Publications

characterization of simian immunodeficiency virus variants anatomically compartmentalized in plasma and milk in chronically infected african green monkeys.	unlike human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-infected humans, african-origin, natural simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) hosts, such as african green monkeys (agms), sustain nonpathogenic siv infections and rarely vertically transmit siv to their infants. interestingly, chronically siv-infected agms have anatomically compartmentalized siv variants in plasma and milk, whereas humans and siv-infected rhesus monkeys (rms), asian-origin nonnatural siv hosts, do not exhibit this compartmentali ...	2016	27466415
envelope-specific b-cell populations in african green monkeys chronically infected with simian immunodeficiency virus.	african green monkeys (agms) are natural primate hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). interestingly, features of the envelope-specific antibody responses in siv-infected agms are distinct from that of hiv-infected humans and siv-infected rhesus monkeys, including gp120-focused responses and rapid development of autologous neutralization. yet, the lack of genetic tools to evaluate b-cell lineages hinders potential use of this unique non-human primate model for hiv vaccine development. he ...	2016	27381634
arteriviruses, pegiviruses, and lentiviruses are common among wild african monkeys.	nonhuman primates (nhps) are a historically important source of zoonotic viruses and are a gold-standard model for research on many human pathogens. however, with the exception of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) (family retroviridae), the blood-borne viruses harbored by these animals in the wild remain incompletely characterized. here, we report the discovery and characterization of two novel simian pegiviruses (family flaviviridae) and two novel simian arteriviruses (family arteriviridae) i ...	2016	27170760
immunogenicity and efficacy of alphavirus-derived replicon vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus in nonhuman primates.	human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are major causes of illness among children, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. no vaccine has been licensed for protection against either of these viruses. we tested the ability of two venezuelan equine encephalitis virus-based viral replicon particle (vee-vrp) vaccines that express the hrsv or hmpv fusion (f) protein to confer protection against hrsv or hmpv in african green monkeys. animals immunized with vee-vrp va ...	2016	26772634
short interfering rna inhibits rift valley fever virus replication and degradation of protein kinase r in human cells.	rift valley fever virus (rvfv) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen causing severe outbreaks in humans and livestock in sub-saharan africa and the arabian peninsula. human infections are characterized by fever, sometimes leading to encephalitis, retinitis, hemorrhagic fever, and occasionally death. there are currently no fully licensed vaccines or effective therapies for human use. gene silencing mediated by double-stranded short interfering rna (sirna) is a sequence-specific, highly conserved ...	2016	27933051
the interferon-induced mx2 inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication.	porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) causes one of the most economically important diseases of swine in the world. current vaccination strategies provide only limited protection against prrsv infection. recently, myxovirus resistance 2 (mx2) has been identified as a novel interferon (ifn)-induced, innate immunity restriction factor that inhibits some viral infections. however, the role of mx2 in prrsv infection is not well understood. in this study, we cloned the full-leng ...	2016	26566027
interaction of non-human primate complement and antibodies with hypermucoviscous klebsiella pneumoniae.	emergent hypermucoviscosity (hmv) phenotypes of klebsiella pneumoniae have been associated with increased invasiveness and pathogenicity in primates. in this study, we investigated the interaction of african green monkeys (agm) (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) complement and antibody with hmv and non-hmv isolates as in vitro models of primate infection. significantly greater survival of hmv isolates was evident after incubation in normal serum or whole blood (p < 0.05) of agm donors when compared ...	2016	26951091
pathogenic differences between nipah virus bangladesh and malaysia strains in primates: implications for antibody therapy.	nipah virus (niv) is a paramyxovirus that causes severe disease in humans and animals. there are two distinct strains of niv, malaysia (nivm) and bangladesh (nivb). differences in transmission patterns and mortality rates suggest that nivb may be more pathogenic than nivm. to investigate pathogenic differences between strains, 4 african green monkeys (agm) were exposed to nivm and 4 agms were exposed to nivb. while nivb was uniformly lethal, only 50% of nivm-infected animals succumbed to infecti ...	2016	27484128
[experience of study and possible ways of elimination of false positive and false negative results during execution of polymerase chain reaction on an example of junin virus rna detection].	experience of study and possible ways of elimination of false positive and false negative results during execution of polymerase chain reaction on an example of junin virus rna detection. materialss and methods: junin virus--causative agent of argentine hemorrhagic fever (ahf) strain xjpr37/5787 was obtained from the state collection of pathogenicity group i causative agents of the 48th central research institute. reagent kit for detection of junin virus rna by rt-pcr was developed in the instit ...	2016	26950993
renal epithelial cell injury induced by calcium oxalate monohydrate depends on their structural features: size, surface, and crystalline structure.	urinary crystals in normal and kidney stone patients often differ in crystal sizes and surface structures, but the effects of different crystal properties on renal tubular epithelial cells remain unclear. this study aimed to compare the cytotoxicity of micron/nano-calcium oxalate monohydrate (com) crystals with sizes of 50 nm, 200 nm, 1 μm, 3 μm, and 10 μm to african green monkey renal epithelial (vero) cells, to reveal the effect of crystal size and surface structure on cell injury, and to inve ...	2016	29364612
female monkeys use both the carrot and the stick to promote male participation in intergroup fights.	group-level cooperation often poses a social dilemma in which joint action may be difficult to achieve. theoretical models and experimental work on humans show that social incentives, such as punishment of defectors and rewarding of cooperators, can promote cooperation in groups of unrelated individuals. here, we demonstrate that these processes can operate in a non-human animal species, and be used to effectively promote the production of a public good. we took advantage of the fact that interg ...	2016	27881752
male food defence as a by-product of intersexual cooperation in a non-human primate.	males in a number of group-living species fight in intergroup conflicts to defend access to food resources, a seemingly paradoxical behaviour, given that this resource does not usually limit male fitness directly. we investigated the mechanism(s) driving apparent male food defence in wild vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops pygerythrus) by testing the effect that female resource access, and female audience size and activity had on the response of focal males during simulated intergroup encounte ...	2016	27775042
what's burning got to do with it? primate foraging opportunities in fire-modified landscapes.	anecdotal and formal evidence indicate that primates take advantage of burned landscapes. however, little work has been done to quantify the costs and benefits of this behavior. using systematic behavioral observations from a population of south african vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops pygerythrus), we evaluate differences in food availability and energetics before and after controlled burns altered vegetation near their home range. we aim to determine whether burned habitats offer improved ...	2016	26499205
detection and characterization of diverse coccidian protozoa shed by california sea lions.	tissue-cyst forming coccidia in the family sarcocystidae are etiologic agents of protozoal encephalitis in marine mammals including the federally listed southern sea otter (enhydra lutris). california sea lions (zalophus californianus), whose coastal habitat overlaps with sea otters, are definitive hosts for coccidian protozoa provisionally named coccidia a, b and c. while coccidia a and b have unknown clinical effects on aquatic wildlife hosts, coccidia c is associated with severe protozoal dis ...	2016	27141438
plague vaccine development: current research and future trends.	plague is one of the world's most lethal human diseases caused by yersinia pestis, a gram-negative bacterium. despite overwhelming studies for many years worldwide, there is no safe and effective vaccine against this fatal disease. inhalation of y. pestis bacilli causes pneumonic plague, a fast growing and deadly dangerous disease. f1/lcrv-based vaccines failed to provide adequate protection in african green monkey model in spite of providing protection in mice and cynomolgus macaques. there is ...	2016	28018363
plazomicin is effective in a non-human primate pneumonic plague model.	the efficacy of plazomicin for pneumonic plague was evaluated in a non-human primate model. african green monkeys challenged with a lethal aerosol of yersinia pestis [median (range) of 98 (15-331) ld50s] received placebo (n=12) or 'humanized' dose regimens (6.25, 12.5 or 25mg/kg every 24h) of plazomicin (n=52) after the onset of fever for a duration of 5 or 10days. all animals treated with placebo died, while 36 plazomicin-treated animals survived through study end. the majority (33/36) were eit ...	2016	27614915
temporal progression of pneumonic plague in blood of nonhuman primate: a transcriptomic analysis.	early identification of impending illness during widespread exposure to a pathogenic agent offers a potential means to initiate treatment during a timeframe when it would be most likely to be effective and has the potential to identify novel therapeutic strategies. the latter could be critical, especially as antibiotic resistance is becoming widespread. in order to examine pre-symptomatic illness, african green monkeys were challenged intranasally with aerosolized yersinia pestis strain co92 and ...	2016	27003632
interleukin-2 therapy induces cd4 downregulation, which decreases circulating cd4 t cell counts, in african green monkeys.	african green monkeys (agms) are natural hosts of simian immunodeficiency virus (sivagm). because these animals do not develop simian aids despite maintaining high viral loads, there is considerable interest in determining how these animals have evolved to avoid siv disease progression. unlike nonnatural hosts of siv, adult agms maintain low levels of cd4(+) t cells at steady states and also have a large population of virus-resistant cd8αα t cells that lack cd4 expression despite maintaining t h ...	2016	27053558
social behaviours and networks of vervet monkeys are influenced by gastrointestinal parasites.	substantial research has shown that while some parasite infections can be fatal to hosts, most infections are sub-clinical and non-lethal. such sub-clinical infections can nonetheless have negative consequences for the long-term fitness of the host such as reducing juvenile growth and the host's ability to compete for food and mates. with such effects, infected individuals are expected to exhibit behavioural changes. here we use a parasite removal experiment to quantify how gastrointestinal para ...	2016	27580121
mutation analysis of gldc, amt and gcsh in cataract captive-bred vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops).	non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia (nkh) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of glycine metabolism characterized by accumulation of glycine in body fluids and various neurological symptoms.	2016	27325422
ontogenetic scaling of fore limb and hind limb joint posture and limb bone cross-sectional geometry in vervets and baboons.	previous studies suggest that the postures habitually adopted by an animal influence the mechanical loading of its long bones. relatively extended limb postures in larger animals should preferentially reduce anteroposterior (a-p) relative to mediolateral (m-l) bending of the limb bones and therefore decrease a-p/m-l rigidity. we test this hypothesis by examining growth-related changes in limb bone structure in two primate taxa that differ in ontogenetic patterns of joint posture.	2016	27252095
pheochromocytoma in old world primates (macaca mulatta and chlorocebus aethiops).	pheochromocytoma, a rarely reported adrenal gland neoplasm in old world primates, was diagnosed in 5 rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) and 2 african green monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops) from 3 research institutions. age and sex were available for 6 primates. two males and 4 females were affected, ranging in age from 9 to 31 years. all neoplasms were unilateral and, in the cases reporting the affected gland, 4 involved the right adrenal gland and 2 involved the left. diagnosis was established by c ...	2016	27194431
acid and reduction stimulated logic "and"-type combinational release mode achieved in dox-loaded superparamagnetic nanogel.	a superparamagnetic nanogel featured with a logic "and"-type ph/reduction combinational stimulated release mode was fabricated as a drug delivery system by virtue of parallel crosslinking. the disulfide bond and electrostatic interaction between thiolated alginate (sa-sh) and thiolated/aminated iron oxide nanoparticles (sh-mion-nh2) were employed to achieve the mechanism. the obtained dox-loaded magnetic nanogel is 122.7±20.3nm in size with superparamagnetism. the combinational conditions of ph5 ...	2016	27157762
primary bone microanatomy records developmental aspects of life history in catarrhine primates.	a central challenge in human origins research is to understand how evolution has shaped modern human life history. as fossilized remains of our ancestors provide the only direct evidence for life history evolution, efforts to reconstruct life history in paleontological contexts have focused on hard tissues, particularly on dental development. however, among investigators of other vertebrate groups, there is a long tradition of examining primary bone microstructure to decipher growth rates and ma ...	2016	26989017
multi-atlas library for eliminating normalization failures in non-human primates.	current tools for automated skull stripping, normalization, and segmentation of non-human primate (nhp) brain mri studies typically demonstrate high failure rates. many of these failures are due to a poor initial estimate for the affine component of the transformation. the purpose of this study is to introduce a multi-atlas approach to overcome these limitations and drive the failure rate to near zero. a library of study-specific templates (sst) spanning three old world primate species (macaca f ...	2016	26643442
effect of age and sex on bone markers in chlorocebus aethiops raised in captivity.	the objective was to evaluate the procollagen type i n-propeptide (pinp), osteocalcin (oc), β-crosslaps (β-ctx), and parathyroid hormone (pth) in relation to age and sex of chlorocebus aethiops in captivity.	2016	26555766
the influence of different therapeutic modalities and platelet rich plasma on apexogenesis: a preliminary study in monkeys.	traumatic injuries of permanent teeth with incomplete root formation are frequent during childhood. adequate therapy is important for the further destiny of teeth with damaged pulp.	2016	23986206
neural stem cells derived from human parthenogenetic stem cells engraft and promote recovery in a nonhuman primate model of parkinsons disease.	cell therapy has attracted considerable interest as a promising therapeutic alternative for patients with parkinsons disease (pd). clinical studies have shown that grafted fetal neural tissue can achieve considerable biochemical and clinical improvements in pd. however, the source of fetal tissue grafts is limited and ethically controversial. human parthenogenetic stem cells offer a good alternative because they are derived from unfertilized oocytes without destroying potentially viable human em ...	2016	27931506
phytosynthesized gold nanoparticles from c. roxburghii dc. leaf and their toxic effects on normal and cancer cell lines.	gold nanoparticles are considered of great importance compared to other noble metal nanoparticles and its wide range of applications like pharmaceutics, therapeutics and diagnostics etc. during the past decade, phytosynthesized gold nanoparticles (aunps) are more focused in in vitro and in vivo study. the present study was focused on the gold chloride and phytosynthesized gold nanoparticles from aqueous leaf extract of cassia roxburghii and their toxic effects on african green monkey normal kidn ...	2016	27855358
development and evaluation of topotecan loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a study in cervical cancer cell lines.	the study aims at statistical development of solid lipid nanoparticles (slns) loaded with topotecan hydrochloride for avoiding the drawbacks of conventional drug therapies used in cervical cancer. twenty sln batches were prepared using organic solvent evaporation method to provide response surface curves. thereafter, optimized slns were obtained using numeric method based on desirability functions providing maximum drug loading and appropriate particle size. physical characterization of optimize ...	2016	27816641
a single amino acid dictates protein kinase r susceptibility to unrelated viral antagonists.	during millions of years of coevolution with their hosts, cytomegaloviruses (cmvs) have succeeded in adapting to overcome host-specific immune defenses, including the protein kinase r (pkr) pathway. consequently, these adaptations may also contribute to the inability of cmvs to cross species barriers. here, we provide evidence that the evolutionary arms race between the antiviral factor pkr and its cmv antagonist trs1 has led to extensive differences in the species-specificity of primate cmv trs ...	2016	27780231
genomic changes detected after serial passages in cell culture of virulent human g1p[8] rotaviruses.	serial passages of a virulent mouse rotavirus in cell cultures caused a loss of virulence in mice. to gain insight into the genomic mutations in human rotavirus during cell culture and its attenuation in humans, we serially passaged three wild type human g1p[8] rotavirus strains (wa, dc3695, dc5685) derived from diarrheal stool samples up to 60 times in two different cell cultures (human colon adenocarcinoma cell line: ht29, and primary african green monkey kidney cells: primary agmk). we sequen ...	2016	27543393
protective effects of degraded soybean polysaccharides on renal epithelial cells exposed to oxidative damage.	this study aimed to investigate the protective effects of degraded soybean polysaccharides (dsp) on oxidatively damaged african green monkey kidney epithelial (vero) cells. low dsp concentration (10 μg/ml) elicited an evident protective effect on h2o2-induced cell injury (0.3 mmol/l). the cell viabilities of the h2o2-treated group and the dsp-protected group were 57.3% and 93.1%, respectively. the cell viability decreased to 88.3% when the dosage was increased to 100 μg/ml. dsp protected vero ce ...	2016	27701856
blood cell respirometry is associated with skeletal and cardiac muscle bioenergetics: implications for a minimally invasive biomarker of mitochondrial health.	blood based bioenergetic profiling strategies are emerging as potential reporters of systemic mitochondrial function; however, the extent to which these measures reflect the bioenergetic capacity of other tissues is not known. the premise of this work is that highly metabolically active tissues, such as skeletal and cardiac muscle, are susceptible to differences in systemic bioenergetic capacity. therefore, we tested whether the respiratory capacity of blood cells, monocytes and platelets, are r ...	2016	27693859
data on gene and protein expression changes induced by apabetalone (rvx-208) in ex vivo treated human whole blood and primary hepatocytes.	apabetalone (rvx-208) inhibits the interaction between epigenetic regulators known as bromodomain and extraterminal (bet) proteins and acetyl-lysine marks on histone tails. data presented here supports the manuscript published in atherosclerosis "rvx-208, a bet-inhibitor for treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, raises apoa-i/hdl and represses pathways that contribute to cardiovascular disease" (gilham et al., 2016) [1]. it shows that rvx-208 and a comparator bet inhibitor (beti) jq1 ...	2016	27570805
in vitro anticancer and cytotoxic activities of some plant extracts on hela and vero cell lines.	the aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of in vitro anticancer and cytotoxic activity of the methanolic extracts of 14 medicinal plants, 8 of which are endemic species in anatolia, against the human hela cervical cancer cell line and to compare to the normal african green monkey kidney epithelial cell line (vero) using the mtt colorimetric assay.	2016	27569095
reinjury risk of nano-calcium oxalate monohydrate and calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals on injured renal epithelial cells: aggravation of crystal adhesion and aggregation.	renal epithelial cell injury facilitates crystal adhesion to cell surface and serves as a key step in renal stone formation. however, the effects of cell injury on the adhesion of nano-calcium oxalate crystals and the nano-crystal-induced reinjury risk of injured cells remain unclear.	2016	27382277
neural stem cells derived from human parthenogenetic stem cells engraft and promote recovery in a nonhuman primate model of parkinson's disease.	cell therapy has attracted considerable interest as a promising therapeutic alternative for patients with parkinson's disease (pd). clinical studies have shown that grafted fetal neural tissue can achieve considerable biochemical and clinical improvements in pd. however, the source of fetal tissue grafts is limited and ethically controversial. human parthenogenetic stem cells offer a good alternative because they are derived from unfertilized oocytes without destroying potentially viable human e ...	2016	27213850
effects of heated hydrotherapy on muscle hsp70 and glucose metabolism in old and young vervet monkeys.	increasing heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) in aged and/or insulin-resistant animal models confers benefits to healthspan and lifespan. heat application to increase core temperature induces hsps in metabolically important tissues, and preliminary human and animal data suggest that heated hydrotherapy is an effective method to achieve increased hsps. however, safety concerns exist, particularly in geriatric medicine where organ and cardiovascular disease commonly will preexist. we evaluated young ve ...	2016	27188431
chemical constituents and antiproliferative effects of cultured mougeotia nummuloides and spirulina major against cancerous cell lines.	in this study, the effect of mougeotia nummuloides and spirulina major on vero cells (african green monkey kidney), c6 cells (rat brain tumor cells) and hela cells (human uterus carcinoma) was investigated in vitro. the antiproliferative effect of the methanol extract of m. nummuloides and s. major compared with 5-fluorourasil (5-fu) and cisplatin was tested at various concentrations using the brdu cell proliferation elisa. both m. nummuloides and s. major extracts significantly inhibited the pr ...	2016	26985685
impaired arm function and finger dexterity in a nonhuman primate model of stroke: motor and cognitive assessments.	ischemic stroke is the leading cause of upper extremity motor impairments. although several well-characterized experimental stroke models exist, modeling of upper extremity motor impairments, which are unique to primates, is not well established. cortical representation of dexterous movements in nonhuman primates is functionally and topographically similar to that in humans. in this study, we characterize the african green monkey model of focal ischemia reperfusion with a defined syndrome, impai ...	2016	26956259
human lineage-specific transcriptional regulation through ga-binding protein transcription factor alpha (gabpa).	a substantial fraction of phenotypic differences between closely related species are likely caused by differences in gene regulation. while this has already been postulated over 30 years ago, only few examples of evolutionary changes in gene regulation have been verified. here, we identified and investigated binding sites of the transcription factor ga-binding protein alpha (gabpa) aiming to discover cis-regulatory adaptations on the human lineage. by performing chromatin immunoprecipitation-seq ...	2016	26814189
a comparison of adult body size between captive and wild vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) on the island of st. kitts.	weight and 34 morphological measurements were obtained from 103 vervet monkeys living either in the wild or in captive colonies derived from the wild populations on the island of st. kitts in the eastern caribbean. all measures were taken during the same week, eliminating bias that might result from changing seasonal environmental conditions. vervets on st. kitts are all descended from a small number of individuals brought to the island approximately 400 years ago from west africa, thus eliminat ...	2016	26801341
vitamin d heritability and effect of pregnancy status in vervet monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) under conditions of modest and high dietary supplementation.	the two objectives of the current study were to: 1) investigate the genetic contributions to variations in serum vitamin d concentrations under two dietary conditions (a standard monkey biscuit diet vs. a diet designed to model typical american consumption); and 2) explore the interaction of vitamin d with pregnancy status using a cohort of pedigreed female vervet/african green monkeys.	2016	26708407
adhesion and internalization differences of com nanocrystals on vero cells before and after cell damage.	the adhesion and internalization between african green monkey kidney epithelial (vero) cells (before and after oxidative damage by hydrogen peroxide) and calcium oxalate monohydrate (com) nanocrystals (97±35nm) were investigated so as to discuss the molecular and cellular mechanism of kidney stone formation. scanning electron microscope (sem) was used to observe the vero-com nanocrystal adhesion; the nanocrystal-cell adhesion was evaluated by measuring the content of malonaldehyde (mda), the act ...	2016	26652375
measurement of hematological and serum biochemical normal values of captive housed chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus monkeys and correlation with the age.	some factors such as sex, age, and captivity conditions have a direct influence on the normal hematological and serum biochemical parameters of african green monkeys. on the other hand, reliability in reported values is in many cases limited by studied animal number (<200) and there is not report on the correlation of these parameters with the age in each sex animal group. thus, this study sought determining normal hematological (11) and serum biochemical parameters (9) of 400 captive housed afr ...	2016	26647919
can dicoumarol be used as a gonad-safe anticancer agent: an in vitro and in vivo experimental study.	dicoumarol (dc) has potential for use as a gonad-safe anticancer agent.	2016	26612783
distribution of interstitial telomeric sequences in primates and the pygmy tree shrew (scandentia).	it has been hypothesized that interstitial telomeric sequences (itss), i.e., repeated telomeric dna sequences found at intrachromosomal sites in many vertebrates, could be correlated to chromosomal rearrangements and plasticity. to test this hypothesis, we hybridized a telomeric pna probe through fish on representative species of 2 primate infraorders, strepsirrhini (lemur catta, otolemur garnettii, nycticebus coucang) and catarrhini (erythrocebus patas, cercopithecus petaurista, chlorocebus aet ...	2017	28423373
structural investigation of c6/36 and vero cell cultures infected with a brazilian zika virus.	zika virus (zikv) is a member of the flavivirus genus, and its genome is approximately 10.8 kilobases of positive-strand rna enclosed in a capsid and surrounded by a membrane. studies on the replication dynamics of zikv are scarce, which limits the development of antiviral agents and vaccines directed against zikv. in this study, aedes albopictus mosquito lineage cells (c6/36 cells) and african green monkey kidney epithelial cells (vero cells) were inoculated with a zikv sample isolated from a b ...	2017	28898286
inflammatory monocytes expressing tissue factor drive siv and hiv coagulopathy.	in hiv infection, persistent inflammation despite effective antiretroviral therapy is linked to increased risk of noninfectious chronic complications such as cardiovascular and thromboembolic disease. a better understanding of inflammatory and coagulation pathways in hiv infection is needed to optimize clinical care. markers of monocyte activation and coagulation independently predict morbidity and mortality associated with non-aids events. we identified a specific subset of monocytes that expre ...	2017	28855397
standardization of dna residual quantification method of vero cell rabies vaccine for human use.	normalize the quantification of residual dna from vero cells in the rabies vaccine for use in human vahv i, by quantitative pcr in real time and the design of primers that amplified, highly repetitive sequences of cercopithecus aethiops and a constitutive gene according to sequences reported in the genbank and quantifying the residual dna in the vaccine vahv i in three consecutive batches according to the standard set by the world health organization.	2017	28839473
genomic tools for the use of nonhuman primates in translational research.	nonhuman primates (nhps) are important preclinical models for understanding the etiology of human diseases and for developing therapies and vaccines to cure or eliminate disease. most human diseases have genetic components. therefore, to be of maximal utility, the nhp species used for translational science should be as well characterized in regard to their genome and transcriptome as possible. this article reviews the current status of genomic information for the five nhp species used most often ...	2017	28838069
cyclophilin a potentiates trim5α inhibition of hiv-1 nuclear import without promoting trim5α binding to the viral capsid.	the host immunophilin cyclophilin a (cypa) binds to the capsid protein (ca) of hiv-1 and regulates its infectivity. depending on the target cell type, cypa can either promote or inhibit hiv-1 infection. the ability of cypa to promote hiv-1 infection has been extensively studied and linked to several steps in early replication including uncoating, reverse transcription and nuclear import. by contrast, the mechanism by which cypa inhibits infection is less well understood. we investigated the mech ...	2017	28767697
smart release nano-formulation of cytochrome c and hyaluronic acid induces apoptosis in cancer cells.	herein we tested a nanosized cancer-cell targeted delivery system based on cytochrome c (cyt c) and hyaluronic acid. cyt c was chosen since it is a per se non-toxic protein but causes apoptosis when delivered to the cytoplasm of target cells. hyaluronic acid was employed to create the nanosized delivery system with passive targeting capability in order to exploit the enhanced permeation and retention (epr) effect and active targeting capability of hyaluronic acid. in addition, our goal was to in ...	2017	28706754
in vitro and in vivo anticancer studies of 2'-hydroxy chalcone derivatives exhibit apoptosis in colon cancer cells by hdac inhibition and cell cycle arrest.	considering the therapeutic values of bioflavonoids in colon cancer treatment, six 2'-hydroxy chalcones (c1-c6) were synthesized, characterized and screened for in vitro cytotoxicity on human colon carcinoma (hct116) and african green monkey kidney epithelial cells (vero). only c5 showed selective cytotoxicity against hct116 cells. other potent cytotoxic compounds were c1, c2 and c3. further screening included enzyme inhibition studies on histone deacetylase (hdac) enzyme where c1 showed lowest ...	2017	28694750
renal vascular and glomerular pathologies associated with spontaneous hypertension in the nonhuman primate chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus.	hypertension is a complex, multifactorial disease affecting an estimated 78 million adults in the united states. despite scientific gains, the etiology of human essential hypertension is unknown and current experimental models do not recapitulate all the behavioral and physiological characteristics of the pathology. researchers should assess the translational capacity of these models and look to other animal models for the discovery of new therapies. chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus, the african gre ...	2017	28659284
milk oligosaccharides inhibit human rotavirus infectivity in ma104 cells.	background: oligosaccharides in milk act as soluble decoy receptors and prevent pathogen adhesion to the infant gut. milk oligosaccharides reduce infectivity of a porcine rotavirus strain; however, the effects on human rotaviruses are less well understood.objective: in this study, we determined the effect of specific and abundant milk oligosaccharides on the infectivity of 2 globally dominant human rotavirus strains.methods: four milk oligosaccharides-2'-fucosyllactose (2'fl), 3'-sialyllactose ( ...	2017	28637685
time-dependent subcellular structure injuries induced by nano-/micron-sized calcium oxalate monohydrate and dihydrate crystals.	comparative studies were conducted to investigate the time effect of cell injury induced by nano-sized (50nm) and micron-sized (10μm) calcium oxalate monohydrate (com) and dihydrate (cod) crystals in african green monkey renal epithelial (vero) cells. the effects of nano-/micron-sized com and cod exposure on vero cells were investigated by detecting the cell viability, cell morphology, ldh release, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell cycle, and cell apoptosis, as well ...	2017	28629039
optimized method for isolation of immature intracytoplasmic retroviral particles from mammalian cells.	to biochemically and structurally characterize viral intracytoplasmic particles (icaps), a sample of high purity and homogeneity is usually required. production of icaps in the system closely related to their natural host cells is crucial for the analysis of host-cell binding proteins involved in icaps assembly, transport and budding. however, this approach is often hampered by problems with low yield of the icaps due to either low expression or fast release from the host cell. another obstacle ...	2017	28619602
hematologic and biochemical ris for an aged population of captive african green monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus).	established ris for geriatric african green monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) are critical for clinical differentiation of normal aging from disease-related changes in this population.	2017	28543372
radiosynthesis and in vivo evaluation of [(11)c]a1070722, a high affinity gsk-3 pet tracer in primate brain.	dysfunction of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (gsk-3) is implicated in the etiology of alzheimer's disease, parkinson's disease, diabetes, pain, and cancer. a radiotracer for functional positron emission tomography (pet) imaging could be used to study the kinase in brain disorders and to facilitate the development of small molecule inhibitors of gsk-3 for treatment. at present, there is no target-specific or validated pet tracer available for the in vivo monitoring of gsk-3. we radiolabeled the smal ...	2017	28485573
characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infectivity in human embryonic kidney cells.	porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), a causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea, causes economic loss in the global swine industry. vero cell, an african green monkey kidney cell line, has been commonly used to isolate and propagate pedv. however, since the production of interferon in these cells is defective, vero cells are not the ideal cell type to study the molecular mechanisms of pedv infection and the host antiviral innate immune response. in this study, we observed that human embry ...	2017	28470417
vaccine cigb 247 is potentially safe for use as a novel therapeutic vaccine against cancer in chlorocebus aethiops monkeys.	cigb 247 is a novel cancer therapeutic vaccine based on human vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) variant molecule as antigen, in combination with a bacterial adjuvant. this vaccine candidate has previously demonstrated efficacy and safety in mice, rats, rabbits and non-human primates. in the present study we evaluated the effects on the clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters of cigb 247 vaccine in chlorocebus aethiops monkeys. three groups of monkeys were immunized with three ...	2017	28463787
cytotoxic t cell functions accumulate when cd4 is downregulated by cd4(+) t cells in african green monkeys.	african green monkeys (agms) are a natural host of siv that do not develop simian aids. adult agms naturally have low numbers of cd4(+) t cells and a large population of mhc class ii-restricted cd8αα t cells that are generated through cd4 downregulation in cd4(+) t cells. in this article, we study the functional profiles and siv infection status in vivo of cd4(+) t cells, cd8αα t cells, and cd8αβ t cells in lymph nodes, peripheral blood, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of agms and rhesus macaqu ...	2017	28438898
assessment of potential mirna biomarkers of vero-cell tumorigenicity in a new line (agmk1-9t7) of african green monkey kidney cells.	patterns of microrna expression appear to delineate the process of spontaneous neoplastic development-transformation (spndt) occurring in the african green monkey kidney (agmk) vero cell line (teferedegne et al., 2010). analysis of microarray data identified 6 micrornas whose high-level of expression peaked when the world health organization 10-87 vero cells became tumorigenic at passage (p) 190. six mirnas were identified as potential biomarkers for the expression of the vero-cell tumorigenic p ...	2017	28434690
effects of naturally occurring charged mutations on the structure, stability, and binding of the pin1 ww domain.	pin1 is a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase, whose ww domain specifically recognizes the pser/thr-pro motif. pin1 is involved in multiple phosphorylation events that regulate the activities of various substrates, and pin1 deregulation has been reported in various diseases, including cancer and alzheimer's disease. the ww domain of pin1 has been used as a small model protein to investigate the folding mechanisms of the β-sheet structure by studying the effect of mutations or its naturally occur ...	2017	28431929
sodium alginate and gum acacia hydrogels of zinc oxide nanoparticles reduce hemolytic and oxidative stress inflicted by zinc oxide nanoparticles on mammalian cells.	zinc oxide nanoparticles are important nanomaterials currently under research due to their applicability in nanomedicine. toxicity of zno nps has been extensively studied and has been shown to affect various cell types and animal systems. in this study, we investigated hemolytic potential and oxidative stress inflicted by zno nps and zno nps-loaded-sodium alginate-gum acacia hydrogels on horse erythrocytes and african green monkey kidney (vero) cells. our study provides a better understanding of ...	2017	28373047
nanoethosomal formulation of gammaoryzanol for skin-aging protection and wrinkle improvement: a histopathological study.	free radical scavengers and antioxidants, with the main focus on enhanced targeting to the skin layers, can provide protection against skin ageing.	2017	28277843
the demographic and adaptive history of the african green monkey.	relatively little is known about the evolutionary history of the african green monkey (genus chlorocebus) due to the lack of sampled polymorphism data from wild populations. yet, this characterization of genetic diversity is not only critical for a better understanding of their own history, but also for human biomedical research given that they are one of the most widely used primate models. here, i analyze the demographic and selective history of the african green monkey, utilizing one of the m ...	2017	28199709
size-dependent cellular uptake mechanism and cytotoxicity toward calcium oxalate on vero cells.	urinary crystals with various sizes are present in healthy individuals and patients with kidney stone; however, the cellular uptake mechanism of calcium oxalate of various sizes has not been elucidated. this study aims to compare the internalization of nano-/micron-sized (50 nm, 100 nm, and 1 μm) calcium oxalate monohydrate (com) and dihydrate (cod) crystals in african green monkey renal epithelial (vero) cells. the internalization and adhesion of com and cod crystals to vero cells were enhanced ...	2017	28150811
vacuolation activity and intracellular trafficking of artb, the binding subunit of an ab5 toxin produced by salmonella enterica serovar typhi.	various salmonella enterica serovars, including s. enterica serovar typhi, encode an ab5 toxin (artab), the a subunit of which is an adp-ribosyltransferase related to the s1 subunit of pertussis toxin. however, although the a subunit is able to catalyze adp-ribosylation of host g proteins, a cytotoxic phenotype has yet to be identified for the holotoxin. here we show that its b subunit pentamer (artb) binds to receptors on the surface of vero (african green monkey kidney) cell, cho (chinese hams ...	2017	28533468
identification and characterization of the tyrosinase gene (tyr) and its transcript variants (tyr_1 and tyr_2) in the crab-eating macaque (macaca fascicularis).	tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme that regulates melanin biosynthesis and is encoded by the tyrosinase (tyr) gene. previous studies demonstrated that mutations in tyr could lead to oculocutaneous albinism type 1 (oca1) owing to the failure of melanin formation. although a previous study found that albinism in the rhesus monkey was derived from a mutation in tyr, the identification and characterization of this gene in non-human primates has not been achieved thus far. thus, using the rapid ...	2017	28756020
modern-day siv viral diversity generated by extensive recombination and cross-species transmission.	cross-species transmission (cst) has led to many devastating epidemics, but is still a poorly understood phenomenon. hiv-1 and hiv-2 (human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2), which have collectively caused over 35 million deaths, are the result of multiple csts from chimpanzees, gorillas, and sooty mangabeys. while the immediate history of hiv is known, there are over 45 lentiviruses that infect specific species of primates, and patterns of host switching are not well characterized. we thus took a ...	2017	28672035
in vivo evaluation of [(18)f]fecimbi-36, an agonist 5-ht2a/2c receptor pet radioligand in nonhuman primate.	we recently reported the radiosynthesis and in vitro evaluation of [(18)f]-2-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-n-(2-(2-fluoroethoxy)benzyl)ethanamine, ([(18)f]fecimbi-36) or ([(18)f]1), an agonist radioligand for 5ht2a/2c receptors in postmortem samples of human brain. herein we describe the in vivo evaluation of [(18)f]fecimbi-36 in vervet/african green monkeys by pet imaging. pet images show that [(18)f]fecimbi-36 penetrates the blood-brain barrier and a low retention of radioactivity is observed ...	2017	27889455
uterine angioleiomyoma in an african green monkey (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus).	a uterine neoplasm was observed, as an incidental finding, during post-mortem examination of a 26-year-old female multiparous african green monkey (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus). the intramural, expansile, 2 to 3 cm well-demarcated, dark-red, nodular neoplasm was located on the anterior uterine body (corpus) wall.	2017	27859319
pair housing of vervets/african green monkeys for biomedical research.	vervets, also known as african green monkeys, are a nonhuman primate species widely used in biomedical research. however, there are currently few references available describing techniques and rates of success for pair-housing this species. we present data from four cohorts of vervets from three different facilities: (i) the wake forest vervet research colony (vrc; n = 72 female pairs, n= 52 male pairs), (ii) the university of louisiana at lafayette-new iberia research center (ul-nirc; n = 57 fe ...	2017	26539878
comparison of gastrointestinal parasite communities in vervet monkeys.		2017	28685946
direct estimate of the spontaneous germ line mutation rate in african green monkeys.	here, i provide the first direct estimate of the spontaneous mutation rate in an old world monkey, using a seven individual, three-generation pedigree of african green monkeys. eight de novo mutations were identified within ∼1.5 gbp of accessible genome, corresponding to an estimated point mutation rate of 0.94 × 10-8per site per generation, suggesting an effective population size of ∼12000 for the species. this estimation represents a significant improvement in our knowledge of the population g ...	2017	29068052
bobcats (lynx rufus) are natural definitive host of besnoitia darlingi.	bovine besnoitiosis, caused by besnoitia besnoiti, is an economically important disease of cattle in many countries but its transmission remains a mystery. wild felids are suspected to be its definitive hosts. the domestic cat (felis catus) is known experimental definitive host for besnoitia species of rodents. here, we report for besnoitia darlingi the first identification of a natural definitive host, the bobcat (lynx rufus). oocysts resembling toxoplasma gondii (unsporulated; 10.9±0.8×12.1±0. ...	2017	29173547
aging african green monkeys manifest transcriptional, pathological, and cognitive hallmarks of human alzheimer's disease.	while many preclinical models of alzheimer's disease (ad) have been reported, none fully recapitulate the disease. in an effort to identify an appropriate preclinical disease model, we characterized age-related changes in 2 higher order species, the african green monkey (agm) and the rhesus macaque. gene expression profiles in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the visual cortex showed age-related changes in agms that are strikingly reminiscent of ad, whereas aged rhesus were most similar to ...	2017	29353102
obesity and obesogenic growth are both highly heritable and modified by diet in a nonhuman primate model, the african green monkey (chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus).	in humans, the ontogeny of obesity throughout the life course and the genetics underlying it has been historically difficult to study. we compared, in a non-human primate model, the lifelong growth trajectories of obese and non-obese adults to assess the heritability of and map potential genomic regions implicated in growth and obesity.	2017	29211707
siv coreceptor specificity in natural and non-natural host infection: implications for cell targeting and differential outcomes from infection.	pathogenic hiv-1 infection of humans and sivmac infection of macaques are the result of zoonotic transfer of primate immunodeficiency viruses from their natural hosts into non-natural host species. natural host infections do not result in pathogenesis despite high levels of virus replication, and evidence suggests that differences in anatomical location and specific subsets of cd4+ t cells infected may underlie distinct outcomes from infection. the coreceptor ccr5 has long been considered the so ...	2017	29173179
respiratory syncytial virus elicits enriched cd8+ t lymphocyte responses in lung compared with blood in african green monkeys.	respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of serious lower respiratory tract disease in young children and older adults throughout the world. prevention of severe rsv disease through active immunization is optimal but no rsv vaccine has been licensed so far. immune mechanisms of protection against rsv infection in humans have not been fully established, thus a comprehensive characterization of virus-specific immune responses in a relevant animal model will be beneficial in defining co ...	2017	29121080
natural killer cells migrate into and control simian immunodeficiency virus replication in lymph node follicles in african green monkeys.	natural killer (nk) cells play an essential role in antiviral immunity, but knowledge of their function in secondary lymphoid organs is incomplete. lymph node follicles constitute a major viral reservoir during infections with hiv-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (sivmac). in contrast, during nonpathogenic infection with siv from african green monkeys (sivagm), follicles remain generally virus free. we show that nk cells in secondary lymphoid organs from chronically sivagm-infecte ...	2017	29035370
pathogenic correlates of simian immunodeficiency virus-associated b cell dysfunction.	we compared and contrasted pathogenic (in pig-tailed macaques [ptms]) and nonpathogenic (in african green monkeys [agms]) sivsab infections to assess the significance of the b cell dysfunction observed in simian (siv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infections. we report that the loss of b cells is specifically associated with the pathogenic siv infection, while in the natural hosts, in which siv is nonpathogenic, b cells rapidly increase in both lymph nodes (lns) and intestine. siv-assoc ...	2017	28931679
comparison of saliva collection methods for the determination of salivary cortisol levels in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta), cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis), and african green monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops).	the ability to quickly and accurately determine cortisol as a biomarker for stress is a valuable tool in assessing the wellbeing of nhp. in this study, 2 methods of collecting saliva (a commercial collection device and passive drool) and the resulting free salivary cortisol levels were compared with total serum cortisol concentration in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta), cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis) and african green monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops) at 2 collection time points. serum a ...	2017	28315649
comparison of saliva collection methods for the determination of salivary cortisol levels in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta), cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis), and african green monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops).	the ability to quickly and accurately determine cortisol as a biomarker for stress is a valuable tool in assessing thewellbeing of nhp. in this study, 2 methods of collecting saliva (a commercial collection device and passive drool) and the resulting free salivary cortisol levels were compared with total serum cortisol concentration in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta),cynomolgus macaques (macaca fascicularis) and african green monkeys (chlorocebus aethiops) at 2 collection time points.serum and ...	2017	28256186
regulators of mitochondrial quality control differ in subcutaneous fat of metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese monkeys.	obesity exists with and without accompanying cardiometabolic disease, termed metabolically unhealthy obesity (muo) and healthy obesity (mho), respectively. underlying differences in the ability of subcutaneous (sq) fat to respond to nutrient excess are emerging as a key pathway. this study aimed to document the first spontaneous animal model of mho and muo and differences in sq adipose tissue.	2017	28236433
systematic evaluation of monoclonal antibodies and immunoassays for the detection of interferon-γ and interleukin-2 in old and new world non-human primates.	non-human primates (nhp) provide important animal models for studies on immune responses to infections and vaccines. when assessing cellular immunity in nhp, cytokines are almost exclusively analyzed utilizing cross-reactive anti-human antibodies. the functionality of antibodies has to be empirically established for each assay/application as well as nhp species. a rational approach was employed to identify monoclonal antibodies (mab) cross-reactive with many nhp species. panels of new and establ ...	2017	27889562
convergent balancing selection on the mu-opioid receptor in primates.	the mu opioid receptor is involved in many natural processes including stress response, pleasure, and pain. mutations in the gene also have been associated with opiate and alcohol addictions as well as with responsivity to medication targeting these disorders. two common and mutually exclusive polymorphisms have been identified in humans, a118g (n40d), found commonly in non-african populations, and c17t (v6a), found almost exclusively in african populations. while a118g has been studied extensiv ...	2017	28333316
isolation, molecular characterization, and in vitro schizogonic development of sarcocystis sp. ex accipiter cooperii from a naturally infected cooper's hawk (accipiter cooperii).	raptors serve as the definitive host for several sarcocystis species. the complete life cycles of only a few of these sarcocystis species that use birds of prey as definitive hosts have been described. in the present study, sarcocystis species sporocysts were obtained from the intestine of a cooper's hawk (accipiter cooperii) and were used to infect cell cultures of african green monkey kidney cells to isolate a continuous culture and describe asexual stages of the parasite. two clones of the pa ...	2017	28033565
isolation of a simian immunodeficiency virus from a malbrouck (chlorocebus cynosuros).	to investigate the diversity of simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) among nonhuman primates (nhps) in zambia, next-generation sequencing was performed to determine the complete genome sequence of a novel siv recovered by co-culturing african green monkey (agm) peripheral blood lymphocytes with human cd4(+) t-cell lines. we report the first described siv (sivagmmal-zmb) from a malbrouck (chlorocebus cynosuros). sivagmmal-zmb was detected by real-time pcr analysis of splenic rna in 3.2% (3/94) of ...	2017	27804019
the genetic stability of piv5-vectored rsv vaccine candidates after in vitro and in vivo passage.	human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading etiologic agent of lower respiratory tract infections in children, but no licensed vaccine exists. previously, our laboratory developed two parainfluenza virus 5 (piv5)-based rsv vaccine candidates that protect mice against rsv challenge. piv5 was engineered to express either the rsv fusion protein (f) or the rsv major attachment glycoprotein (g) between the hn and l genes of the piv5 genome [piv5-rsv-f (hn-l) or piv5-rsv-g (hn-l)]. to inves ...	2017	28747497
filovirus research: how it began.	the first reported filovirus outbreak occurred in august 1967, when laboratory workers in marburg and frankfurt, germany, and belgrade, yugoslavia (now serbia) became infected with an unknown highly pathogenic agent. the disease was characterized by high fever, malaise, rash, hemorrhagic and tetanic manifestations, and high lethality, amounting to 25%. the disease was introduced to europe by grivets (chlorocebus aethiops), which were used for biomedical research and vaccine production. the causa ...	2017	28766193
detection of picobirnaviruses in vervet monkeys (chlorocebus sabaeus): molecular characterization of complete genomic segment-2.	during 2014-2015, 270 fecal samples were collected from non-diarrheic, captive and wild african green monkeys (agms) on the island of st. kitts, caribbean region. by rna-page, picobirnaviruses (pbvs) were detected in sixteen captive agms. by rt-pcr and sequencing of partial gene segment-2, pbvs in 15 of these 16 samples were assigned to genogroup-i. the full-length nucleotide (nt) sequence of gene segment-2 of one of the genogroup-i pbv strains, strain pbv/african green monkey/kna/016593/2015, w ...	2017	28057480
pulmonary edema following central nervous system lesions induced by a non- mouse-adapted ev71 strain in neonatal balb/c mice.	enterovirus (ev) infection has been a serious health issue in asia-pacific region. it has been indicated that the occurrence of fatal hand foot and mouth disease (hfmd) cases following ev71 infection is mainly attributed to pulmonary edema. however, the development of pulmonary disorders after ev71 infection remains largely unknown. to establish an ev71-infected animal model and further explore the underlying association of central nervous system (cns) invasion with pulmonary edema, we isolated ...	2017	29282065
in vitro cytotoxicity of zinc oxide, iron oxide and copper nanopowders prepared by green synthesis.	in vitro cytotoxic effects of zno, feo and cu metallic nanopowders (nps) on vero (african green monkey kidney cell line), pk 15 (pig kidney cell line) and madin darby bovine kidney (mdbk) cell lines were investigated at different time intervals (24 and 48 h). mtt (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effects of green synthesized (plant based) nanopowders. the comparative effects of exposure period and concentration of nanopowders ...	2017	28959669
synthesis, characterization and biological applications of mycosynthesized silver nanoparticles.	silver nanoparticles (agnps) have been known for their inhibitory and bactericidal effects. in the present study, less toxic agnps using cunninghamella echinulata is reported for the first time. the obtained agnps were characterized using uv-visible spectrophotometer, xrd, ft-ir, fe-sem with edax and hr-tem. agnps showed the maximum absorbance at 420-430 nm. the transmission electron micrograph revealed the formation of considerably uniform-sized agnps with an average size of 20-50 nm. the reduc ...	2017	28955630
phytochemical profiling of turbinaria ornata and its antioxidant and anti-proliferative effects.	to analyse the phytochemicals and evaluate the antioxidant and anti-proliferative ability of turbinaria ornata (turner) j. agardh, 1848.	2017	31435259
a case of gallstones in an african green monkey (chlorocebus aethiops).	spontaneous cholelithiasis was found in a male african green monkey (chlorocebus aethiops) at necropsy. choleliths varied in size, shape and colour. gallstones were analysed using accepted analytical methods. results showed that the gallstones were composed of cholesterol and protein in varying proportions. histologically, the gallbladder showed diffuse mild to moderate lymphocytic infiltration. the etiology of the cholelithiasis in the examined individual remains unknown.	2017	32110690