Publications

[hodgkin's disease associated with hiv infection: clinical characteristics and development. french registry of tumors associated with hiv infection].	from may 1987 to july 1990, 45 cases of hodgkin's disease (hd) were recorded by the french registry of hiv-associated tumors. thirty-nine patients were male and median age was 30 years. twenty-two cases had mixed cellularity type (mc), 18 nodular sclerosis, two lymphocyte depletion and three were not classified. thirty-four patients had advanced hd clinical stages (cs iii and iv). thirty-six patients (80%) presented with b symptoms. bone marrow involvement was diagnosed in 12 patients. mediastin ...	1992	1486223
auditing aids reporting. experience from a central london district 1982-1991.	to evaluate completeness of reporting of cases of aids to the communicable disease surveillance centre (cdsc) between 1982-1991.	1992	1487261
pneumocystis carinii induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by alveolar macrophages: modulation by pentamidine isethionate.	pneumocystis carinii, and the inflammatory response it provokes, together contribute to irreversible lung damage in immunocompromised patients. p. carinii cysts were found to be capable of inducing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf) release from alveolar macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. at physiologically achievable concentrations, pentamidine isethionate (pentamidine) substantially reduces such production. pretreatment of alveolar macrophages (am phi) with interferon-gamma (ifn-g ...	1992	1487315
[abnormal chest shadow on ct in immunosuppressed patients].	an abnormal chest shadow was observed on ct scans in 25 cases of 23 immunosuppressed patients. pulmonary disease was pathologically confirmed to be pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pc pneumonia) in four patients, cytomegalovirus pneumonia (cmv pneumonia) in one, bacterial pneumonia in seven, fungal infection in three, miliary tuberculosis in one, leukemic infiltration in two, lymphangitis carcinomatosa in three, drug-induced pneumonitis in three, and ards in one. in almost all patients, especiall ...	1992	1488291
tiny echogenic foci in the liver and kidney in patients with aids: not always due to disseminated pneumocystis carinii.		1992	1489361
pneumocandins from zalerion arboricola. i. discovery and isolation.	hplc bioautography of the directed biosynthesis of zalerion arboricola led to the discovery of pneumocandin b0 (l-688,786), a new antifungal and anti-pneumocystis carinii lipopeptide. isolation techniques were developed to separate this component from pneumocandin a0 (l-671,329) in fermentations of a mutant of zalerion arboricola. a number of related compounds were also isolated, which differ from pneumocandins a0 and b0 in the hydroxylation patterns on the ornithine, homotyrosine, and proline.	1992	1490876
pneumocandins from zalerion arboricola. ii. modification of product spectrum by mutation and medium manipulation.	zalerion arboricola atcc 20868 produces pneumocandin a0 (l-671,329), a cyclic hexapeptide with a dimethylmyristic acid side chain. this compound has anti-candida and anti-pneumocystis activities. we were interested in looking for other related compounds produced by this organism. to facilitate this search, a simple medium (s2) composed of d-mannitol, peptonized milk, lactic acid, glycine, kh2po4 and trace elements, which supported the production of a number of such compounds, was designed. for t ...	1992	1490877
pneumocandins from zalerion arboricola. iii. structure elucidation.	pneumocandin b0 (6) and six related lipopeptides are antifungal and anti-pneumocystis carinii agents from mutants of zalerion arboricola, whose structures were determined mainly on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. they belong, along with pneumocandin a0 (l-671,329) previously isolated from these laboratories, to the echinocandin class of antifungal agents. the product from base-catalyzed ring opening involving the hemiaminal position of the dihydroxyornithine residue of b0, has been clearly ...	1992	1490878
pneumocandins from zalerion arboricola. iv. biological evaluation of natural and semisynthetic pneumocandins for activity against pneumocystis carinii and candida species.	a series of lipopeptide compounds co-produced during the fermentation of pneumocandin a0 (l-671,329) and related semisynthetic compounds were evaluated in vivo against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and systemic candidiasis. in addition, they were tested in vitro against a panel of pathogenic candida species and in a candida membrane 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthesis assay. the results of these studies demonstrate that pneumocandin a0 and pneumocandin b0 (l-688,786) are the most potent compounds when ...	1992	1490879
eflornithine versus cotrimoxazole in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients.	to compare cotrimoxazole and eflornithine as primary treatment for first-episode pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp).	1992	1492932
does laboratory recovery of pneumocystis carinii always mean clinically significant disease?		1992	1492949
development and resolution of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in severe combined immunodeficient mice: a morphological study of host inflammatory responses.	the development and resolution of naturally-acquired pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was studied in a severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mouse model by light and electron microscopies. initial infection was evident in 3-week-old scid mice and started as focal alveolar colonization in the areas near terminal airways. pronounced pulmonary inflammation occurred in animals of 10 weeks or older and the infection intensity reached a plateau in animals 12 weeks of age. at this stage of disease, the ...	1992	1493101
diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv antibody positive patients by simple outpatient assessments.	as increasing numbers of patients with immunosuppression induced by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) present with respiratory symptoms it is important to differentiate pneumocystis carinii pneumonia from other chest diseases rapidly and start treatment early. the management of pneumocystis pneumonia could be improved if clinicians could diagnose this condition confidently on the basis of simple clinical assessments.	1992	1494761
[pulmonary function tests after pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in hiv infected patients].	significant impairment of lung volumes and gas exchange in hiv-infected patients with acute pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) has been reported, whereas little is known about lung function compromise following successful therapy. in 9 patients with acute pcp and 9 patients 1-5 month after pcp lung function testing including spirometry, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and exercise blood gas analysis were performed serially at monthly intervals. the results were summarized in a total sco ...	1992	1495909
high osmotic pressure enables fine ultrastructural and cytochemical studies on pneumocystis carinii. i. epon embedding.	high osmotic pressure was used to preserve the ultrastructure of rabbit-, scid mouse-, and rat-derived pneumocystis carinii organisms from osmotic stress during fixation. organelles and cytosol were well preserved within the tonicity range of 850-1,300 mosmol. under these experimental conditions, we determined that the endoplasmic reticulum was well developed in all parasite stages and could observe the golgi complex, autophagic vacuoles, dense bodies, type ii endoplasmic saccules, and the recen ...	1992	1495924
improved survival of renal allograft recipients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by early diagnosis and treatment.		1992	1496657
prophylaxis of aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with aerosolized pentamidine in a patient with hypersensitivity to systemic pentamidine.		1992	1500632
[absence of liver accumulation of 67ga-citrate in pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in aids. description of a case].		1992	1502367
pneumocystis carinii infection in foals in the uk.		1992	1502768
epidemiology of aids in females with hemophilia and other chronic bleeding disorders in the united states: comparisons with males with chronic bleeding disorders and aids and with nonhemophilic female blood-transfusion recipients with aids.	from january 1, 1981 through june 30, 1990, 32 females with chronic bleeding disorders were diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the united states. most (81.3%) were white and greater than or equal to 30 years of age, with a median age of 37.5 years. eighteen (56.3%) had von willebrand's disease. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was reported for 16 (50%). none had kaposi sarcoma. the median survival time was 10.8 months, with a cumulative probability of survival at 1 year of ...	1992	1503095
antimicrotubule benzimidazoles inhibit in vitro growth of pneumocystis carinii.	nine antimicrotubule benzimidazole derivatives tested in a pneumocystis carinii culture system with human embryonic lung fibroblast monolayers inhibited organism proliferation. the concentrations of drugs inhibitory in culture ranged from 10 to 0.1 micrograms/ml, with thiabendazole being the least effective (10 micrograms/ml) and parbendazole being the most effective (0.1 microgram/ml). the parent compound, benzimidazole, was inactive at 10 micrograms/ml. demonstration that this group of compoun ...	1992	1503439
empirically treated pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in london, 1983-1989.	for 227 episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) treated at st mary's between 1983 and 1989, factors predictive of fatal outcome were age, haemoglobin levels, peripheral lymphocyte count and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient. case fatality for the 47 empirically-treated episodes was significantly higher compared with the 180 cytologically proven episodes (55% vs 18%, chi 2 = 25.7, p less than 0.0001). case fatality for episodes which could not be bronchoscoped was significantly higher co ...	1992	1504162
corticosteroids in aids patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1992	1504405
pneumocystis carinii shows dna homology with the ustomycetous red yeast fungi.	pneumocystis carinii causes life-threatening pneumonia in t-lymphocyte-immunodeficient subjects in transplant and oncology units or with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). recent dna homology studies show p. carinii to be a fungus. to investigate the biology and epidemiology of this parasite further, we elected to determine for it a more precise taxonomic assignment within the fungal kingdom. we screened a wide range of organisms representing the major orders of fungi using dna amplific ...	1992	1508039
pulmonary toxoplasmosis in aids.	the chest radiographs obtained in nine patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and pulmonary toxoplasmosis were reviewed. in three patients, a bilateral, diffuse, fine to medium reticulonodular pattern indistinguishable from that seen in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was observed. in six patients, however, a bilateral, predominantly coarse, nodular pattern was observed. this type of abnormality is unusual with pcp, and its presence may help in distinguishing between pulmon ...	1992	1509069
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients: clinical course in relation to the parasite number found in routine specimens obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy.	the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the amount of pneumocystis carinii organisms found at fiberoptic bronchoscopy (fb) performed on hiv-positive patients correlated to the character of the p. carinii pneumonia (pcp). a consecutive series of 105 patients presented with 131 episodes of pulmonary symptoms requiring fb, and in 75 of these episodes a diagnosis of pcp was made. specimens were stained with giemsa and methenamine silver nitrate and the number of parasites found was given as: n ...	1992	1509234
serum carcinoembryonic antigen: a prognostic marker in hiv-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	serum concentrations of carcinoembryonic antigen (cea) were measured in 43 consecutive patients with hiv-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). the subjects were divided into 2 groups according to the severity of the pcp:pao2 in ambient air (aa) less than or equal to 50 mmhg on admission (n = 22, group 1) and pao2 greater than 50 mmhg (n = 21, group 2). in addition, 57 hiv patients with either non-pcp pulmonary diseases (n = 34, group 3) or extrapulmonary disease (n = 23, group 4) were st ...	1992	1509235
aids--the baragwanath experience. part iii. hiv infection in adults at baragwanath hospital.	by december 1990, 181 hiv-positive black adults had been seen in the medical wards and hiv clinic at baragwanath hospital. fifty per cent were in the late stage of hiv infection; 34% of those so diagnosed in 1990 have died. equal numbers of both sexes have been seen. their ages have ranged from 16 years to 66 years, with peak frequencies in women aged 20-29 years and in men aged 30-39 years. tuberculosis was the commonest complicating infection, followed by acute pneumonia. pneumocystis carinii ...	1992	1509338
relation between hospital experience and in-hospital mortality for patients with aids-related pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: experience from 3,126 cases in new york city in 1987.	there is marked debate about whether outcomes of care, particularly mortality, vary as a function of hospital and physician experience with a disease. this issue is especially important with respect to aids because greater than 200,000 individuals have now been diagnosed with this disease. we analyzed discharge data for 3,126 persons with aids who had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and who were treated at one of 73 new york city hospitals in 1987. in-hospital mortality was 25%. factors associate ...	1992	1512684
quantification of the detection of pneumocystis carinii by dna amplification.	we have developed a highly specific and sensitive technique for the detection of pneumocystis carinii dna using dna amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). pcr products are detected by agarose gel electrophoresis and southern hybridization to an oligonucleotide probe. here we report the calibration of parasite numbers with amplification and hybridization signals and show that we can detect p. carinii to a lower limit of one to two organisms. the quantification of this diagnostic te ...	1992	1513340
detection of pneumocystis carinii in a rat model of infection by polymerase chain reaction.	the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was employed to detect pneumocystis carinii in organs of infected rats. using a pair of oligonucleotides designed to the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene of rat p. carinii, specific amplification of an expected 415 bp region of p. carinii dhfr dna of this organism was achieved, while no amplification occurred with the human, candida albicans, and mycobacterium avium and tuberculosis dnas. using rat p. carinii isolated from in vitro cultures and infected lun ...	1992	1513343
experience with flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage as a diagnostic tool in children with aids.	to report our experience with flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage in children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and acute lower respiratory tract disease.	1992	1514551
the effect of cigarette smoking on lymphocyte subsets and progression to aids in a cohort of homosexual men.	we investigated the effect of cigarette smoking on the percentage of cd4 and cd8 cells (cd4%, cd8%) within a prospective study of homosexual men in vancouver, canada and compared progression rates to aids among seroincident smokers and non-smokers. serial measurements of cd4% and cd8% obtained from four annual visits were available for 299 men and were compared with respect to smoking status and serologic group. cd4% was significantly elevated (p less than 0.025) and cd8% was significantly lower ...	1992	1516287
the clinical utility of serum lactate dehydrogenase in diagnosing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among hospitalized aids patients.	it has been previously demonstrated that serum lactate dehydrogenase is elevated among hiv patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). to evaluate the clinical utility of this test we analyzed the admission ldh levels of patients hospitalized for the first time due to the secondary complications of aids. among 76 patients without a prior history of pcp, 41 (54%) had pcp diagnosed during their hospitalization while 35 (46%) did not have pcp. serum ldh was significantly higher among pcp pa ...	1992	1516288
corticosteroids for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with acute respiratory failure. experience with rescue therapy.	corticosteroids have proven effective as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of pcp in patients with aids, when begun within 72 h of conventional anti-pneumocystis therapy. their efficacy as rescue (or salvage) therapy in patients who have failed conventional therapy, however, remains unproven. ths report presents our experience with 16 patients admitted to our micu for acute respiratory failure (pao2/fio2 ratio less than or equal to 150) due to pcp. five of six patients (83 percent) who receiv ...	1992	1516418
bronchitis mimicking opportunistic lung infection in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection/aids.	purulent bronchitis was identified in 19 of 422 patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy during a 32-month period because of suspicion of an opportunistic lung infection complicating acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or human immunodeficiency virus infection. five patients had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, but other opportunistic lung infections were excluded in the remaining 14 patients. characteristics of these 14 patients included fever (greater than 38.3 degrees c), cough, and dyspnea ...	1992	1518586
influence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on serum and tissue concentrations of pentamidine administered to rats by tracheal injections.	pentamidine isethionate was administered by the tracheal route to control rats and immunodepressed rats with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). the serum concentration of pentamidine base 20 min after the administration was higher in the pcp rats (309 +/- 165 ng/ml) than in the control animals (71 +/- 36 mg/ml; p less than 0.001); 90 min after the injection the proportion of the pentamidine administered was lower in the right lung of the pcp rats (29 +/- 15%) than in the control rats (57 +/- ...	1992	1519855
higher pentamidine levels in aids patients with hypoglycemia and azotemia during treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) and pentamidine are both licensed for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). however, their use is associated with various adverse side effects. in this prospective study, 26 aids patients with 32 episodes of pcp were treated with pentamidine (4 mg/kg/d). each patient was treated for 12 to 21 days, depending on the rapidity of onset of the clinical response. during the 32 pcp episodes, hypoglycemia occurred in 16 instances, azotemia in 12, ...	1992	1519856
pulmonary function in human immunodeficiency virus infection. a prospective 18-month study of serial lung function in 474 patients.	to investigate the development of a reduced dlco in patients with hiv-related disease, we studied 474 hiv-seropositive patients and performed serial lung function measurements over 18 months. the mean values of dlco at presentation were lower in patients with more advanced hiv disease compared with asymptomatic hiv-seropositive patients (dlco 88% of predicted). when compared with the dlco in asymptomatic hiv-seropositive patients, the dlco had reduced values in patients with persistent generaliz ...	1992	1519857
current status of hiv therapy: ii. opportunistic diseases.	infections and malignancies account for most deaths in patients with aids and will continue to do so as long as hiv-induced immunosuppression is progressive and irreversible. co-trimoxazole has emerged as the preferred agent for prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. as appropriate broad-spectrum agents are developed, multiple opportunistic pathogen prophylaxis could become effective.	1992	1522156
incest and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a twelve-year-old girl: a case for early human immunodeficiency virus testing in sexually abused children.		1992	1523085
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia following immunosuppressive therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus.		1992	1525634
adverse effects associated with intravenous pentamidine isethionate as treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients.	to evaluate the adverse effects of intravenous pentamidine isethionate, a retrospective study was carried out over a four-year period. twenty-one acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients received intravenous pentamidine as treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). this was 13% of the total number of patients with pcp in the department during that period. four patients died during treatment and were not evaluated for side effects. thirteen patients (13/17 = 76%) suffered from o ...	1992	1526188
proliferation patterns of latent pneumocystis carinii in rat organs during progressive stages of immunosuppression.		1992	1527778
molecular evolution of the fungi: human pathogens.	the morphological, ecological, and clinical diversity among ascomycete fungi that are pathogenic to humans suggest that the potential for pathogenicity may have arisen multiple times within these higher fungi. we have obtained 18s ribosomal dna sequences from a diverse group of human pathogenic fungi in order to determine their evolutionary origins. the fungi studied include a skin pathogen that is confined to humans (trichophyton rubrum) and three systemic, facultative parasites that cause hist ...	1992	1528111
[primary hepatic lymphoma in subjects with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome].	in this study the authors describe a non-hodgkin's lymphoma histologically typed "large non-cleaved cell immunophenotype b cell", placed primitively into the liver. it affected a woman twenty seven years old, who contracted hiv infection due to heterosexual intercourse with at risk partner. at the time of diagnosis the woman was already considered aids patient on account of a previous pneumocystis carinii pneumoniae and severe immunodeficiency (dc4 = 13 cells/mm3). the patient received cycles of ...	1992	1529146
120-kd surface glycoprotein of pneumocystis carinii is a ligand for surfactant protein a.	pneumocystis carinii is the most common cause of life-threatening pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. in the current study, surfactant protein a (sp-a), the major nonserum protein constituent of pulmonary surfactant, is demonstrated to bind p. carinii in a specific and saturable manner. sp-a is surface bound and does not appear to be internalized or degraded by the p. carinii organism. furthermore, sp-a binding to p. carinii is time- and calcium-dependent and is competitively inhibited by m ...	1992	1530850
new developments in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and therapies to treat this infection are associated with frequent and severe morbidity in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). mortality rates remain in the 20 to 40 percent range for severe episodes. thus, less toxic and more effective therapies are needed. for mild-to-moderately severe episodes (pao2 greater than 70 mm hg or [a-a]do2 less than 35 mm hg), studies suggest that trimethoprim-dapsone, clindamycin-primaquine, and bw 566c80 may caus ...	1992	1531191
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient without any sign of immunodeficiency].		1992	1531265
pentamidine is an n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist and is neuroprotective in vitro.	acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is frequently associated with dementia. the wide spectrum of neurological abnormalities associated with this dementia may involve a neurotoxin that activates the nmda subtype of glutamate receptor in neurons. we have found that the antimicrobial agent pentamidine, which is prescribed for aids patients for the prophylaxis and treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, is an effective nmda receptor antagonist. pentamidine inhibited 3h-dizocilpine binding ...	1992	1532027
[pregnancy in hiv infected women. current therapeutic indications].	this paper deals with the management of pregnant women with hiv infection. the virus is transmitted by the mother to 20-30 percent of the infants, and therapeutic abortion should be offered to women whose pregnancy does not exceed 26 weeks of amenorrhoea. if pregnancy is pursued, the mother must be investigated for sexually transmitted diseases which are particularly frequent in this population and may have repercussions on the newborn. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the most common opportuni ...	1992	1532074
efficacy of intermittent dosage of 8-aminoquinolines for therapy or prophylaxis of pneumocystis pneumonia in rats.	experimental 8-aminoquinolines from walter reed army institute for research are effective for prophylaxis or therapy of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in rat models. in the present study, primaquine, wr6026, and wr238605 were tested in prophylaxis and treatment models of p. carinii pneumonia to compare the effectiveness of continuous versus intermittent dosing. for treatment of p. carinii pneumonia, the drugs showed detectable effects when given once every 4 days (primaquine and wr6026 at doses ...	1992	1532406
trimetrexate for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids.	the primary objective of this article is to introduce readers to the use of a new agent, trimetrexate (tmtx), in the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). the article also gives the readers an overview of pcp and discusses some of the controversies surrounding it. pharmacokinetic data and clinical trials are reviewed, as well as adverse effects, drug interactions, and dosage guidelines.	1992	1532518
[spontaneous pneumothorax complicating cavitary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia treated with pleural talc in an aids infected patient].		1992	1532643
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicated by compressive pneumomediastinum].		1992	1535144
construction of a genomic dna library of the toxoplasma gondii zs2 strain, screening of specific clones, and dna diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.	we have constructed a genomic dna library of the toxoplasma gondii zs2 strain and isolated a specific cloned dna sequence from this organism. the restriction map of this cloned 1.1-kb dna fragment was analyzed. southern and dot-blot analyses showed that the 32p-labeled dna fragment hybridized to parasite dna, to dnas from peripheral blood leukocytes and the thymus of baby pigs that were artificially infected with t. gondii, and to dnas of t. gondii-positive anencephalic and hydrocephalic fetuses ...	1992	1536384
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia mimicking granulomatous lung disease.	a case of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presented radiographically with upper lobe cavitation and association pleural thickening, mimicking granulomatous lung disease. the patient was diagnosed in our institution with transbronchial biopsies which showed p carinii organisms and foamy eosinophilic debris in the alveolar spaces. clinical and radiographic resolution occurred with trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole therapy. this particular radiographic pattern ...	1992	1538186
pneumocystis carinii pneumonia complicating low dose methotrexate treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.		1992	1539154
pentamidine blocks the pathophysiologic effects of endotoxemia through inhibition of cytokine release.	pentamidine isethionate, an antiprotozoal agent with therapeutic value against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, has been used for over 30 years without a precise understanding of its mechanism of pharmacologic action. we have previously reported that pentamidine has the capacity to inhibit the release of cytokines from macrophages through a post-translational processing event. the present studies were undertaken to assess the ability of pentamidine to modulate the detrimental effects of murine en ...	1992	1539159
extrapulmonic pneumocystis carinii infection at a porta hepatis lymph node.		1992	1539586
severe lymphocytic endothelialitis associated with coronary artery spasm in a heart transplant recipient.	coronary artery spasm plays an important role in ischemic heart disease, particularly variant angina. we report the case of a 59-year-old man who developed severe diffuse coronary artery spasm 11 months after he received a heart transplant. the spasm was reversed by a single dose of sublingual nitroglycerin; however, the patient died 9 days later of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. postmortem examination of this patient's heart revealed accelerated arteriosclerosis, with a prominent diffuse lymph ...	1992	1540611
lack of utility of bronchial brush biopsy in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.	while bronchoalveolar lavage has been shown to be more sensitive than brush biopsy (bb) for the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients, some have reported that bb occasionally is positive in spite of a negative bal. many bronchoscopists, therefore, continue to perform routine bb when doing bronchoscopy on aids patients. we performed a retrospective study of all fiberoptic bronchoscopies done on human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients over a one-year period at our ins ...	1992	1541132
isolation and characterization of a recombinant antigen of pneumocystis carinii.	pneumocystis carinii contains a major group of antigens which migrates as a broad band of 45 to 55 kda and 35 to 45 kda in organisms derived from rats and humans, respectively. this complex is among the most common p. carinii antigens found in the respiratory tract and is recognized by serum antibodies of infected individuals. we have isolated a cdna clone encoding the 3' portion of a 45- to 55-kda antigen of rat-derived p. carinii. the predicted protein encoded by this cdna contains a distincti ...	1992	1541564
[surgical lung biopsy].	open lung biopsy enables a diagnosis to be made in cases of diffuse infiltrative pulmonary disease. it was developed to aid the diagnosis of opportunistic infectious disease observed in virus infections in immune deficiency states and during transplants. open lung biopsy involves the partial resection of the lung parenchyma. the availability of the mechanical stapler has resolved the problem of parenchymal air leaks when suturing lung tissue. open lung biopsy should be carried out when endoscopi ...	1992	1542745
miliary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.		1992	1543770
maternal and fetal infections.	acquired immunodeficiency virus infections had recently been the leading cause of death in minority women of reproductive age in several urban cities in the united states. in addition, more than 80% of infants with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection acquired the infection perinatally. these alarming data have spawned a prodigious body of information about perinatal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. some of the most recent advances are highlighted in this review. revolutio ...	1992	1543830
prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1992	1545462
antiparasitic agents.	in recent years, introduction of new and more effective agents has improved the overall therapy for parasitic infections. this field, however, is still plagued by numerous problems, including the development of resistance to antimicrobial agents (especially with malaria), unavailability of agents in the united states or lack of approval by the food and drug administration, and major toxicities or lack of experience in pregnant women and children, which limits use in these groups of patients. wid ...	1992	1545596
[aids in germany: clinical manifestations of aids].	since 1982, voluntary anonymous reports that meet the criteria of the who/cdc-aids definition are being collected by the federal health office. by december 31st, 1989 a total of 4,306 aids cases has been registered. more than 80% of the reported cases are homo- and bisexual men and injection drug-users. the remaining cases are divided between hemophiliacs, persons who get infected by heterosexual contacts, blood transfusion recipients, and children infected pre- or perinatally. in 16% of all cas ...	1992	1545764
pneumocystis carinii osteomyelitis in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency.		1992	1545853
[spontaneous pneumothorax and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. something more than a casual association?].	the association of spontaneous pneumothorax and pneumocystis pneumonia is not frequent. the medical literature reports a ratio between 0 and 5.7%. in 18 patients admitted in our hospital, in the last two years, and diagnosed of aids and pneumocystis pneumonia, we observed two cases of pneumothorax spontaneous. they represent the 11%. in one of them spontaneous pneumothorax was the first manifestation and in the other a complication of the illness. it was not possible to isolate an agent differen ...	1992	1546199
spontaneous pneumothorax in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: common or uncommon?		1992	1546615
a comparison of the effectiveness of three regimens in the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a major cause of morbidity and the leading cause of death in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. the prevention of the occurrence and recurrence of pcp is a cornerstone in the treatment of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. there are few studies comparing pcp prophylactic regimens.	1992	1546914
clinical prediction of pneumocystis pneumonia.	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is often difficult to diagnose in an ambulatory care setting. previous reports have identified elements of the clinical history, physical examination, and clinical testing that are useful predictors of p carinii pneumonia. we analyzed published data on these predictors and measured them against methodologic standards for clinical prediction rules. variables with high negative or positive predictive value for p carinii pneumonia, low error rates, or compelling biolo ...	1992	1546926
importance of endogenous tumor necrosis factor alpha and gamma interferon in host resistance against pneumocystis carinii infection.	c.b-17 scid/scid (scid) mice that have acquired natural pulmonary infection with pneumocystis carinii clear these organisms by 19 days after reconstitution with spleen cells from immunocompetent mice and therefore serve as a model for studying the pathogenesis of and immunity to p. carinii pneumonia. the present study examined the importance of endogenous tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) and gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) in the clearance of p. carinii by treatment of reconstituted scid mic ...	1992	1548057
mouse model for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia that uses natural transmission to initiate infection.	animal models for pneumocystis carinii, for the most part, have been limited to immunosuppressed rats and ferrets, while a dependable mouse model has been more difficult to develop. a p. carinii mouse model has now been established with several strains of mice, including c3heb/fej, c3hen, balb/c, dba/2n, and balb/c nu/nu (athymic). in lieu of using invasive methods for initiating p. carinii infections, mice harboring p. carinii transmitted the disease to mice without latent infection via short-t ...	1992	1548065
improved rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: induced laboratory infections in pneumocystis-free animals.	an immunosuppressed rat model of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is described that utilizes simple, noninvasive intratracheal (i.t.) inoculation of cryopreserved parasites and results in development of severe p. carinii pneumonia within 5 weeks. this is an improvement over the most commonly used models of p. carinii pneumonia that rely on immune suppression to activate latent p. carinii infections and that often require 8 to 12 weeks to produce heavy infections of p. carinii. it is also less labo ...	1992	1548080
elisa of complement c3a in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.	activated complement factors within the lung may induce several local biological effects. in order to investigate local complement activation we have developed non-competitive two-site elisas of c3a and total c3 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf). for the assay of c3a, both c3 and c3(h2o) were removed from the samples by precipitation with polyethylene glycol. it was necessary to add carrier proteins to balf to remove c3 and c3(h2o) fully. the elisa of c3a has the lowest limit of detection r ...	1992	1548406
the spectrum of chest infections in hiv positive patients in edinburgh.	in a retrospective analysis of all known hiv-positive patients admitted to the city hospital before november 1989, 208 patients accounted for 612 admissions, 72% being injection drug users (idus). one hundred and eighty admissions (29%) were for chest-related disorders, and this was the commonest reason for admission. unlike other u.k. centres where more than 50% chest problems are due to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), only 27% of our chest admissions were for pcp. fifty-four percent of c ...	1992	1548416
comparative trial of dapsone versus trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.	the purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of dapsone and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in the primary prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and having less than 200 cd4-positive cells per ml. this was a prospective, randomized, open-label study, using dapsone (100 mg p.o.) or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (160 mg/800 mg p.o.) daily. patients who developed toxicity requiring discontinuation were ...	1992	1548570
trends in survival for children reported with maternally transmitted acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in new york city, 1982 to 1989.	to better understand the natural history of severe pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection, reported cases of perinatally acquired pediatric acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in new york city were examined for differences in survival and age at diagnosis before and after implementation of an expanded case definition in 1987. one hundred ninety-six children reported through august, 1987, and 333 children reported between september, 1987, and february, 1990, and diagnosed through ...	1992	1549406
diagnostic value of lung clearance of 99mtc dtpa compared with other non-invasive investigations in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids.		1992	1549824
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii infections in heart-lung and lung transplantation--how effective and for how long?	pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a common clinical problem in the setting of organ transplantation, particularly in heart-lung and lung allograft recipients. without prophylactic measurements, the incidence of p carinii pneumonia can reach up to 88% of heart-lung transplant recipients. we conducted a retrospective analysis of the stanford heart-lung and lung transplant experience in order to assess the efficacy of the prophylactic therapy and to try to define the duration of therapy neces ...	1992	1549851
accumulation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients after kidney transplantation.		1992	1551249
treatment ind protocol announced for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.		1992	1551304
pulmonary disposition of gallium-67 in patients with pneumocystis pneumonia: an analysis using bronchoalveolar lavage.	gallium-67 localizes to the cellular fraction of bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluid in patients with sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, as well as normal subjects. to further study 67ga disposition in bal fluid, 11 patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) and 8 patients with a variety of other lung diseases, underwent bal 24 hr after 67ga injection. compared to the non-pcp patients, pcp patients had high uptake gallium scans at 24 and 72 hr, and showed significantly increased ...	1992	1552333
survival of hemophilic males with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with and without risk factors for aids other than hemophilia.	between january 1, 1981, and june 30, 1990, 1,514 hemophilia-associated acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) cases in males were diagnosed in the united states. in 1,394, hemophilia was reported as the sole risk factor. for an additional 120, other risk factors were reported: of 101 of these, 40 had homosexual/bisexual activity, 53 had a history of intravenous drug use, and 8 had both of these risk factors. we examined the demographic data and the survival data of two principal groups: male ...	1992	1553956
the biology of pneumocystis carinii.		1992	1554424
pneumocystis carinii infection in the middle ear.	pneumocystis carinii is the opportunistic pathogen frequently causing pneumonitis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. extrapulmonic manifestation of p carinii is unusual and is commonly associated with severe systemic illness, other immune deficiency status, malignancy, or immune suppression. we describe a case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with manifestations of p carinii otitis media with severe otalgia and conductive hearing loss.	1992	1554446
case report: disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection in a patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome causing thyroid gland calcification and hypothyroidism.	we present the case of a homosexual male patient with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) who developed disseminated infection with pneumocystis carinii. he presented with symptoms and signs of thyroid disease, and developed thyroid gland calcification. this was later histologically proven to be due to p. carinii infection. disseminated p. carinii infection is rare, and this case represents the first report to our knowledge of thyroid gland involvement causing both hypothyroidism and ...	1992	1555379
spontaneous pneumothorax associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. successful treatment with talc pleurodesis.	spontaneous pneumothoraces occur in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. however, treatment with tube insertion and tetracycline sclerosis often fails to prevent recurrence. we present a single case of such a patient successfully treated with talc sclerosis.	1992	1555449
flow cytometric analyses of lectin binding to pneumocystis carinii surface carbohydrates.	pneumocystis carinii obtained from infected rat lung homogenates was incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated lectins, counterstained with the nuclear stain, propidium iodide (pi), and analyzed by dual parameter histograms for lectin-associated green and pi-associated red fluorescence using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. the presence of glucose/mannose moieties was evidenced by the binding of all organisms to concanavalin a and wisteria floribunda. from the lectin group specif ...	1992	1556643
characteristics and outcome variables of hiv cases at a university-based medical practice.	an increasing number of aids cases occur each year in west virginia despite its small urban population. from january 1984 to march 1991 at the marshall university based multispecialty internal medicine group (the university physicians in internal medicine), 66 hiv-infected persons were treated, most of whom are native west virginians and always resided in the state. the study group consisted of 61 men and 5 women; four-fifths of the men are homosexual/bisexual and one-seventh used intravenous il ...	1992	1557906
pneumocystis carinii peritonitis. antemortem confirmation of disseminated pneumocystosis by cytologic examination of body fluids.	histologic confirmation of extrapulmonary pneumocystis carinii infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome has usually required organ biopsy when the diagnosis was made antemortem. three cases of pneumocystis peritonitis were studied in which confirmation of extrapulmonary dissemination was achieved by cytologic examination of ascitic fluid. patients presented with characteristic choroidal lesions, transudative ascites, profound hypoalbuminemia, and hepatic dysfunction. cytologic examina ...	1992	1558450
trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole appears more effective than aerosolized pentamidine as secondary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids.	we compared the efficacies of low-dose trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (tmp-smx; one tablet: tmp, 160 mg, smx, 800 mg, twice daily, twice a week) and aerosolized pentamidine (300 mg every 4 weeks) as secondary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with hiv infection.	1992	1558714
prospective randomized comparison of toxicity of two prophylactic regimens of cotrimoxazole in leukemic children.	cotrimoxazole is currently used for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis in leukemic children. the former regimen of continuous administration was recently replaced by intermittent administration. the antifolic activity of cotrimoxazole could theoretically enhance that of methotrexate, also administered to leukemic children. we report on a prospective, randomized study to compare two different regimens--continuous vs. 3 days a week--of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis. the aim of the study was to ...	1992	1558774
increasing impact of hiv infection on hospitalizations in the united states, 1983-1988.	during 1983-1988, hospitalizations of patients with a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection increased from 1.3 to 33.7 per 100,000 persons. we used the national hospital discharge survey, which is based on a representative sample of discharges from nonfederal short-stay hospitals, to describe illnesses among hospitalized patients with hiv infection. of 222,200 such hospitalizations during 1983-1988, most occurred among persons who were 25-44 years of age (79%), white (66%), a ...	1992	1560347
opsonophagocytosis of pneumocystis carinii.	the interaction of pneumocystis carinii purified from rat lungs with rat peritoneal macrophages and human circulating polymorphonuclear leucocytes was studied by amplified chemiluminescence and examination of stained cytospin preparations. a polyclonal rat antiserum to p. carinii was opsonic with both types of phagocyte. complement had no opsonic properties alone but produced a synergic effect in combination with antibody.	1992	1560444
[pneumatocele and pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii].		1992	1560726
[pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a hiv-positive patient].	the authors publish a case report of a young man, who have got a severe pneumonia, which did not recover after antibiotics treatment. when the cause of the immunosuppression was investigated, hiv positivity was found, and pneumocystis carinii was recognised in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. the diagnosis of the lung complications and the possibilities of the treatment are discussed.	1992	1560972