Publications

near-ultraviolet magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy of protein conformational states: correlation of tryptophan band position and intensity with hemoglobin allostery.	the near-uv magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy of the aromatic amino acid bands of hemoglobin was investigated as a potential probe of structural changes at the alpha(1)beta(2) interface during the allosteric transition. allosteric effectors were used to direct carp and chemically modified human hemoglobins into the r (relaxed) or t (tense) state in order to determine the heme-ligation-independent spectral characteristics of the quaternary states. the tryptophan magnetic circular dichroism ...	2000	10852712
1h spin-spin relaxation in normal and cataractous human, normal fish and bird eye lenses.	a systematic study on nuclear spin-spin relaxation of water protons in human, fish and bird eye lenses/lens nuclei is reported. the purpose of this study is to clarify the real nature of the relaxation processes not describable as a single exponential decay. the characterization of the spin-spin relaxation by a single exponential is commonly used both in literature and in mri diagnostics. however, in our opinion, this single exponential decay hypothesis is an oversimplification that can lead to ...	2000	10866001
differential scanning calorimetry of light meromyosin fragments having various lengths of carp fast skeletal muscle isoforms.	various recombinant light meromyosin (lmm) fragments were prepared from cdnas encoding the 10 degrees c and 30 degrees c types of myosin heavy chain isoforms predominantly expressed in fast skeletal muscles of the 10 degrees c- and 30 degrees c-acclimated carp, respectively. these included three kinds of quarter fragments, 1/4-, 2/4-, and 4/4-quarter, composed of residues 1-130, 131-270, and 401-563 from the n-terminus, respectively, as well as three halves, n-, m-, and c-half fragments, contain ...	2000	10876153
identification of a nuclear export signal in mkk6, an activator of the carp p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases.	carp homologues of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) and its activator mapk kinase 6 (mapkk6, referred to as mkk6) were identified. there exist at least two distinct carp p38s, cp38a and cp38b, both of which consist of 361 amino acids. the transcript of c38a was exclusively expressed in the ovary, whereas that of cp38b was ubiquitously expressed. western blot analysis with anti-(phosphorylated mapk) ig specific to the active p38 or jnk has shown that p38 was activated in response to hy ...	2000	10880959
the distribution of the introduced tapeworm bothriocephalus acheilognathi in australian freshwater fishes.	native and exotic fishes were collected from 29 sites across coastal and inland new south wales, queensland and victoria, using a range of techniques, to infer the distribution of bothriocephalus acheilognathi (cestoda: pseudophyllidea) and the host species in which it occurs. the distribution of b. acheilognathi was determined by that of its principal host, carp, cyprinus carpio; it did not occur at sites where carp were not present. the parasite was recorded from all native fish species where ...	2000	10881282
dna vaccines encoding viral glycoproteins induce nonspecific immunity and mx protein synthesis in fish.	protective immunity by vaccination with plasmid dna encoding a viral glycoprotein (g) has long been assumed to result from the induction of a specific immune response. we report here that the initial protection may be due to the induction of alpha/beta interferon, with long-term protection due to a specific response to the encoded viral g. dna vaccines encoding the gs of three serologically unrelated fish rhabdoviruses were used to vaccinate rainbow trout against a lethal challenge with infectio ...	2000	10888644
common egg envelope antigens are limited to the animal class.	the antigens of the egg envelope (zona pellucida) in mammals are of special interest because of their possible involvement in immunoinfertility and as candidate targets for immunocontraception. conserved zona epitopes from divergent species may present a suitable source and an animal model for investigation of the above factors. we compared egg envelope antigens from 6 species of vertebrates belonging to 3 different classes in order to demonstrate the existence of shared antigens. egg envelopes ...	2000	10898216
doxorubicin represses carp gene transcription through the generation of oxidative stress in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes: possible role of serine/threonine kinase-dependent pathways.	doxorubicin (dox), an anthracyclin antineoplastic agent, causes dilated cardiomyopathy. carp has been identified as a nuclear protein whose mrna levels are exquisitely sensitive to dox. in this study we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the repression of carp expression by dox in cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. dox (1 micromol/l)-mediated decrease in carp mrna levels was strongly correlated with bnp but not with anp mrna levels. hydrogen peroxide scavenger catalase (1 mg/m ...	2000	10900167
cardiac ankyrin repeat protein is a novel marker of cardiac hypertrophy: role of m-cat element within the promoter.	carp, a cardiac doxorubicin (adriamycin)-responsive protein, has been identified as a nuclear protein whose expression is downregulated in response to doxorubicin. in the present study, we tested the hypothesis that carp serves as a reliable genetic marker of cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro. carp expression was markedly increased in 3 distinct models of cardiac hypertrophy in rats: constriction of abdominal aorta, spontaneously hypertensive rats, and dahl salt-sensitive rats. in additio ...	2000	10904011
carassius rfamide, a novel fmrfa-related peptide, is produced within the retina and involved in retinal information processing in cyprinid fish.	carassius rfamide (c-rfa) is a novel peptide, isolated originally from the brain of the japanese crucian carp and sharing homologies with mammalian prolactin-releasing peptide (prrp). it has been demonstrated previously that c-rfa mrna is abundant in the proximal half (fundus) of the japanese crucian carp eye. in the present work, we localized c-rfa by immunohistochemistry mainly to perikarya, in the proximal half of the inner nuclear layer (amacrine cell layer). this distribution is different f ...	2000	10904133
monoclonal antibodies to plasma high density lipoprotein (hdl) of eel (anguilla japonica).	six week-old female mice (balb/c) injected intraperitonealy with 50 micrograms of eel high density lipoprotein (hdl) emulsified with equal volume of adjuvant three times every two weeks. three weeks after the third injection, hyperimmunized mice were boosted by injection of 100 micrograms of hdl. after 5 days, the best responding mouse to injected hdl was sacrificed, and spleen cells were fused with mouse myeloma cells (sp2/o-ag14), and hybridomas were cultured in a selection medium. monoclonal ...	2000	10904860
the inferior oilvary complex.	although many studies have established the connections of the inferior olivary complex, there have been relatively few studies on the morphology of this nuclear complex. on the base of the similar topographic relations and connections with the cerebellum, the inferior olivary complex is regarded as homologous in all vertebrates. we present comprehensive light microscopical qualitative and quantitative analysis of the inferior olivary complex in different representatives of submammilian and mammi ...	2000	10925479
carp interleukin-1 beta in the role of an immuno-adjuvant.		2000	10938746
molecular cloning and expression analysis of the putative carp (cyprinus carpio) pre-b cell enhancing factor.		2000	10938748
complete genomic organization and promoter analysis of the round-spotted pufferfish jak1, jak2, jak3, and tyk2 genes.	we have previously reported the isolation of the jak1 gene from the round-spotted pufferfish. in the present study, we cloned and characterized genomic sequences encoding pufferfish jak2, jak3, and tyk2, which are other members of jak family. to our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate the existence of four jak genes in fish. all pufferfish jak genes except jak1 are composed of 24 exons; jak1 has an additional exon. a comparison of the exon-intron organization of these genes reveal ...	2000	10945233
in vitro cultivation of trypanoplasma borreli (protozoa: kinetoplastida), a parasite from the blood of common carp cyprinus carpio.	an in vitro culture system was developed for trypanoplasma borreli, a pathogenic flagellate from the blood of european cyprinids. trypanoplasms multiplied rapidly in a mixture of hanks' balanced salt solution (hbss, 45%), l15 (22.5%), earle's minimum essential medium (mem, 22.5%) and 10% distilled water, which was supplemented with 5 to 10% heat-inactivated pooled carp serum. in medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum, multiplication of t. borreli seemed to be inhibited. cultures initiated w ...	2000	10950181
flow cytometric analysis of proliferative responses of carp cyprinus carpio peripheral blood leukocytes to mitogens and to the hemoflagellate trypanoplasma borreli.	the activation of carp peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) was analysed radiometrically and by means of flow cytometry (fcm) in order to compare the results obtained with both methods. the qualitative and quantitative fcm analyses of cellular morphology and viability resulted in a further characterisation of proliferative responses of carp pbl to trypanoplasma borreli in vivo and in vitro. the lymphocyte population of pbl from t. borreli-infected carp exhibited a marked shift in forward scattered ...	2000	10950182
effects of bothriocephalus acheilognathi on the polarization response of pronephric leucocytes of carp, cyprinus carpio.	an in vitro assay was used to examine the effect of bothriocephalus acheilognathi yamaguti, 1934 (cestoda: pseudophyllidea) on the polarization response of pronephric leucocytes of carp, cyprinus carpio. leucocytes, isolated from naive, naturally-infected fish and carp injected intraperitoneally with cestode extracts, were exposed to parasite extracts (protein concentrations 0-10.0 microg ml-1), for up to 24 h in the presence or absence of carp serum. in general, polarization responses of the pr ...	2000	10953226
a thyrotropin-like molecule from the pituitary of an indian freshwater murrel: comparison of its biological activity with other thyrotropins.	murrel pituitary thyrotropin-like molecule (mtsh) was purified to homogeneity with the help of a convenient and sensitive in vitro assay system where addition of this material to the thyroid follicle incubation stimulated thyroxine (t(4)) secretion into the medium. pituitary extract of a freshwater murrel, channa punctatus, was solvent extracted to obtain glycoprotein enriched fraction. this was subjected to sephadex g-100 gel filtration and eluate of void volume (peak i) showed strong tsh activ ...	2000	11790339
use of green fluorescent protein (gfp) to study the invasion pathways of edwardsiella tarda in in vivo and in vitro fish models.	edwardsiella tarda is a fish pathogen that causes systemic infections in many food and ornamental fish. e. tarda ppd130/91 and ppd125/87 were selected as representatives of the virulent and avirulent groups, respectively, from eight fish isolates, and transformed with plasmids encoding either green fluorescent protein (pgfpuv) or blue fluorescent protein (pbfp2). two host models were used to study the invasion pathway of e. tarda in vitro and in vivo. epithelioma papillosum of carp (epc) was use ...	2000	10658647
muscle regulatory factor gene: zebrafish (danio rerio) myogenin cdna.	myogenin is one of the basic helix-loop-helix proteins that regulate muscle-specific gene expression. using reverse transciption-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), 5'- and 3'-rapid amplification of cdna ends (race), zebrafish myogenin cdna was cloned from mrna of embryos at 10-96 h post-fertilization. the cdna, at 1384 base pairs (bp), contained a 771-bp open reading frame with 113- and 500-bp flanking regions at the 5'- and 3'-ends, respectively. the deduced amino acid sequences of zebrafish m ...	2000	11126756
uptake and processing of biofilm and free-cell vaccines of aeromonas hydrophila in indian major carps and common carp following oral vaccination--antigen localization by a monoclonal antibody.	uptake and processing of biofilm (bf) and free-cell (fc) vaccines of aeromonas hydrophila were studied in the indian major carps catla catla catla, and rohu labeo rohita and in the common carp cyprinus carpio following a single dose oral vaccination of 10(11) cfu g(-1) fish. fish were sampled at 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 h and at 2, 3, 5 and 10 d following vaccination and antigen localization was studied in the gut, kidney and spleen employing monoclonal antibody based immunofluorescence and immunope ...	2000	11145450
concentrations and frequencies of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in a native american population that consumes great lakes fish.	polychlorinated biphenyl congener profiles were examined in serum samples from 61 native american (ojibwa) volunteers who regularly consumed fish harvested from the great lakes region. a total of 93 peaks are reported which represent 126 individual chlorobiphenyls.	2000	11192460
records of the bird capillariid nematode ornithocapillaria appendiculata (freitas, 1933) n. comb. from freshwater fishes in mexico, with remarks on capillaria patzcuarensis osorio-sarabia et al., 1986.	re-examination of capillariid specimens collected from the freshwater fish chirostoma estor jordan from lake pátzcuaro in 1985-1986 and deposited as paratypes of capillaria patzcuarensis osorio-sarabia, pérez-ponce de león & salgado-maldonado, 1986 showed that their morphology was in contradiction with the description of this species and, in fact, they could be identified as the species originally described as c. appendiculata freitas, 1933 from cormorants phalacrocorax brasilianus (gm.) in braz ...	2000	10682923
structure-fluorescence correlations in a single tryptophan mutant of carp parvalbumin: solution structure, backbone and side-chain dynamics.	heterogeneous fluorescence intensity decays of tryptophan in proteins are often rationalized using a model which proposes that different rotameric states of the indole alanyl side-chain are responsible for the observed fluorescence lifetime heterogeneity. we present here the study of a mutant of carp parvalbumin bearing a single tryptophan residue at position 102 (f102w) whose fluorescence intensity decay is heterogeneous and assess the applicability of a rotamer model to describe the fluorescen ...	2000	10704313
enhancing effect of 5 alpha-cyprinol sulfate on mucosal membrane permeability to sodium ampicillin in rats.	effect of 5 alpha-cyprinol sulfate, a bile alcohol sulfate specific to carp bile, on rectal membrane permeability to sodium ampicillin (amp na) was examined in rats. amp na is not easily absorbed through rat rectal membrane without aid. 5 alpha-cyprinol sulfate significantly enhanced the rectal membrane permeability to amp na even at a low concentration (6.25 mm), though sodium taurocholate needed a higher concentration (25 mm). co-administration of phosphatidylcholine significantly suppressed t ...	2000	10704893
two metallothioneins in the fresh-water fish, crucian carp (carassius cuvieri): cdna cloning and assignment of their expression isoforms.	two metallothionein cdnas (mt-a and mt-b) in the fresh-water fish crucian carp (carassius cuvieri temminck et schlegel) were cloned. sequence analysis of both cdnas gave the structure of a coding region corresponding to 60 amino acid residues. the homology of their deduced amino acid sequences was completely conserved at the positions of the cysteine residue, but a significant difference existed in the size of their 3'-untranslated regions (130 base pairs for mt-a and 280 base pairs for mt-b). d ...	2000	10706375
addition of signal leader sequences to the n-termini of olfactory receptor proteins enhances their expression in xenopus oocytet.	several recent papers have reported the difficulties in expressing olfactory receptor proteins (ors) in heterologous systems, and proposed that some sequences in ors have negative effects on their efficient expression. to obtain an efficient expression system of ors, we modified n-terminal sequences of ors through the addition of exogenous sequences. three kinds of sequences, designated as 5ht, v, and vl, were used. 5ht and v corresponded to the signal leader (sl) sequences of 5ht 3r and vipr, r ...	2000	10993157
cyclooxygenase-derived products, rather than nitric oxide, are endothelium-derived relaxing factor(s) in the ventral aorta of carp (cyprinus carpio).	in some fish blood vessels, the existence of a no (nitric oxide) system has been reported. we examined the possibility that this no system acts as an endothelium-derived relaxing factor (edrf) in carp aorta using the carp aorta alone and in a combined carp-rat aorta donor-detector system. use of the typical no stimulating agent in mammal acetylcholine (ach) only induced constriction of the carp aorta. this response was not modified by denudation or by no synthesis inhibition with n-nitro-l-argin ...	2000	10996821
enhancement of catalytic efficiency by the combination of site-specific mutations in a carbonic anhydrase-related protein.	a single mutation, involving the replacement of an arginine residue with histidine to reconstruct a zinc-binding site, suffices to change a catalytically inactive murine carbonic anhydrase-related protein (carp) to an active carbonic anhydrase with a co2-hydration turnover number of 1.2 x 104 s-1. further mutations, leading to a more 'carbonic anhydrase-like' active-site cavity, results in increased activity. a quintuple mutant having his94, gln92, val121, val143, and thr200 (human carbonic anhy ...	2000	10998050
color-opponent responses of small and giant bipolar cells in the carp retina.	the physiological and morphological properties of color-opponent bipolar cells in the carp retina were studied. fifty nine off-center bipolar cells and 63 on-center bipolar cells out of about 500 total bipolar cells recorded showed color-opponent responses. the off-center color-opponent bipolar cells were classified into three subgroups according to their spectral and spatial responses. fifty off-center color-opponent cells responded with depolarization to a blue light spot and with hyperpolariz ...	2000	11016579
a case with 47,xxy,del(11)(q23) karotype-coexistence of jacobsen and klinefelter syndromes.	a case with 47,xxy, del(11)(q23) karyotype-coexistence of jacobsen and klinefelter syndromes: a two-year-old dysmorphic male child was found to have 47,xxy,del(11)(q23) karyotype. domination of the clinical features of jacobsen syndrome was observed: mild mental retardation, trigonocephaly, ptosis, downward slanting palpebral fissures, low set ears, carp-shape mouth and micrognathia. transient thrombocytopenia and leukopenia were also present. over the following five years gynecomastia and eunuc ...	2000	11043435
concentrations of some heavy metals in water, sediment and fish species from the atatürk dam lake (euphrates), turkey.	concentrations of heavy metals (cd, co, cu, fe, hg, mn, mo, ni, pb and zn) were measured in the water, sediment and fish species (acanthobrama marmid, chalcalburnus mossulensis, chondrostoma regium, carasobarbus luteus, capoetta trutta and cyprinus carpio) from the atatürk dam lake, turkey. among the heavy metals studied cd, co, hg, mo and pb were not detected in water, sediments and fish samples, while ni was undetectable levels in fish samples. levels of cu, fe, mn and zn varied depending on d ...	2000	11057573
cloning, sequencing, and analysis of expression of a second il-1beta gene in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).	the full-length sequence of a second il-1beta gene (il-1beta2) in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) has been obtained. as with the first il-1beta gene, il-1beta2 is organized into six exons/five introns. there are only small differences in their intron/exon sizes, with the exception of intron 3, which is 334 bp smaller in il-1beta2. the transcript encoded by the il-1beta2 gene contains a 5' untranslated region (utr) of 121 bp, followed by a 762-bp open reading frame and a 518-bp 3'utr. the 3'u ...	2000	11061285
characterization of parameters for in vitro culture of isolated ovarian follicles of greenback flounder rhombosolea tapirina.	isolated ovarian follicles of greenback flounder rhombosolea tapirina were incubated with a variety of gonadotropins (gths) and steroid precursors for periods of up to 42 h, and levels of free and glucuronated testosterone (t) and 17beta-estradiol (e(2)) in the medium, and free t and e(2) from inside follicles were measured by ria. short incubations (6 h) generated increases in t and e(2) in response to steroid precursors, but not human chorionic gth (hcg), or salmon or carp gth. at incubation t ...	2000	11064285
evaluation of the genotoxic and cytochrome p450 monooxygenase-inhibitory potential of dicuran on procaryotic and eucaryotic test systems.	the effect of the herbicide dicuran 500 fl (formulated product) on the phenotypical and genotypical changes in procaryotic and eucaryotic organisms was investigated using short-term tests for detecting genotoxins. since pesticides discharged in the water environment can modulate the mixed-function monooxygenases (mfo) detoxification system of water organisms, the in vivo and in vitro effects of dicuran on hepatic cytochrome p450 (cyt p450) monooxygenase activities were also examined in juvenile ...	2000	11069017
genomic organization and the promoter region of the round-spotted pufferfish (tetraodon fluviatilis) cdc37 gene.	the cdc37 gene was isolated from a round-spotted pufferfish genomic library and characterized. this gene is composed of nine exons spanning 3.5 kb. exon 1 contains the 5'-untranslated region and exon 2 contains the putative translation initiation site. by 5'-race (rapid amplication of cdna ends) and sequence analysis, we deduced the promoter region for the cdc37 gene and found that it does not contain typical tata or ccaat box. the 1.8 kb dna fragment upstream of the putative transcription initi ...	2000	11072077
determination of 4-nonylphenol, nonylphenol monoethoxylate, nonylphenol diethoxylate and other alkylphenols in fish and shellfish by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection.	a simple and highly sensitive method is described for the hplc determination of 4-nonylphenol (np), 4-nonylphenol mono- (np1eo) and diethoxylates (np2eo) in fish and shellfish together with bisphenol a (bpa), 4-tert.-butylphenol (bp) and 4-tert.-octylphenol (op). the np, np1eo, np2eo and other alkylphenols in the samples are extracted with acetonitrile and the lipid in the sample extract is eliminated by partitioning between hexane and acetonitrile. after florisil pr clean-up the sample extract ...	2000	11076083
light-adaptive role of nitric oxide in the outer retina of lower vertebrates: a brief review.	the role of nitric oxide (no) as a novel neurochemical mechanism controlling light adaptation of the outer retina is discussed by considering mainly published results. the emphasis is on the retinae of fishes and amphibia, but some data from the mammalian (rabbit) retinae have also been included for completeness. in the fish retina, application of no donors in the dark caused light-adaptive photomechanical movements of cones. the normal effect of light adaptation in inducing cone contractions wa ...	2000	11079398
molecular cloning of carp (cyprinus carpio) leucocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2, glia maturation factor beta, cd45 and lysozyme c by use of suppression subtractive hybridisation.		2000	11081442
physiological induction of a beta-adrenergic receptor kinase inhibitor transgene preserves ss-adrenergic responsiveness in pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy.	transgenic mice with constitutive myocardium-targeted expression of a peptide inhibitor of the ss-adrenergic receptor kinase (ssarkct) have increased in vivo cardiac function and enhanced ss-adrenergic receptor (ssar) responsiveness.	2000	11094043
an immunocytochemical study of the pituitary gland of the white seabream (diplodus sargus).	the adenohypophysis of the white seabream (diplodus sargus) was studied using histochemical and immunocytochemical techniques. the adenohypophysis was composed of rostral pars distalis, proximal pars distalis and pars intermedia. prolactin (anti-chum salmon prolactin positive) and adrenocorticotropic (anti-human acth positive) cells were found in the rostral pars distalis. prolactin cells were organized into follicles, while acth cells were arranged in cords around neurohypophyseal tissue branch ...	2000	11254089
isolation and characterization of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored, mucin-like surface glycoproteins from bloodstream forms of the freshwater-fish parasite trypanosoma carassii.	wild and farmed freshwater fishes are widely and heavily parasitized by the haemoflagellate trypanosoma carassii. in contrast, common carp, a natural host, can effectively control experimental infections by the production of specific anti-parasite antibodies. in this study we have identified and partially characterized mucin-like glycoproteins which are expressed in high abundance [(6. 0+/-1.7)x10(6) molecules.cell(-1)] at the surface of the bloodstream trypomastigote stage of the parasite. the ...	2000	10642530
the onset of foreign gene transcription in nuclear-transferred embryos of fish.	the transcriptional onset ofhgh-transgene in fish was studied in the following three cases: the first is inmthgh-transgenic f(4) common carp (cyprinus carpio) embryos, the second is in nuclear-transferred embryos supported by the transgenic f(4) embryonic nuclei, and the third is in nuclear-transferred embryos supported by the transgenic f(4) tail-fin nuclei. rt-pcr results show that thehgh-transgene initiates its transcriptional activity from early-gastrula stage, the early blastula stage and e ...	2000	18726354
natural hybridization between diploid crucian carp species and genetic independence of triploid crucian carp elucidated by dna markers.	the population structure of genus carassius in lake koyama, southeast japan, was analyzed by genetic markers as microsatellite dna, mtdna rflp and isozymes. based on the ploidy level and morphological analysis, four carassius groups were detected. the triploid group was identified as ginbuna (c. langsdorfii). in the diploid group, nagabuna (c. burugeri sp) and gengoroubuna, (c. cuvieri) were identified. remaining diploid individuals had morphological traits that were intermediate between nagabun ...	2000	18494591
biomarkers assessment in juvenile cyprinus carpio exposed to waterborne cadmium.	the impact of long-term exposure to waterborne cadmium (cd) on cyprinus carpio was evaluated through changes of selected parameters considered as biomarkers of toxicity. fish were exposed to 1.6 mg l(-1) cd for 14 days and then transferred to cd-free water for 19 days. the measured parameters were gill atpases, brain acetylcholinesterase (ache), liver glutamate oxaloacetate (got) and glutamate pyruvate (gpt) transaminases, muscle water content, and protein content of liver, gills and brain. cond ...	2000	15092898
brain blood flow during hypercapnia in fish: no role of nitric oxide.	very little is known about the regulation of cerebral blood flow (cbf) in lower vertebrates, especially fish. in mammals, hypercapnia causes cerebral vasodilation and increased cbf through mechanisms that involve the production of nitric oxide (no). we have used epi-illumination microscopy in vivo to observe effects of hypercapnia on venular erythrocyte velocity, used as an index of cbf velocity, in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and crucian carp (carassius carassius). rainbow trout exposed ...	2000	10700569
alarm reaction in the crucian carp is mediated by the medial bundle of the medial olfactory tract.	experiments were performed to determine which bundles of the olfactory tracts were essential for mediating alarm reaction in crucian carp (carassius carassius l.). the fish were maintained in physiological saline after surgery to preserve the remaining tracts and postoperative inspections revealed the functionality of the intact tracts. operations on the tracts were performed symmetrically on both sides. sham-operated and non-operated fish showed the typical alarm behaviour of fast swimming to t ...	2000	10668000
physical constraints on body size in teleost embryos.	all members of the subphylum "vertebrata" display the characteristics of the vertebrate body plan. these characteristics become apparent during the phylotypic period, in which all vertebrate embryos have a similar body shape and internal organization. phylogenetic constraints probably limit the morphological variation during the phylotypic period. physical laws, however, also limit growth and morphogenesis in embryos. we investigated to what extent oxygen availability-as a physical constraint-mi ...	2000	10772852
genetic evidence for gonochoristic reproduction in gynogenetic silver crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio bloch) as revealed by rapd assays.	sex evolution has been a debating focus in evolutionary genetics. in lower vertebrates of reptiles, amphibians, and fish, a species or a bioform reproduces either sexually or asexually but never both. a few species were found to consist of all females in fish. these all-female species can propagate by asexual reproduction modes, such as gynogenesis and hybridogenesis. however, the coexistence of sexuality and asexuality in a single species was recently noted only in a cyprinid fish silver crucia ...	2000	11080373
endocrine disruption by hexachlorobenzene in crucian carp (carassius auratus gibelio).		2000	11014838
the homologue of mannose-binding lectin in the carp family cyprinidae is expressed at high level in spleen, and the deduced primary structure predicts affinity for galactose.	mannose-binding lectin (mbl) participates in the innate immune system as an activator of the complement system and as an opsonin after binding to certain carbohydrate structures on microorganisms. we isolated and characterized cdna transcripts encoding an mbl homologue from three members of the carp family cyprinidae, the zebrafish danio rerio, the goldfish carassius auratus, and the carp cyprinus carpio. the carp and zebrafish transcripts contain two polyadenylation sites and rt-pcr on mrna fro ...	2000	11003389
extinction risk of a density-dependent population estimated from a time series of population size.	environmental threats, such as habitat size reduction or environmental pollution, may not cause immediate extinction of a population but shorten the expected time to extinction. we develop a method to estimate the mean time to extinction for a density-dependent population with environmental fluctuation. we first derive a formula for a stochastic differential equation model (canonical model) of a population with logistic growth with environmental and demographic stochasticities. we then study an ...	2000	10816359
comparing risk factors for population extinction.	extinction risk of natural populations of animals and plants is enhanced by many different processes, including habitat size reduction and toxic chemical exposure. we develop a method to evaluate different risk factors in terms of the decrease in the mean extinction time. we choose a population model with logistic growth, environmental and demographic stochasticities with three parameters (intrinsic growth rate r, carrying capacity k, and environmental noise sigma(2)(e)). the reduction in the ha ...	2000	10816358
analysis of genetic heterogeneity among five gynogenetic clones of silver crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio bloch, based on detection of rapd molecular markers.	the gynogenetic silver crucian carp, carassius auratus gibelio, is a unique model system for studying evolutionary genetics and selective breeding, owing to its specific genetic background and reproductive modes. five gynogenetic clones were analyzed by the random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) technique, using 30 10-nucleotide-long primers. twenty-six primers produced well-amplified dna fragments with reproducible banding patterns, and 24 primers were polymorphic. nearly identical banding pat ...	2000	10773687
immunohistochemical localization of c-rfamide, a fmrf-related peptide, in the brain of the goldfish, carassius auratus.	carassius rfamide (c-rfa) is a novel peptide found in the brain of the japanese crucian carp. it has been demonstrated that mrna of c-rfa is present in the telencephalon, optic tectum, medulla oblongata, and proximal half of the eyeball in abundance. immunohistochemical methods were employed to elucidate the distribution of the peptide in the brain of the goldfish (carassius auratus) in detail. c-rfaimmunoreactive perikarya were observed in the olfactory bulb, the area ventralis telencephali par ...	2000	18522460
inhibition of calcium signaling in terminal and soma of carp retinal bipolar cells by gaba.	to investigate the effect of activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) receptors on high k(+)-evoked ca2+ signaling in the terminal and soma of carp retinal on-type bipolar cells.	2000	11501179
assessment of ovulation of common carp (cyprinus carpio) females selected for induced spawning on the basis of external morphological characteristics.	secondary sexual characteristics such as softening and rounding of the abdomen as well as reddening and protrusion of the anal papilla and vent can be of help to breeders in selecting common carp (cyprinus carpio) females prepared for propagation. to assess the reliability of this method, long-term data obtained on induced spawning of common carp at a large-scale fish hatchery were evaluated. the average spawning ratio of 2,620 females receiving hormonal injections was 79.8%. the average pseudog ...	2000	11402668
quantification of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) zona radiata and vitellogenin mrna levels using real-time pcr after in vivo treatment with estradiol-17 beta or alpha-zearalenol.	estrogen receptor-mediated induction of zona radiata (zr) and vitellogenin (vtg) mrna and protein in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) was compared to assess their utility as biomarkers for exposure to estrogenic compounds. partial sequences of rainbow trout zr and beta-actin were cloned by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using degenerate primers based on conserved regions across a number of species. a 549 bp fragment of the rainbow trout zr-gene showed a high degree o ...	2000	11226827
[effect of stannius corpuscles homogenates of carp on plasma calcium and phosphate in mice].		2000	11236681
[molecular evolution of two c-myc genes of a tetraploid teleost, the common carp].		2000	11187801
copy number related transgene expression and mosaic somatic expression in hemizygous and homozygous transgenic tilapia (oreochromis niloticus).	three lines of transgenic tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) fish were generated with a construct containing a lacz reporter gene spliced to a 4.7 kb 5' regulatory region of a carp beta actin gene. all these three lines contain different copy numbers of transgenes and the levels of lacz expression were found to be related to transgene copy number. mosaic patterns of somatic lacz expression were observed in these three lines which differed between lines but were consistent within a line. we also obs ...	2000	11206970
[rodlet cells of fish in calcium deficiency in the external environment].	the ultrastructure of rodlet cells from the heat kidney of the carp cyprinus carpio l. and tilapia oreochromis mossambicus peters has been studied. all the investigated cells displayed a common structure. the number of rodlet cells increased after exposure of fishes in ca(2+)-free water or in the water supplemented with nh4+ or cd2+. the latter were found to suppress ca(2+)-absorption from the environment.	2000	11204648
cryopreservation of sperm in common carp cyprinus carpio: sperm motility and hatching success of embryos.	in this study, fish sperm cryopreservation methods were elaborated upon for ex situ conservation of nine strains of bohemian common carp. common carp sperm were diluted in kurokura medium and chilled to 4 degrees c and dimethyl sulfoxide was added. cryotubes of sperm with media were then cooled from +4 to -9 degrees c at a rate of 4 degrees c min(-1) and then from -9 to -80 degrees c at a rate of 11 degrees c min(-1), held for 6 min at -80 degrees c, and finally transferred into liquid n(2). the ...	2000	11161556
response from carp		2000	10754573
effects of zinc on lipids of erythrocytes from carp (cyprinus carpio l.) acclimated to different temperatures.	we compared the effect of zinc (0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mm) at two temperatures (5 and 20 degrees c) on erythrocytes from summer and winter acclimatised carp. an increase in temperature from 5 to 20 degrees c increased the unsaturation index (ui) and relative proportion (ui/sfa) of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids in total lipids of the red cells. at 5 degrees c, the unsaturation index of phosphatidylcholine (pc), phosphatidylserine (ps), phosphatidylethanolamine (pe) and phosphatidylinositol ( ...	2000	11246505
determination of heterogeneous transcription start points of two c-myc genes from the common carp (cyprinus carpio).	we determined the heterogeneous transcription start points (tsp) of two c-myc genes from the common carp (cyprinus carpio), tetraploid teleost, by the oligo-capping method and showed the existence of the first exon. this is the first report on the existence of the first exons of the fish c-myc gene. transcription of the two carp c-myc genes started from at least four sites in cam1, locating from -752 to -381bp upstream of the translation start site, and from 12 sites in cam2, locating from -586 ...	2000	10713443
light-adaptive effects of retinoic acid on receptive field properties of retinal horizontal cells.	besides its role in ocular development, retinoic acid (ra), which is a light-correlated byproduct of the phototransduction cycle, was recently shown to affect light-driven synaptic plasticity in the outer plexiform layer of the adult fish retina. tuning by ambient light conditions of the retinal network properties is very prominent in outer plexiform layer circuits, and we therefore examined whether ra could affect cone horizontal cell physiology similar to ambient light. performing intracellula ...	2000	10712624
stimulus pattern related plasticity of synapses between cones and horizontal cells in carp retina.	stimulus pattern related synaptic plasticity in the luminosity-type horizontal cell (lhc) of isolated carp retina was investigated. the major findings were: (1) repetitive red flashes progressively strengthened the synaptic connection between red-cone and lhc, whereas weakened that between green-cone and lhc; (2) repetitive green flashes remarkably depressed the lhc's red response, but caused little changes in the cell's green response. a competitive depression between different cone signals is ...	2000	10700586
molecular cloning, tissue distribution and sequence analysis of complete glucokinase cdnas from gilthead seabream (sparus aurata), rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and common carp (cyprinus carpio).	the enzyme glucokinase (gk) (ec 2.7.1.1) plays an important role in the control of glucose homeostasis. qualitative and/or quantitative variations in gk enzyme have been postulated by previous studies to explain why dietary carbohydrate utilisation is lower in gilthead seabream (sparus aurata) and rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) than in common carp (cyprinus carpio). in this study, we report the isolation and characterisation of a full-length cdna coding for gk in these teleosts. amino acid ...	2000	10699491
uptake of 137cs by fresh water fish.	the uptake and discharge rates of 137cs by fresh water fish at different radionuclide concentrations have been studied. a dual compartment model was used to fit the experimental data. the discharge rates have been found to be negligible for the duration of the experiment of 10 d. the uptake rates were independent of radionuclide concentrations for a particular type of fresh water fish and were different for different types of fish. the uptake rates of carp, tilapia and snakehead were 1.58, 1.66 ...	2000	10697734
structure-function relationships of the two surface loops of myosin heavy chain isoforms from thermally acclimated carp.	the structure-function relationships of fast skeletal myosin isoforms remain poorly understood. to shed some light, we constructed chimeric myosins comprised of dictyostelium myosin heavy chain backbone with carp loop sequences and analyzed their functional properties. a loop 2-10 chimeric myosin having the loop 2 sequence of the fast skeletal isoform predominantly expressed in carp acclimated to 10 degrees c showed v(max) in actin-activated mg(2+)-atpase activity 1.4-fold higher than a loop 2-3 ...	2000	10694506
assignment of overlapping (1)h nmr signals in carp seminal plasma by proton-detected 2d c,h correlation spectroscopy.	the (1)h nmr spectrum of the perchloric acid extract of carp seminal plasma was heavily congested. it is demonstrated that proton-detected c,h chemical shift correlation spectroscopy (hsqc, hsqc-tocsy) allows an unequivocal identification of proline, glutamate, taurine, and methionine sulfoxide, although several key proton signals were strongly overlapped.	2000	10694480
membrane hyperpolarization removes inactivation of ca2+ channels, leading to ca2+ influx and subsequent initiation of sperm motility in the common carp.	change of osmolality surrounding spawned sperm from isotonic to hypotonic causes the initiation of sperm motility in the common carp. here we show that membrane-permeable camp does not initiate motility of carp sperm that is quiescent in isotonic solution, and that motility of the demembranated sperm can be reactivated without camp. furthermore, the camp level does not change during the initiation of sperm motility, and inhibitors of protein kinase do not affect sperm motility, suggesting that n ...	2000	10688893
concentration effects of selected insecticides on brain acetylcholinesterase in the common carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	the differential inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (ache) by organophosphate (op) and carbamate (c) is followed by the distinct duration of exposure effect on common carp ache. hence, in the present study in vivo exposure period effect and in vitro concentration-response of chlorfenvinphos, chlorpyrifos diazinon, and carbofuran were investigated on cyprinus carpio l. ache. individuals of 1-year-old carp were exposed for 96 h to different concentrations of insecticides, after which ache activity ...	2000	10677267
thermal thresholds of lipid restructuring and delta(9)-desaturase expression in the liver of carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	cold acclimation induces a transient enzymatic activation of the acyl coa-(&dgr;)(9)-desaturase in carp liver. we have determined thresholds for two underlying mechanisms; namely, the activation of latent enzyme and the induced synthesis of new desaturase. carp were progressively cooled from 30 degrees c to 23, 17 and 10 degrees c, where they were held for up to 5 days. endoplasmic reticulum phospholipids showed substantial changes in fatty acid composition, with linear decreases in the proporti ...	2000	10637192
sulphaemoglobin formation in fish: a comparison between the haemoglobin of the sulphide-sensitive rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and of the sulphide-tolerant common carp (cyprinus carpio).	a method for the quantitative determination of sulphaemoglobin (shb) in a mixture of haemoglobin derivatives by spectral deconvolution is described. shb formation was studied in haemolysates and in red blood cells of the sulphide-sensitive rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and of the sulphide-tolerant common carp (cyprinus carpio). addition of sulphide caused the formation of shb in haemolysates of both animals. however, haemoglobin from common carp was much less sensitive to sulphide than was ...	2000	10683164
context-dependent effects of bluegill in experimental mesocosm communities.	most knowledge of direct and indirect effects of zooplanktivorous fish has come from studies in which a treatment with a zooplanktivore is compared to a fishless control. however, effects of a zooplanktivore may be different in the presence of other fish species because the other fish have direct and indirect effects that may alter the effects of the zooplanktivore in question. to test this hypothesis, we conducted a tank mesocosm experiment of 2×2 factorial design in which the presence and abse ...	2000	28308293
isolation, cdna cloning, and growth promoting activity of rabbitfish (siganus guttatus) growth hormone.	we report the isolation, cdna cloning, and growth promoting activity of rabbitfish (siganus guttatus; teleostei; perciformes; siganidae) growth hormone (gh). rabbitfish gh was extracted from pituitary glands under alkaline conditions, fractionated by gel filtration chromatography on sephadex g-100, and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. the fractions containing gh were identified by immunoblotting with bonito gh antiserum. under nonreducing conditions, the molecular weight of ra ...	2000	10642447
a hyperosmotic stress-induced mrna of carp cell encodes na(+)- and cl(-)-dependent high affinity taurine transporter.	a cdna clone encoding a na(+)- and cl(-)-dependent high affinity taurine transporter was isolated from a common carp cell line, epithelioma papulosum cyprini (epc), as a hyperosmotic stress-inducible gene by rna arbitrarily primed pcr. the clone contained a 2.5-kb cdna fragment including an open reading frame of 1878 bp encoding a protein of 625 amino acids. the deduced amino acid sequence of carp taurine transporter shows 78-80% identity to those of cloned mammalian taurine transporters. the fu ...	2000	10727609
congenital myotonic dystrophy: report of paternal transmission.	a female neonate born to a healthy mother was hospitalized because of enlargement of the lateral ventricles, muscle weakness, irregular respiration, and poor sucking. characteristic facial appearance such as high forehead and carp mouth were noted. the father had mild manifestations of adult type myotonic dystrophy, including muscle weakness of the extremities, percussion myotonia and atrophy of the facial muscles. pcr analysis and southern blot analysis revealed that ctg repeats in the myotonic ...	2000	10722967
collagen-affecting drugs impair regeneration of teleost tail fins.	regenerating tail fins were studied in two species of teleosts, tilapia rendalli and cyprinus carpio, treated with indomethacin, aspirin, dexamethasone, penicillamine, and beta-aminoproprionitrile, drugs known to disrupt collagen metabolism in mammals. collagen was studied under the light microscope by the picrosirius-polarization method and also under the electron microscope. in general, these drugs disturbed the deposition and organization of collagen fibrils leading to abnormally thin or prac ...	2000	11085216
effects of environmental temperature on the development of the myotomal white muscle in larval carp (cyprinus carpio l.).	a study was conducted on common carp (cyprinus carpio l.) to determine the effects of environmental temperature experienced by embryos and larvae on the development of myotomal white muscle. eggs from one female were divided into two groups following fertilisation and incubated at constant pre-hatch temperatures of 18 or 28 degrees c. at hatching, larvae from the 18 degrees c-incubated eggs were divided into two groups and either reared at the same temperature of 18 degrees c ('cold' group) or t ...	2000	11076732
environmental acclimatization of the carp modulates the transcription of beta-actin.	a cascade of mechanisms involving changes in gene expression are substantial to shape the adaptive responses that a eurythermal fish requires upon environmental changes in its habitat. we have previously shown that the cyclical reprogramming of rrna transcription is a remarkable feature in carp under seasonal acclimatization. using in situ hybridization and competitive rt-pcr we found significant differences in beta-actin transcripts, generally accepted to be coded by a typical housekeeping gene ...	2000	11074593
multiple lineages of the non-ltr retrotransposon rex1 with varying success in invading fish genomes.	rex1, together with the related babar: elements, represents a new family of non-long-terminal-repeat (non-ltr) retrotransposons from fish, which might be related to the cr1 clade of line elements. rex1/babar: retrotransposons encode a reverse transcriptase and an apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease, which is very frequently removed by incomplete reverse transcription. different rex1 elements show a conserved terminal 3' untranslated region followed by oligonucleotide tandem repeats of variable si ...	2000	11070055
molecular and functional diversity of neural connexins in the retina.	electrical synapses (gap junctions) in neuronal circuits have become a major focus in the study of network properties such as synchronization and oscillation (galarreta and hestrin, 1999; gibson et al., 1999). despite the recent progress made in unraveling the contribution of gap junctions to network behavior, little is known about the molecular composition of the junctional constituents. by cloning gap junction proteins [connexins (cxs)] from zebrafish retina and through functional expression, ...	2000	11069940
early structural changes in myosin rod upon heating of carp myofibrils.	upon heating carp myofibrils at 40 degrees c, the amount of myosin that is soluble and monomeric dropped very quickly, roughly 5 times faster than the atpase inactivation. this rapid decrease of solubility was well explained by a rapid denaturation of the rod portion as measured by chymotryptic digestibility. chymotryptic digestion of heated myofibrils in a low-salt medium with edta generated a reduced amount of rod and subfragment-1 (s-1). the decrease of s-1 produced from the heated myofibrils ...	2000	11052753
in vitro effects of beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (hmb) on cell-mediated immunity in fish.	beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate(hmb) has been shown to counteract many of the negative effects of intensive animal production methods and results in increased growth and protection against diseases. in the present study, the effect of hmb on the immunocompetence cell activity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and carp (cyprinus carpio) was examined. pronephric phagocytes and lymphocytes were isolated from the fish and grown in culture medium (rpmi-1640) containing either 0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, ...	2000	11044553
assessment of water quality in wichita, kansas, using an index of biotic integrity and analysis of bed sediment and fish tissue for organochlorine insecticides.	this study investigated water quality of the arkansas river and its tributaries in the wichita, kansas, area. water quality assessment included an evaluation of urban versus agricultural areas using a twofold approach: (1) assessment of fish community health using an index of biotic integrity (ibi); and (2) analysis of organochlorine (oc) insecticides in fish tissue (cyprinus carpio) and sediment samples via gas chromatography. results of the ibi analysis indicated that the overall health of the ...	2000	11031315
invertebrate and fish cytokines.	cytokine-like molecules are well described in invertebrates, although most recent studies have revealed that there is analogy, rather than homology, between invertebrate and vertebrate cytokine-like activities. cytokines certainly appeared early in the evolution of vertebrates, dating back some 400 millions years. here, evidence will be reviewed and updated of the presence of these molecules in jawed fish and in particular, in bony fish, which represent the oldest group displaying true functiona ...	2000	11022118
binding of xenobiotics to hepatic estrogen receptor and plasma sex steroid binding protein in the teleost fish, the common carp (cyprinus carpio).	competitive receptor binding assays have been suggested as an in vitro screening tool for assessing the activity of alleged estrogenic substances. in this study, we determined the ability of steroidal and nonsteroidal substances to inhibit the binding of [(3)h]17 beta-estradiol (e2) to the hepatic estrogen receptor (er) and the plasma sex steroid binding protein (sbp) of the teleost fish, the common carp (cyprinus carpio). the objectives of the study were (1) to characterize er binding in the li ...	2000	11017776
chronic toxicity of nonylphenol and ethinylestradiol: haematological and histopathological effects in juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio).	in recent ecotoxicological research, there is an increasing concern about alkylphenolic industrial chemicals, such as nonylphenol (np), because of their estrogenic properties. data on the general fish toxicity of these wide spread aquatic pollutants are scarce. in order to evaluate sublethal toxic effects of environmentally relevant concentrations of np, juvenile common carp (cyprinus carpio) were exposed to np concentrations ranging from 1 to 15 microg np/l over a 70-day period. classical toxic ...	2000	10998500
the influence of mucus on copper speciation in the gill microenvironment of carp (cyprinus carpio).	ph and mucus (as total organic carbon) in the gill microenvironment of carp, cyprinus carpio, exposed to various concentrations of total copper were measured in an exposure experiment using playle's apparatus. the activities of free copper ions in both inspired and expired waters were determined using a copper ion selective electrode. a trial-and-error procedure of coupling species distribution calculations (mineqa2) with single-site complexation modeling (mucus-copper) was proposed for computat ...	2000	10993704
basic properties of an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-gated channel in carp olfactory cilia.	in addition to the activation of camp-dependent pathways, odorant binding to its receptor can lead to inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (insp3) production that may induce the opening of plasma membrane channels. we therefore investigated the presence and nature of such channels in carp olfactory cilia. functional analysis was performed by reconstitution of the olfactory cilia in planar lipid bilayers (tip-dip method). in the presence of insp3 (10 microm) and ca2+ (100 nm), a current of 1.6 +/- 0.1 pa ...	2000	10971622
multiple forms of alpha2-macroglobulin from a bony fish, the common carp (cyprinus carpio): striking sequence diversity in functional sites.	unlike mammals, bony fish possess multiple genes encoding the complement component c3, a member of the alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha2m) protein family, presumably expanding the diversity of immune recognition. to examine whether the alpha2m gene has also duplicated and diverged in the bony fish lineage, cdna cloning of alpha2m from a pseudotetraploid teleost, the common carp (cyprinus carpio), was conducted and resulted in the isolation of three distinct alpha2m sequences from a single individual, ...	2000	10970099
ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) activity in fish as a biomarker of chemical exposure.	this review compiles and evaluates existing scientific information on the use, limitations, and procedural considerations for erod activity (a catalytic measurement of cytochrome p4501a induction) as a biomarker in fish. a multitude of chemicals induce erod activity in a variety of fish species, the most potent inducers being structural analogs of 2,3,7,8-tetracholordibenzo-p-dioxin. although certain chemicals may inhibit erod induction/activity, this interference is generally not a drawback to ...	2000	10955715
a specific binding moiety for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d(3) in basal lateral membranes of carp enterocytes.	carp (cyprinus carpio), a freshwater fish that lives in a low-calcium environment, and atlantic cod (gadus morhua), a seawater fish that lives in a high-calcium environment, were studied for the presence of a novel membrane binding protein ("receptor") for the vitamin d metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d(3) [1,25(oh)(2)d(3)]. basal lateral membranes from enterocytes of either species were prepared and analyzed for specific saturable binding. membranes from carp revealed a dissociation constant ...	2000	10950830
some molecular and enzymatic properties of a homogeneous preparation of thiaminase i purified from carp liver.	a homogeneous preparation of thiaminase i (thiamine:base 2-methyl-4-aminopyrimidine-5-methenyl transferase, ec 2.5.1.2) was obtained from carp liver, for the first time from a nonbacterial source. its molecular mass was 55 kda by gel filtration and by sds-page regardless the presence of the reducing agent, indicating that the native enzyme consists of a single polypeptide chain. the determined sequence of 20 residues at the n-terminal of carp thiaminase i seemed to be unique. the enzyme was test ...	2000	10945431
molecular isolation and characterisation of carp transforming growth factor beta 1 from activated leucocytes.	the transforming growth factor (tgf beta) family of proteins are a set of pleiotropic secreted signalling molecules with unique and potent immunoregulatory properties. in this study the molecular cloning of carp tgf beta 1 is reported. a partial cdna of the tgf beta protein was initially identified from a cdna pool, obtained by subtracting the cdnas from con a-induced carp head kidney leucocytes from uninduced carp head kidney leucocyte cdna. the entire coding sequence was assembled by sequencin ...	2000	10938741
identification of carp proopiomelanocortin-related peptides and their effects on phagocytes.	we report the immunomodulating effects of proopiomelanocortin (pomc)-related peptides on phagocytic cells in carp. the complete amino acid sequences of two carp pomcs (i and ii) were deduced from the nucleotide sequences after cdna cloning. both pomcs consist of 194 amino acids (91% sequence identity) including identical alpha-melanotropin (msh) and beta-endorphin (ep). all hormonal peptides derived from two pomcs were identified by mass spectrometry after separation by high-performance liquid c ...	2000	10938739