Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| comparative analysis of the d genome-encoded high-molecular weight subunits of glutenin. | four genes encoding novel 1dx-type high-molecular weight (hmw) subunits were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, two each from aegilops tauschii and bread wheat triticum aestivum. the two subunits from ae. tauschii (1dx2.1(t) and 1dx2(t)) were both very similar in sequence to subunit 1dx2 from bread wheat. in contrast, the two novel bread wheat subunits (1dx2.2 and 1dx2.2*) differed from subunit 1dx2 in having different internally duplicated regions (of 132 and 186 amino acid, respectively) ... | 2005 | 16177903 |
| microsatellite mapping of a triticum urartu tum. derived powdery mildew resistance gene transferred to common wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | a powdery mildew resistance gene from triticum urartu tum. accession ur206 was successfully transferred into hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) through crossing and backcrossing. the f1 plants, which had 28 chromosomes and an average of 5.32 bivalents and 17.36 univalents in meiotic pollen mother cells (pmc), were obtained through embryos rescued owing to shriveling of endosperm in hybrid seed of cross chinese spring (cs) x ur206. hybrid seeds were produced through backcrossing f1 with commo ... | 2005 | 16177900 |
| map-based isolation of disease resistance genes from bread wheat: cloning in a supersize genome. | the genome of bread wheat is hexaploid and contains 1.6 x 10 10 bp of dna, of which more than 80% is repetitive sequences. its size and complexity represent a challenge for the isolation of agronomically important genes, for which we frequently know only their position on the genetic map. recently, new genomic resources and databases from genome projects have simplified the molecular analysis of the wheat genome. the first genes to be isolated from wheat by map-based cloning include three resist ... | 2005 | 16174327 |
| differential and coordinated expression of cbf and cor/lea genes during long-term cold acclimation in two wheat cultivars showing distinct levels of freezing tolerance. | the cold acclimation process in plants is primarily regulated through the signal transduction pathways that lead to the induction and enhancement of expression of different sets of cor/lea genes. winter wheat 'mironovskaya 808' (m808) exhibited a much higher level of freezing tolerance than spring wheat 'chinese spring' (cs), and the difference became clearer after the long-term cold acclimation. to understand the molecular basis of this cultivar difference, we isolated two cbf/dreb1 homologs, w ... | 2005 | 16172531 |
| molecular cytogenetic characterization and seed storage protein analysis of 1a/1d translocation lines of durum wheat. | two durum wheat [triticum turgidum l. ssp. durum (desf.) husn.] lines carrying the high-molecular-weight (hmw) glutenin subunits (gs) 1 d x 5 + 1dy10 encoded by glu-d1d, l252 and s99b34, were characterized using fluorescent genomic in-situ hybridization (fgish) and microsatellite markers. these two durum lines were derived from the crosses in which the common wheat (t. aestivum l.) 'len' and durum wheat 'langdon' (ldn) and 'renville' were involved. fgish patterns of the mitotic chromosomes indic ... | 2005 | 16170620 |
| investigation of the response of bread wheat cultivars to salinity by using callus cultures. | in this research, the response of four bread wheat cultivars (bal-atilla, marmara-86, seyhan-95, and panda) to different nacl concentrations (25.6, 51.3, 77.0, 99.4,119.7 mm) were investigated by using callus cultures. in the experiment, callus induction rates (%) and callus weights in solid and liquid ms media, callus weights in liquid ms media with different nacl concentrations and in liquid ms media free nacl concentrations, and callus weights and regeneration rates in ms solid media with nac ... | 2005 | 16161981 |
| [hybrid and monosomic analyses of smoky coloration of the ear in common wheat]. | the results of the hybrid and monosomic analyses of smoky ear coloration in the common wheat variety columbina are reported. the character has been found to be monogenic, and its gene has been located to chromosome ids. the smoky ear coloration is determined by an allele of gene rg2 introgressed to wheat from aegilops tauschii. | 2005 | 16161638 |
| allopolyploidy in wheat induces rapid and heritable alterations in dna methylation patterns of cellular genes and mobile elements. | whereas accumulating recent evidences indicate that allopolyploid formation in plants is accompanied by rapid and non-mendelian genomic changes, some other works showed genomic stasis in both nascent and natural allopolyploids. to further study the issue, we performed global dna fingerprinting of a newly synthesized allohexaploid wheat and its natural counterpart, the common wheat, by aflp analysis. it was found that ca. 20% bands showed deviation from parental additivity in both synthetic and t ... | 2005 | 16161630 |
| [genetic control of embryo lethality in crosses between common wheat and rye]. | the phenotypic manifestation and genetic control of embryo lethality observed in crosses between common wheat and rye were studied. it was found that crosses between common wheat and inbred self-fertile rye lines l2 and 535 gave rise to ungerminating grains, in which the development and differentiation of the hybrid embryo are arrested. study of the degree of embryo development in the hybrid grains obtained by crossing common wheat varieties with inbred rye lines l2 and 535 showed that genotypes ... | 2005 | 16161628 |
| [grain protein content in wheat: genetics of the character and some predictions for its improvement in common wheat]. | the results of studies on genetic control of the grain protein content character in common wheat and the attempts of its improvement using traditional breeding approaches and methods of experimental mutagenesis and introgressive hybridization are presented. the evolution of the views on the genetic structure of the character is considered. possible explanations are given to the fact that the attempts to significantly improve the character in question in common wheat cultivars have failed in spit ... | 2005 | 16161620 |
| microgravity effects on thylakoid, single leaf, and whole canopy photosynthesis of dwarf wheat. | the concept of using higher plants to maintain a sustainable life support system for humans during long-duration space missions is dependent upon photosynthesis. the effects of extended exposure to microgravity on the development and functioning of photosynthesis at the leaf and stand levels were examined onboard the international space station (iss). the pesto (photosynthesis experiment systems testing and operations) experiment was the first long-term replicated test to obtain direct measureme ... | 2005 | 16160842 |
| three-dimensional modelling of wheat endosperm development. | we have developed methods, based on confocal microscopy and three-dimensional (3d) modelling, for the analysis of complex tissues and individual nuclei. these methods were used to study the development of early wheat (triticum aestivum) endosperm as a whole and of endosperm nuclei undergoing polyploidization. fixed sections of immature caryopses were either stained with sytox green or used for fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) to visualize centromeres, telomeres and a rye chromosome arm ... | 2005 | 16159338 |
| comparative sequence analysis of the phytochrome c gene and its upstream region in allohexaploid wheat reveals new data on the evolution of its three constituent genomes. | bread wheat is an allohexaploid with genome composition aabbdd. phytochrome c is a gene involved in photomorphogenesis that has been used extensively for phylogenetic analyses. in wheat, the phyc genes are single copy in each of the three homoeologous genomes and map to orthologous positions on the long arms of the group 5 chromosomes. comparative sequence analysis of the three homoeologous copies of the wheat phyc gene and of some 5 kb of upstream region has demonstrated a high level of conserv ... | 2005 | 16158239 |
| application of a new ibd-based qtl mapping method to common wheat breeding population: analysis of kernel hardness and dough strength. | mapping quantitative trait loci (qtl) in plants is usually conducted using a population derived from a cross between two inbred lines. the power of such qtl detection and the estimation of the effects highly depend on the choice of the two parental lines. thus, the qtl found represent only a small part of the genetic architecture and can be of limited economical interest in marker-assisted selection. on the other hand, applied breeding programmes evaluate large numbers of progeny derived from mu ... | 2005 | 16142465 |
| chromosomal assignment and deletion mapping of barley est markers. | from about 10000 pcr-based est markers of barley we chose 1421 est markers that were demonstrated to be amplified differently by pcr between wheat (triticum aestivum cv. chinese spring) and barley (hordeum vulgare cv. betzes). we assigned them to the seven barley chromosomes (1h to 7h) by pcr analysis using a set of wheat-barley chromosome addition lines. we successfully assigned 701 (49.3%) est markers to the barley chromosomes: 75 to 1h, 127 to 2h, 119 to 3h, 94 to 4h, 108 to 5h, 81 to 6h and ... | 2005 | 16394587 |
| mapping quantitative trait loci controlling agronomic traits in the spring wheat cross rl4452x'ac domain'. | relatively little is known about the genetic control of agronomic traits in common wheat (triticum aestivum l.) compared with traits that follow mendelian segregation patterns. a doubled-haploid population was generated from the cross rl4452x'ac domain' to study the inheritance of the agronomic traits: plant height, time to maturity, lodging, grain yield, test weight, and 1000-grain weight. this cross includes the genetics of 2 western canadian wheat marketing classes. composite interval mapping ... | 2005 | 16391693 |
| molecular characterization and mapping of almt1, the aluminium-tolerance gene of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the major aluminum (al) tolerance gene in wheat almt1 confers. an al-activated efflux of malate from root apices. we determined the genomic structure of the almt1 gene and found it consists of 6 exons interrupted by 5 introns. sequencing a range of wheat genotypes identified 3 alleles for almt1, 1 of which was identical to the almt1 gene from an aegilops tauschii accession. the almt1 gene was mapped to chromosome 4dl using 'chinese spring' deletion lines, and loss of almt1 coincided with the los ... | 2005 | 16391684 |
| heteroplasmy and paternally oriented shift of the organellar dna composition in barley-wheat hybrids during backcrosses with wheat parents. | mitochondrial (mt) and chloroplast (ct) genome inheritance was studied in barley-wheat hybrids, as were their progenies obtained from backcrosses with different common wheat cultivars, by monitoring the composition of 4 mtdna (coxi, a 5'-flanking region of cob, nad3-orf156, and 5'-upstream region of 18s/5s) and 2 ctdna (simple-sequence repeat locus downstream of trns and a 3'-flanking region of rbcl) loci. in male sterile f1 and bc1 plants, maternal barley mtdna fragments were mainly detected an ... | 2005 | 16391682 |
| the efficacy of cot-based gene enrichment in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | we report the results of a study on the effectiveness of cot filtration (cf) in the characterization of the gene space of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), a large genome species (1c = 16,700 mb) of tremendous agronomic importance. using published cot data as a guide, 2 genomic libraries for hexaploid wheat were constructed from the single-stranded dna collected at cot values > 1188 and 1639 m x s. compared with sequences from a whole genome shotgun library from aegilops tauschii (the d genome ... | 2005 | 16391681 |
| molecular cytogenetic characterization of aegilops biuncialis and its use for the identification of 5 derived wheat-aegilops biuncialis disomic addition lines. | the aim of the experiments was to produce and identify different triticum aestivum-aegilops biuncialis disomic addition lines. to facilitate the exact identification of the ae. biuncialis chromosomes in these triticum aestivum-ae. biuncialis disomic additions, it was necessary to analyze the fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) pattern of ae. biuncialis (2n = 4x = 28, u(b)u(b)m(b)m(b)), comparing it with the diploid progenitors (aegilops umbellulata, 2n = 2x = 14, uu and aegilops comosa, 2n ... | 2005 | 16391676 |
| transferability of wheat microsatellites to diploid aegilops species and determination of chromosomal localizations of microsatellites in the s genome. | overall, 253 genomic wheat (triticum aestivum) microsatellite markers were studied for their transferability to the diploid species aegilops speltoides, aegilops longissima, and aegilops searsii, representing the s genome. in total, 88% of all the analyzed primer pairs of markers derived from the b genome of hexaploid wheat amplified dna fragments in the genomes of the studied species. the transferability of simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers of the t. aestivum a and d genomes totaled 74%. tri ... | 2005 | 16391665 |
| [the effect of phkl gene on homoeologous pairing of wheat-alien hybrids is situated between gene mutants of ph1 and ph2]. | in natural populations of common wheat landrace, there has a phkl gene promoting homoeologous pairing of wheat-alien hybrids. in this study, the effects were compared among phkl, ph1b, ph2a and ph2b on homoeologous pairing of wheat-alien hybrids. the effects were indicated as ph1b > phkl > ph2b > ph2a, i. e. phkl gene was situated between gene mutants of ph1 and ph2. | 2005 | 16378942 |
| analysis and mapping of randomly chosen bacterial artificial chromosome clones from hexaploid bread wheat. | the current view of wheat genome composition is that genes are compartmentalized into gene-rich and gene-poor regions. this model can be tested by analyzing randomly selected bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clones for gene content, followed by placement of these bacs onto physical and genetic maps. map localization could be difficult for bacs that consist entirely of repeated elements. we therefore developed a technique where repeat junctions are used to generate unique markers. four bac c ... | 2005 | 16357197 |
| [transmission of 5r chromosomes via gametes and its influence on spring bread wheat somatic embryoidogenesis in vitro]. | transmission of chromosomes 5r and 5a via gametes and its effect on somatic embryoidogenesis have been studied with the use of the model 5r(5a) substitution line l2837 = l503/secale cereale l., cultivar saratovskaya 5/l503, where l503 is a cultivar of spring bread wheat. it has been found that the frequencies of transmission of univalent chromosomes 5r and 5a determined in experiments on f1 reciprocal hybrids with cultivar saratovskaya 29 do not reflect their frequencies in the self-pollinated o ... | 2005 | 16396451 |
| [genetic analysis of anthocyanin of the anthers and culm pigmentation in common wheat]. | anthocyanin pigmentation of various organs develops during plant ontogeny in response to adverse and damaging abiotic and biotic stressors (environmental factors). using the monosome method, the genes responsible for anther and culm anthocyanin pigmentation (pan1 and pc2, respectively) were localized to 7d chromosome in introgressive lines from crosses between common wheat triticum aestivum l. and the species triticum timopheevii zhuk. genetic analysis of ten common wheat genotypes using testers ... | 2005 | 16316016 |
| alien dna introgression and wheat dna rearrangements in a stable wheat line derived from the early generation of distant hybridization. | polyploidy has been found to be common in plants. bread or common wheat (triticum aestivum l., 2n=42) is a good example of allopolyploid made up of three diploid genomes a, b and d. in recent years, by the study of mimicking the origination of common wheat, it was found that changes of dna sequence and gene expression occurred at the early stages of artificial allohexaploid between tetraploid wheat and aegilops tauschii, which was probably favorable to genetic diploidization of new synthetic hex ... | 2005 | 16315593 |
| [sequence analysis of alpha-amylase inhibitors genes with resistance to insects in wheat and aegilops]. | the alpha-amylase inhibitors have been proposed as possibly important weapons against pests. thus, it is of importance to identify the specificity of them. based on the est data of alpha-amylase inhibitor genes that were retrieved from ncbi, bbsrc and graingenes, two pcr primers were designed. the coding sequences of 24 kd dimeric alpha-amylase inhibitors with resistance to insects in 17 wheat and aegilops accessions were investigated and 17 new genes were obtained. only one 24 kd alpha-amylase ... | 2005 | 16285514 |
| variations in a hotspot region of chloroplast dnas among common wheat and aegilops revealed by nucleotide sequence analysis. | the second largest bamhi fragment (b2) of the chloroplast dna in triticum (wheat) and aegilops contains a highly variable region (a hotspot), resulting in four types of b2 of different size, i.e. b2l (10.5kb), b2m (10.2kb), b2 (9.6kb) and b2s (9.4kb). in order to gain a better understanding of the molecular nature of the variations in length and explain unexpected identity among b2 of ae. ovata, ae. speltoides and common wheat (t. aestivum), the nucleotide sequence between a stop codon of rbcl a ... | 2005 | 16284421 |
| cytological characteristics of f2 hybrids between triticum aestivum l. and t. durum desf. with reference to wheat breeding. | cytological and agronomic characteristics of a f2 population from triticum aestivum l. x t. durum desf. hybrids were analyzed plant by plant. means of morphologic traits in the f2 population were similar to those of the low-value parent. on average, f2 hybrids had 36.54 chromosomes per plant, indicating that each gamete lost 2.73 chromosomes at meiosis of the f1 generation. more than half of plants had 36-39 chromosomes, so male gametes with 19-21 chromosomes seemed to be superior to the others. ... | 2005 | 16278508 |
| pstiaflp based markers for leaf rust resistance genes in common wheat. | the aim of the present study was to detect candidate dna markers for selected leaf rust resistance genes. a total number of 286 loci in the 'thatcher' near-isogenic lines carrying resistance gene lr1, lr9, lr10, lr13, lr19, lr21, lr24, lr26, lr28, lr35, and lr37 were screened for dna polymorphism by the pstiaflp method. a survey with 33 selective primers yielded 16 candidate markers. further validation studies on cultivars characterized for the presence and absence of selected resistance genes c ... | 2005 | 16278507 |
| isolation of low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit genes from wild emmer wheat (triticum dicoccoides). | three low-molecular-weight glutenin subunit (lmw-gs) genes, designated lmw-td1, lmw-td2 and lmw-td3, were isolated from wild emmer wheat (triticum dicoccoides), which is the tetraploid progenitor of common wheat (t. aestivum). the complete nucleotide sequence lengths of lmw-td1, lmw-td2 and lmw-td3 are 858, 900 and 1062 bp, respectively. lmw-td1 and lmw-td3 can encode proteins with 284 and 352 amino acid residues, respectively, whereas lmw-td2 is a putative pseudogene due to the presence of 3 in ... | 2005 | 16278506 |
| isolation and characterization of 18 genes encoding alpha- and beta-expansins in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | expansins are thought to be key regulators of cell wall extension during plant growth. in this study, we isolated 18 expansin genes from wheat, nine of which encode alpha-expansins while the other nine code for beta-expansins. the cysteine-rich and tryptophan-rich regions of the deduced amino acid sequences of all 18 expansins were highly conserved. genomic sequences were obtained for 17 of the genes, and their intron patterns were determined. four (a, c, d, e) of the six intron positions known ... | 2005 | 16270219 |
| three genomes differentially contribute to the biosynthesis of benzoxazinones in hexaploid wheat. | hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum) accumulates benzoxazinones (bxs) as defensive compounds. previously, we found that five bx biosynthetic genes, tabx1-tabx5, are located on each of the three genomes (a, b, and d) of hexaploid wheat. in this study, we isolated three homoeologous cdnas of each tabx gene to estimate the contribution of individual homoeologous tabx genes to the biosynthesis of bxs in hexaploid wheat. we analyzed their transcript levels by homoeolog- or genome-specific quantitative ... | 2005 | 16260753 |
| [effects of environmental factors on cd biotoxicity and phytochelatins production in triticum aestivum]. | in this paper, a solution culture experiment was conducted to study the effects of environmental factors on cd biotoxicity and phytochelatins (pcs) production in wheat. the results showed that cd stress had significant inhibitory effects on wheat growth and pcs overproduction. the cd biotoxicity and cd uptake by wheat were affected in varying degrees by soil ph, ca and s, and the levels of pcs production in root were consistent with the changes of cd biotoxicity. furthermore, the cd biotoxicity ... | 2005 | 16252884 |
| genetic and biochemical analysis of common wheat cultivars lacking puroindoline a. | puroindoline a (pin-a) and puroindoline b (pin-b), two basic isoforms encoded by the pina-d1 and pinb-d1 loci respectively, involved in controlling grain texture in wheat, were isolated from starch granules of soft wheat cultivars using three different extraction procedures, and fractionated by acidic polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (a-page). tris buffer containing 1% triton x-114 extracted pin-a and small amounts of pin-b, whereas 1% sds preferably extracted pin-b. large amounts of both puro ... | 2005 | 15657742 |
| differential exudation of two benzoxazinoids--one of the determining factors for seedling allelopathy of triticeae species. | benzoxazinoids (bx) are natural phytotoxins that function as chemical defense compounds in several species. the release of bx by intact plant roots associated these compounds with root allelopathy in triticeae species; however, the significance of exudate concentrations of bx for plant-plant interactions is still a controversial question. a biological screening of 146 cultivars of four triticeae species (triticum aestivum l., triticum durum desf., triticum spelta l., and secale cereale l.) demon ... | 2005 | 15656658 |
| influence of the gibberellin-sensitive rht8 dwarfing gene on leaf epidermal cell dimensions and early vigour in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | the gibberellin-insensitive rht-b1b and rht-d1b dwarfing genes are known to reduce the size of cells in culms, leaves and coleoptiles of wheat. resulting leaf area development of gibberellin-insensitive wheats is poor compared to standard height (rht-b1a and rht-d1a) genotypes. alternative dwarfing genes to rht-b1b and rht-d1b are available that reduce plant height, such as the gibberellin-responsive rht8 gene. this study aims to investigate if rht8 has a similar dwarfing effect on the size of l ... | 2005 | 15655105 |
| characterization of est-derived microsatellites in the wheat genome and development of essr markers. | est-derived microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (essr) occur in expressed sequence tags (est). here we report characteristics of essrs in the wheat genome, construction of consensus chromosome bin maps of ssr-containing ests ((ssr)ests), and development of essr markers for the 21 wheat chromosomes. a perl script known as misa was used to identify essrs in wheat ests available in the database http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/cgi-bin/ace/search/west ). among 492,832 ests from the database, 36,520 ( ... | 2005 | 15650880 |
| distribution and remobilization of iron and copper in wheat. | the amount of iron (fe) and copper (cu) that is loaded into grains of wheat (triticum aestivum) depends on both the amount of nutrient taken up by the plant post-anthesis and the amount that is remobilized from vegetative organs as they senesce. previous reports have shown that these two micronutrients behave quite differently in wheat in that cu is readily remobilized to the grain whilst fe shows poor remobilization. the object was to quantify the distribution of fe and cu in wheat and to show ... | 2005 | 15701664 |
| [variation of betaine and proline contents in wheat seedlings under salt stress]. | glycine betaine (gb) and proline contents of leaf and root were simultaneously determined by hplc-esi-ms at seedling stage in the three wheat (triticum aestivum l.) varieties (salt tolerance from high to low), sw12, ningchun no.4 and chinese spring (c.s) under 5 different salt stress levels. the gb contents among sw12, ningchun no.4 and c.s were found outstanding difference by anova (p<0.01) and consistent with salt tolerance in wheat. proline contents were not different among 3 wheat varieties ... | 2005 | 15692186 |
| [functional analysis of vernalization-related gene ver17 in flower development using antisense rna strategy in winter wheat]. | to understand the function of vernalization-related gene ver17 in winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. jingdong no.1), an antisense rna strategy was used. the antisense ver17 with a vector pbi121 was constructed and transformed into winter wheat by using the pollen-tube-pathway method. fourteen independent transgenic plants transformed with antisense ver17 and five control transformants transformed with pbi121 blank vector were obtained and confirmed by gus histochemical assay and pcr-southern ... | 2005 | 15692181 |
| wheat genetic diversity trends during domestication and breeding. | it has been claimed that plant breeding reduces genetic diversity in elite germplasm which could seriously jeopardize the continued ability to improve crops. the main objective of this study was to examine the loss of genetic diversity in spring bread wheat during (1) its domestication, (2) the change from traditional landrace cultivars (lcs) to modern breeding varieties, and (3) 50 years of international breeding. we studied 253 cimmyt or cimmyt-related modern wheat cultivars, lcs, and triticum ... | 2005 | 15690175 |
| large deletions within the first intron in vrn-1 are associated with spring growth habit in barley and wheat. | the broad adaptability of wheat and barley is in part attributable to their flexible growth habit, in that spring forms have recurrently evolved from the ancestral winter growth habit. in diploid wheat and barley growth habit is determined by allelic variation at the vrn-1 and/or vrn-2 loci, whereas in the polyploid wheat species it is determined primarily by allelic variation at vrn-1. dominant vrn-a1 alleles for spring growth habit are frequently associated with mutations in the promoter regio ... | 2005 | 15690172 |
| mapping of gluten t-cell epitopes in the bread wheat ancestors: implications for celiac disease. | celiac disease is a prevalent disorder characterized by a chronic intestinal inflammation driven by hla-dq2 or -dq8-restricted t cells specific for ingested wheat gluten peptides. the dominant t-cell responses are to epitopes that cluster within a stable 33mer fragment formed by physiologic digestion of distinct alpha-gliadins. celiac disease is treated by excluding all gluten proteins from the diet. conceivably, a diet based on baking-quality gluten from a wheat species that expresses no or few ... | 2005 | 15685550 |
| characterization of b- and c-type low molecular weight glutenin subunits by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. | low molecular weight glutenin subunits (lmw-gs) are typically subdivided into three groups, according to their molecular weights and isoelectric points, namely the b-, c-, and d groups. enriched b- and c-type lmw-gs fractions extracted from the bread wheat cultivar chinese spring were characterized using high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) directly interfaced with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and hplc coupled off-line with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass s ... | 2005 | 15682464 |
| the transcript composition of egg cells changes significantly following fertilization in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | here, we report the transcript profile of wheat egg cells and proembryos, just after the first cell division. microdissected female gametophytes of wheat were used to isolate eggs and two-celled proembryos to construct cell type-specific cdna libraries. in total, 1197 expressed sequence tags (ests) were generated. analysis of these ests revealed numerous novel transcripts. in egg cells, 17.6% of the clustered ests represented novel transcripts, while 11.4% novel clusters were identified in the t ... | 2005 | 15703054 |
| mitotic instability in wheat x thinopyrum ponticum derivatives revealed by chromosome counting, nuclear dna content and histone h3 phosphorylation pattern. | to evaluate the mitotic stability of triticum aestivum x thinopyrum ponticum derivatives (bc(2)f(7) and bc(2)f(5) doubled haploids), chromosome counting by both conventional and immunostaining techniques, and measurement of dna content were performed. the wheat progenitor line, pf 839197, the wheat recurrent parent cep 19 and the control chinese spring were also investigated. in the hybrid derivatives, chromosome number ranged from 2n=36 to 60, with a predominance of chromosome numbers higher th ... | 2005 | 15812661 |
| phyto-availability and speciation change of heavy metals in soils amended with lignin as micro-fertilizer. | lignin is a primary byproduct from the black liquor treatment in paper making industries, its application as micro-fertilizer in agricultural land might provide a promising alternative to sewage discharge. however, application of such a micro-fertilizer might affect the soil properties and result in soil pollution. in this study, the effects of lignin application on phyto-availability and speciation change of heavy metals in soils were investigated. greenhouse experiments showed that lignin appl ... | 2005 | 16089340 |
| effects of a soil conditioner on some physical and biological features of soils: results from a greenhouse study. | a soil amendment substance-organic bio-stimulator, terralyt plus (tp), was used to observe its impact on the properties of clay loam (cl), sandy clay loam (scl) and sandy loam (sl) soils and the growth of corn (zea mays indentata l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum ssp./vulgare vill. v. lutescens) under greenhouse conditions. the diluted tp solutions (1:500, 1:1000 and 1:2000) were sprayed onto the soil surfaces. the wheat growth increased for cl and scl with the application of tp at 1:1000. the hi ... | 2005 | 16084376 |
| the wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaf proteome. | the wheat leaf proteome was mapped and partially characterized to function as a comparative template for future wheat research. in total, 404 proteins were visualized, and 277 of these were selected for analysis based on reproducibility and relative quantity. using a combination of protein and expressed sequence tag database searching, 142 proteins were putatively identified with an identification success rate of 51%. the identified proteins were grouped according to their functional annotations ... | 2005 | 15800971 |
| proton nmr transverse relaxation time and membrane stability in wheat leaves exposed to high temperature shock. | electrolyte leakage from leaves and nmr transverse relaxation time (t2) of leaf water were used to differentiate between heat-tolerant (niaw 845) and susceptible (hd 2428) wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cultivars. the leaves were exposed to high temperature shock in the range 30 to 55 degrees c and the damage caused, when evaluated by the two approaches was in close agreement. the critical temperature of injury leading to loss of membrane integrity was lower (39.1 degrees c) for susceptible cultiv ... | 2005 | 23923573 |
| spelt (triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) as a source of breadmaking flours and bran naturally enriched in oleic acid and minerals but not phytic acid. | the nutritional value of breadmaking cereal spelt (triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) is said to be higher than that of common wheat (triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare), but this traditional view is not substantiated by scientific evidence. in an attempt to clarify this issue, wholemeal and milling fractions (sieved flour, fine bran, and coarse bran) from nine dehulled spelt and five soft winter wheat samples were compared with regard to their lipid, fatty acid, and mineral contents. in addition, tocop ... | 2005 | 15796621 |
| effects of interactions between cadmium and zinc on phytochelatin and glutathione production in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | it has been proposed that phytochelatins (pcs) act as a biomarker for the evaluation of metal toxicity. little attention has been paid to the effects on metal combinations and glutathione (gsh), the most abundant cellular thiol. in the present study the effects of interactions between cadmium (cd) and zinc (zn) on pc and gsh production were examined in wheat tissue over 14 days' exposure. the results showed that the presence of zn alleviated cd toxicity, accompanied by a reduction of cd uptake. ... | 2005 | 15793816 |
| the identification of foam-forming soluble proteins from wheat (triticum aestivum) dough. | proteomic methods have been used to identify foam-forming soluble proteins from dough that may play an important role in stabilising gas bubbles in dough, and hence influence the crumb structure of bread. proteins from a soluble fraction of dough (dough liquor) or dough liquor foam have been separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and 42 identified using a combination of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight and quadrupole-time of flight analyses. major polypeptide ... | 2005 | 15789342 |
| development of snp assays for genotyping the puroindoline b gene for grain hardness in wheat using pyrosequencing. | grain hardness is one of the most important quality characteristics of cultivated bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and has been reported to result from either a failure to express puroindoline a (pina) or single-nucleotide mutations in puroindoline b (pinb). up to now, seven alleles from pinb-d1a to pinb-d1g were identified in bread wheat. compared to the dna coding region of pinb-d1a (allele for softness), six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) were detected in six alleles for pinb-d1. in ... | 2005 | 15769137 |
| oxidative stress and phytochelatin characterisation in bread wheat exposed to cadmium excess. | in this work, we first investigated if the bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cv. albimonte can be defined as "shoot cadmium excluder"--by comparing the cadmium (cd) content in leaves and roots and by calculating the shoot-to-root cd concentration ratio. furthermore, we evaluated if the exposure to cd excess could generate oxidative stress in leaves and roots of this cv., in terms of hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) accumulation, nad(p)h oxidation rate, and variations in reduced glutathione (gsh) co ... | 2005 | 15763665 |
| prediction of zinc, cadmium, lead, and copper availability to wheat in contaminated soils using chemical speciation, diffusive gradients in thin films, extraction, and isotopic dilution techniques. | to predict the availability of metals to plants, it is important to understand both solution- and solid-phase processes in the soil, including the kinetics of metal release from its binding agent (ligand and/or particle). the present study examined the speciation and availability of zn, cd, pb, and cu in a range of well-equilibrated metal-contaminated soils from diverse sources using several techniques as a basis for predicting metal uptake by plants. wheat (triticum aestivum l.) was grown in 13 ... | 2005 | 15758102 |
| synaptic behaviour of hexaploid wheat haploids with different effectiveness of the diploidizing mechanism. | haploids of three cultivars of triticum aestivum (thatcher, chris, and chinese spring) were obtained from crosses with zea mays. the level of chromosome pairing at metaphase i and the synaptic behaviour at prophase i was studied. there were differences in the meiotic behaviour of the haploids from different cultivars. thatcher and chris haploids had significantly higher levels of pairing at metaphase i than chinese spring haploids. this metaphase i pairing was correlated with higher levels of sy ... | 2005 | 15753579 |
| chromosome organization in wheat endosperm and embryo. | we have analysed the chromosome organization in endosperm and embryo of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.), in order to compare these tissues with developing anthers, in which the centromeres associate, and the developing root xylem vessel cells, in which the chromosomes endoreduplicate to become polytene and associate via their centromeres. both endosperm and embryo showed a typical rabl configuration and a degree of non-homologous centromere association and the endosperm also showed extensive ... | 2005 | 15753574 |
| biomonitoring of air pollution in a seasonally dry tropical suburban area using wheat transplants. | air pollution has been identified as a serious problem throughout the world which causes tremendous loss to the crops by affecting plant growth and yield. earlier, air pollution was restricted to urban and industrial regions. over the last few decades, however, it has become evident that pollutants can be transported over long distances and hence their impact may be felt widely over rural areas. the present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of urban air pollution on suburban agriculture ... | 2005 | 15736874 |
| a new intervarietal linkage map and its application for quantitative trait locus analysis of "gigas" features in bread wheat. | a doubled-haploid (dh) population from an intervarietal cross between the japanese cultivar 'fukuho-komugi' and the israeli wheat line 'oligoculm' was produced by means of wheat x maize crosses. one hundred seven dh lines were genotyped to construct a simple sequence repeat (ssr) based linkage map with rflp, rapd, and inter-simple sequence repeat markers. out of 570 loci genotyped, 330 were chosen based on their positions on the linkage map to create a "framework" map for quantitative trait locu ... | 2005 | 15729398 |
| a high-density genetic map of hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.) from the cross chinese spring x sq1 and its use to compare qtls for grain yield across a range of environments. | a population of 96 doubled haploid lines (dhls) was prepared from f1 plants of the hexaploid wheat cross chinese spring x sq1 (a high abscisic acid-expressing breeding line) and was mapped with 567 rflp, aflp, ssr, morphological and biochemical markers covering all 21 chromosomes, with a total map length of 3,522 cm. although the map lengths for each genome were very similar, the d genome had only half the markers of the other two genomes. the map was used to identify quantitative trait loci (qt ... | 2005 | 15719212 |
| partial sequences of nitrogen metabolism genes in hexaploid wheat. | our objective was to partially sequence genes controlling nitrogen metabolism in wheat species in order to find sequence polymorphism that would enable their mapping. primers were designed for nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamate synthase (gogat), and gene fragments were amplified on triticum aestivum, t. durum, t. monococcum, t. speltoides and t. tauschii. we obtained more than 8 kb of gene sequences, mainly as coding regions (60%). polymorphism was quanti ... | 2005 | 15714330 |
| alteration of the embryo transcriptome of hexaploid winter wheat (triticum aestivum cv. mercia) during maturation and germination. | grain dormancy and germination are areas of biology that are of considerable interest to the cereal community. we have used a 9,155-feature wheat unigene cdna microarray resource to investigate changes in the wheat embryo transcriptome during late grain development and maturation and during the first 48 h of postimbibition germination. in the embryo 392 mrnas accumulated by twofold or greater over the time course from 21 days postanthesis (dpa) to 40 dpa and on through 1 and 2 days postgerminati ... | 2005 | 15714317 |
| genetic variability in triticale x bread wheat derivatives under normal and phosphorus stress regimes. | twenty six hexaploid triticale (x triticosecale wittmack) x bread wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell) derivatives, along with 2 bread wheat and 2 triticale checks, were grown in normal and p-stress environments. spikes/plant and grain yield/plant, followed by peduncle length, were the most sensitive to phosphorus deficiency, which also caused a delay in heading and maturity. the heritability and genetic advance for grain yield/plant were high in the stress environment, reflecting the effective ... | 2005 | 16114468 |
| genetics of durable resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust of an indian wheat cultivar hd2009. | the indian bread wheat cultivar hd2009 has maintained its partial resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust in india since its release in 1976. to examine the nature, number and mode of inheritance of its genes for partial leaf rust and stripe rust resistance, this cultivar was crossed with cultivar wl711, which is susceptible to leaf rust and stripe rust. the f1, f2, f3 and f5 generations from this cross were assessed separately for adult plant disease severity under artificial epidemic of race 7 ... | 2005 | 16110181 |
| origin, structure, and behavior of a highly rearranged deletion chromosome 1bs-4 in wheat. | wheat (triticum aestivum l.) deletion (del) stocks are valuable tools for the physical mapping of molecular markers and genes to chromosome bins delineated by 2 adjacent deletion breakpoints. the wheat deletion stocks were produced by using gametocidal genes derived from related aegilops species. here, we report on the origin, structure, and behavior of a highly rearranged chromosome 1bs-4. the cytogenetic and molecular marker analyses suggest that 1bs-4 resulted from 2 breakpoints in the 1bs ar ... | 2005 | 16094425 |
| microsatellite markers linked to 2 powdery mildew resistance genes introgressed from triticum carthlicum accession ps5 into common wheat. | two dominant powdery mildew resistance genes introduced from triticum carthlicum accession ps5 to common wheat were identified and tagged using microsatellite markers. the gene designated pmps5a was placed on wheat chromosome 2al and linked to the microsatellite marker xgwm356 at a genetic distance of 10.2 cm. based on the information of its origin, chromosome location, and reactions to 5 powdery mildew isolates, this gene could be a member of the complex pm4 locus. the 2nd gene designated pmps5 ... | 2005 | 16094424 |
| accumulation and fractionation of rare earth elements (rees) in wheat: controlled by phosphate precipitation, cell wall absorption and solution complexation. | previous studies on rare earth element (ree) bioaccumulation have focused on their accumulation rate and fractionation, but the processes involved remain unclear. in this study, the accumulation and fractionation of rees in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) were investigated using solution culture with exogenous mixed rees. a decrease in ree contents was observed from the roots to the tops of wheat. significant fractionations of rees were found in wheat organs as compared to the exogenous mixed rees. ... | 2005 | 16131504 |
| effect of water stress and heavy metals on induction of somatic embryogenesis in wheat leaf base cultures. | in vitro cultures of plant tissues are known to mimic the response of field-grown plants when subjected to stress treatments. this investigation on triticum aestivum explores the effect of drought stress on somatic embryogenesis and endogenous proline content. leaf bases were cultured on ms medium supplemented with 2,4-d (10 microm) and different concentrations of peg (2.5, 5, 7.5%) or mannitol (0.25 and 0.5 m) and also subjected to different periods of aerial drying in the laminar flow for one- ... | 2005 | 16121718 |
| structure of aegilops ventricosa chromosome 6nv, the donor of wheat genes yr17, lr37, sr38, and cre5. | an aegilops ventricosa tausch (2n = 28, dvdvnvnv) subtelocentric chromosome added to wheat (triticum aestivum l.) in a disomic addition line was found to carry the genes for resistance yr17, lr37, sr38, and cre5 already transferred onto chromosome 2as of the wheat line vpm1. previous works demonstrated that this ae. ventricosa chromosome is translocated with respect to the standard wheat genome. the present investigations showed that this chromosome pre-existed in ae. ventricosa and contains onl ... | 2005 | 16121250 |
| expression analysis and physical mapping of low-molecular-weight glutenin loci in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | gliadins and glutenins are storage proteins important in determining the bread-, noodle-, and pasta-making quality of wheat. glutenins consist of hmw and lmw subunits. the glu-a3, glu-b3, and glu-d3 loci on the short arms of chromosomes 1a, 1b, and 1d, respectively, are the major loci for lmw glutenins. to construct physical maps of the glu-3 loci, a set of 24 high-density filters representing a 3.1x genome coverage hexaploid wheat bac library was screened by hybridization using a probe made of ... | 2005 | 16121237 |
| [analysis of inheritance of morphological and biochemical characters introgressed into common wheat from aegilops speltoides tausch]. | genetic control of some morphological traits and the gliadin composition were examined in plants of two lines of common wheat carrying genes introgressed from the wild diploid cereal aegilops speltoides. leaf hairiness was shown to be controlled by a single introgressed dominant gene that was not allelic to the known common wheat gene hl1. waxlessness of the whole plant is controlled by the introgressed from ae. speltoides inhibitor gene allelic to gene w1 located on chromosome 2b. this gene was ... | 2005 | 16080604 |
| [features of crossability, haploidy and polyembryony in hybrid combinations between common barley hordeum vulgare l. (2n = 14) and wheat-rye substitution lines triticum aestivum l., cultivar saratovskaya 29/secale cereale l., cultivar onokhoiskaya]. | the role of individual chromosomes of rye in the manifestation of crossability and seedling development in hybrid combinations between common barley hordeum vulgare l., cultivar nepolegayushchii (2n = 14) and five wheat-rye substitution lines triticum aestivum l., cultivar saratovskaya 29/secale cereale l., cultivar onokhoiskaya (2n = 40 wheat + 2 rye chromosomes). crossability, which was measured by two parameters--frequency of set grains and frequency of grains with embryos--was shown to be si ... | 2005 | 16080603 |
| [genetic analysis and molecular markers of a novel stripe rust resistance gene yrhua in wheat originated from psathyrostachys huashanica keng]. | the h9020-17-5,a common wheat-psathyrostachys huashanica keng translocation line, possesses excellent resistance to wheat stripe rust. genetic analysis of f2 and bc1 populations derived from h9020-17-5 x mingxian169 indicated that resistance to stripe rust in h9020-17-5 was a dominant character controlling by single gene originated from ps. huashanica. this resistance gene originated from ps. huashanica was first reported in the present study and named as yrhua. in order to map the resistance ge ... | 2005 | 16078743 |
| development of taxon-specific sequences of common wheat for the detection of genetically modified wheat. | qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) systems aimed at the specific detection and quantification of common wheat dna are described. many countries have issued regulations to label foods that include genetically modified organisms (gmos). pcr technology is widely recognized as a reliable and useful technique for the qualitative and quantitative detection of gmos. detection methods are needed to amplify a target gm gene, and the amplified results should be compared with thos ... | 2005 | 16076109 |
| uniparental chromosome elimination at mitosis and interphase in wheat and pearl millet crosses involves micronucleus formation, progressive heterochromatinization, and dna fragmentation. | complete uniparental chromosome elimination occurs in several interspecific hybrids of plants. we studied the mechanisms underlying selective elimination of the paternal chromosomes during the development of wheat (triticum aestivum) x pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum) hybrid embryos. all pearl millet chromosomes were eliminated in a random sequence between 6 and 23 d after pollination. parental genomes were spatially separated within the hybrid nucleus, and pearl millet chromatin destined for e ... | 2005 | 16055632 |
| cloning of resistance gene analogs located on the alien chromosome in an addition line of wheat-thinopyrum intermedium. | homology-based gene/gene-analog cloning method has been extensively applied in isolation of rgas (resistance gene analogs) in various plant species. however, serious interference of sequences on homoeologous chromosomes in polyploidy species usually occurred when cloning rgas in a specific chromosome. in this research, the techniques of chromosome microdissection combined with homology-based cloning were used to clone rgas from a specific chromosome of wheat-thinopyrum alien addition line tai-27 ... | 2005 | 16044269 |
| zinc and copper uptake by plants under two transpiration rates. part i. wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | to evaluate the environmental risk of irrigating crops with treated wastewater, an experiment was conducted using two growth chambers, each offering a different vapour pressure deficit (vpd) for high and low transpiration rates (tr), respectively. one of the two sets of 24 pots planted with 6 week old wheat (triticum aestivum l.), was placed in each growth chamber, and irrigated in triplicates for 20 days with 8 zn and cu solutions (0 and 25 mg zn/l combined with 0, 5, 15 and 30 mg cu/l). water ... | 2005 | 16043273 |
| synthesis and screening of anilides having olefinic and alkyl moiety in the side chain as chemical hybridizing agents for wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | induction of male sterility by deployment of chemical hybridizing agents (chas) holds immense potential in heterosis breeding of wheat. a total of 21 anilides having different aromatic substitutions and side-chain variation were synthesized and screened as chas on three genotypes of wheat viz., pbw 343, hw 2046, and hd 2733, at winter season. various anilides having vinyl moiety in the acyl side chain were synthesized by condensation between substituted anilines with different esters or acid chl ... | 2005 | 16028981 |
| bioactivity of the fungal metabolite (8r,16r)-(-)-pyrenophorin on graminaceous plants. | a secondary metabolite was isolated from cultures of a drechslera avenae pathotype with host specificity to avena sterilis and identified as the macrodiolide (8r,16r)-(-)-pyrenophorin (8,16-dimethyl-1,9-dioxa-cyclohexadeca-3,11-diene-2,5,10,13-tetraone). a considerable yield of the substance was obtained after 8-12 days of incubation at temperatures of 15-20 degrees c. the compound at a concentration of 60 microm inhibited seed germination of wild oats (avena sterilis, a. fatua), oat (a. sativa) ... | 2005 | 16028978 |
| the wheat tagi1, involved in photoperiodic flowering, encodes an arabidopsis gi ortholog. | wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is an important crop and requires long day and short night to flower. to study the molecular mechanism of photoperiodic regulation of flowering in this species, we isolated a wheat tagi1 gene, an ortholog of gigantea (gi) in arabidopsis. rna blot hybridization revealed that tagi1 is expressed in leaves in a rhythmic manner under long day and short day conditions and its rhythmic expression is regulated by photoperiods and circadian clocks. further study demonstrated ... | 2005 | 16028116 |
| spatial and temporal distribution of induced resistance to greenbug (homoptera: aphididae) herbivory in preconditioned resistant and susceptible near isogenic plants of wheat. | interactions between biotype e greenbugs, schizaphis graminum (rodani), and two near isogenic lines of the greenbug resistance gene gb3 of wheat, triticum aestivum l., were examined for 62 d after infestation. by comparing aphid performance and host responses on control and greenbug-preconditioned plants, we demonstrated that systemic resistance to greenbug herbivory was inducible in the resistant genotype with varying intensities and effectiveness in different parts of the plants. preconditioni ... | 2005 | 16022335 |
| identification of differentially expressed genes in leaf and root between wheat hybrid and its parental inbreds using pcr-based cdna subtraction. | heterosis was defined as the advantage of hybrid performance over its parents in terms of growth and productivity. previous studies showed that differential gene expression between hybrids and their parents is responsible for the heterosis; however, information on systematic identification and characterization of the differentially expressed genes are limited. in this study, an interspecific hybrid between common wheat (triticum aestivum. l., 2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) line 3338 and spelt (triticum s ... | 2005 | 16021401 |
| inducing rye 1r chromosome structural changes in common wheat cv. chinese spring by the gametocidal chromosome 2c of aegilops cylindrica. | to generate 1 r deletion and translocation lines, we introduced a 2c chromosome,which was derived from aegilops cylindrica and was known to have a gametocidal function when added monosomically into common wheat cv. chinese spring (cs) and its derivative, into a wheat-rye 1r chromosome disomic addition line (cs-1r"). when the individuals with chromosome constitution 21" + 1r" + 2c' (2n = 45) were selfed, the 1r chromosome structural changes were found to be induced with high frequency (24.1%) amo ... | 2005 | 16018259 |
| [comparative analysis of genetic diversity revealed by genomic-ssr, est-ssr and pedigree in wheat (triticum asetivum l.)]. | two ssr molecular markers, genomic-ssr and est (expressed sequence tagged)-ssr, were used to measure the genetic diversity among 18 accessions of common wheat with known pedigrees, which were collected from winter wheat production region in northern china. in addtion, the genetic diversity revealed by pedigree, est-ssr and genomic-ssr was also compared. the results showed that the average number of alleles per genomic-ssr locus is 3.34, which is higher than that of est-ssr (2.31), indicating tha ... | 2005 | 16011033 |
| [on antimutagenesis mechanism in plants]. | the effect of nitrosylmethylurea (nmu) on the mitotic index and the frequency of cells with aberrations, as well as the effects of pre- and posttreatment with antioxidant ambiol on the nmu effects were studied on seedlings of common winter wheat triticum aestivum, cultivar moskovskaya 39. both pre- and posttreatment with ambiol resulted in antimutagenic effect but after posttreatment, the effect was lower. irrespective of type of seedling treatment with ambiol and the time of their fixation (45, ... | 2005 | 15977820 |
| investigation on dynamic changes of photosynthetic characteristics of 10 wheat (triticum aestivum l.) genotypes during two vegetative-growth stages at water deficits. | drought is a worldwide problem, seriously influencing plant (crop) productivity. wheat is a stable food for 35% of the world population, and moreover, about 60% of land area on the globe belongs to arid and semiarid zone. wheat drought resistance is a multi-gene controlling quantitative character and wheat final production in field is realized mainly by physiological regulation under the condition of multi-environmental factor interaction. exploring drought resistance physiological mechanisms fo ... | 2005 | 15975772 |
| molecular mapping of gibberellin-responsive dwarfing genes in bread wheat. | opportunities exist for replacing reduced height (rht) genes rht-b1b and rht-d1b with alternative dwarfing genes for bread wheat improvement. in this study, the chromosomal locations of several height-reducing genes were determined by screening populations of recombinant inbred lines or doubled haploid lines varying for plant height with microsatellite markers. linked markers were found for rht5 (on chromosome 3bs), rht12 (5al) and rht13 (7bs), which accounted for most of the phenotypic variance ... | 2005 | 15968526 |
| microgravity does not alter plant stand gas exchange of wheat at moderate light levels and saturating co2 concentration. | plant stand gas exchange was measured nondestructively in microgravity during the photosynthesis experiment subsystem testing and operations experiment conducted onboard the international space station. rates of evapotranspiration and photosynthesis measured in space were compared with ground controls to determine if microgravity directly affects whole-stand gas exchange of triticum aestivum. during six 21-day experiment cycles, evapotranspiration was determined continuously from water addition ... | 2005 | 15968511 |
| probing the cell wall heterogeneity of micro-dissected wheat caryopsis using both active and inactive forms of a gh11 xylanase. | the external envelope of wheat grain (triticum aestivum l. cv. isengrain) is a natural composite whose tissular and cellular heterogeneity constitute a significant barrier for enzymatic cell wall disassembly. to better understand the way in which the cell wall network and tissular organization hamper enzyme penetration, we have devised a strategy based on in situ visualization of an active and an inactive form of a xylanase in whole-wheat bran and in three micro-dissected layers (the outer bran, ... | 2005 | 15965663 |
| selective transport of zinc, manganese, nickel, cobalt and cadmium in the root system and transfer to the leaves in young wheat plants. | the uptake, translocation and redistribution of the heavy metals zinc, manganese, nickel, cobalt and cadmium are relevant for plant nutrition as well as for the quality of harvested plant products. the long-distance transport of these heavy metals within the root system and the release to the shoot in young wheat (triticum aestivum 'arina') plants were investigated. | 2005 | 15965269 |
| [fragment length polymorphism of wx-b1 gene digested by bamhi and its relation to amylose content of wheat]. | there are two types of starch, amylose and amylopectin of flour. amylose content (ac) is significantly negatively correlated with noodle quality. the waxy gene (wx) encodes the granule-bound starch synthase (gbss, ec 3.4.1.11), or wx protein, is responsible for the synthesis of amylose in wheat. common wheat is allohexaploid, it has three different wx proteins: wx-a1, wx-b1, and wx-d1. consequently, amylose content and pasting properties of starch were influenced by the lack of the wx-b1 protein ... | 2005 | 15961901 |
| analysis of recombination and gene distribution in the 2l1.0 region of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.). | both wheat and barley belong to tribe triticeae and are closely related. high-density detailed comparison of physical and genetic linkage maps revealed that wheat genes are present in physically small gene-rich regions (grrs). one of the largest grrs is located around fraction length 1.0 of the long arm of wheat homoeologous group 2 chromosomes termed the "2l1.0 region." the main objective of this study was to analyze the structural and functional organization of the 2l1.0 region in barley in co ... | 2005 | 15953539 |
| isolation and expression analysis of genes encoding dna methyltransferase in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | dna methylation of cytosine residues, catalyzed by dna methyltransferases, is suggested to play important roles in regulating gene expression and plant development. in this study, we isolated four wheat cdna fragments and one cdna with open reading frame encoding putative dna methyltransferase and designated tamet1, tamet2a, tamet2b, tacmt, tamet3, respectively. blastx searches and phylogenetic analysis suggested that five cdnas belonged to four classes (dnmt1, dnmt2, cmt and dnmt3) of dna methy ... | 2005 | 15946751 |
| some structural properties of plant serine:glyoxylate aminotransferase? | the structural properties of photorespiratory serine:glyoxylate aminotransferases (sgat, ec 2.6.1.45) from maize (zea mays l.) and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) leaves were examined. by means of molecular sieving on zorbax se-250 column and filtration through centrifugal filters it was shown that dimers of wheat enzyme (molecular mass of about 90 kda) dissociate into component monomers (molecular mass of about 45 kda) upon decrease in ph value (from 9.1 or 7.0 to 6.5). at ph 9.1 a 50-fold decreas ... | 2005 | 15940352 |
| changes in spectral reflectance of wheat leaves in response to specific macronutrient deficiency. | in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) plants, deficiency of an essential element may drastically affect growth, appearance, and most importantly yield. wheat, the focus of this study, is one of the crops studied in the celss program. information about nutrient deficiencies in crops grown in controlled environment is essential to optimize food productivity. the main objective of this study was to determine whether deficiency of nitrogen (n), phosphorus (p), potassium (k), calcium (ca) and magnesium (m) ... | 2005 | 15934211 |
| introgression of the haynaldia villosa genome into gamma-ray-induced asymmetric somatic hybrids of wheat. | to study the effect of gamma-ray treatment on donor and derived somatic hybrids, we carried out gamma-ray donor treatment experiments with a wide range of gamma-ray dosages and asymmetric somatic hybridization between protoplasts of wheat (triticum aestivum l. jinan 177) and protoplasts of haynaldia villosa schur. treated with different dosages of gamma-rays (40, 60 and 80 gy, respectively). we first screened the putative hybrids by isozyme analysis, followed by characterization of nuclear and o ... | 2005 | 15933881 |
| 137cs-uptake into wheat (triticum vulgare) plants from five representative soils of bangladesh. | a pot experiment was conducted to study the uptake of 137cs by wheat grown in five representative soils of bangladesh having different soil characteristics. artificial application of 137cs increased the activity in soils up to 45.9 bq/kg soil, measured at the end of the harvest of wheat crop. different plant parts had different ability to accumulate 137cs. grains had the least activity and transfer factor, while the highest activity and lowest transfer factor were measured in roots, which restri ... | 2005 | 15931978 |
| organic acid secretion as a mechanism of aluminium resistance: a model incorporating the root cortex, epidermis, and the external unstirred layer. | the resistance of some plants to al (aluminium or aluminum) has been attributed to the secretion of al(3+)-binding organic acid (oa) anions from the al-sensitive root tips. evidence for the 'oa secretion hypothesis' of resistance is substantial, but the mode of action remains unknown because the oa secretion appears to be too small to reduce adequately the activity of al(3+) at the root surface. in this study a mechanism for the reduction of al(3+) at the root surface and just beneath the epider ... | 2005 | 15928019 |