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[function analysis of sj34.9 gene based on rnai and microarray].to analyze the function of sj34.9 gene, so as to provide the reference for future studies.201222799152
bivalent enzyme inhibitors discovered using dynamic covalent chemistry.a bivalent dynamic covalent chemistry (dcc) system has been designed to selectively target members of the homodimeric glutathione-s-transferase (gst) enzyme family. the dynamic covalent libraries (dcls) use aniline-catalysed acylhydrazone exchange between bivalent hydrazides and glutathione-conjugated aldehydes and the bis-hydrazides act as linkers to bridge between each glutathione binding site. the resultant dcls were found to be compatible and highly responsive to templating with different gs ...201222782854
novel printed electrode immunosensors for schistosoma japonicum.to improve the sensitivity and the linear range of electrochemical immunosensor to detect schistosoma japonicum (s. japonicum) antibody.201222772409
the insulin receptor is a transmission blocking veterinary vaccine target for zoonotic schistosoma japonicum.insulin receptors have been previously identified in schistosoma japonicum that can bind human insulin. we used the purified recombined protein of the ligand domain of s.japonicum insulin receptor 2 (sjld2) in three independent murine vaccine/challenge trials. compared with controls, vaccination of mice with sjld2 resulted in a significant reduction in faecal eggs, the stunting of adult worms and a reduction in liver granuloma density in all three trials. furthermore, in the final trial, in whic ...201222771861
isolation and characterization of 15 new microsatellite markers in oncomelania hupensis, the snail intermediate host of schistosoma japonicum in mainland china.oncomelania hupensis is the unique intermediate host of schistosoma japonicum, which plays a key role during the transmission of schistosomiasis. it is mainly found in the yangtze river valley and mountains or hills in southwest china. in this paper, we described 15 new microsatellite makers in o. hupensis. polymorphism of each locus was assessed in 80 individuals from four wild populations (n = 20 per population). the number of alleles per locus ranged from 6 to 29, with an average of 15.8. the ...201222754335
vasa-like dead-box rna helicases of schistosoma mansoni.genome sequences are available for the human blood flukes, schistosoma japonicum, s. mansoni and s. haematobium. functional genomic approaches could aid in identifying the role and importance of these newly described schistosome genes. transgenesis is established for functional genomics in model species, which can lead to gain- or loss-of-functions, facilitate vector-based rna interference, and represents an effective forward genetics tool for insertional mutagenesis screens. progress toward rou ...201222720105
origin of a novel protein-coding gene family with similar signal sequence in schistosoma japonicum.evolution of novel protein-coding genes is the bedrock of adaptive evolution. recently, we identified six protein-coding genes with similar signal sequence from schistosoma japonicum egg stage mrna using signal sequence trap (sst). to find the mechanism underlying the origination of these genes with similar core promoter regions and signal sequence, we adopted an integrated approach utilizing whole genome, transcriptome and proteome database blast queries, other bioinformatics tools, and molecul ...201222716200
unique roles of schistosoma japonicum protein sj16 to induce ifn-γ and il-10 producing cd4(+)cd25(+) regulatory t cells in vitro and in vivo.various proteins are expressed during different stages of schistosome development that are essential for cercarial penetration of vertebrate skin and evasion of host immune response. cd4(+)cd25(+) regulatory t cells are important in modulating immune responses towards helminth infections. schistosoma japonicum protein sj16 present in the secretions of schistosomula has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects; however, it is uncertain whether sj16 can induce cd4(+)cd25(+) regulatory t cells ...201222712636
characterization of igg responses of rabbits to sj14-3-3 protein after experimental infection with schistosoma japonicum.an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method was developed for detection of igg against 14-3-3 protein in sera of rabbits. rabbits infected with 500 cercariae of schistosoma japonicum were grouped and the characterization of the igg responses was observed. for the treated group, the igg could be detected as early as 2-4 weeks post-infection and then their levels rose rapidly and reached a peak at around 6 weeks. after the infected rabbits were treated with praziquantel at 6 weeks post-in ...201222706903
prevention of schistosoma japonicum infection in mice with long-acting praziquantel implants.this work reports the prevention outcomes of a praziquantel (pzq) implant against the infection of schistosoma japonicum in mice. the pzq implant produced stable plasma pzq concentrations in a range of 100-1300 ng/ml for a period of 70 days, by releasing pzq in subcutaneous tissues in a sustained manner. to assess the prevention effects, the mice were infected at varying times after implantation. all the mice were sacrificed at 6 weeks after infection for worm and egg recovery and counting, worm ...201222705923
identification and profiling of circulating antigens by screening with the sera from schistosomiasis japonica patients.schistosomiasis is a chronic disease caused by trematode flatworms of the genus schistosoma. the disease remains a serious public health problem in endemic countries and affects at least 207 million people worldwide. a definite diagnosis of the disease plays a key role in the control of schistosomiasis. the detection of schistosome circulating antigens (cas) is an effective approach to discriminate between previous exposure and current infection. different methods have been investigated for dete ...201222686541
schistosoma japonicum calcium-binding tegumental protein sjtp22.4 immunization confers praziquantel schistosomulumicide and antifecundity effect in mice.a family of platyhelminth tegument-specific proteins comprising of one or two calcium ion binding ef-hand and a dynein light chain-like domain, termed tegumental proteins, are considered as candidates of vaccine. in this study, we cloned and characterized sjtp22.4, a novel membrane-anchored tegumental protein in schistosoma japonicum with theoretic mw of 22.4. the recombinant sjtp22.4 could be recognized by s. japonicum infected sera. immunofluorescence revealed that this protein is not only loc ...201222683520
il-17 neutralization significantly ameliorates hepatic granulomatous inflammation and liver damage in schistosoma japonicum infected mice.il-17 is a signature cytokine of th17 cells implicated in the induction and progression of chronic inflammatory diseases. several studies in c57bl/6 mice, immunized with soluble schistosome egg ags (sea) in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa), and subsequently infected with schistosoma mansoni (s. mansoni) have shown that severe hepatic granulomatous inflammation is correlated with high levels of il-17. here, using a schistosoma japonicum (s. japonicum) larvae infection model in c57bl/6 mice, we an ...201222678906
mesenchymal stem cells relieve fibrosis of schistosoma japonicum-induced mouse liver injury.mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) have gained popularity for their potential as seed cells to treat various human diseases, including pathogenic infections. schistosoma japonicum (s. japonicum) infection is characterized by formation of parasite egg granulomas and host liver fibrosis. mscs have been proposed as useful treatments of s. japonicum infection, but the efficacy and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. herein, we report that mscs were able to ameliorate s. japonicum-induced liver injury i ...201222678013
the second transcribed spacer rdna sequence: an effective genetic marker for inter-species phylogenetic analysis of trematodes in the order strigeata.in the present study, the second nuclear internal transcribed spacer (its-2) rdna of schistosoma japonicum isolates in mainland china was amplified, sequenced, and assessed for inferring the intra- and inter-species phylogenetic relationships of trematodes in the order strigeata. the fragment containing its-2 rdna was obtained from 24 s. japonicum isolates from eight epidemic provinces in mainland china. the length polymorphisms were observed among these its-2 rdna sequences, ranging from 343 to ...201222669693
rnai silencing of type v collagen in schistosoma japonicum affects parasite morphology, spawning, and hatching.type v collagen is a component of non-cartilaginous tissues and is important in the determination of fibril structure and matrix organization, although its functions are still poorly understood. in this report, rna interference (rnai) approaches were used to investigate the effects of knockdown of the schistosome type v collagen (sjcolv) gene. in this study, three different short interfering (si) rnas targeting different regions of the gene were designed to suppress the expression of sjcolv in s ...201222638918
characterization of schistosoma japonicum estrogen-related receptor beta like 1 and immunogenicity analysis of the recombinant protein.the estrogen-related receptor beta like 1 (esrrbl1) is a sex hormone receptor. here, we describe the cloning and expression of the esrrbl1 gene from schistosoma japonicum (sjesrrbl1). quantitative real time pcr (qpcr) and western blot analysis revealed that sjesrrbl1 was highly expressed in 14-, 18-, 23- and 28-days-old schistosomes at the transcriptional and protein levels, when the schistosomes were undergoing early development of reproductive organs, male and female coupling, and egg-laying. ...201222626519
identification of th1 epitopes within molecules from the lung-stage schistosomulum of schistosoma japonicum by combining prediction analysis of the transcriptome with experimental validation.the lung-stage schistosomulum has been regarded as the main target of protective immunity induced by radiation-attenuated vaccines (rav) in the mouse model of schistosomiasis, and immune mechanisms mediated by the cd4+ th1 response play a major role in the rav model. to identify th1 epitopes rapidly within molecules from the lung schistosomulum of schistosoma japonicum, in the present study we analyzed transcriptome data from normal and radiation-attenuated lung schistosomula of s. japonicum and ...201222617496
targeting schistosome histone modifying enzymes for drug development.the histone modifying enzymes (hme) represent particularly promising targets for the development of alternatives to praziquantel, the only currently available drug to combat schistosomiasis. the inhibition of these enzymes frequently arrests the cell cycle or induces apoptosis in cancer cells, but not in normal cells and numerous hme inhibitors are under investigation as potential anticancer agents. the recent resolution of the genome sequences of schistosoma mansoni and schistosoma japonicum ha ...201222607147
[skin inflammation responses induced by heat shock protein 70 derived from schistosoma japonicum in balb/c mice].to study the skin inflammation responses induced by heat shock protein 70 (rsj648/hsp70) from schistosoma japonicum in balb/c mice.201222590864
[epitope identification of monoclonal antibody 5c6 against 14-3-3 protein of schistosoma japonicum].to identify the epitope of monoclonal antibody (mcab) 5c6 against 14-3-3 protein of schistosoma japonicum by phage display peptide library.201222590863
[studies on dynamic changes of proportions of tc1 and tc2 cells during schistosoma japonicum infection].to observe the dynamic changes of the proportions of t cytotoxic type 1 (tc1) cells and t cytotoxic type 2 (tc2) cells and analyze the correlation of them with the dynamic changes of the proportions of th1 and th2 cells in t lymphocytes respectively at different stages after schistosoma japonicum infection.201222590862
[establishment and application of spatio-temporal model of schistosomiasis japonica in a county in marshland region].to develop a spatio-temporal model of schistosomiasis japonica based on bayesian model, and to analyze the spatio-temporal pattern of schistosomiasis, as well as to evaluate the impact of environment changes on schistosomiasis endemic.201222590856
[surveillance and forecast of schistosoma japonicum-infected sentinel mice in key water regions of china in 2010].to explore the approach and tool for surveillance and forecast of schistosomiasis, so as to provide scientific evidence for improving the sensitivity of the surveillance and forecast system of schistosomiasis.201222590854
treatment for schistosoma japonicum, reduction of intestinal parasite load, and cognitive test score improvements in school-aged children.to determine whether treatment of intestinal parasitic infections improves cognitive function in school-aged children, we examined changes in cognitive testscores over 18 months in relation to: (i) treatment-related schistosoma japonicum intensity decline, (ii) spontaneous reduction of single soil-transmitted helminth (sth) species, and (iii) ≥2 sth infections among 253 s. japonicum-infected children.201222563514
the sensitivity of schistosoma japonicum to praziquantel: a field evaluation in areas with low endemicity of china.the purpose of the current study was to investigate the susceptibility of schistosoma japonicum to praziquantel in low endemic foci of china. during the non-transmission period of schistosomiasis, a total of 43 of 1,242 subjects were identified as being infected with the parasite using parasitological stool examinations in two low-endemicity areas of china, with a prevalence rate of 3.46%. all stool-egg-positive subjects were treated with praziquantel in a single oral dose of 40 mg/kg or 30 mg/k ...201222556083
[effect of rna interference on small heat shock protein sjp40 of schistosoma japonicum].to study the effect of rna interference (rnai) on small heat shock protein (shsp) sjp40 of schistosoma japonicum and its synergistic effect on the expression of sjhsp60, sjhsp70, and sjhsp90 mrna, and observe the mrna expression levels of sjp40, sjhsp60, sjhsp70, and sjhsp90 in different stages of s.japonicum.201222543121
molecular cloning and characterization of a cyclophilin a homologue from schistosoma japonicum.cyclophilins belong to a group of proteins that have peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity and have been identified in all cell types and all organisms studied. in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, they have been characterized as functional chaperones and involved in cell signaling. in the present study, sj cyclophilin a (cypa) was cloned, characterized, and subcloned into a prokaryotic expression vector to produce soluble recombinant rsjcypa protein. qpcr analysis revealed that sjcypa was ...201222526287
immune changes of schistosoma japonicum infections in various rodent disease models.rodent models for schistosoma japonicum infections have demonstrated that these animals possess a degree of resistance to schistosome infections that may be both t and b lymphocyte-mediated. however, their exact role is not well-defined and other immune mechanisms are likely to also play a role in protecting against infection. immunosuppressed and immunocompetent reed voles (microtus fortis, mf), rats and mice (n=24/group) were infected with s. japonicum, and animals were sacrificed 42 days late ...201222521591
five-year longitudinal assessment of the downstream impact on schistosomiasis transmission following closure of the three gorges dam.schistosoma japonicum is a major public health concern in the peoples' republic of china (prc), with about 800,000 people infected and another 50 million living in areas at risk of infection. based on ecological, environmental, population genetic and molecular factors, schistosomiasis transmission in prc can be categorised into four discrete ecosystems or transmission modes. it is predicted that, long-term, the three gorges dam (tgd) will impact upon the transmission of schistosomiasis in the pr ...201222506083
sensitive and specific target sequences selected from retrotransposons of schistosoma japonicum for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis.schistosomiasis japonica is a serious debilitating and sometimes fatal disease. accurate diagnostic tests play a key role in patient management and control of the disease. however, currently available diagnostic methods are not ideal, and the detection of the parasite dna in blood samples has turned out to be one of the most promising tools for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis. in our previous investigations, a 230-bp sequence from the highly repetitive retrotransposon sjr2 was identified and it ...201222479661
tim-2 up-regulation and galectin-9-tim-3 pathway activation in th2-biased response in schistosoma japonicum infection in mice.t cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain (tim) family, a new gene that expresses on the surface of t cells, plays a critical role in regulation of t cells response. previous data have shown that tim-3 expressed on th1 cells promotes itself apoptosis. tim-2 is preferentially up-regulated during th2 differentiation and functions as a potent costimulatory molecule for t-cell immunity. the present study aims to learn whether tims are responsible for th2-biased response evoked by schistosoma jap ...201222469568
having a pair: the key to immune evasion for the diploid pathogen schistosoma japonicum.schistosomes, unlike malaria parasites, are in their diploid stage when targeted by the human immune system. diploids can be either homozygous or heterozygous. the difference has profound significance for developing immunity and yet has not previously been addressed. we examined the implications of zygosity on immunity to a diploid pathogen, schistosoma japonicum and showed that the diploid state, and its associated heterozygous advantage, significantly affects the outcome of attack by the immun ...201222468230
studies on the establishment of a co-culture system of lung stage schistosoma japonicum with host cells.due to their role in eliciting protective th1 cell-mediated immune responses in definitive hosts lung stage schistosomula are in the focus of intensive research. in vitro culture approaches in the past exhibited significant differences in gene expression profiles between lung stage schistosomula isolated from hosts and those cultured conventionally. therefore, new approaches to culture schistosomula are of broad interest. in the present study, co-culture systems of schistosomula of schistosoma j ...201222450845
a specific pcr assay for the identification and differentiation of schistosoma japonicum geographical isolates in mainland china based on analysis of mitochondrial genome sequences.in the present study, near-complete mt genome sequences for eight representative schistosoma japonicum samples from seven endemic provinces in mainland china were analyzed. sequence differences among the eight mt genomes of s. japonicum samples were 0.20-2.51%. variation in protein-coding genes was greater than that in rrna genes. the mt dna sequences of s. japonicum samples from south-western (sw) china were 2 bp [position 11727-11728 within trna-cys, microsatellite (ag) indel] longer than thos ...201222446475
the south-to-north water diversion project: effect of the water diversion pattern on transmission of oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of schistosoma japonicum in china.the south-to-north water diversion project (snwdp) is the largest national water conservancy project in china. however, the eastern route project (erp) of snwdp will refer to the habitats of oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of schistosoma japonicum. the present study was aimed at investigating the effects of some factors relating to the water diversion pattern on the spread north of o. hupensis and transmission of s. japonicum.201222433070
thioredoxin glutathione reductase as a novel drug target: evidence from schistosoma japonicum.schistosomiasis remains a major public health concern affecting billions of people around the world. currently, praziquantel is the only drug of choice for treatment of human schistosomiasis. the emergence of drug resistance to praziquantel in schistosomes makes the development of novel drugs an urgent task. thioredoxin glutathione reductase (tgr) enzymes in schistosoma mansoni and some other platyhelminths have been identified as alternative targets. the present study was designed to confirm th ...201222384025
surveillance of schistosoma japonicum infection in domestic ruminants in the dongting lake region, hunan province, china.schistosomiasis japonica is prevalent in asian countries and it remains a major public health problem in china. the major endemic foci are the marsh and lake regions of southern china, particularly the dongting lake region bordering hunan and hubei provinces, and the poyang lake region in jiangxi province. domestic ruminants, especially bovines, have long been considered to play a major role in the transmission of schistosoma japonicum to humans.201222359638
diversification of schistosoma japonicum in mainland china revealed by mitochondrial dna.schistosoma japonicum still causes severe parasitic disease in mainland china, but mainly in areas along the yangtze river. however, the genetic diversity in populations of s. japonicum has not been well understood across its geographical distribution, and such data may provide insights into the epidemiology and possible control strategies for schistosomiasis.201222348161
identification of differentially expressed genes in oncomelania hupensis chronically infected with schistosoma japonicum.oncomelania hupensis is the unique intermediate host of schistosoma japonicum. the schistosome-snail interaction is biomedically important. to identify differentially expressed transcripts in o. hupensis chronically infected with s. japonicum, suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) was used to construct a cdna library in each direction for transcripts that are more abundantly enriched in head-foot part of the infected o. hupensis and for those that are more abundantly enriched in the uninfe ...201222343044
chicken egg yolk antibodies (igy) for detecting circulating antigens of schistosoma japonicum.igy isolated from egg yolk has been widely used in immunodiagnostic tests, including tests to detect circulating antigen (soluble egg antigen or sea) of schistosoma japonicum.201222342296
protective efficacy evaluation induced by recombinant protein lhd-sj23-gst of schistosoma japonicum emulsified with three different adjuvants.as a complement to chemotherapy and other control approaches, the development of an effective vaccine is necessary to combat schistosomiasis japonica that remains a serious public health problem in china. in the present study, mice were vaccinated with purified recombinant protein lhd-sj23-gst (large hydrophilic domain of 23 kda antigen of s. japonicum fused with sj26gst) emulsified with freund's adjuvant (fa), montanide isa 206 and montanide isa 70 m and challenged with cercariae, the protectiv ...201222329493
murine cd8(+)t cell cytotoxicity against schistosomula induced by inoculation of schistosomal 22.6/26gst coupled sepharose 4b beads.schistosomasis is a world-wide parasitic disease. although chemotherapy is the main treatment method for schistosomasis currently, it cannot prevent schistosome reinfection. up to now no effective vaccine is available to prevent schistosomiasis. dendritic cells (dcs) are one of the key players in the cellular immune response and play an important role in antigen presentation as antigen-presenting cells. here we reported a novel large particulate antigen, in which sepharose 4b beads were coated w ...201222326902
the combined treatment of praziquantel with osteopontin immunoneutralization reduces liver damage in schistosoma japonicum-infected mice.the aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of osteopontin neutralization treatment on schistosome-induced liver injury in balb/c mice. we randomly divided 100 balb/c mice into groups a, b, c, d and group e. mice in all groups except group a were abdominally infected with schistosomal cercariae to induce a schistosomal hepatopathological model. mice in group c, d and group e were respectively administered with praziquantel, praziquantel plus colchicine and praziquantel plus neu ...201222309838
micrornas: potentially important regulators for schistosome development and therapeutic targets against schistosomiasis.micrornas (mirnas) are small, endogenous non-coding rna molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by targeting the 3' untranslated region (3' utr) of messenger rnas. since the discovery of the first mirna in caenorhabditis elegans, important regulatory roles for mirnas in many key biological processes including development, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis of many organisms have been described. hundreds of mirnas have been identified in various multicel ...201222309492
pseudotumoral form of neuroschistosomiasis: report of three cases in ganzi, china.the authors report three rare cases of neuroschistosomiasis lacking extracranial involvement. no parasitic eggs were detected in the stool with the kato-katz thick smear methods. computed tomography of the brains showed hypodense signals, and magnetic resonance imaging showed isointense signals on t1-weighted images, hyperintense signals on t2-weighted images, and intensely enhancing nodules in the brain after intravenous administration of gadolinium. high-grade gliomas were suspected, and opera ...201222302862
praziquantel derivatives exhibit activity against both juvenile and adult schistosoma japonicum.a praziquantel analog 10-hydroxy praziquantel and eight praziquantel/peroxide conjugates were synthesized. the biological activity of these compounds was evaluated against juvenile and adult stages of schistosoma japonicum. unlike praziquantel, 10-hydroxy praziquantel exhibits activity against both juvenile and adult schistosoma japonicumin. all hybrid compounds displayed modest to significant worm killing activity. the present study has important significance for the development of hybrid antis ...201222264473
negative regulation of schistosoma japonicum egg-induced liver fibrosis by natural killer cells.the role of natural killer (nk) cells in infection-induced liver fibrosis remains obscure. in this study, we elucidated the effect of nk cells on schistosoma japonicum (s. japonicum) egg-induced liver fibrosis. liver fibrosis was induced by infecting c57bl/6 mice with 18-20 cercariae of s. japonicum. anti-asgm1 antibody was used to deplete nk cells. toll-like receptor 3 ligand, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly i:c) was used to enhance the activation of nk cells. results showed that nk cells ...201222235358
bioinformatics analysis of the structure and linear b-cell epitopes of aquaporin-3 from schistosoma japonicum.to analyze the structure of aquaporins-3(aqp-3) from schistosoma japonicum(sjaqp-3) using bioinformatical methods, and to provid of references for vaccine targets research.201222221751
pharmacokinetics and risk evaluation of dna vaccine against schistosoma japonicum.dna plasmid immunization is a novel approach of preventive and therapeutic vaccine. more than 100 dna vaccines have been on preclinical or clinical phase trials, and four kinds of dna vaccines for livestock have been approved by usda, cfia, and apvma. schistosomiasis is a worldwide parasitic disease, and vaccine immunization is supposed to be a promising approach to control the health crisis. on the basis of former preclinical studies, we further focused on the pharmacokinetics and risk evaluati ...201322990210
the sources and metabolic dynamics of schistosoma japonicum dna in serum of the host.the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay has turned out to be one of the most potential tools for diagnosis of schistosomiasis. however, the source and metabolic dynamics of schistosoma japonicum dna in the blood of hosts is not clear. in this study, rabbit models with monosexual and mixed sexual cercariae infection were established to interpret the source of the parasite dna in serum of the hosts. following administration of praziquantel at 7 weeks postinfection, the metabolic mechanism of s. ...201322983220
effect of mirazid in schistosoma japonicum-infected mice: parasitological and pathological assessment.conflicting reports are found in the literature about the antischistosomal efficacy of mirazid (mz), which is a special formulation of myrrh obtained from the stem of the plant commiphora molmol. this initiated the present study to assess this drug for the first time in experimental schistosomiasis japonicum. mice were divided into four groups: infected untreated control (i); infected treated with mz, 500 mg/kg (ii); infected treated with mz, 250 mg/kg (iii); and infected treated with praziquant ...201323052776
molecular cloning and characterization of schistosoma japonicum aldose reductase.antioxidant defense is an essential mechanism for schistosomes to cope with damage from host immune-generated reactive oxygen species. the evaluation of the effects of aldose reductase, an important enzyme that may be involved in this system, has long been neglected. in the present study, aldose reductase of schistosoma japonicum (sjar) was cloned and characterized. the activity of sjar was assessed in vitro and was suppressed by the reported inhibitor, epalrestat. rt-pcr analysis revealed that ...201323160889
apoptosis phenomenon in the schistosomulum and adult worm life cycle stages of schistosoma japonicum.apoptosis is an important aspect of a number of biological processes, from embryogenesis to the stress-injury response. it plays a central role in balancing cell proliferation and tissue remodeling activity in many organisms. in the present study, apoptosis in 14 days post infection schistosomula was evaluated using tunel (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dutp nick-end labeling) assays and dapi staining. additionally, flow cytometry using the annexin v-fitc/propidium iodide (pi) (a ...201323159324
cd36-related protein in schistosoma japonicum: candidate mediator of selective cholesteryl ester uptake from high-density lipoprotein for egg maturation.familial cholesteryl ester transfer protein (cetp) deficiency is more common in some east asian populations than elsewhere, suggesting the possibility of a selective advantage of this genetic defect against regional infectious diseases. historically, infection with the asian blood fluke schistosoma japonicum has been endemic in these regions, including japan. we previously reported that eggs of s. japonicum require cholesteryl ester uptake from normal high-density lipoprotein (hdl) but not from ...201323195036
a microtus fortis protein, serum albumin, is a novel inhibitor of schistosoma japonicum schistosomula.schistosomiasis is an endemic parasite disease and praziquantel is the only drug currently in use to control this disease. experimental and epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that microtus fortis ( mf ) is a naturally resistant vertebrate host of schistosoma japonicum . in the present study, we found that mf serum albumin ( mf -albumin) and the conditioned medium of pcdna3.1- mf -albumin caused 46.2% and 38.7% schistosomula death rates in 96 h, respectively, which were significantly high ...201324271043
the effects of health education on schistosomiasis japonica prevalence and relevant knowledge in the people's republic of china: a systematic review and meta-analysis.schistosomiasis japonica continues to be an important zoonotic disease in the people's republic of china (p.r. china), despite decades of dedicated control efforts. different interventions for its control including chemotherapy of humans and animals, mollusciciding, environmental modification, and health education have been implemented at various stages of the control efforts and in different combinations, resulting in remarkable achievements. here, we present a systematic review and meta-analys ...201323201566
[dynamic changes of proliferation, subsets and apoptosis of splenocytes from balb/c mice immunized with recombinant bb(pgex-sj26gst-sj32) vaccine against schistosoma japonicum].to study the dynamic change of proliferation, subsets and apoptosis of splenocytes of balb/c mice immunized with recombinant bb(pgex-sj26gst-sj32) vaccine of schistosoma japonicum.201324200056
recombinant production, crystallization and preliminary structural characterization of schistosoma japonicum profilin.helminthic parasites of the genus schistosoma contain a tegumental membrane, which is of crucial importance for modulation of the host immune response and parasite survival. the actin cytoskeleton plays an important role in the function of the tegument. profilins are among the most important proteins regulating actin dynamics. schistosoma japonicum possesses one profilin-like protein, which has been characterized as a potential vaccine candidate. notably, profilins are highly immunogenic molecul ...201324192365
[current status of human schistosoma japonicum infection and reinfection in marshland and lake regions of xinjian county, jiangxi province, china].to understand the dynamics of human infection and reinfection of schistosoma japonicum after chemotherapy in marshland and lake endemic regions so as to provide the evidence for developing a cost-effective control strategy.201323894848
[effects of soluble adult worm antigen and soluble egg antigen of schistosoma japonicum on differentiation of cd4+ t cells of mice].to investigate and compare the different effects of soluble adult worm antigen (swa) and soluble egg antigen (sea) of schistosoma japonicum on the differentiation of the splenocytes and cd4+ t cells of mice.201323894835
[activities of treg cells stimulated by soluble adult worm antigen and egg antigen of schistosoma japonicum].to observe and compare the effects of soluble adult worm antigen (swa) and soluble egg antigen (sea) of schistosoma japonicum on the induction of treg cells and the suppressive activity of treg cells.201323894834
[dynamics of il-22-producing cells of mice infected with schistosoma japonicum].to study the dynamics of il-22-producing cells and analyze the main source of il-22 of mice infected with schistosoma japonicum.201323894833
highly ordered protein nanorings designed by accurate control of glutathione s-transferase self-assembly.protein self-assembly into exquisite, complex, yet highly ordered architectures represents the supreme wisdom of nature. however, precise manipulation of protein self-assembly behavior in vitro is a great challenge. here we report that by taking advantage of the cooperation of metal-ion-chelating interactions and nonspecific protein-protein interactions, we achieved accurate control of the orientation of proteins and their self-assembly into protein nanorings. as a building block, we utilized th ...201323865524
the developing schistosome worms elicit distinct immune responses in different tissue regions.schistosome parasites follow a complex migration path through various tissues, changing their antigenic profile as they develop. a thorough understanding of the antibody response in each tissue region could help unravel the complex immunology of these developing parasites and aid vaccine design. here we used a novel strategy for analysing the local antibody responses induced by schistosoma japonicum infection at each site of infection. cells from rat lymph nodes draining the sites of larval migr ...201323856766
pyrosequencing for rapid molecular identification of schistosoma japonicum and s. mekongi eggs and cercariae.schistosomiasis, which is caused by schistosoma japonicum and s. mekongi, is a chronic and dangerous widespread disease affecting several countries in asia. differentiation between s. japonicum and s. mekongi eggs and/or cercariae via microscopic examination is difficult due to morphological similarities. it is important to identify these etiological agents isolated from animals and humans at the species or genotype level. in this study, a pyrosequencing assay designed to detect s. japonicum and ...201323831037
microrna-gene expression network in murine liver during schistosoma japonicum infection.schistosomiasis japonica remains a significant public health problem in china and southeast asian countries. the most typical and serious outcome of the chronic oriental schistosomiasis is the progressive granuloma and fibrosis in the host liver, which has been a major medical challenge. however, the molecular mechanism underling the hepatic pathogenesis is still not clear.201323825609
characterization analysis of schistosoma japonicum plasma membrane repair relative gene myoferlin.myoferlin is a member of the ferlin family of proteins, which are involved in plasma membrane repair, and has been identified as one of the tegument proteins of schistosoma japonicum. the tegument proteins are potential candidates for vaccines and new drug targets. in this study, myoferlin of s. japonicum (sjmf) was cloned, expressed and characterized, the potential of sjmf recombinant protein (rsjmf) as a vaccine candidate was evaluated, and the effect of praziquantel on sjmf was detected by re ...201323823740
non-viral factors contributing to hepatocellular carcinoma.hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) is a major cause of cancer death worldwide, accounting for over half a million deaths per year. the geographic pattern of hcc incidence is parallel to exposure to viral etiologic factors. its incidence is increasing, ranging between 3% and 9% annually depending on the geographical location, and variability in the incidence rates correspond closely to the prevalence and pattern of the primary etiologic factors. chronic infections with hepatitis b viruses or hepatiti ...201323805355
identifying host species driving transmission of schistosomiasis japonica, a multihost parasite system, in china.understanding disease transmission dynamics in multihost parasite systems is a research priority for control and potential elimination of many infectious diseases. in china, despite decades of multifaceted control efforts against schistosomiasis, the indirectly transmitted helminth schistosoma japonicum remains endemic, partly because of the presence of zoonotic reservoirs. we used mathematical modeling and conceptual frameworks of multihost transmission ecology to assess the relative importance ...201323798418
3-oxoacyl-acp reductase from schistosoma japonicum: integrated in silico-in vitro strategy for discovering antischistosomal lead compounds.schistosomiasis is a disease caused by parasitic worms and more than 200 million people are infected worldwide. the emergence of resistance to the most commonly used drug, praziquantel (pzq), makes the development of novel drugs an urgent task. 3-oxoacyl-acp reductase (oar), a key enzyme involved in the fatty acid synthesis pathway, has been identified as a potential drug target against many pathogenic organisms. however, no research on schistosoma japonicum oar (sjoar) has been reported. the ch ...201323762275
cloning and characterization of a bone morphogenetic protein homologue of schistosoma japonicum.bone morphogenetic proteins (bmps) are known to play an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival, differentiation and apoptosis in many vertebrates and invertebrates through the tgf-β signaling pathway. although the tgf-β signaling pathway exists in schistosomes, bmp homologue, a ligand of tgf-β in schistosoma japonicum, has not yet been identified. in this study, a bmp homologue of s. japonicum was cloned and characterized. the full length sjbmp cdna is 3,020 bp and enco ...201323756146
schistosoma japonicum soluble egg antigens attenuate invasion in a first trimester human placental trophoblast model.schistosomiasis affects nearly 40 million women of reproductive age, and is known to elicit a pro-inflammatory signature in the placenta. we have previously shown that antigens from schistosome eggs can elicit pro-inflammatory cytokine production from trophoblast cells specifically; however, the influence of these antigens on other characteristics of trophoblast function, particularly as it pertains to placentation in early gestation, is unknown. we therefore sought to determine the impact of sc ...201323755313
glutathione s-transferases interact with amp-activated protein kinase: evidence for s-glutathionylation and activation in vitro.amp-activated protein kinase (ampk) is a cellular and whole body energy sensor with manifold functions in regulating energy homeostasis, cell morphology and proliferation in health and disease. here we apply multiple, complementary in vitro and in vivo interaction assays to identify several isoforms of glutathione s-transferase (gst) as direct ampk binding partners: pi-family member rat gstp1 and mu-family members rat gstm1, as well as schistosoma japonicum gst. gst/ampk interaction is direct an ...201323741294
aldose reductase from schistosoma japonicum: crystallization and structure-based inhibitor screening for discovering antischistosomal lead compounds.schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease with high morbidity and mortality in the world. currently, the treatment of this disease depends almost exclusively on praziquantel (pzq); however, the emergence of drug resistance to pzq in schistosomes makes the development of novel drugs an urgent task. aldose reductase (ar), an important component that may be involved in the schistosome antioxidant defense system, is predicted as a potential drug target.201323734964
beyond heme detoxification: a role for hemozoin in iron transport in s. japonicum.hemozoin (hz) is considered a disposal product during the digestion of red blood cells by some blood-feeding parasites, such as plasmodium, schistosome, and rhodnius. the only function of hz that has been reported is to detoxify the free heme (fe((iii))-protoporphyrin-ix) in worms. here we report a new role for hz in iron transport in schistosoma japonicum. using transmission electron microscopy (tem), we observed that s. japonicum hemozoin (sjhz) granules were a group of electron-dense, globe-, ...201323733233
a study of immunomodulatory genes responses to macrophages of schistosoma japonicum infection during different stages by microarray analysis.macrophages initiate, modulate, and also serve as final effector cells in immune responses during the course of schistosomal infections. in this study, we investigated the gene expression profile and functional changes of macrophages in immune responses against the schistosoma japonicum by microarray analysis. hierarchical clustering analysis demonstrated that a significant switch in gene transformation associated with a type-1 response and linked with a type-2 cytokine phenotype occurs between ...201323732117
proteomic analysis of schistosomiasis japonica vaccine candidate antigens recognized by uv-attenuated cercariae-immunized porcine serum igg2.many studies have showed that the radiation-attenuated cercariae (rac) vaccine could induce the high protection of laboratory animals to resist the schistosoma infection by cellular and humoral mechanism. here, we aimed to identify possible vaccine antigens by using specific igg2 antibody from rac-vaccinated pigs or vaccination and challenge pigs. the antigens from the schistosomal soluble worm antigen preparation (swap) recognized by the porcine igg2 antibody were obtained using immunoprecipita ...201323715679
evaluation of an educational intervention on villagers' knowledge, attitude and behaviour regarding transmission of schistosoma japonicum in sichuan province, china.health education is an important component of efforts to control schistosomiasis. in china, while education programmes have been implemented intensively, few articles in recent years in either the chinese or english literature report randomised, controlled interventions of the impacts on knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. thus, we designed and carried out a cluster-randomised controlled education intervention trial that targeted 706 adults from rural areas in 28 villages in sichuan, china. we ...201323711611
spatial and temporal transcriptomics of schistosoma japonicum-induced hepatic granuloma formation reveals novel roles for neutrophils.the severity of schistosome egg-induced hepatic granulomatous pathology depends markedly on the nature of the host immune responses. in this study, we used lmm and microarray analysis to compare gene expression profiles of histologically distinct zones within, and directly proximal to, hepatic granulomas that developed in c57bl/6 mice infected with schistosoma japonicum. there was significant up-regulation of type-1, type-2, and type-17 immune-associated genes within the granuloma core (adjacent ...201323709687
the iron distribution and magnetic properties of schistosome eggshells: implications for improved diagnostics.schistosoma mansoni and schistosoma japonicum are the most frequent causative agents of human intestinal schistosomiasis. approximately 200 million people in the world are infected with schistosomes. diagnosis of schistosomiasis is often difficult. high percentages of low level infections are missed in routine fecal smear analysis and current diagnostic methodologies are inadequate to monitor the progress of parasite control, especially in areas with low transmission. improved diagnostic methods ...201323696910
[research progress on transmission capacity of reservoir host of schistosoma japonicum].this paper reviews the researches related to the reservoir hosts of schistosoma japonicum, including bovine, sheep, dog, cat and wild mouse. combined with the implementation of the comprehensive control strategy with an emphasis on infection source control in current, it puts forward several future research directions under the condition that the effects of people and bovine as infection sources weakened gradually, such as revaluation on the actual transmission capacity of non-bovine livestock, ...201323687824
[preliminary study on establishing an animal model of neuroschistosomiasis by direct injection of schistosoma japonicum eggs through skull].to establish an experimental model of neuroschistosomiasis and investigate the model establishment factors.201323687807
[effect of pulsatilla chinensis (bunge) regel saponins on eggs, miracidia and cercariae of schistosoma japonicum].to investigate the effect of pulsatilla chinensis (bunge) regel saponins (prs) against the eggs, miracidia, cercariae of schistosoma japonicum in vitro and compare its efficacy with praziquantel.201323687806
schistosoma japonicum scfv-il18 fusion dna ameliorates hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis-infected mice via improving local concentration of il-18 in liver.the pathogenesis of chronic schistosomiasis is caused by irritation of the schistosome eggs trapped in liver that induce delayed hypersensitive reactions from the surrounding tissues, leading to the formation of inflammatory granuloma and subsequent fibrosis. a schistosoma japonicum (s. japonicum) single-chain fragment variable (sjscfv) which specifically binds to the s. japonicum soluble immature egg antigen (siea) can be used as a target to deliver specific cytokine towards the site of hepatic ...201323684910
identification of proteins inducing short-lived antibody responses from excreted/secretory products of schistosoma japonicum adult worms by immunoproteomic analysis.the excretory/secretory antigens of schistosoma japonicum (sj esags) play important roles in host-parasite immune interactions. in this study, the antibody response patterns to sj esags in sera of individual rabbits at the healthy stage, 2-6 weeks post-infection and 4-16 weeks after treatment were examined. antigens inducing short-lived antibody responses were selected by comparing differences in immune recognition of proteins in sera across the different stages by western blotting and identifie ...201323684788
field transmission intensity of schistosoma japonicum measured by basic reproduction ratio from modified barbour's model.schistosomiasis japonica, caused by infection with schistosoma japonicum, is still recognized as a major public health problem in the peoples' republic of china. mathematical modelling of schistosomiasis transmission has been undertaken in order to assess and project the effects of various control strategies for elimination of the disease. seasonal fluctuations in transmission may have the potential to impact on the population dynamics of schistosomiasis, yet no model of s. japonicum has conside ...201323680335
diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica with interfacial co-assembly-based multi-channel electrochemical immunosensor arrays.schistosomiasis control remains to be an important and challenging task in the world. however, lack of quick, simple, sensitive and specific sero-diagnostic test is still a hurdle in the control practice. the commonly employed enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (elisa) relies on the native soluble egg antigen (sea) that is limited in supply. here we developed an electrochemical immunosensor array (ecisa) assay with an interfacial co-assembly strategy. a recombinant schistosoma japonicum (sj) cal ...201323648995
spatio-temporal analysis to identify determinants of oncomelania hupensis infection with schistosoma japonicum in jiangsu province, china.with the successful implementation of integrated measures for schistosomiasis japonica control, jiangsu province has reached low-endemicity status. however, infected oncomelania hupensis snails could still be found in certain locations along the yangtze river until 2009, and there is concern that they might spread again, resulting in the possible re-emergence of infections among people and domestic animals alike. in order to establish a robust surveillance system that is able to detect the sprea ...201323648203
comparison of the differential expression mirnas in wistar rats before and 10 days after s.japonicum infection.when compared to the murine permissive host of schistosoma japonicum, wistar rats are less susceptible to schistosoma japonicum infection, and are considered to provide a less suitable microenvironment for parasite growth and development. micrornas (mirnas), are a class of endogenous, non-coding small rnas, that impose an additional, highly significant, level of gene regulation within eukaryotes.201323617945
molecular and functional characterization of a putative pa28γ proteasome activator orthologue in schistosoma mansoni.pa28γ is a proteasome activator involved in the regulation of the cellular proliferation, differentiation and growth. in the present study, we identified and characterized a cdna from schistosoma mansoni exhibiting significant homology to pa28γ of diverse taxa ranging from mammals (including humans) to simple invertebrates. designated smpa28γ, this transcript has a 753bp predicted orf encoding a protein of 250 amino acid residues. alignment of smpa28γ with multiple pa28γ orthologues revealed an ...201323611749
phosphagen kinase in schistosoma japonicum: characterization of its enzymatic properties and determination of its gene structure.phosphagen kinases (pks) play a major role in the regulation of energy metabolism in animals. creatine kinase (ck) is the sole pk in vertebrates, whereas several pks are present in invertebrates. here, we report the enzymatic properties and gene structure of pk in the trematode schistosoma japonicum (sj). sjpk has a unique contiguous dimeric structure comprising domain 1 (d1) and domain 2 (d2). the three states of the recombinant sjpk (d1, d2, and d1d2) show a specific activity for the substrate ...201323603791
combined tlr7/8 and tlr9 ligands potentiate the activity of a schistosoma japonicum dna vaccine.toll-like receptor (tlr) ligands have been explored as vaccine adjuvants for tumor and virus immunotherapy, but few tlr ligands affecting schistosoma vaccines have been characterized. previously, we developed a partially protective dna vaccine encoding the 26-kda glutathione s-transferase of schistosoma japonicum (pvax1-sj26gst).201323593527
hepatosplenic schistosomiasis presenting as spontaneous hemoperitoneum in a filipino immigrant.hepatosplenic schistosomiasis is due to chronic parasitic trematode infections with various schistosoma sp. the schistosoma life cycle requires contamination of surface water by infected human or animal excreta, specific freshwater snail intermediate hosts and human skin contact with water. the disease is prevalent in many developing tropical areas, particularly in sub-saharan africa as well as in southeast asia. deposition of schistosoma eggs in the hepatic portal system leads to periportal fib ...201323588267
spatial-temporal variations of schistosoma japonicum distribution after an integrated national control strategy: a cohort in a marshland area of china.schistosomiasis transmission is typically focal. understanding spatial variations of schistosoma infections and their associated factors is important to help to invent site-specific intervention strategies.201323556428
transmission risks of schistosomiasis japonica: extraction from back-propagation artificial neural network and logistic regression model.the transmission of schistosomiasis japonica in a local setting is still poorly understood in the lake regions of the people's republic of china (p. r. china), and its transmission patterns are closely related to human, social and economic factors.201323556015
transcriptional responses of in vivo praziquantel exposure in schistosomes identifies a functional role for calcium signalling pathway member camkii.treatment for clinical schistosomiasis has relied centrally on the broad spectrum anthelmintic praziquantel; however, there is limited information on its mode of action or the molecular response of the parasite. this paper presents a transcriptional and functional approach to defining the molecular responses of schistosomes to praziquantel. differential gene expression in schistosoma japonicum was investigated by transcriptome-wide microarray analysis of adult worms perfused from infected mice a ...201323555262
characteristics of il-17 induction by schistosoma japonicum infection in c57bl/6 mouse liver.schistosomiasis japonica is a severe tropical disease caused by the parasitic worm schistosoma japonicum. among the most serious pathological effects of s. japonicum infection are hepatic lesions (cirrhosis and fibrosis) and portal hypertension. interleukin-17 (il-17) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory and infectious conditions, including schistosomiasis. we infected c57bl/6 mice with s. japonicum and isolated lymphocytes from the liver to identify c ...201323551262
exogenous bone morphogenetic protein-7 reduces hepatic fibrosis in schistosoma japonicum-infected mice via transforming growth factor-β/smad signaling.to investigate the antifibrotic effects of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (bmp-7) on schistosoma japonicum (s. japonicum)-induced hepatic fibrosis in balb/c mice.201323539268
in vitro cultivation of schistosoma japonicum-parasites and cells.schistosomiasis is a serious parasitic zoonosis caused by blood-dwelling flukes of the genus schistosoma. understanding functions of genes and proteins of this parasite is important for uncovering this pathogen's complex biology, which will provide valuable information to design new strategies for schistosomiasis control. effective applications of molecular tools reported to investigate schistosome gene function, such as inhibitor studies and transgenesis, rely on the developments of in vitro cu ...201324070875
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