoniae is a common respiratory tract pathogen, and persistent infections have been associated with atherosclerosis. we studied the effects of repeated chlamydial inoculations on the inflammatory response and on aortic lipid accumulation in c57bl/6j mice. mice fed a diet supplemented with 0.2% cholesterol were infected three or six times with c. pneumoniae every fourth week. sera and lungs were analyzed for inflammatory responses, lung tissues were tested for the presence of c. pneu ...	2005	16177317
toll-like receptor 2 mediates persistent chemokine release by chlamydia pneumoniae-infected vascular smooth muscle cells.	the intracellular bacterium chlamydia pneumoniae is present in many atherosclerotic lesions, where it could promote inflammation. this study determined whether monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (mcp-1) release is stimulated in vascular smooth muscle cells (vsmcs) that are exposed to or infected by c pneumoniae and whether toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) or tlr4 mediate these effects.	2005	16179594
the complications of hypertension in pregnancy.	the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy remain a leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in europe and north america. pre-eclampsia, which is proteinuric gestational hypertension, accounts for the majority of the excess risks and is defined by the maternal syndrome. the maternal syndrome of pre-eclampsia is characterised by a systemic inflammatory response and its sequelae. systematic multisystem evaluation of pre-eclampsia, evidence-based antihypertensive therapy, and th ...	2005	16179895
[efficacy and safety of pristinamycin vs amoxicillin in community acquired pneumonia in adults].	evaluation of efficacy and safety of pristinamycin (pri), compared with amoxicillin (amx), both at 3 g daily for 7 to 10 days in adults with community-acquired pneumonia (cap).	2005	16181747
chlamydia pneumoniae, herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus in symptomatic and asymptomatic high-grade internal carotid artery stenosis. does infection influence plaque stability?	current debates are focused on inflammatory processes in atherosclerotic lesions as a possible pathomechanism for destabilization and thrombembolism. in this prospective study the role of systemic and local infection in patients with high-grade internal carotid artery stenosis (ica) was evaluated.	2005	16184834
[atypical pneumonia].	international epidemiologic surveys show that apart from community acquired "typical" pneumonia the number of cases caused by atypical pathogens are increasing. a number of problems are to be faced while diagnosing and treating the lower respiratory tract infections due to atypical pathogens. the article gives a detailed overview of pneumonia caused by chlamydia pneumoniae, chlamydia psittaci, mycoplasma pneumoniae, coxiella burnetti and legionella species, and emphasizes that these pathogens sh ...	2005	16184877
chlamydia pneumoniae infection predicts a reduced risk for subsequent atopic disease.	to investigate long-term effects on children previously infected with chlamydia pneumoniae.	2005	16188772
no value in antibiotic therapy for hd.		2005	16189853
chlamydia pneumoniae immunoreactivity in coronary artery plaques of patients with acute coronary syndromes and its relation with serology.	an association between chlamydia pneumoniae (cpn) infection and coronary artery disease has been reported and examined by different techniques. however, its immunoreactivity in coronary artery plaques of patients with acute coronary syndrome (acs) and its relation with serology are less well defined.	2005	16209964
chlamydia pneumoniae burden in carotid arteries is associated with upregulation of plaque interleukin-6 and elevated c-reactive protein in serum.	chlamydia pneumoniae (cpn) infection of vascular smooth muscle cells increases interleukin-6 (il-6) secretion in vitro. in vivo, il-6 stimulates liver c-reactive protein (crp) production. because serum levels of il-6 and crp are independent risk factors for stroke and myocardial infarction (mi), we investigated whether cpn burden in carotid plaques might provide a link between plaque il-6 expression and elevated serum levels of il-6 and crp.	2005	16210572
acute chlamydia pneumoniae infection with heat-shock-protein-60-related response in patients with acute coronary syndrome.	recent evidence has suggested an association between chlamydia pneumoniae infection and coronary atherosclerosis. a significant association has also been detected between heat shock protein (hsp) 60 antibody and the severity of coronary atherosclerosis. the aim of this study was to define the relationship between instability of ischemic heart disease (ihd) and serum levels of hsp60 and c. pneumoniae antibodies. blood samples for the measurement of serum antibody titers were obtained from 1131 pa ...	2005	16216593
therapeutic approaches to chlamydia infections.	chlamydia trachomatis ocular and urogenital infections represent major public health problems, whereas chlamydophila pneumoniae is a common aetiological agent of community-acquired pneumonia. the obligate intracellular lifestyle of these established pathogens poses challenges to both their diagnosis and treatment. tetracyclines, macrolides and quinolones remain the antimicrobials of choice for the treatment of infections due to chlamydiaceae.	2005	16218888
analysis of chlamydia pneumoniae-specific oligoclonal bands in multiple sclerosis and other neurologic diseases.	paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) specimens were investigated for chlamydia pneumoniae-specific oligoclonal bands (ocbs) to determine band specificity in multiple sclerosis (ms).	2005	16146493
tobacco smoke induces a persistent, but recoverable state in chlamydia pneumoniae infection of human endothelial cells.	we investigated the extent to which tobacco smoke could induce persistence of chlamydia pneumoniae in human endothelial cells. aortic and coronary artery endothelia were infected in the absence or presence of non-cytotoxic concentrations of tobacco smoke medium. following exposure to smoke medium, chlamydial inclusions were smaller and demonstrated fewer genome copies as determined by real-time pcr. enumeration of inclusion-forming units (ifu) established a significant smoke-mediated, dose-depen ...	2005	16271847
chlamydophila (chlamydia) pneumoniae serology and asthma in adults: a longitudinal analysis.	many cross-sectional studies have found an association between chlamydophila pneumoniae infection and asthma, and a possible causative role of c pneumoniae infection in asthma pathogenesis has been proposed. no longitudinal studies have been undertaken to estimate the effect on asthma incidence of previous or chronic infection.	2005	16275386
evaluation of a western blot method for the detection of yersinia antibodies: evidence of serological cross-reactivity between yersinia outer membrane proteins and borrelia burgdorferi.	yersinia enterocolitica and yersinia pseudotuberculosis have been identified as causative organisms of reactive arthritis in humans. we evaluated a western blot assay which uses yersinia outer membrane proteins as antigens for the detection of yersinia antibodies as a replacement for the complement fixation (cf) assay. clinical agreement, sensitivity, and specificity were determined by testing 19 positive and 21 negative serum samples by the cf assay, western blot assay, and enzyme-linked immuno ...	2005	16275939
dental infections and cardiovascular diseases: a review.	accumulating evidence suggests that chronic infections, such as periodontitis, are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (cvd). the mechanisms behind the association are not known. like herpes viruses and chlamydia pneumoniae, periodontal pathogens cause atherosclerosis in experimental animals and have been found in human atherosclerotic lesions. higher concentrations of total and low density lipoprotein (ldl) cholesterol and triglycerides and lower concentrations of high de ...	2005	16277580
chlamydia pneumoniae growth inhibition in human monocytic thp-1 cells and human epithelial hep-2 cells by a novel phenoxazine derivative.	in this study the effects of 2-amino-phenoxazine-3-one (phenoxazine derivate, phx-3) on chlamydia (chlamydophila) pneumoniae growth in human monocytic thp-1 cells as well as human epithelial hep-2 cells were examined. cells were infected with bacteria at an m.o.i. of 10 by centrifugation. after washing to remove any remaining bacteria, the cells were incubated with or without phx-3 in the presence or absence of tryptophan for 72 h. the bacteria in cells were assessed by staining of chlamydial in ...	2005	16278427
outbreak of chlamydophila pneumoniae infection in long-term care facilities and an affiliated hospital.	this paper reports an outbreak of chlamydophila pneumoniae infection in long-term care facilities and an affiliated hospital. the outbreak involved rapid spread of infection, and was inconsistent with several outbreaks experienced among younger populations. in addition, there were differences in the incidences among facilities and the affiliated hospital in relation to mean age. our findings indicate that it is possible that elderly residents may be more susceptible to acquiring this infection. ...	2005	16278441
the chlamydia pneumoniae type iii secretion-related lcrh gene clusters are developmentally expressed operons.	two chlamydial homologues of the yersinia lcrh chaperone for type iii secretion system structural components are present within separate gene clusters. quantitative transcriptional analyses demonstrated that each cluster is differentially regulated and expressed as an operon using major sigma factor elements, suggesting the presence of more elaborate developmental regulation mechanisms in chlamydiae.	2005	16267309
serum igg and iga antibodies to chlamydia pneumoniae and severity of emphysema.	chronic chlamydia pneumoniae infection has been identified serologically in patients with copd. the aim of this study was to examine whether the severity of emphysema is related to elevated antibody titres against c. pneumoniae.	2005	16268909
macrolides for chronic asthma.	asthma is a chronic disease of the airways in which inflammation of the respiratory mucosa plays a crucial role. the mechanisms responsible for the maintaining of this inflammatory response are only partially known and there is evidence that a role could be paid by chronic infection by intracellular pathogens (such as chlamydia pneumoniae). macrolides are antibiotics with both antimicrobic and antiinflammatory activities and thus their use in asthmatic patients could lead to reduction of the air ...	2005	16235309
what's bugging you?		2005	16237227
exposure to mycobacteria primes the immune system for evolutionarily diverse heat shock proteins.	during stress conditions, such as infection, the synthesis of heat shock proteins (hsps) in microorganisms is upregulated. since a high degree of homology exists within each hsp family, we postulated that exposure to microorganisms could prime the immune system for evolutionarily diverse hsps. we tested this hypothesis by priming mice with three microorganisms, namely, mycobacterium bovis bcg, mycobacterium vaccae, and chlamydia pneumoniae. after this, mice received a dose of the various hsps. w ...	2005	16239573
[heat shock proteins and their characteristics].	the main adaptable response to increased temperature is heat shock response resulting in induction of proteins called heat shock proteins (hsp). they are present in all cells under proper growth conditions and they create 5-10% of the whole protein contents. hsp were divided into five basic groups according to their approximate molecular mass, expressed in kda and called respectively: hsp 100, hsp 90, hsp 70, hsp 60 and small hsp. heat shock proteins can act like antigens in many infectious dise ...	2005	16245438
close association of chlamydia pneumoniae iga seropositivity by elisa with the presence of coronary artery stenosis in haemodialysis patients.	traditional risk factors of cardiovascular disease do not fully explain the accelerated atherosclerosis present in patients with end-stage renal disease (esrd). the goal of this study was to identify the association of clinical and laboratory factors including seropositivity for chlamydia pneumoniae determined by a specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with the presence of coronary artery disease identified by coronary angiography in esrd patients.	2005	15956072
chlamydia pneumoniae in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from individuals younger than 20 years or older than 60 years.		2005	15956453
serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells infectious burden: correlation to inflammation and atherosclerosis in haemodialysis patients.	infectious agents may be implicated in the inflammatory atherosclerotic process. not only specific microorganisms but also the infectious burden, defined as the number of pathogens to which a patient is exposed, has been associated with atherosclerosis. in the present study, the infectious burden, determined directly (by identification of viable pathogens in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc)) and indirectly (by serum antibodies detection) is correlated to the inflammatory and atheroscler ...	2005	15958038
chlamydophila pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae: a role in asthma pathogenesis?	the potential role of atypical bacterial infection in the pathogenesis of asthma is a subject of continuing debate. there is an increasing body of literature concerning the association between the atypical bacteria chlamydophila pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae and asthma pathogenesis; however, many studies investigating such a link have been uncontrolled and have provided conflicting evidence, in part due to the difficulty in accurately diagnosing infection with these atypical pathogens. th ...	2005	15961690
significance of atypical pathogens among community-acquired pneumonia adult patients admitted to hospital in kuwait.	the aim of this study is to determine the microbial etiology and severity of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in kuwait.	2005	15961932
myd88 is pivotal for the early inflammatory response and subsequent bacterial clearance and survival in a mouse model of chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia.	chlamydia pneumoniae is the causative agent of respiratory tract infections and a number of chronic diseases. here we investigated the involvement of the common tlr adaptor molecule myd88 in host responses to c. pneumoniae-induced pneumonia in mice. myd88-deficient mice were severely impaired in their ability to mount an acute early inflammatory response toward c. pneumoniae. although the bacterial burden in the lungs was comparable 5 days after infection, myd88-deficient mice exhibited only min ...	2005	15964841
relationship between peripheral arterial occlusive disease (paod) and chronic chlamydophila (chlamydia) pneumoniae infection. a meta-analysis.	we carried out a meta-analysis of observational case-control studies published before may 2004 to assess the degree of association between chlamydophila pneumoniae (cp) infection and paod. a search of the medline database was performed using atherosclerosis and "chlamyd* pneumoniae" as keywords. strict criteria were applied for the selection of case studies, which had to be studies of cp seroprevalence or of cp detection in patients versus controls. forty-three published studies that met these c ...	2005	15968402
[chlamydia pneumoniae--a new risk factor for calcific aortic stenosis?].	nonrheumatic, calcific aortic stenosis is the main heart valve disease and the main cause of heart valve replacement in the elderly. recent studies suggest that it is based on a chronic inflammatory process. the pathogenetic mechanisms, however, are unclear.	2005	15968485
evaluation of chronic infectious interstitial pulmonary disease in children by low-dose ct-guided transthoracic lung biopsy.	children with chronic infectious interstitial lung disease often have to undergo open lung biopsy to establish a final diagnosis. open lung biopsy is an invasive procedure with major potential complications. transthoracic lung biopsy (tlb) guided by computed tomography (ct) is a less-invasive well-established procedure in adults.	2005	15968518
tyrosine phosphorylation of the chlamydial effector protein tarp is species specific and not required for recruitment of actin.	chlamydiae are obligate intracellular pathogens that efficiently induce their endocytosis by susceptible eukaryotic host cells. recently, a chlamydia trachomatis type iii secreted effector protein, tarp, was found to be translocated and tyrosine phosphorylated at the site of entry and associated with the recruitment of actin that coincides with endocytosis. c. trachomatis tarp possesses up to six direct repeats of approximately 50 amino acids each. the majority of the tyrosine residues are found ...	2005	15972471
chlamydia pneumoniae augments the oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced death of mouse macrophages by a caspase-independent pathway.	chlamydia pneumoniae is a common respiratory pathogen that is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. however, the mechanisms by which c. pneumoniae contributes to cardiovascular disease have not been determined yet. c. pneumoniae infection may accelerate the death of cells within atherosclerotic lesions and contribute to the formation of unstable lesions. to test this hypothesis, the impact of c. pneumoniae infection on the death of lipid-loaded mouse macrophages was invest ...	2005	15972525
effect of chlamydia pneumoniae on cellular atp content in mouse macrophages: role of toll-like receptor 2.	chlamydiae are obligate intracellular gram-negative bacteria and are dependent on the host cell for atp. thus, chlamydial infection may alter the intracellular levels of atp and affect all energy-dependent processes within the cell. we have shown that both live c. pneumoniae and inactivated c. pneumoniae induce markers of cell death prior to completion of the bacterial growth cycle. as depletion of atp could account for the observed increase in cell death, the effects of c. pneumoniae on atp con ...	2005	15972526
[four cases of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis markedly responsive to steroid therapy].	we report four cases of idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (irpf) effectively treated with steroid therapy. computed tomographic (ct) scan showed the density of soft tissue mass enveloping the abdominal aorta in four cases. from radiographic findings we made a diagnosis of irpf. management with steroid therapy over three months improved general symptoms and radiographic findings. prominent calcification in the wall of the abdominal aorta indicated that the arteriosclerosis was related to irpf. ...	2005	15977597
chlamydia pneumoniae genome sequence analysis and identification of hla-a2-restricted cd8+ t cell epitopes recognized by infection-primed t cells.	in the present study, we performed in silico analysis of chlamydia pneumoniae genome sequence to identify human hla-a2-restricted t cell epitopes. thirty-one chlamydia-specific protein antigens were selected and peptides were derived thereof using an hla-a2 epitope predictive algorithm. firstly, we tested binding of 55 selected 9mer peptides to hla-a2 in vitro. next, infection of hla-a2 transgenic mice with c. pneumoniae elementary bodies and assessment of effector cd8+ t cells allowed us to ide ...	2005	15982792
[serologic examination of patients with prolonged cough in anamnesis].	serological examinations of patients with prolonged cough in history, made at an allergy center, revealed, in 56% of them, igg to antigens of chlamydia pneumoniae and c. psittaci; antibodies to m. pneumonie were detected in 25% of them. it is expedient to diagnose serologically opportunistic infections in order to prevent chronic disease forms and further allergization.	2005	15986800
high rate of seropositivity of chlamydia pneumoniae iga in male patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.	the aim of this study was to investigate if there was any relationship between nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and the rate of chlamydia pneumoniae seropositivity in a male population. fifteen men with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and 20 healthy men were enrolled in the study. the seropositivity rate of chlamydia pneumoniae immunoglobulin a in the nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and control groups was 53.3 and 5%, respectively. the rate of chlamydia pneumoniae immunoglobulin a positivity was significa ...	2005	15986871
chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis: from koch postulates to clinical trials.	atherosclerosis is increasingly viewed as an inflammatory process. a number of infectious agents have been implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease. chlamydia pneumoniae has been the most popular and well-studied of these pathogens. it is difficult to prove a causal relationship which requires the fulfillment of koch's postulates, first developed in the late 1800s, to establish an infectious agent as the cause of a disease process. this paper reviews the evidence for and against ...	2005	15991152
mycoplasma pneumoniae and chlamydia pneumoniae chronic cough in children: efficacy of clarithromycin.		2005	16023330
a multiplex pcr for detection of mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila, and bordetella pertussis in clinical specimens.	a multiplex pcr was developed that is capable of detecting four of the most important bacterial agents of atypical pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydophila pneumoniae, legionella pneumophila, and bordetella pertussis in uncultured patient specimens. these organisms cause similar symptomologies and are often not diagnosed because they are difficult to identify with classical methods such as culture and serology. given this, the overall impact of these pathogens on public health may be gros ...	2005	16024220
a positive association of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (pad) and chlamydophila (clamydia) pneumoniae.	the relationship between chlamydophila pneumoniae (cp) infection and peripheral arterial occlusive disease (pad) was studied by analyzing clinical samples from 95 patients with pad and 100 controls. the following investigations were conducted: igg and iga against lipopolysaccharide (lps) and against purified cp-specific antigens from elementary bodies (eb) with elisa; anti-eb igg, with mif; cp dna in arterial biopsy and peripheral blood mononuclear cells with heminested pcr; lps with elisa; and ...	2005	16028201
[biomechanical characterization of the wall of abdominal aortic aneurysm exposed to infection].	presented herein are three cases of biomechanical evaluation of the wall of the normal abdominal aorta, of the wall of an abdominal aortic aneurysm infected by chlamydia pneumoniae, and of the wall of an abdominal aortic aneurysm uninfected by chlamydia pneumoniae. the samples of the aortic wall and aortic aneurysm were tailored in two directions--transverse and longitudinal. the samples were inserted into the appliance 858 mini bionix produced by the mts for testing the strength of materials an ...	2005	16034320
macrolides for chronic asthma.	asthma is a chronic disease of the airways in which inflammation of the respiratory mucosa plays a crucial role. the mechanisms responsible for the maintaining of this inflammatory response are only partially known and there is evidence that a role could be paid by chronic infection by intracellular pathogens (such as chlamydia pneumoniae). macrolides are antibiotics with both antimicrobic and antiinflammatory activities and thus their use in asthmatic patients could lead to reduction of the air ...	2005	16034882
[meta-analysis on the relationship of chlamydia pneumonia infection and coronary heart disease].	to determine the relationship of chlamydia pneumonia (cp) infection and coronary heart disease (chd).	2005	16038273
chlamydia conjunctivitis and central retinal vein occlusion.	to report a case of coexistent chlamydia conjunctivitis and central retinal vein occlusion (crvo) in which both problems improved significantly after oral doxycyline.	2005	16038672
leukocyte count is associated with reduced endothelial reactivity.	leukocyte count has been associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in several studies. we hypothesized that white blood cell count is associated with endothelial reactivity.	2005	16039287
degradation of chlamydia pneumoniae by peripheral blood monocytic cells.	chlamydia pneumoniae is a common human respiratory pathogen that has been associated with a variety of chronic diseases, including atherosclerosis. the role of this organism in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis remains unknown. a key question is how c. pneumoniae is transferred from the site of primary infection to a developing atherosclerotic plaque. it has been suggested that circulating monocytes could be vehicles for dissemination of c. pneumoniae since the organism has been detected in pe ...	2005	16040967
chlamydia pneumoniae uses the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor for infection of endothelial cells.	several mechanisms for attachment and entry of chlamydia have been proposed. we previously determined that the major outer membrane protein of chlamydia trachomatis is glycosylated with a high-mannose oligosaccharide, and a similar structure inhibited the attachment and infectivity of c. trachomatis in epithelial cells. because insulin-like growth factor 2 (igf2) was shown to enhance the infectivity of chlamydia pneumoniae but not c. trachomatis in endothelial cells, a hapten inhibition assay wa ...	2005	16040974
immuno-histochemical demonstration of the role of chlamydiaceae in renal, uterine and salpingeal disease of the koala, and demonstration of chlamydiaceae in novel sites.	numerous bacteria, including chlamydophila pecorum and chlamydophila pneumoniae, are known to occur in diseased sites in koalas. in the present study the significance of such organisms was investigated by demonstrating their distribution in situ, in tissues collected opportunistically from wild koalas. chlamydiaceae were demonstrated in epithelial cells and macrophages in association with pyogranulomatous pyelonephritis (8/11 kidneys), focal interstitial nephritis (3/21), and active inflammation ...	2005	16045922
detection of helicobacter pylori and chlamydia pneumoniae dna in human coronary arteries and evaluation of the results with serologic evidence of inflammation.	atherosclerosis is pathologically similar to a chronic inflammatory response. recent reports have suggested that chlamydia pneumoniae (c. pneumoniae) and helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis but this relation has not been confirmed on an inflammatory background.	2005	16047055
chlamydia pneumoniae and acute coronary syndrome.		2005	16079381
chlamydia pneumoniae and acute coronary syndrome.		2005	16080248
chlamydia pneumoniae and acute coronary syndrome.		2005	16080249
chlamydia pneumoniae and acute coronary syndrome.		2005	16080250
etiology of community acquired pneumonia among adult patients requiring hospitalization in taiwan.	there has not been a comprehensive multi-center study investigating the microbial profile of community acquired pneumonia (cap) in taiwan.	2005	16085210
the mechanism of base excision repair in chlamydiophila pneumoniae.	repair of damaged dna is of great importance in maintaining genome integrity, and there are several pathways for repair of damaged dna in almost all organisms. base excision repair (ber) is a main process for repairing dna carrying slightly damaged bases. several proteins are required for ber; these include dna glycosylases, ap endonuclease, dna polymerase, and dna ligase. in some bacteria the single-stranded specific exonuclease, recj, is also involved in ber. in this research, six chlamydiophi ...	2005	16085468
a systematic comparison of the quality and volume of published data available on novel risk factors for stroke versus coronary heart disease.	to identify new treatments to prevent stroke, it is important that we have reliable data on potential novel risk factors.	2005	16088113
the relationship between chlamydia trachomatis and chlamydia pneumoniae as the cause of neonatal conjunctivitis (ophthalmia neonatorum).	the authors examined 130 newborns and nursery children from september 1999 till may 2003 from the prague district for the surmise of chlamydial conjunctivitis. chlamydia infections were detected in conjunctival smears. chlamydia trachomatis was confirmed in 20 (15.3%) using ligase chain reaction and c. pneumoniae in 16 (12.3%) children using an indirect immunofluorescent method. direct captures of chlamydial infections of newborns were included in the study. the authors had also examined 671 new ...	2005	16088243
the failure of antibiotics to prevent heart attacks.		2005	16096289
[association between carotid atherosclerosis, inflammatory markers and chlamydia pneumoniae infection].	the aim of this study was to assess the correlation between morphological markers of carotid atherosclerosis, such as intima-media thickness (imt) and the cross-sectional plaque area with markers of inflammation and c. pneumoniae infection.	2005	16096932
clearance of chlamydia pneumoniae infection in h-2 class i human leucocyte antigen-a2.1 monochain transgenic mice.	cd8+ t cells have been suggested to play an important role in protective immunity against pulmonary chlamydia pneumoniae infection in mice. moreover, several classical major histocompatibility complex class i - restricted cytotoxic cd8+ t lymphocytes (ctl) specific for c. pneumoniae- derived peptides have been identified. here, we studied the outcome of c. pneumoniae infection in human leucocyte antigen (hla)-a2.1 transgenic mice (hhd mice) that are only able to express a classical human class i ...	2005	16101819
cross-reactivity of groel antibodies with human heat shock protein 60 and quantification of pathogens in atherosclerosis.	chronic infections such as those caused by chlamydia pneumoniae and periodontopathic bacteria such as porphyromonas gingivalis have been associated with atherosclerosis, possibly due to cross-reactivity of the immune response to bacterial groel with human heat shock protein (hhsp) 60.	2005	16101965
[antibodies against chlamydophila in patients with acute myocardial infarction and coronary risk and their association with mortality].	the primary aim of this study was to determine whether antibodies against chlamydophila pneumoniae in patients with acute myocardial infarction (ami) and coronary risk factors are associated with death.	2005	16104465
[diagnostic tests: chlamydia trachomatis, chlamydophila pneumoniae].		2005	16111232
correlation of chlamydia pneumoniae infection with primary biliary cirrhosis.	to evaluate the association between chlamydia pneumoniae (cpn) infection and primary biliary cirrhosis (pbc).	2005	15996040
[the role of chlamydia pneumoniae in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm].	abdominal aortic aneurysm is a disease with complicated pathogenesis. the known risk factors do not explain fully the mechanism of pathological change formation, and their modification does not stop but only can retard the illness progression. since an exacerbated inflammation has been detected in the aneurysms wall, the hypothesis should be taken under consideration that some role in the disease development may play microorganisms. most attention has been concentrated on chlamydia pneumoniae, b ...	2005	15997650
the load of chlamydia pneumoniae in the alzheimer's brain varies with apoe genotype.	studies from this laboratory have indicated that the intracellular eubacterial respiratory pathogen chlamydophila (chlamydia) pneumoniae is commonly found in brain regions displaying characteristic neuropathology in patients with late-onset alzheimer's disease (ad) but not in congruent samples from non-ad control individuals. in later work, we provided evidence suggesting that some relationship exists between the apoe epsilon4 gene product and the pathobiology of this organism. in the present re ...	2005	15998578
frequency of detection of picornaviruses and seven other respiratory pathogens in infants.	previous studies in which molecular-based techniques have been used to identify the causative pathogens of respiratory tract infection have investigated hospitalized children only. we report a prospective study designed to determine the frequency and clinical presentation of community-acquired respiratory illness in infancy associated with 8 common respiratory pathogens.	2005	15999002
development and evaluation of chlamylege, a new commercial test allowing simultaneous detection and identification of legionella, chlamydophila pneumoniae, and mycoplasma pneumoniae in clinical respiratory specimens by multiplex pcr.	this study describes the development and evaluation of a new commercial test, chlamylege (argene inc.), which allows the simultaneous detection in respiratory samples of chlamydophila pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and most legionella species, as well as pcr inhibitors, by using a multiplex pcr and microplate hybridization. the sensitivities of chlamylege were 1 x 10(-3) ifu, 5 x 10(-2) color-changing units, and 1 cfu per reaction tube for c. pneumoniae, m. pneumoniae, and legionella pneumop ...	2005	16000443
multiple genotypes of chlamydia pneumoniae identified in human carotid plaque.	chlamydia pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular respiratory pathogen that causes 10 % of community-acquired pneumonia and has been associated with cardiovascular disease. both whole-genome sequencing and specific gene typing suggest that there is relatively little genetic variation in human isolates of c. pneumoniae. to date, there has been little genomic analysis of strains from human cardiovascular sites. the genotypes of c. pneumoniae present in human atherosclerotic carotid plaque were ana ...	2005	16000718
community-acquired bacteria frequently detected by means of quantitative polymerase chain reaction in nosocomial early-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia.	to test whether real-time polymerase chain reaction allows for rapid quantitative detection of streptococcus pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and legionella pneumophila in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and to determine the prevalence of these pathogens in nosocomial ventilator-associated pneumonia.	2005	16003053
role of anti-infective strategies in the prevention of stroke.	case-control studies and a few prospective studies have indicated that chronic infections may add to the risk of stroke and that acute infections may act as trigger factors for stroke. such chronic infections include periodontal disease, infection with chlamydia pneumoniae or helicobacter pylori, and chronic bronchitis. a causal role of these infectious diseases has not been proved, given conflicting study results, possible residual confounding in observational studies, and the lack of evidence ...	2005	16004850
[chlamydia pneumoniae and mycoplasma pneumoniae in calcified nodes of stenosed aortic valves].	we investigated whether chlamydia pneumoniae (cp) and mycoplasma pneumoniae (mp) are present in aortic valve stenosis (as).	2005	16007307
chlamydia lps and momp seropositivity are associated with different cytokine profiles in patients with coronary heart disease.	persistent chlamydia pneumoniae infection within atherosclerotic plaques are possible stimulators of inflammation in atherosclerosis. why the microbe develops persistency in some individuals is unknown, but experimental studies in cell cultures and animals have demonstrated the levels of gamma interferon (ifngamma) and interleukin 10 (il-10) to be of crucial importance.	2005	16008544
silencing or permanent activation: host-cell responses in models of persistent chlamydia pneumoniae infection.	chlamydia pneumoniae causes respiratory infections. in chronic diseases associated with chlamydia, such as arteriosclerosis, c. pneumoniae is present in a persistent form, which might participate in pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disease. to elucidate how these intracellular bacteria modulate host-cells during persistence, we compared the expression pattern of a range of host genes after short (24 h) and long (up to 7 days) times of chlamydia infection in hela-cells. one day post infection ...	2005	16008577
systematic determination of the mosaic structure of bacterial genomes: species backbone versus strain-specific loops.	public databases now contain multitude of complete bacterial genomes, including several genomes of the same species. the available data offers new opportunities to address questions about bacterial genome evolution, a task that requires reliable fine comparison data of closely related genomes. recent analyses have shown, using pairwise whole genome alignments, that it is possible to segment bacterial genomes into a common conserved backbone and strain-specific sequences called loops.	2005	16011797
chlamydophila pneumoniae. mechanisms of target cell infection and activation.	chlamydophila (chlamydia) pneumoniae, a gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium, is a widespread respiratory pathogen. chronic c. pneumoniae infection has been suggested as a trigger/promoter of inflammation that may result in vascular lesions. although the genome of c. pneumoniae has been sequenced completely this information has not yet led to an understanding of the mechanisms of acute infection and target cell activation nor to the identification of potential chlamydial virulence fact ...	2005	16113821
chlamydia pneumoniae induces nitric oxide synthase and lipoxygenase-dependent production of reactive oxygen species in platelets. effects on oxidation of low density lipoproteins.	there is increasing evidence that chlamydia pneumoniae is linked to atherosclerosis and thrombosis. in this regard, we have recently shown that c. pneumoniae stimulates platelet aggregation and secretion, which may play an important role in the progress of atherosclerosis and in thrombotic vascular occlusion. the aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of c. pneumoniae on platelet-mediated formation of reactive oxygen species (ros) and oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (ldl) ...	2005	16113822
community epidemiology of chlamydia and mycoplasma pneumoniae in lrti in france over 29 months.	the role of chlamydia pneumoniae (cp) and mycoplasma pneumoniae (mp) in lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) is still little known in community settings.	2005	16119439
effect of simvastatin, an established lipid-lowering drug, on pulmonary chlamydia pneumoniae infection in mice.	the effects of simvastatin treatment on chlamydia pneumoniae lung infection, inflammation, and serum lipids in mouse model were studied. simvastatin decreased viable chlamydial counts and increased inflammatory cell infiltrates in the lung tissue, suggesting that simvastatin treatment had both antichlamydial and immunomodulatory effects during an acute c. pneumoniae infection.	2005	16127082
azithromycin reduces chlamydia pneumoniae-induced attenuation of enos and cgmp production by endothelial cells.	intracellular infections with cytomegalovirus (cmv) or chlamydia pneumoniae (cp) may play a role in the aetiology of atherosclerosis. nitric oxide (no) is a key regulator of endothelial function. under pathological conditions uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (enos) leads to vessel damage as a result of production of oxygen radicals instead of no. we hypothesized that infection-induced atherosclerosis is initiated by changes in no metabolism and may be reversed by azithromycin trea ...	2005	16128864
[prevalence of anti-chlamydophila pneumoniae antibodies in patients with intrinsic asthma].	chlamydophila pneumoniae is a respiratory pathogen which has been involved in the pathogenesis of a number of chronic diseases. we studied the association between igg antibodies against c. pneumoniae and intrinsic asthma in adults. c. pneumoniae igg serum titers were determined by enzymatic immunoassay in 55 adult patients and 87 healthy controls. a significant association was found between anti-c. pneumoniae antibodies and intrinsic asthma, as compared to the control group (23.6% vs. 10.3%, p < ...	2005	16130036
presence of chlamydia pneumoniae in patients with and without atherosclerosis.	data published over the past decade show that chlamydia pneumoniae is likely associated with the development of atherosclerosis. the aim of this study was to ascertain whether c. pneumoniae infections occur more frequently in patients with atherosclerosis than in healthy subjects. a total of 517 persons were studied. serum samples, leukocytes, and tissue samples were assayed for the presence of c. pneumoniae-specific igg and iga antibodies and c. pneumoniae dna. c. pneumoniae dna was found in re ...	2005	16133407