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left ventricular pacing lead insertion via the coronary sinus cardioplegia cannula: a novel method for temporary biventricular pacing during reoperative cardiac surgery.objective: temporary biventricular pacing to treat low output states after cardiac surgery is an active area of investigation. reoperative cases are not studied due to adhesions, which preclude left ventricular mobilization to place epicardial pacing wires. in such patients, inserting a temporary left ventricular lead via the coronary sinus cardioplegia cannula may allow for biventricular pacing. we developed a novel technique for intraoperative left ventricular lead placement. methods: eight do ...201020965517
african swine fever viruses with two different genotypes, both of which occur in domestic pigs, are associated with ticks and adult warthogs, respectively, at a single geographical site.the role of the ancestral sylvatic cycle of the african swine fever virus (asfv) is not well understood in the endemic areas of eastern africa. we therefore analysed the asf infection status on samples collected from 51 free-ranging warthogs (phacocherus africanus) and 1576 ornithodorus porcinus ticks from 26 independent warthog burrows at a single ranch in kenya. abattoir samples from 83 domestic pigs without clinical symptoms, originating from specific locations with no recent reported asf out ...201020965989
[changes in myocardial connexin 43 during ventricular fibrillation].to observe changes in connexin 43 (cx43) after ventricular fibrillation (vf) and the effects of rotigaptide (zp123) on cx43.201020977841
a 6-bp deletion in the tyrp1 gene causes the brown colouration phenotype in chinese indigenous pigs.brown coat colour has been described in chinese-tibetan, kele, and dahe pigs. here, we report the identification of a causal mutation underlying the brown colouration. we performed a genome-wide association study (gwas) on tibetan and kele pigs, and found that brown colours in chinese breeds are controlled by a single locus on pig chromosome 1. by using a haplotype-sharing analysis, we refined the critical region to a 1.5-mb interval that encompasses only one pigmentation gene: tyrosinase-relate ...201020978532
virulence genes and plasmid profiles in rhodococcus equi isolates from domestic pigs and wild boars (sus scrofa) in brazil.the virulence genes and plasmid profiles of 23 rhodococcus equi isolates from 258 lymph nodes from domestic pigs (129 nodes with lesions and 129 without lesions) and 120 lymph nodes from slaughtered wild boars (60 nodes with lesions and 60 without) were characterized. r. equi was obtained from 19 lymph nodes of domestic pigs, 17 with, and two without lesions, and from four lymph nodes with lesions, from wild boars. the 23 isolates were tested for the presence of vapa and vapb genes, responsible ...201020980033
novel robotic da vinci instruments for laparoendoscopic single-site surgery.to describe novel robotic laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (r-less) instruments, and present the initial laboratory experience in urology.201020980046
comparative study of the osseointegration of dental implants after different bone augmentation techniques: vascularized femur flap, non-vascularized femur graft and mandibular bone graft.objectives: the purpose of this study was to evaluate the osseointegration of the dental implants placed into the mandible augmented with different techniques in pigs. material and methods: four adult domestic pigs were used. horizontal augmentation of the mandible was performed in animals by using vascularized femur flap (vff), non-vascularized femur graft (nvfg) and monocortical mandibular block graft (mg). after 5 months of healing 10 dental implants were placed into each augmented site. the ...201021044163
nucleotide variability of the porcine serpina6 gene and the origin of a putative causal mutation associated with meat quality.the serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade a, member 6 gene (serpina6), also known as corticosteroid-binding globulin or cbg, is involved in obesity and stress sensitivity. previous studies have reported putative causal mutations within that gene in the porcine species. to characterize a hypothetical selective footprint, we have resequenced approximately 6 kb of coding and non-coding fragments in 20 pigs comprising domestic breeds and wild boars from asia and europe. nucleotide variability was found ...201021054451
hybrid transureteral natural orifice translumenal endoscopic nephrectomy: a feasibility study in the porcine model.natural orifice approaches for nephrectomy have included access via the stomach, vagina, bladder, and rectum. the use of the ureter as a natural orifice for natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (notes) nephrectomy has not been previously reported. the purpose of this study is to test the feasibility of transureteral laparoscopic notes nephrectomy.201021058889
noninvasive mr characterization of structural and functional components of reperfused infarct.left ventricular (lv) remodeling is a highly complex phenomenon that starts soon after infarction and progresses to extensive regional and global architectural changes over time.201021062130
genetic variations and sequences analysis of mtatp6 and mtatp8 genes among different chinese pig breeds.to investigate the genetic variations of mtatp6 and mtatp8 genes among different chinese pig breeds, two fragments of 425 and 743 bp containing the whole coding region of mtatp8 and mtatp6 genes were amplified with 805 individuals from 23 chinese local pig breeds, three types of chinese wild boars and three european pig breeds. sequence comparison identified a total number of 17 substitutions including six variable sites in mtatp8 and eleven substitutions in mtatp6 gene. the restriction enzyme f ...201021077971
prevalence of porcine circoviruses in transylvanian wild boars, detected by real-time pcr--short communication.porcine circoviruses (pcv) are widespread in domestic pigs worldwide and there is growing information about the presence of pcv in other suid species. based on serological studies with sera of wild boars, it was established that pcv1 was present in these animals and antibodies specific to pcv2 were also detected in wild boars living in captivity or in sylvatic areas, both with or without clinical signs of pmws. studies including pcv2 genome or antigen detection confirmed the previous findings. t ...201021087917
mechanical chest compressions with trapezoidal waveform improve haemodynamics during cardiac arrest.during manual chest compressions for cardiac arrest the waveforms of chest compressions are generally sinusoidal, whereas mechanical chest compression devices can have different waveforms, including trapezoidal. we studied the haemodynamic differences of such waveforms in a porcine model of cardiac arrest.201021093141
gene expression of serotonin and dopamine receptors and monoamine oxidase-a in the brain of dominant and subordinate pubertal domestic pigs (sus scrofa) fed a β-adrenoreceptor agonist.aggression is a major source of social stress with negative effects on health and well-being, yet limited information is known about the molecular mechanisms mediating aggressive behavior in swine. ractopamine (rac) is a β-adrenoreceptor agonist that enhances growth but increases aggressive behaviors in female pigs. thus, the effects of rac, sex, and social rank on the mrna abundance of genes encoding serotonin and dopamine receptors, and monoamine oxidase (mao)-a in brains of sub-adult pigs wer ...201021094150
an on-farm survey of spatial and temporal stratifications of 17β-estradiol concentrations.17β-estradiol (e2) is a natural estrogenic hormone found in animal manure and urine, which may cause endocrine disruption in sensitive organisms. 17β-estradiol has been widely detected in the environment, and animal agriculture may be an important source. the objectives of this study were to investigate the potential sources and/or spatial and temporal characteristics contributing to detections of e2 at the farm-scale. soil cores, segmented into 0.15m increments, were taken down to the water tab ...201021094971
vertebral column, rib and sternal muscles of sulawesi babirusa (babyrousa celebensis).the muscular anatomy of the vertebrae, ribs and sternebrae of the sulawesi babirusa (babyrousa celebensis) is described. there are many similarities to the anatomy of the domestic pig (sus scrofa). however, unlike other pigs, the m. spinalis et semispinalis cervicis et thoracis has an origin from the twelfth thoracic mamillary process. similarly, the babyrousa does not have the lumbar part of the m. obliquus internus abdominis which is found in other pigs. the m. sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis ...201021108656
first detection of african swine fever virus in ornithodoros porcinus in madagascar and new insights into tick distribution and taxonomy.abstract:201021118485
characterization of plasma triiodophenol binding proteins in vertebrates and tissue distribution of triiodophenol in rana catesbeiana tadpoles.we investigated the interaction of 2,4,6-triiodophenol (tip), a potent thyroid hormone disrupting chemical, with serum proteins from rainbow trout (onchorhynchus mykiss), bullfrog (rana catesbeiana), chicken (gallus gallus), pig (sus scrofa domesticus), and rat (rattus norvegicus) using a [(125)i]tip binding assay, gel filtration chromatography, and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. [(125)i]tip bound non-specifically to proteins in trout serum, specifically but weakly to proteins in bul ...201021147258
comparison of purified olive oil and silver sulfadiazine in the treatment of partial thickness porcine burns.introduction: burns are widespread in the developed world, and expensive burn dressings are not universally available. most burn patients suffer from a partial thickness burn that can be treated conservatively. nevertheless, the ideal dressing for the burn wound has not been identified. we performed an animal experiment to compare the healing of partial thickness burns treated with silver sulfadiazine (ssd) and olive oil. methods: a randomized controlled animal experiment was conducted on 3 anes ...201021159471
prins detection of 18s rdna in pig, red fox and chinese raccoon dog, and centromere dna in horse.the fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) technique is widely used in animal cytogenetics. contrary to fish procedure, primed in situ dna synthesis (prins) does not require the dna probe preparation (design, synthesis, gel purification of pcr products and labeling). the prins method with primers used as 'dna probes' is both pcr-sensitive and allows for chromosomal localization of dna sequences. here, we show the application of prins reaction with one unlabeled oligonucleotide pair to identif ...201021166802
experimental infection of common warthogs (phacochoerus africanus) and bushpigs (potamochoerus larvatus) with classical swine fever virus ii: a comparative histopathological study.wild african suidae, the common warthog (phacochoerus africanus) and bushpig (potamochoerus larvatus), were experimentally infected with classical swine fever (csf) virus following the diagnosis of csf subtype 2.1 in domestic pigs in south africa in 2005. no data regarding the susceptibility or potential lesions of these african wild suids are available. seven subadult warthogs and six bushpigs were captured and infected intranasally with the south african isolate. two in-contact control animals ...201021176120
effects of human perturbation on the genetic make-up of an island population: the case of the sardinian wild boar.game species are often manipulated by human beings, whose activities can deeply affect their genetic make-up and population structure. we focused on a geographically isolated wild boar population (sardinia, italy), which is classified, together with the corsican population, as a separate subspecies (sus scrofa meridionalis). two hundred and ten wild boars collected across sardinia were analysed with a set of 10 microsatellites and compared with 296 reference genotypes from continental wild popul ...201021179064
effects of an alpha-4 integrin inhibitor on restenosis in a new porcine model combining endothelial denudation and stent placement.restenosis remains the main complication of balloon angioplasty and/or stent implantation. preclinical testing of new pharmacologic agents preventing restenosis largely rely on porcine models, where restenosis is assessed after endothelial abrasion of the arterial wall or stent implantation. we combined endothelial cell denudation and implantation of stents to develop a new clinically relevant porcine model of restenosis, and used this model to determine the effects of an α4 integrin inhibitor, ...201021179441
prevalence and genotypes of toxoplasma gondii in feline faeces (oocysts) and meat from sheep, cattle and pigs in switzerland.the protozoan parasite toxoplasma gondii infects almost all warm blooded animal species including humans, and is one of the most prevalent zoonotic parasites worldwide. post-natal infection in humans is acquired through oral uptake of sporulated t. gondii oocysts or by ingestion of parasite tissue cysts upon consumption of raw or undercooked meat. this study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of oocyst-shedding by cats and to assess the level of infection with t. gondii in meat-producing ...201021183278
irreversible electroporation in a swine lung model.this study was designed to evaluate the safety and tissue effects of ire in a swine lung model.201021191587
single-port laparoscopic cholecystectomy with the x-cone: a feasibility study in 9 pigs.virtually any port system for single-port laparoscopic surgery is for single usage only. the aim of this study was to trial the novel and completely reusable port x-cone in order to perform a cholecystectomy by one infraumbilical incision.201021193478
scanning electron microscopy analysis of luminal inflammation induced by different types of coronary stent in an animal model.there is histological evidence that drug-eluting stents are associated with delayed endothelialization and a persistent inflammatory state. moreover, clusters of inflammatory cells have been observed on luminal surfaces by scanning electron microscopy. with the aim of quantifying this inflammatory response, we implanted one bare-metal stent and two drug-eluting stents containing different doses of vinblastine embedded in the same polymer into the coronary arteries of 12 domestic pigs. the densit ...201021195533
infrared skin damage thresholds from 1940-nm continuous-wave laser exposures.a series of experiments are conducted in vivo using yucatan mini-pigs (sus scrofa domestica) to determine thermal damage thresholds to the skin from 1940-nm continuous-wave thulium fiber laser irradiation. experiments employ exposure durations from 10 ms to 10 s and beam diameters of approximately 4.8 to 18 mm. thermal imagery data provide a time-dependent surface temperature response from the laser. a damage endpoint of minimally visible effect is employed to determine threshold for damage at 1 ...201021198172
comparison of electrocardiographic recordings in open-chest and closed-chest swine models.the aim of our study was to compare the electrocardiographic recordings in an experimental open-chest swine model before and after left-sided thoracotomy to detect any surgery-induced fluctuations that might interfere with subsequent experimental interventions. we obtained electrocardiograms from 8 deeply anesthetized domestic swine and compared the respective st-segment potentials obtained after vascular surgery and after left-sided thoracotomy and dissection of the left anterior descending cor ...201021205452
genetic characterization of african swine fever viruses from a 2008 outbreak in tanzania.outbreaks of african swine fever (asf) have been reported in the past from several countries in sub-saharan africa. the aim of this study was to genotype asf viruses (asfvs) from the 2008 outbreak in morogoro and dar es salaam regions of tanzania. tissue samples from domestic pigs that died as a result of severe haemorrhagic disease were collected and analysed with pcr and genome sequencing methods using asfv-specific primer sets. nucleotide sequence data were obtained for the b646l (p72), e183l ...201021214868
cloning, characterization and diagnostic performance of the salivary lipocalin protein tsgp1 from ornithodoros moubata.the argasid tick ornithodoros moubata is distributed throughout south and east africa and madagascar, where it colonizes wild and domestic habitats and feeds on warthogs, domestic swine, and humans. this argasid transmits the spirochete borrelia duttonii, causing east african tick-borne relapsing fever in humans, and the african swine fever virus, which causes a highly lethal haemorrhagic disease in pigs. tick surveillance and the elimination of o. moubata from synanthropic environments (human d ...201021216104
orthodontic tooth movement into jaw regions treated with synthetic bone substitute.orthodontic tooth movement is fraught with risks and complications. root resorption is the most frequent and important outcome which may arise due to inappropriate force magnitude or tooth movement into dense or altered bone. this study was aimed to demonstrate histologic changes in tooth roots following movement into a jaw region treated with synthetic bone substitute. another objective was to evaluate the method of experimental tooth movement using an animal model.201021469267
evaluation of genetic variability in the collared peccary pecari tajacu and the white-lipped peccary tayassu pecari by microsatellite markers.in this study, the microsatellite technique was used to evaluate the genetic variability in populations of collared and white-lipped peccaries kept in captivity. six primers developed for domestic pigs were used and amplified in both species. they revealed the presence of five polymorphic loci and one monomorphic locus. the polymorphic loci included 4 of the 16 alleles in collared peccaries, and 3 of the 10 alleles in the white-lipped peccaries. polymorphic information content (pic) in both spec ...201021637606
relative distribution of drugs in decomposed skeletal tissue.skeletal tissues from a domestic pig exposed to amitriptyline, diazepam, and pentobarbital were analyzed to determine the relative distribution of these drugs in bone. following drug exposure and euthanasia, remains were allowed to decompose outdoors to complete skeletonization between summer 2007 and fall 2009. remains were recovered and separated according to bone type. twelve different bone types were pulverized and sampled in triplicate. each bone sample underwent methanolic extraction (96 h ...201021819797
a comparative assessment of zootherapeutic remedies from selected areas in albania, italy, spain and nepal.zootherapy is the treatment of human ailments with remedies derived from animals and their products. despite its prevalence in traditional medical practices worldwide, research on this phenomenon has often been neglected in comparison to medicinal plant research. interviews regarding zootherapeutic traditions were conducted with informants from albania, italy, nepal and spain. we identified 80 species used in zootherapeutic remedies, representing 4 phyla in the animal kingdom: annelida, arthropo ...201021625340
feasibility and safety of endoscopic transesophageal access and closure using a maryland dissector and a self-expanding metal stent.background: secure access and reliable closure is paramount in the setting of transesophageal mediastinal endoscopic surgery. the purpose of this study was to develop a secure transesophageal access technique and to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a novel covered, self-expanding, retractable stent for closure of 15-mm esophageal defects. methods: fifteen-millimeter esophagotomies were created in 18 domestic pigs using needle knife puncture and balloon dilatation or a blunt diss ...201021136086
morphological changes and immunohistochemical expression of rage and its ligands in the sciatic nerve of hyperglycemic pig (sus scrofa).the aim of our project was to study the effect of streptozotocin (stz)-induced hyperglycemia on sciatic nerve morphology, blood plasma markers and immunohistochemical expression of rage (the receptor for advanced glycation end-products), and its ligands-s100b and carboxymethyl lysine (cml)-advanced glycation endproduct (age) in the laboratory pig. six months after stz-injections, blood plasma measurements, morphometric analysis of sciatic nerve fiber density, immunofluorescent distribution of po ...201021852897
a preclinical in vivo investigation of high-intensity focused ultrasound combined with radiotherapy.this study aims to perform an in vivo investigation evaluating the injury to the pancreas and adjacent tissue of swine resulting with high-intensity focused ultrasound (hifu) combined with radiotherapy (rt). the protocol was approved by the animal ethics committee at the peking university first hospital. a total of 12 domestic swine were divided into four groups: control, hifu only, rt only and hifu + rt. the injury to the pancreas, adjacent tissue and tissue within the acoustic path of the hifu ...201121144959
a prospective randomized comparison of traditional laparoendoscopic single-site surgery with needlescopic-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy in the porcine model.abstract background and purpose: laparoendoscopic single-site (less) surgery produces virtually no scar but is technically challenging because of the loss of triangulation. the objective of this study is to compare classic transumbilical less nephrectomy with needlescopic-assisted laparoscopy (nal) surgery. in doing so, we evaluated whether the addition of a single 2-mm subcostal port could restore triangulation while not jeopardizing recovery or cosmetic outcome in the porcine model. materials ...201121631303
treatment of major vein injury with the hemostatic fleece tachosil by interposing a peritoneal patch to avoid vein thrombosis: a feasibility study in pigs.vein lacerations in awkward locations are difficult to repair and carry high mortality. the hemostatic fleece, tachosil, is effective in preventing intraoperative bleeding in different settings, but has not been recommended for use in large vein injury. tachosil with a peritoneal patch interposed to avoid vein thrombosis has been reported as a method to obtain hemostasis in vein laceration, but further studies of this method are needed.201121633573
[laparoscopic pancreatic resections in experimental setting and clinical practice].pancreatic fistula is a major postoperative complication after pancreatic resection. one of the main risk factors of developing the pancreatic fistula after distal pancreatectomy is the method employed for the management of the pancreatic remnant.201121634100
differential resistance of mammalian sperm chromatin to oxidative stress as assessed by a two-tailed comet assay.protamines of eutherian species are cysteine-rich molecules that become cross-linked by disulfide bonds during epididymal transit, whereas the protamines of most marsupial species lack cysteine residuals. the present study made use of the differences in protamine structure between eutherian and metatherian mammal spermatozoa to examine the comparative resistance of sperm dna to oxidative damage in three eutherian species (mus musculus, homo sapiens, sus domesticus) and three metatherian species ...201121635811
the local origin of the tibetan pig and additional insights into the origin of asian pigs.the domestic pig currently indigenous to the tibetan highlands is supposed to have been introduced during a continuous period of colonization by the ancestors of modern tibetans. however, there is no direct genetic evidence of either the local origin or exotic migration of the tibetan pig.201122163285
medicinal animals used in ethnoveterinary practices of the 'cariri paraibano', ne brazil.zootherapy is important in various socio-cultural environments, and innumerous examples of the use of animal derived remedies can currently be found in many urban, semi-urban and more remote localities in all parts of the world, particularly in developing countries. however, although a number of ethnobiological inventories concerning the use of medicinal animals in human health care have been compiled in brazil in recent years, zootherapeutic practices in ethnoveterinary medicine (evm) are poorl ...201121985401
extensive polymorphism in the porcine toll-like receptor 10 gene.the great importance of the toll-like receptors (tlrs) in innate immunity is well established, but one family member - tlr10 - remains elusive. tlr10 is expressed in various tissues in several species, but its ligand is not known and its function is still poorly understood. the open reading frame of tlr10 was sequenced in 15 wild boars, representing three populations, and in 15 unrelated domestic pigs of hampshire, landrace and large white origin. amino acid positions corresponding to detected n ...201122077964
the pig: a model for human infectious diseases.an animal model to study human infectious diseases should accurately reproduce the various aspects of disease. domestic pigs (sus scrofa domesticus) are closely related to humans in terms of anatomy, genetics and physiology, and represent an excellent animal model to study various microbial infectious diseases. indeed, experiments in pigs are much more likely to be predictive of therapeutic treatments in humans than experiments in rodents. in this review, we highlight the numerous advantages of ...201122153753
preserved heart rate variability during therapeutic hypothermia correlated to 96 hours neurological outcomes and survival in a pig model of cardiac arrest.objective:: therapeutic hypothermia initiated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves neurologic outcomes and survival after prolonged cardiac arrest. however, the potential mechanism by which hypothermia improves neurologic outcomes remains unclear. in the current study, we investigated the effect of rapid head cooling on 96-hr neurologic outcomes and survival by heart rate variability analysis in a pig model of prolonged cardiac arrest. design:: prospective randomized controlled animal stu ...201121926589
tracking cats: problems with placing feline carnivores on δo, δd isoscapes.several felids are endangered and threatened by the illegal wildlife trade. establishing geographic origin of tissues of endangered species is thus crucial for wildlife crime investigations and effective conservation strategies. as shown in other species, stable isotope analysis of hydrogen and oxygen in hair (δd(h), δ(18)o(h)) can be used as a tool for provenance determination. however, reliably predicting the spatial distribution of δd(h) and δ(18)o(h) requires confirmation from animal tissues ...201121931770
sensitive mie scattering immunoagglutination assay of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) from lung tissue samples in a microfluidic chip.a microfluidic immunosensor utilizing mie scattering immunoaggultination assay was developed for rapid and sensitive detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) from lung tissue samples of domesticated pigs. antibodies against prrsv were conjugated to the surface of highly carboxylated polystyrene microparticles (diameter=920nm) and mixed with the diluted prrsv tissue samples in a y-shaped microchannel. antibody-antigen binding induced microparticle immunoagglutinati ...201121871925
assessment of rodents as animal models for reston ebolavirus.the emergence of reston ebolavirus (rebov) in domestic swine in the philippines has caused a renewed interest in rebov pathogenicity. here, the use of different rodent species as animal disease models for rebov was investigated. balb/c and stat1(-)(/-) mice, hartley guinea pigs, and syrian hamsters were inoculated intraperitoneally with rebov strain pennsylvania or reston08-a. although virus replication occurred in guinea pigs, hamsters, and stat1(-/-) mice, progression to disease was only obser ...201121987777
evolution of the porcine (sus scrofa domestica) immunoglobulin kappa locus through germline gene conversion.immunoglobulin (ig) gene rearrangement and expression are central to disease resistance and health maintenance in animals. the ig kappa (igk) locus in swine (sus scrofa domestica) contributes to approximately half of all antibody molecules, in contrast to many other cetartiodactyla, whose members provide the majority of human dietary protein and in which kappa locus utilization is limited. the porcine igk variable locus is 27.9 kb upstream of five ig kappa j genes (igkj) which are separated from ...201122109540
the first report on cryptosporidium suis and cryptosporidium pig genotype ii in eurasian wild boars (sus scrofa) (czech republic).a total of 193 faecal samples of adult eurasian wild boars were collected at 12 enclosures across the czech republic and examined for cryptosporidium infection using both microscopic and molecular tools. cryptosporidium oocysts were not detected in any of the 193 faecal samples examined using the aniline-carbol-methyl violet staining method. thirty-two positive cases of cryptosporidium infection were detected using either genus- or species-specific nested pcr. mono-infection with cryptosporidium ...201121917378
vascular responses to drug-eluting and bare metal stents in diabetic/hypercholesterolemic and nonatherosclerotic porcine coronary arteries.animal models used to gain insight into the vascular response to drug-eluting stents are generally juvenile and nonatherosclerotic, whereas stents are placed in patients with complex atherosclerosis and comorbidities. hence, models reflecting these complexities are needed to help elucidate the vascular effects of drug-eluting stents. we compared the vascular responses with bare metal stent (bms) and paclitaxel-eluting stent (pes) implantation in a diabetic/hypercholesterolemic (dm/hc) porcine mo ...201121972400
compartmental analysis of renal bold mri data: introduction and validation.objectives: functional blood oxygenation level-dependent (bold) magnetic resonance imaging is a powerful tool to assess renal function, but bold analysis using t2* image differentiation of cortex and medulla is laborious and prone to errors. we developed and validated an alternative compartmental analysis method to differentiate renal cortical and medullary bold relaxivity index, r2*. this method uses whole-kidney regions of interest (roi), thus eliminating the need for anatomic cortical and med ...201122183077
gastric endoscopic submucosal dissection assisted by a new traction method: the clip-band technique. a feasibility study in a porcine model (with video).endoscopic submucosal dissection (esd) is the standard of care for treating gastric intramucosal neoplasias in japan. however, it is seldom performed in western countries, mainly because it is technically very challenging. several traction methods have been proposed to facilitate submucosal dissection, but they are usually not widely available or are difficult to apply.201122032320
Managing tsetse transmitted trypanosomosis by insecticide treated nets--an affordable and sustainable method for resource poor pig farmers in Ghana.An outbreak of tsetse-transmitted trypanosomiasis resulted in more than 50% losses of domestic pigs in the Eastern Region of Ghana (source: Veterinary Services, Accra; April 2007). In a control trial from May 4(th)-October 10(th) 2007, the efficacy of insecticide-treated mosquito fences to control tsetse was assessed. Two villages were selected--one serving as control with 14 pigsties and one experimental village where 24 pigsties were protected with insecticide treated mosquito fences. The 100 ...201122022625
[effect of ischemic postconditioning on oxidative stress and structural tissue changes in intestinal warm ischemic and autotransplantation models.]introduction/aim: our study investigated the effect of ischemic postconditioning (ipo) in intestinal warm ischemia/reperfusion (i/r) and autotransplantation models. materials and methods: warm ischemia was performed by occlusion of superior mesenteric artery for 1, 3 and 6 hours in white domestic pigs (n = 15). prior to 3 hours reperfusion the intestine was postconditioned by 3 cycles of 30-seconds ischemia and 30-seconds reperfusion (ipo protocol). in the cold ischemia group (n = 15) the bowel ...201122169343
occurrence of giardia and cryptosporidium in pigs on prince edward island, canada.in a cross-sectional study of 633 pigs from 21 herds on prince edward island, canada (pei), the prevalence of infection with cryptosporidium and giardia, and the genotypes and species of isolates were determined in order to establish the zoonotic potential of pigs in this region. as determined by direct immunofluorescence microscopy (dfa), 18 herds (86%) and 163 animals (26%; 95% ci: 22-29%) tested positive for cryptosporidium, while just 3 herds (14%) and 6 animals (1%; 95% ci: 0.4-2%) tested p ...201121868167
burst strength testing of porcine intestinal anastomoses following negative pressure therapy.the effect of negative pressure therapy (npt; the abthera™ open abdomen negative pressure therapy system, kci usa, inc., san antonio, tx) on the integrity of small intestinal anastomoses was evaluated using in situ burst strength testing in a domestic pig model. in each of 3 swine, 8 anastomoses were created, 4 using sutures and 4 using staples. after 24 hours of continuous npt, each anastomosis was subjected to burst strength testing in situ. mean ratios of burst strength of sutured anastomoses ...201121914702
Tyrosine phosphorylation of lactate dehydrogenase A is important for NADH/NAD(+) redox homeostasis in cancer cells.The Warburg effect describes an increase in aerobic glycolysis and enhanced lactate production in cancer cells. Lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) regulates the last step of glycolysis that generates lactate and permits the regeneration of NAD(+). LDH-A gene expression is believed to be upregulated by both HIF and Myc in cancer cells to achieve increased lactate production. However, how oncogenic signals activate LDH-A to regulate cancer cell metabolism remains unclear. We found that the oncogenic ...201121969607
antibody response against trichinella spiralis in experimentally infected rats is dose dependent.abstract: domestic pigs are the main representatives of the domestic cycle of trichinella spiralis that play a role in transmission to humans. in europe, backyard pigs of small household farms are the most important risks for humans to obtain trichinellosis. rats might play a role in the transmission of trichinella spiralis from domestic to sylvatic animals and vice versa. in order to be able to investigate the role of wild rats in the epidemiology of t. spiralis in the netherlands, we studied t ...201122129040
clinically plausible hyperventilation does not exert adverse hemodynamic effects during cpr but markedly reduces end-tidal pco(2).aims: ventilation at high respiratory rates is considered detrimental during cpr because it may increase intrathoracic pressure limiting venous return and forward blood flow generation. we examined whether ventilation at high, yet clinically plausible, tidal volumes could also be detrimental, and further examined effects on end-tidal pco(2) (p(et)co(2)). methods: sixteen domestic pigs were randomized to one of four ventilatory patterns representing two levels of respiratory rate (min(-1)) and tw ...201121854734
improving microcirculation with therapeutic intrathoracic pressure regulation in a porcine model of hemorrhage.intrathoracic pressure regulation (ipr) has been used to treat hypotension and states of hypoperfusion by providing positive pressure ventilation during inspiration followed by augmentation of negative intrathoracic pressure during expiration. this therapy augments cardiac output and lowers intracranial pressure, thereby providing greater circulation to the heart and brain. the effects of ipr on microcirculation remain unknown.201122208172
restricted enzooticity of hepatitis e virus genotypes 1 to 4 in the united states.hepatitis e is recognized as a zoonosis, and swine are known reservoirs, but how broadly enzootic its causative agent, hepatitis e virus (hev), is remains controversial. to determine the prevalence of hev infection in animals, a serological assay with capability to detect anti-hev-antibody across a wide variety of animal species was devised. recombinant antigens comprising truncated capsid proteins generated from hev-subgenomic constructs that represent all four viral genotypes were used to capt ...201121998412
endovascular treatment of peripheral arterial injury with covered stents: an experimental study in pigs.to evaluate the feasibility of using endovascular repair to treat penetrating arterial injuries with covered stents. feasibility was examined according to the circumferential extent of the injury.201121915495
natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (notes): assessment of peritoneal bacterial load after intraperitoneal antimicrobial wash and evaluation of hemodynamic changes in a porcine model.abstract aims. natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (notes) is a promising newly developed procedure; however, it is associated with many complications. the main aim of our study is to assess whether peritoneal wash with antibiotics decreases the bacterial load contamination related to the transgastric approach. methods. ten female farm pigs underwent transgastric peritoneoscopy with fallopian tubal ligation. five pigs were randomized to antibiotic wash of the peritoneal cavity and fi ...201121919809
Temperature-controlled two-wavelength laser soldering of tissues.Laser tissue soldering is a method for bonding of incisions in tissues. A biological solder is spread over the cut, laser radiation heats the solder and the underlying cut edges and the incision is bonded. This method offers many advantages over conventional techniques (e.g., sutures). Past researches have shown that laser soldering, using a single laser, does not provide sufficient strength for bonding of cuts in thick (>1?mm) tissues. This study introduces a novel method for laser soldering of ...201122006733
The evolutionary importance of cell ratio between notochordal and nucleus pulposus cells: an experimental 3-D co-culture study.INTRODUCTION: Notochordal cells and nucleus pulposus cells are co-existing in the intervertebral disc at various ratios among different mammalians. This fact rises the question about the interactions and the evolutionary relevance of this phenomenon. It has been described that these relatively large notochordal cells are mainly dominant in early lifetime of all vertebrates and then differences occur with ageing. Human, cattle, sheep, and goat lose the cells with age, wherea ...201121953383
Free-ranging wild boar: a disease threat to domestic pigs in Switzerland?The risk of transmission of pathogens from free-ranging wild boars (Sus scrofa scrofa) to outdoor domestic pigs (S. scrofa domesticus) is of increasing concern in many European countries. We assess this risk, using Switzerland as an example. We estimated 1) the prevalence of important pathogens in wild boars and 2) the risk of interactions between wild boars and outdoor pigs. First, we tested 252 wild boars from selected areas between 2008 and 2010 for infection with Brucella spp. Bacterial prev ...201122102657
development of lidocaine-coated microneedle product for rapid, safe, and prolonged local analgesic action.purpose: to demonstrate rapid (~1-ámin) lidocaine delivery using 3m's solid microstructured transdermal system (smts) for prolonged, local analgesic action. methods: polymeric microneedles were fabricated via injection molding and then dip-coated using an aqueous lidocaine formulation. the amount of lidocaine coated onto the microneedles was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). to assess drug delivery and dermal pharmacokinetics, lidocaine-coated microneedles were inserte ...201121735335
pseudorabies virus in wild swine: a global perspective.suid herpesvirus 1 (suhv1, syn. aujeszky's disease virus [adv] or pseudorabies virus [prv]), which belongs to the family herpesviridae, subfamily alphaherpesvirinae, genus varicellovirus is the causative agent of aujeszky's disease (ad, pseudorabies), a notifiable disease, that causes substantial economic losses to the swine industry in countries, where ad is present. members of the family suidae (true pigs) are the only natural hosts for prv, although the virus can infect numerous other mammals ...201121837416
guided bone regeneration in pig calvarial bone defects using autologous mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells - a comparison of different tissue sources.due to donor side morbidity and the absence of osteogenic properties in bone substitutes, there is a growing need for an alternative to traditional bone grafting within the scope of tissue engineering. this animal study was conducted to compare the in-ávivo osteogenic potential of adipose-derived (ad), periosteum-derived (pd) and bone marrow-derived (bm) mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (msc). autologous mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells of named tissue origin were induced into osteogenic diffe ...201121723141
non-contiguous finished genome sequence of bacteroides coprosuis type strain (pc139).bacteroides coprosuis whitehead et al. 2005 belongs to the genus bacteroides, which is a member of the family bacteroidaceae. members of the genus bacteroides in general are known as beneficial protectors of animal guts against pathogenic microorganisms, and as contributors to the degradation of complex molecules such as polysaccharides. b. coprosuis itself was isolated from a manure storage pit of a swine facility, but has not yet been found in an animal host. the species is of interest solely ...201121677860
influence of the halothane gene (hal) on pork quality in two commercial crossbreeds.we evaluated the effect of the halothane (hal) gene on the quality of pork in domestic pigs. half-carcasses from two different commercial pig (sus domestica) crossbreeds were analyzed, 46 of which were homozygous dominant (hal(nn)) and 69 of which were heterozygous (hal(nn)) for the halothane gene. the measures included backfat thickness, lean meat percentage, carcass weight, ph 24 h after slaughtering, color, and drip loss; dna was extracted from the haunch muscle. swine with the hal(nn) genoty ...201121823098
seroepidemiologic survey for chlamydia suis in wild boar (sus scrofa) populations in italy.we used serology to estimate the prevalence of exposure to chlamydiae in italian populations of wild boars (sus scrofa). sera from 173 hunter-killed wild boars harvested during the 2006-2009 hunting seasons in three italian regions were tested for antibodies to chlamydia suis, chlamydophila pecorum, chlamydophila abortus, and chlamydophila psittaci by the microimmunofluorescence test. antibody titers to chlamydiae ôëñ 1:32 were detected in 110 of the 173 samples tested (63.6%). specific reactivi ...201121719838
comparison of the compression anastomosis ring (endocar) with a circular stapled anastomosis in a porcine model.purpose. the aim of this study was to compare characteristics of rectal compression and stapled anastomoses at multiple time points. methods. a total of 50 domestic pigs underwent a rectal anastomosis with a compression device or a circular stapler. they were sacrificed at zero-time, 2 days, 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. burst and maximal tolerated pressure and sites of failure, internal diameters, and radiographic leak rates were assessed. desmosine (elastin) levels were determined. results. t ...201121742666
expression, immunolocalization and processing of fertilins adam-1 and adam-2 in the boar (sus domesticus) spermatozoa during epididymal maturation.fertilin alpha (adam-1) and beta (adam-2) are integral membrane proteins of the adam family that form a fertilin complex involved in key steps of the sperm-oocyte membrane interaction. in the present work, we analyzed the presence of adam-1 and adam-2 mrnas, the spermatozoa proteins' processing and their sub-cellular localization in epididymal samples from adult boars. adam-1 and adam-2 mrnas were highly produced in the testis, but also in the vas efferens and the epididymis. on immunoblots of s ...201121718510
cartographical analysis of african swine fever outbreaks in the territory of the russian federation and computer modeling of the basic reproduction ratio.african swine fever (asf), have been introduced into the russian federation from transcaucasia countries, has spread widely across the territory of the southern region of russia since 2008. in this work we present an analysis of the spatial and temporal spread of the disease, determine risk factors by means of gis tools and model the dynamics of the epidemic process both within infected premises (farms) and at the between-farm level to estimate the basic reproduction ratio r(0). the analysis all ...201121840611
evaluation of bioequivalency and toxicological effects of three sources of arachidonic acid (ara) in domestic piglets.arachidonic acid (ara) and docosahexaenoic acid (dha) are routinely added to infant formula to support growth and development. we evaluated the bioequivalence and safety of three ara-rich oils for potential use in infant formula using the neonatal pig model. the primary outcome for bioequivalence was brain accretion of ara and dha. days 3-22 of age, domestic pigs were fed one of three formulas, each containing ara at ôê+0.64% and dha at ôê+0.34% total fatty acids (fa). control diet ara was provi ...201121722692
effects of field-manure applications on stratified 17+¦-estradiol concentrations.the occurrence of the manure-borne estrogen, 17+¦-estradiol (e2), was investigated in laboratory and field soils. in the laboratory, e2 was applied to soil to simulate concentrations found in swine (sus scrofa domestica) manure (5000ngl(-1)). the aqueous-extracted e2 dissipated in the soil by 98% within 1h and was not significantly different from background concentrations (18ng l(-1)) for the duration of the experiment (64h). in the field study, soil cores were taken before and several dates aft ...201121696887
immobilization of russian vx skin depots by localized cooling: implications for decontamination and medical countermeasures.the chemical weapon nerve agent known as russian vx (vr) is a potent organophosphorus (op) compound that is much less studied than its vx analogue with respect to toxicity, as well as to the effectiveness of several known countermeasures against it. an anaesthetized domestic swine model was utilized to assess several approaches in mitigating its toxicity, including the utility of cooling vr treated skin to increase the therapeutic window for treatment. the 6h ld(50) for vr topically applied on t ...201121704135
over-the-wire intravascular ultrasound in an animal model of pulmonary hypertension.intravascular ultrasound (ivus) measures prognostically important pulsatile flow indexes in patients with pulmonary hypertension (ph). ivus catheters traditionally require a guiding catheter for placement which can impact hemodynamics in small infants because the guiding catheter renders the atrioventricular valve incompetent.201121675851
[hepatitis e as zoonosis].the hepatitis e virus (hev) the causative agent of hepatitis e, is a non-enveloped rna virus. hev is transmitted through oral consumption of contaminated food and water according to the currently knowledge now be considered as zoonosis. the main reservoir of hev are pigs, boars and deer. for the first time hev was isolated from animals (pigs) in 1997 in the u.s. genetic analysis of strains isolated from pigs showed high similarity to strains hev isolated from humans. this was the first evidence ...201121735829
Early response of mechanically exposed dental pulps of swine to antibacterial-hemostatic agents or diode laser irradiation.The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of an antibacterial and hemostatic agent to diode laser irradiation in the healing of mechanically exposed porcine pulps.201121678669
Genetic differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals after implementation of an emergency vaccination strategy against classical swine fever in wild boar.Oral emergency vaccination against classical swine fever is a powerful tool to control disease outbreaks among European wild boar and thus to safeguard domestic pigs in affected regions. In the past, when virus detection was mainly done using virus isolation in cell culture or antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, modified live vaccine strains like C-strain "Riems", were barely detectable after oral vaccination campaigns. Nowadays, the use of highly sensitive molecular techniques has given ...201121684092
pandemic a/h1n1/2009 influenza virus in swine, cameroon, 2010.although swine origin a/h1n1/2009 influenza virus (hereafter "ph1n1″) has been detected in swine in 20 countries, there has been no published surveillance of the virus in african livestock. the objective of this study was to assess the circulation of influenza a viruses, including ph1n1 in swine in cameroon, central africa. we collected 108 nasal swabs and 98 sera samples from domestic pigs randomly sampled at 11 herds in villages and farms in cameroon. ph1n1 was isolated from two swine sampled ...201121963416
reston ebolavirus in humans and animals in the philippines: a review.the 2008 reston ebolavirus infection event in domestic pigs has triggered continuing epidemiologic investigations among philippine health and veterinary agencies in collaboration with international filovirus experts. prior to this, there were only 3 known and documented reston ebolavirus outbreaks in nonhuman primates in the world, all traced back to a single geographic source in the philippines in a monkey breeding/export facility. the first one in 1989 was the first-ever ebola virus that emerg ...201121987747
lactocrine programming of female reproductive tract development: environmental connections to the reproductive continuum.for eutherian mammals a continuum of maternal support insures that development of progeny follows an optimal program. beginning in utero, such support extends into the early neonatal period when bioactive factors are communicated from mother to offspring in colostrum/milk. defined as lactocrine signaling, communication of milk-borne bioactive factors from mother to offspring as a consequence of nursing is important for development of somatic tissues, including the female reproductive tract (frt) ...201122033320
detection of amitriptyline, citalopram, and metabolites in porcine bones following extended outdoor decomposition*skeletal remains of a domestic pig were assessed for relative distribution of amitriptyline, citalopram, and metabolites. following acute exposure and outdoor decomposition for 2 years, drugs and metabolites were analyzed in 13 different bones. bones were pulverized following a simple wash procedure, and drugs were extracted by passive incubation in methanol, followed by solid-phase extraction. samples were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (uhplc) and confirmed with gas c ...201122150755
Multi-locus analysis reveals a different pattern of genetic diversity for mitochondrial and nuclear DNA between wild and domestic pigs in East Asia.A major reduction of genetic diversity in mtDNA occurred during the domestication of East Asian pigs. However, the extent to which genetic diversity has been lost in the nuclear genome is uncertain. To reveal levels and patterns of nucleotide diversity and to elucidate the genetic relationships and demographic history of domestic pigs and their ancestors, wild boars, we investigated 14 nuclear markers (including 8 functional genes, 2 pseudogenes and 4 intergenic regions) from 11 different chromo ...201122065995
correlation of angiographic late loss with neointimal proliferation in stents evaluated by oct and histology in porcine coronary arteries.we aimed to evaluate the correlation of angiographic late loss (ll) with the degree of in-stent neointimal proliferation assessed by optical coherence tomography (oct) and histology.201121920339
Nitric oxide involvement in the acrosome reaction triggered by leptin in pig sperm.Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule produced by intracellular nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes. This free radical appears to affect sperm capacitation, a maturation step preceding acrosome reaction. Recent studies have reported leptin ability to promote capacitation and acrosome reaction in pig male gametes.201121970701
comparison of a lightweight polypropylene mesh (optilene® lp) and a large-pore knitted ptfe mesh (gore® infinit® mesh)-biocompatibility in a standardized endoscopic extraperitoneal hernia model.purpose: the use of a mesh with good biocompatibility properties is of decisive importance for the avoidance of recurrences and chronic pain in endoscopic hernia repair surgery. as we know from numerous experiments and clinical experience, large-pore, lightweight polypropylene meshes possess the best biocompatibility. however, large-pore meshes of different polymers may be used as well and might be an alternative solution. me ...201121989559
some aspects of purinergic signaling in the ventricular system of porcine brain.numerous signaling pathways function in the brain ventricular system, including the most important - gabaergic, glutaminergic and dopaminergic signaling. purinergic signalization system - comprising nucleotide receptors, nucleotidases, atp and adenosine and their degradation products - are also present in the brain. however, the precise role of nucleotide signalling pathway in the ventricular system has been not elucidated so far. the aim of our research was the identification of all three eleme ...201121995888
Histopathological investigation in porcine infected with torque teno sus virus type 2 by inoculation.ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Porcine torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) is a small icosahedral and non-enveloped virus which contains a single-stranded (ssDNA), circular and negative DNA genome and infects mainly vertebrates and is currently classified into the 'floating' genus Anellovirus of Circoviridae with two species. Viral DNA of both porcine TTSuV species has a high prevalence in both healthy and diseased pigs worldwide and multiple infections of TTSuV with distinct genotypes or subtypes of the same ...201122171963
experimental infection of bama miniature pigs with a highly virulent classical swine fever virus.currently, larger domestic pigs are only animals widely used in vaccine evaluation and pathogenicity study of classical swine fever virus (csfv). this study was aimed to create an alternative animal experimental infection model of csfv.201121943299
Organization, complexity and allelic diversity of the porcine (Sus scrofa domestica) immunoglobulin lambda locus.We have characterized the organization, complexity, and expression of the porcine (Sus scrofa domestica) immunoglobulin lambda (IGL) light chain locus, which accounts for about half of antibody light chain usage in swine, yet is nearly totally unknown. Twenty-two IGL variable (IGLV) genes were identified that belong to seven subgroups. Nine genes appear to be functional. Eight possess stop codons, frameshifts, or both, and one is missing the V-EXON. Two additional genes are missing an essential ...201122186825
improved skin wound epithelialization by topical delivery of soluble factors from fibroblast aggregates.introduction: timely coverage of an excised burn wound with a split-thickness skin graft, and efficient epithelialization at the donor site wound are key components in the treatment of burn patients. prompt healing is dependent on paracrine support from underlying dermal connective tissue fibroblasts. study aim: using the skin graft donor site in pig as a model for epithelialization, our aim was to evaluate if dermal signals, derived from cultured dermal fibroblast aggregates (finectra), can pro ...201122113100
seroprevalence study in forestry workers from eastern germany using novel genotype 3- and rat hepatitis e virus-specific immunoglobulin g elisas.hepatitis e virus (hev) is the causative agent of an acute self-limiting hepatitis in humans. in industrialized countries, autochthonous cases are linked to zoonotic transmission from domestic pigs, wild boar and red deer. the main route of human infection presumably is consumption of contaminated meat. farmers, slaughterers and veterinarians are expected to be risk groups as they work close to potentially infected animals. in this study, we tested four escherichia coli-expressed segments of the ...201122179131
high prevalence of hepatitis e virus in french domestic pigs.the importance of the domestic pig reservoir for hepatitis e virus (hev) was assessed by estimating the seroprevalence and prevalence of hev contaminated livers in french slaughter-aged pigs. 6565 sera and 3715 livers were randomly sampled from 186 pig farms throughout the country. taking the sampling design into account, the farm-level seroprevalence was 65% (95% ci 57-74) and 31% (95% ci 24-38) of the slaughter-aged pigs had antibodies against hev. the individual prevalence of hev rna positive ...201121872929
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