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fabrication and biosensing with cnt/aligned mesostructured silica core-shell nanowires.we report the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (cnts)/mesostructured silica core-shell nanowires via an interfacial surfactant templating approach. the nanowires possess perpendicularly aligned and uniform accessible mesopores, high surface area and large pore volume. when dimethyl sulfoxide reductase (dmsor) enzyme is immobilized on the core-shell nanowires, the complex can enhance the electrical communication between the active sites of the enzyme and the electrode surface in the presence of a me ...201020873810
nonhealing wound due to rhodococcus equi in an apparently immunocompetent patient, revealing cd8+ t-lymphocyte deficiency.we describe a case of a nonhealing wound due to rhodococcus equi. failure of the wound to heal led to immunological investigations and the discovery of a previously unknown cd8+ t-lymphocyte deficit responsible for the chronic infection. the infection was cured after a 3-month course of a combination of antibiotics.201020881171
unique biogenesis of high-molecular mass multimeric metalloenzyme nitrile hydratase: intermediates and a proposed mechanism for self-subunit swapping maturation.rhodococcus rhodochrous j1 produces high- and low-molecular mass nitrile hydratases (h-nhase and l-nhase, respectively), depending on the inducer. the incorporation of cobalt into l-nhase has been found to depend on the α-subunit exchange between cobalt-free l-nhase (apo-l-nhase) and its cobalt-containing mediator, nhlae (holo-nhlae), this novel mode of post-translational maturation having been named self-subunit swapping and nhle having been recognized as a self-subunit swapping chaperone. we d ...201020886813
characterization of arcanobacterium abortisuis by phenotypic properties and by sequencing the 16s-23s rdna intergenic spacer region.the present study was designed to characterize phenotypically and genotypically nine arcanobacterium abortisuis strains collected from specimen of pigs in a period of nine years. all nine a. abortisuis strains and a. abortisuis reference strain dsm 19515 displayed a synergistic hemolytic reaction with staphylococcus aureus β-hemolysin, rhodococcus equi, and arcanobacterium haemolyticum indicator strains and showed the typical biochemical properties of this species. the species identity could be ...201020926209
[cloning, sequencing and identification of replication origin of rhodococcus linear plasmid pnsl1].two linear plasmids, pnsl1 and pnsl1, were detected from rhodocuccus sp. ns1.201020931880
the genome of a pathogenic rhodococcus: cooptive virulence underpinned by key gene acquisitions.we report the genome of the facultative intracellular parasite rhodococcus equi, the only animal pathogen within the biotechnologically important actinobacterial genus rhodococcus. the 5.0-mb r. equi 103s genome is significantly smaller than those of environmental rhodococci. this is due to genome expansion in nonpathogenic species, via a linear gain of paralogous genes and an accelerated genetic flux, rather than reductive evolution in r. equi. the 103s genome lacks the extensive catabolic and ...201020941392
bioconversion of acrylonitrile to acrylamide using polyacrylamide entrapped cells of rhodococcus rhodochrous pa-34.the nitrile hydratase (nhase) of rhodococcus rhodochrous pa-34 catalyzed the conversion of acrylonitrile to acrylamide. the resting cells (having nhase activity) (8 %; 1 ml corresponds to 22 mg dry cell mass, dcm) were immobilized in polyacrylamide gel containing 12.5 % acrylamide, 0.6 % bisacrylamide, 0.2 % diammonium persulfate and 0.4 % temed. the polyacrylamide entrapped cells (1.12 mg dcm/ml) completely converted acrylonitrile in 3 h at 10 °c, using 0.1 mol/l potassium phosphate buffer. in ...201020941578
characterization of mycolic acids from the pathogen rhodococcus equi by tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization.we describe a simple tandem mass spectrometric approach toward structural characterization of mycolic acids, the long-chain α-alkyl-β-hydroxy fatty acids unique to mycobacteria and related taxa. on collisionally activated dissociation in a linear ion trap or tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer, the [m-h](-) ions of mycolic acid generated by electrospray ionization undergo dissociation to eliminate the meroaldehyde residue, leading to formation of carboxylate anions containing α-alkyl chains. the ...201020946862
low-temperature ionizing radiation resistance of deinococcus radiodurans and antarctic dry valley bacteria.the high flux of cosmic rays onto the unshielded surface of mars poses a significant hazard to the survival of martian microbial life. here, we determined the survival responses of several bacterial strains to ionizing radiation exposure while frozen at a low temperature characteristic of the martian near-subsurface. novel psychrotolerant bacterial strains were isolated from the antarctic dry valleys, an environmental analogue of the martian surface, and identified by 16s rrna gene phylogeny as ...201020950171
genetic analysis around aminoalcohol dehydrogenase gene of rhodococcus erythropolis mak154: a putative gntr transcription factor in transcriptional regulation.nadp(+)-dependent aminoalcohol dehydrogenase (aadh) of rhodococcus erythropolis mak154 catalyzes the reduction of (s)-1-phenyl-1-keto-2-methylaminopropane ((s)-mak) to d-pseudoephedrine, which is used as a pharmaceutical. aadh is suggested to participate in aminoalcohol or aminoketone metabolism in this organism because it is induced by the addition of several aminoalcohols, such as 1-amino-2-propanol. genetic analysis of around the aadh gene showed that some open reading frames (orfs) are invol ...201020953603
invasive infection with rhodococcus equi--two case reports and review of literature.rhodococcus equi infection is rare in humans, but has increasingly been reported in the last three decades, particularly in immunocompromised patients. the infection is mainly pulmonary but can also assume an extra-pulmonary form. r. equi infection is difficult to diagnose at an early stage both from a clinical and microbiologic view. only correct and timely diagnosis and treatment can help reduce significant morbidity and mortality. optimal treatment probably consists of prolonged, preferably t ...201020954468
antimicrobial activity of tulathromycin and 14 other antimicrobials against virulent rhodococcus equi in vitro.this study determined the antimicrobial activity of tulathromycin against rhodococcus equi in vitro. ninety-eight virulent isolates of r. equi from equine clinical cases were examined, of which 20 isolates were macrolide resistant. a custom 96-well antimicrobial susceptibility testing plate was used, allowing 14 additional antimicrobials to be tested against r. equi. isolates were cultured with various concentrations of antimicrobials, and minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) values were deter ...201020957614
manipulating the stereoselectivity of limonene epoxide hydrolase by directed evolution based on iterative saturation mutagenesis.limonene epoxide hydrolase from rhodococcus erythropolis dcl 14 (leh) is known to be an exceptional epoxide hydrolase (eh) because it has an unusual secondary structure and catalyzes the hydrolysis of epoxides by a rare one-step mechanism in contrast to the usual two-step sequence. from a synthetic organic viewpoint it is unfortunate that leh shows acceptable stereoselectivity essentially only in the hydrolysis of the natural substrate limonene epoxide, which means that this eh cannot be exploit ...201020958062
rhodococcus erythropolis septicaemia in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukaemia.rhodococcus erythropolis rarely causes infection in humans. we report the second case of r. erythropolis septicaemia in a 7-year-old child. however, to our knowledge it is the first case in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukaemia who had been undergoing chemotherapy. the identification was performed using 16s rrna gene sequencing. even though r. erythropolis is rarely associated with human infections, it should be considered as a potential causative agent of bacteraemia, rather than overlooke ...201020965915
starvation/stationary-phase survival of rhodococcus erythropolis sq1: a physiological and genetic analysis.the adaptation of rhodocccus erythropolis sq1 to energy and carbon starvation was investigated in terms of both the capacity to survive starvation and the contribution of a nutrient-induced stationary phase to cross-protection to other types of environmental stress. it was found that r. erythropolis sq1 survives for at least 43 days in lb and distilled water, and 65 days in chemically defined medium (cdm) containing high (1%) or low (0.1%) glucose. furthermore, early stationary-phase r. erythrop ...201020967536
analysis of 2-methylthio-derivatives of isoprenoid cytokinins by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.a sensitive and reliable high-performance liquid chromatographic method with tandem mass spectrometric detection has been developed and used for the determination of 2-methylthio-cytokinin derivatives produced by the phytopathogenic actinomycete rhodococcus fascians. the cultivation medium containing secreted cytokinins was concentrated and subjected to a solid-phase extraction (c18 and ion-exchange). the purified samples were further separated and analyzed by hplc-esi-ms/ms. this allowed to ach ...201020969996
effect of alkyl hydroxybenzenes on the properties of dioxygenases.the aim of the present work was to investigate the influence of alkylhydroxybenzenes (ahbs) and tyrosol, which belong to cell differentiation factors d(1) group of autoregulators on properties of biodegradation enzymes, catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (cat 1,2-do) and methylcatechol 1,2-dioxygenase (mcat 1,2-do) of rhodococcus opacus 6a. ahbs were found to have a greater effect on mcat 1,2-do than on cat 1,2-do. it was expressed by more pronounced changes in the activity of mcat 1,2-do with unsubstitut ...201020972919
virulence genes and plasmid profiles in rhodococcus equi isolates from domestic pigs and wild boars (sus scrofa) in brazil.the virulence genes and plasmid profiles of 23 rhodococcus equi isolates from 258 lymph nodes from domestic pigs (129 nodes with lesions and 129 without lesions) and 120 lymph nodes from slaughtered wild boars (60 nodes with lesions and 60 without) were characterized. r. equi was obtained from 19 lymph nodes of domestic pigs, 17 with, and two without lesions, and from four lymph nodes with lesions, from wild boars. the 23 isolates were tested for the presence of vapa and vapb genes, responsible ...201020980033
emulsification potential of a newly isolated biosurfactant-producing bacterium, rhodococcus sp. strain ta6.an indigenous biosurfactant producing bacterium, rhodococcus sp. strain ta6 was isolated from iranian oil contaminated soil using an efficient enrichment and screening method. during growth on sucrose and several hydrocarbon substrates as sole carbon source, the bacterium could produce biosurfactants. as a result of biosurfactant synthesis, the surface tension of the growth medium was reduced from 68mnm(-1) to values below 30mnm(-1). the biosurfactant was capable of forming stable emulsions with ...201021030223
biodegradation of di-n-butyl phthalate by rhodococcus sp. jdc-11 and molecular detection of 3, 4-phthalate dioxygenase gene.rhodococcus sp. jdc-11, capable of utilizing di-n-butyl phthalate (dbp) as the sole source of carbon and energy, was isolated from sewage sludge and confirmed mainly based on 16s rrna gene sequence analysis. the optimum ph, temperature, and agitation rate for dbp degradation by rhodococcus sp. jdc-11 was 8.0, 30 degrees c, and 175 rpm, respectively. in addition, the effect of glucose concentration on dbp degradation indicated that low concentration of glucose inhibited the degradation of dbp whi ...201021030830
the suitability of selected methods of nucleic acid extraction for detecting rhodococcus equi dna in tracheobronchial wash fluid using pcr.the aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of selected dna extraction methods for the detection of rhodococcus equi from tracheobronchial wash fluid by pcr. three methods of nucleic acid extraction were evaluated, based mainly on the activity of proteolytic enzymes. a commercial kit for isolation and purification of bacterial dna was also used in the study. in one procedure, an additional component, the cationic detergent ctab, was used. it has been found that the traditional ...201021033553
expression and inducibility of endosulfan metabolizing gene in rhodococcus strain isolated from earthworm gut microflora for its application in bioremediation.the metabolizing potential of a bacterial strain rhodococcus mtcc 6716, isolated from the gut of an indian earthworm (metaphire posthuma) was studied for endosulfan bioremediation. in the present work, the optimum conditions for the maximum growth, kinetic of endosulfan degradation, regression equation, half life and correlation coefficient were studied. endosulfan induced alterations in the expression of mrna and protein of specific endosulfan metabolizing marker gene (esd) was studied. maximum ...201021035330
disseminated rhodococcus equi infection in dromedary camels (camelus dromedarius).rhodococcus (r). equi, a recognized pathogen in horses, is emerging as a human opportunistic pathogen, especially in immunocompromized people. it affects also new world camelids, but there are no reports of r. equi infection in old world camelids yet. four cases of disseminated r. equi infection in adult breeding dromedaries occurred at one camel farm near dubai within 16 months of each other. at necropsy the lungs were diffusely consolidated with large caseous areas. histology revealed severe s ...201021035967
a high-throughput screening strategy for nitrile-hydrolyzing enzymes based on ferric hydroxamate spectrophotometry.nitrile-hydrolyzing enzymes (nitrilase or nitrile hydratase/amidase) have been widely used in the pharmaceutical industry for the production of carboxylic acids and their derivatives, and it is important to build a method for screening for nitrile-hydrolyzing enzymes. in this paper, a simple, rapid, and high-throughput screening method based on the ferric hydroxamate spectrophotometry has been proposed. to validate the accuracy of this screening strategy, the nitrilases from rhodococcus erythrop ...201021038095
multiple-genome comparison reveals new loci for mycobacterium species identification.to identify loci useful for species identification and to enhance our understanding of the population structure and genetic variability of the genus mycobacterium, we conducted a multiple-genome comparison of a total of 27 sequenced genomes in the suborder of corynebacterineae (18 from the mycobacterium genus, 7 from the corynebacterium genus, 1 each from the nocardia and rhodococcus genera). our study revealed 26 informative loci for species identification in mycobacterium. the sequences from t ...201021048007
a simple enzymatic method for production of a wide variety of d-amino acids using l-amino acid oxidase from rhodococcus sp. aiu z-35-1.a simple enzymatic method for production of a wide variety of d-amino acids was developed by kinetic resolution of dl-amino acids using l-amino acid oxidase (l-aao) with broad substrate specificity from rhodococcus sp. aiu z-35-1. the optimum ph of the l-aao reaction was classified into three groups depending on the l-amino acids as substrate, and their respective activities between ph 5.5 and 8.5 accounted for more than 60% of the optimum activity. the enzyme was stable in the range from ph 6.0 ...201021048866
[oxidative biotransformation of thioanisole by rhodococcus rhodochrous iegm 66 cells].comparative study of sulfoxidation activity of free and immobilized rhodococcus rhodochrous iegm 66 cells was performed. free rhodococcus cells (in the presence of 0.1 vol % n-hexadecane) displayed maximal oxidative activity towards thioanisole (0.5 g/l), a prochiral organic sulfide, added after 48-h cultivation of bacterial cells. higher sulfide concentrations inhibited sulfoxidation activity of rhodococcus. use of immobilized cells allowed the 2-day preparatory stage to be omitted and a comple ...201021261073
[degradation of chlorinated biphenyls and products of their bioconversion by rhodococcus sp. b7a strain].strain rhodococcus sp. b7a isolated from artificially polluted soil destructs mono- and di-substituted ortho- and/or para-chlorinated biphenyls with utilization of chlorinated benzoic acids and shows high degradation activity as regards trichlorinated biphenyls. it is shown that p-hydroxybenzoic and protocatehoic acids are the products of p-chlorobenzoic acid catabolism.201021261074
[intensification of surfactant synthesis in rhodococcus erythropolis ek-1 cultivated on hexadecane].activity of key enzymes of n-alkane metabolism was determined in cells of rhodococcus erythropolis ek-1, a surfactant producer grown on n-hexadecane. potassium cations were found to inhibit alkane hydroxylase and nadp(+)-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase, while sodium cations were found to activate these enzymes. decreased potassium concentration (to 1 mm), increased sodium concentration (to 35 mm), and addition of 36 micromol/l fe(ii), required for alkane hydroxylase activity, resulted in increa ...201021261075
effect of agitation and aeration on the production of nitrile hydratase by rhodococcus erythropolis mtcc 1526 in a stirred tank reactor.to evaluate the effect of different physicochemical parameters such as agitation, aeration and ph on the growth and nitrile hydratase production by rhodococcus erythropolis mtcc 1526 in a stirred tank reactor.201020723042
isolation and characterization of hexavalent chromium-reducing rhizospheric bacteria from a wetland.scirpus americanus pers. occurs naturally in "san germán," a pond that serves as a receptor of industrial wastewater in guanajuato, méxico. this plant accumulates metals mainly in the root: concentrations (mg/kg) of cr, as, cd and se were 970, 49, 41, and 85 respectively. analysis of rhizosphere samples indicated bacterial population of 10(8) cfu g(-1) in media with 0.2 mm cr(vi) and 10 mm sodium gluconate. thirteen isolates were obtained and phylogenetic analyses (16s rrna) indicated they corre ...201020734910
a potential role for indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido) in rhodococcus equi infection.rhodococcus equi is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen of foals and immunocompromised humans that infects and proliferates within host macrophages and dendritic cells (dc). indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido), the initial enzyme in the tryptophan catabolism pathway, is upregulated in r. equi infected equine monocyte-derived dc and alveolar macrophages. tryptophan requirement of r. equi for extracellular and intracellular growth was assessed. growth of r. equi in minimal media did not r ...201020739070
biological treatment of propanil and 3,4-dichloroaniline: kinetic and microbiological characterisation.propanil (3,4-dichloropropionanilide) is a widely used herbicide, applied worldwide in rice paddies. propanil is primarily transformed in nature to 3,4-dichloroaniline (dca), which is more slowly biodegradable. both compounds have adverse health and ecotoxicity effects. this work investigated the microbial ecology and kinetics of propanil-degrading enrichments obtained from soil in a sequencing batch reactor (sbr) operated with different feeding strategies, aiming at the enhanced biological remo ...201020801480
optimization of a genome-walking method to suit gc-rich template dna from biotechnological relevant actinobacteria.sitefinding-pcr has been recently reported to be a useful technique in order to identify unknown dna fragments located adjacent to available sequences. however, this method has so far only been applied to few dna sources including plants, samples from bioleaching communities, and a pseudomonas strain. in order to complete the sequence information of two gene clusters in gram-positive rhodococci the original protocol was applied yielding amplicons of insufficient size. the binding site of the pre ...201020806255
[significance of evaluation of the antibiotic-resistant properties of bacterial producing strains in the hygienic standardization system].the study was undertaken to evaluate the antibiotic sensitivity of microorganisms that were used in biotechnological production and belonged to different taxons: gram-positive (bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, and bacillus thuringiensis) and gram-negative (alcaligenes denitrificans and pseudomonas caryophylii) bacteria and noncardioform actinomycetes (rhodococcus erythropolis and rhodococcus corallinus). the sensitivity of the strains to a range of antibiotics was determined by the aga ...201021344698
the pe-ppe domain in mycobacterium reveals a serine a/ß hydrolase fold and function: an in-silico analysis.the pe and ppe proteins first reported in the genome sequence of mycobacterium tuberculosis strain h37rv are now identified in all mycobacterial species. the pe-ppe domain (pfam id: pf08237) is a 225 amino acid residue conserved region located towards the c-terminus of some pe and ppe proteins and hypothetical proteins. our in-silico sequence analysis revealed that this domain is present in all mycobacteria, some rhodococcus and nocardia farcinica genomes. this domain comprises a pentapeptide se ...201121347309
adventures in rhodococcus - from steroids to explosives.rhodococcus is a genus of mycolic-acid-containing actinomycetes that utilize a remarkable variety of organic compounds as growth substrates. this degradation helps maintain the global carbon cycle and has increasing applications ranging from the biodegradation of pollutants to the biocatalytic production of drugs and hormones. we have been using rhodococcus jostii rha1 as a model organism to understand the catabolic versatility of rhodococcus and related bacteria. our approach is exemplified by ...201121358756
enzymes hydrolyzing structural components and ferrous ion cause rusty-root symptom on ginseng (panax ginseng).microbial induction of rusty-root was proved in this study. the enzymes hydrolyzing plant structural materials, including pectinase, pectolyase, ligninase, and cellulase, caused the rusty-root in ginseng. pectinase and pectolyase produced the highest rusty-color formation. ferrous ion (fe+++) caused the synergistic effect on rusty-root formation in ginseng when it was used with pectinase. the effect of ferric ion (fe++) on rusty-root formation was slow, compared with fe+++, probably due to gradu ...201121364303
Plant-derived auxin plays an accessory role in symptom development upon Rhodococcus fascians infection.The biotrophic phytopathogen Rhodococcus fascians has a profound impact on plant development, mainly through its principal virulence factors, a mix of synergistically acting cytokinins that induce shoot formation. Expression profiling of marker genes for several auxin biosynthesis routes and mutant analysis demonstrated that the bacterial cytokinins stimulate the auxin biosynthesis of plants via specific targeting of the indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) pathway, resulting in enhanced auxin signaling ...201122181713
glycosphingolipid synthesis employing a combination of recombinant glycosyltransferases and an endoglycoceramidase glycosynthase.glycosynthase mutants of rhodococcus sp. endo-glycoceramidase ii efficiently synthesize complex glycosphingolipids. glycosyl fluoride donors may be assembled via sequential glycosyltransferase-catalysed glycosylation of lactosyl fluoride. alternatively, lactosyl fluoride may be coupled to sphingosine prior to subsequent glycosylation steps.201121879043
Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in the foal - Part 2: Diagnostics, treatment and disease management.Various challenges face clinicians and farm managers in diagnosing, treating and preventing Rhodococcus equi pneumonia. The use of ultrasound imaging has aided in the early diagnosis of the disease, reducing treatment duration and improving therapeutic outcomes. Antimicrobial resistance in R. equi is an emerging issue that necessitates prudent antimicrobial therapy of diseased foals. Alternative methods of disease transmission, such as contagious foal-to-foal aerosol transmission, may need to be ...201122036870
The Impact of Membrane Lipid Composition on Macrophage Activation in the Immune Defense against Rhodococcus equi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Nutritional fatty acids are known to have an impact on membrane lipid composition of body cells, including cells of the immune system, thus providing a link between dietary fatty acid uptake, inflammation and immunity. In this study we reveal the significance of macrophage membrane lipid composition on gene expression and cytokine synthesis thereby highlighting signal transduction processes, macrophage activation as well as macrophage defense mechanisms. Using RAW264.7 macrophages as a model sys ...201122174614
rhodococcus nanhaiensis sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from marine sediment of the south china sea.in this study, two strains scsio 10187t and scsio 10197 were isolated from a sediment sample collected from the south china sea and characterized by using a polyphasic approach. growth was observed in the temperature range between 15-35 °c (optimum 28 °c) and ph 5.0-8.0 (optimum ph 6.0). based on 16s rrna gene sequence analysis, the strains were identified as members of the genus rhodococcus. phylogenetic analysis showed that the two strains clustered together and the 16s rrna gene sequence simil ...201122180608
resolution of racemic sulfoxides with high productivity and enantioselectivity by a rhodococcus sp. strain as an alternative to biooxidation of prochiral sulfides for efficient production of enantiopure sulfoxides.whole cells of rhodococcus sp. ecu0066 were used a catalyst for resolution of racemic sulfoxides, as an alternative to asymmetric oxidation of sulfides for efficient production of enantiopure sulfoxides. racemic sulfoxides were excellent substrates for biotransformation because of their lower biotoxicity compared to sulfides. determination of apparent kinetic parameters indicated that phenyl methyl sulfide (pms), but not racemic phenyl methyl sulfoxide (rac-pmso) caused substrate inhibition. (s) ...201120810278
rhodococcus equi human clinical isolates enter and survive within human alveolar epithelial cells.rhodococcus equi is an emerging opportunistic human pathogen associated with immunosuppressed people, especially those infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). this pathogen resides primarily within lung macrophages of infected patients, which may explain in part its ability to escape normal pulmonary defense mechanisms. despite numerous studies as a pulmonary pathogen in foals, where a plasmid seems to play an important role in virulence, information on the pathogenesis of this pat ...201121262372
failure of antimicrobial therapy to accelerate spontaneous healing of subclinical pulmonary abscesses on a farm with endemic infections caused by rhodococcus equi.mass antimicrobial treatment of foals with small ultrasonographic pulmonary lesions is common on farms with endemic disease caused by rhodococcus equi. the objectives of this study were to compare the relative efficacy of three antimicrobial protocols for the treatment of pulmonary abscesses on a farm with endemic infections caused by r. equi and to determine the frequency of spontaneous resolution of subclinical pulmonary lesions. foals with ultrasonographic evidence of pulmonary abscesses ⩾1.0 ...201121924651
structural definition of trehalose 6-monomycolates and trehalose 6,6'-dimycolates from the pathogen rhodococcus equi by multiple-stage linear ion-trap mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization.the cell wall of the pathogenic bacterium rhodococcus equi (r. equi) contains abundant trehalose monomycolate (tmm) and trehalose dimycolate (tdm), the glycolipids bearing mycolic acids. here, we describe multiple-stage (ms(n)) linear ion-trap (lit) mass spectrometric approaches toward structural characterization of tmm and tdm desorbed as [m + alk](+) (alk = na, li) and as [m + x](-) (x = ch(3)co(2), hco(2)) ions by electrospray ionization (esi). upon ms(n) (n=2, 3, 4) on the [m + alk](+) or th ...201121972013
The ability of bacterial cocaine esterase to hydrolyze cocaine metabolites and their simultaneous quantification using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Cocaine toxicity is a widespread problem in the United States, responsible for more than 500,000 emergency department visits a year. There is currently no U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacotherapy to directly treat cocaine toxicity. To this end, we have developed a mutant bacterial cocaine esterase (DM-CocE), which has been previously shown to rapidly hydrolyze cocaine into inert metabolites, preventing and reversing toxicity with limited immunogenic potential. Herein we describ ...201121885621
Diagnosis, treatment, control, and prevention of infections caused by Rhodococcus equi in foals.Rhodococcus equi, a gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen, is one of the most common causes of pneumonia in foals. Although R. equi can be cultured from the environment of virtually all horse farms, the clinical disease in foals is endemic at some farms, sporadic at others, and unrecognized at many. On farms where the disease is endemic, costs associated with morbidity and mortality attributable to R. equi may be very high. The purpose of this consensus statement is to provide recomme ...201122092608
[scaling of the process of biosynthesis of surfactants by rhodococcus erythropolis ek-1 on hexadecane].peculiarities of synthesis of surface-active substances (sas) are studied at periodical cultivation of rhodococcus erythropolis ek-1 in the ak-210 fermenter on medium containing n-hexadecane. maximum indicators of sas synthesis (concentration of extra cellular sas is 7.2 g/l; factor of emulsification of the cultural liquid 50%; sas yield from the substrate 50%) have been observed at 60-70% concentration of dissolved oxygen from the saturation level with aerial oxygen (ph 8.0) fractional supply o ...201121950118
Siderophore production by actinomycetes isolates from two soil sites in Western Australia.The actinomycetes are metabolically flexible soil micro-organisms capable of producing a range of compounds of interest, including siderophores. Siderophore production by actinomycetes sampled from two distinct and separate geographical sites in Western Australia were investigated and found to be generally similar in the total percentage of siderophore producers found. The only notable difference was the proportion of isolates producing catechol siderophores with only 3% found in site 1 (from th ...201122038645
[effect of citric acid on synthesis of surfactants in rhodococcus erythropolis imv ac-5017].expediency of sodium citrate (regulator of lipids synthesis) substitution is shown in the medium of cultivation of rhodococcus erythropolis imv ac-5017 with ethanol (or hexadecane) and fumarate (gluconeogenesis precursor) by citric acid for ph maintenance at the level optimal for synthesis of surfactants. it has been established the maximum synthesis of surfactants of r. erythropolis imv ac-5017 was observed at ph 8.0. introduction of 0.2% sodium fumarate at the end of experimental growth phase ...201122164696
plant exudates promote pcb degradation by a rhodococcal rhizobacteria.rhodococcus erythropolis u23a is a polychlorinated biphenyl (pcb)-degrading bacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of plants grown on a pcb-contaminated soil. strain u23a bpha exhibited 99% identity with bpha1 of rhodococcus globerulus p6. we grew arabidopsis thaliana in a hydroponic axenic system, collected, and concentrated the plant secondary metabolite-containing root exudates. strain u23a exhibited a chemotactic response toward these root exudates. in a root colonizing assay, the number of ...201122202970
isolation of the fenoxaprop-ethyl (fe)-degrading bacterium rhodococcus sp. t1, and cloning of fe hydrolase gene feh.an enrichment culture which completely degraded fenoxaprop-ethyl (fe) was acquired by using fe as sole carbon source. an efficient fe-degrading strain t1 was isolated from the enrichment culture and identified as rhodococcus sp. strain t1 could degrade 94% of 100 mg l(-1) fe within 24 h and the metabolite fenoxaprop acid (fa) was identified by hplc/ms analysis. this strain converted fe by cleavage of the ester bond, but could not further degrade fa. strain t1 could also efficiently degrade halox ...201122092720
biosynthesis of benzoylformic acid from benzoyl cyanide by a newly isolated rhodococcus sp. cczu10-1 in toluene-water biphasic system.benzoylformic acid was synthesized from the hydrolysis of benzoyl cyanide by a newly isolated rhodococcus sp. cczu10-1. in this study, an aqueous-toluene biphasic system was developed for highly efficient production of benzoylformic acid from the hydrolysis of benzoyl cyanide. in the aqueous-toluene biphasic system, the phase volume ratio, buffer ph and reaction temperature were optimized. using fed-batch method, a total of 932mm benzoylformic acid accumulated in the reaction mixture after the 1 ...201122033370
active n(2) o emission from bacterial microbiota of andisol farmland and characterization of some n(2) o emitters.andisol in farmland located in hokkaido, japan, is known to actively flux nitrous oxide (n(2) o) during the spring to summer seasons. using a culturing system which mimics farm soils, nitrous oxide (n(2) o) emission potentials of the soils or soil microorganisms were investigated. a total of thirty-three soil samples from the farmland showed high n(2) o production potential, of which the maximum level of n(2) o emission was 3.69 μg per ml of the cultured medium per day (ml(-1) d(-1) ) in the as ...201122144290
catabolic pathway of gamma-caprolactone in the biocontrol agent rhodococcus erythropolis.gamma-caprolactone (gcl) is well-known as a food flavor and has been recently described as a biostimulant molecule promoting the growth of bacteria with biocontrol activity against soft-rot pathogens. among these biocontrol agents, rhodococcus erythropolis, characterized by a remarkable metabolic versatility, assimilates various γ-butyrolactone molecules with a branched-aliphatic chain, such as gcl. the assimilative pathway of gcl in r. erythropolis was investigated by two-dimensional gel electr ...201122085026
characterization of human clinical isolates of dietzia species previously misidentified as rhodococcus equi.in this study, 16 human clinical isolates of dietzia species previously misidentified as rhodococcus equi were evaluated using phenotypic methods, including traditional and commercial (api coryne) biochemical tests, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and 16s rrna gene and gyrb gene sequencing. positive results for both the hydrolysis of adenine and christie-atkins-munch-petersen (camp) reaction allowed for differentiation between the dietzia isolates and the type strain of rhodococcus equi; h ...201121892735
production of α-ketoisocaproate via free-whole-cell biotransformation by rhodococcus opacus dsm 43250 with l-leucine as the substrate.this work aims to produce α-ketoisocaproate (kic) from l-leucine via the free-whole-cell biotransformation of rhodococcus opacus dsm 43250. the effects of temperature, ph, substrate concentration, cell concentration, and rotating speed on kic production were examined. furthermore, the biotransformation conditions were optimized with response surface methodology (rsm). the optimal biotransformation conditions were as follows: temperature 43.7 °c, ph 8.4, l-leucine concentration 5.1g/l, cell conce ...201122112557
isolation and characterization of a rhodococcus strain able to degrade 2-fluorophenol.a pure bacterial culture able to utilize 2-fluorophenol (2-fp) as sole carbon and energy source was isolated by selective enrichment from sediments collected from a contaminated site in northern portugal. 16s rrna gene analysis showed that the organism (strain fp1) belongs to the genus rhodococcus. when grown aerobically on 2-fp, growth kinetics of strain fp1 followed the luong model. an inhibitory effect of increasing 2-fp concentrations was observed with no growth occurring at 2-fp levels high ...201122101783
designing green plasticizers: influence of molecular geometry on biodegradation and plasticization properties.the plasticizer di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (dehp) and its metabolites are considered ubiquitous contaminants, which have a range of implications on the environment and human health. this work considered several alternative compounds with structural features similar to dehp. this added to the understanding of why dehp is so poorly biodegraded once it enters the environment. these alternative compounds were based on 2-ethylhexyl diesters of maleic acid (cis-isomer), fumaric acid (trans-isomer) an ...201122113055
rhodococcus equi: clinical manifestations, virulence, and immunity.pneumonia is a major cause of disease and death in foals. rhodococcus equi, a gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen, is a common cause of pneumonia in foals. this article reviews the clinical manifestations of infection caused by r. equi in foals and summarizes current knowledge regarding mechanisms of virulence of, and immunity to, r. equi. a complementary consensus statement providing recommendations for the diagnosis, treatment, control, and prevention of infections caused by r. eq ...201122092609
Reconstruction of a genome-scale metabolic network of Rhodococcus erythropolis for desulfurization studies.The remarkable catabolic diversity of Rhodococcus erythropolis makes it an interesting organism for bioremediation and fuel desulfurization. However, a model that can describe and explain the combined influence of various intracellular metabolic activities on its desulfurizing capabilities is missing from the literature. Such a model can greatly aid the development of R. erythropolis as an effective desulfurizing biocatalyst. This work reports the reconstruction of the first genome-scale metabol ...201121912787
Functional annotation and characterization of 3-hydroxybenzoate 6-hydroxylase from Rhodococcus jostii RHA1.The genome of Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 contains an unusually large number of oxygenase encoding genes. Many of these genes have yet an unknown function, implying that a notable part of the biochemical and catabolic biodiversity of this Gram-positive soil actinomycete is still elusive. Here we present a multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of putative R. jostii RHA1 flavoprotein hydroxylases. Out of 18 candidate sequences, three hydroxylases are absent in other available Rhodococc ...201122207056
effect of microorganisms on the plutonium oxidation states.particular microbes from substrates at the low-level radioactive waste repository in the ignalina npp territory were exposed to (239)pu (iv) at low ph under aerobic conditions. pu(iii) and pu(iv) were separated and quantitatively evaluated using the modified anion exchange method and alpha spectrometry. tested bacteria bacillus mycoides and serratia marcescens were more effective in pu reduction than rhodococcus fascians. fungi paecillomyces lilacinus and absidia spinosa var. spinosa as well as ...201122112595
screening, cultivation, and biocatalytic performance of rhodococcus boritolerans fw815 with strong 2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarbonitrile hydratase activity.in this work, a mild, efficient bioconversion of 2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarbonitrile (dmcpcn) to 2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxamide (dmcpca) in distilled water system was developed. the isolate fw815 was screened using the enrichment culture technique, displaying strong dmcpcn hydratase activity, and was identified as rhodococcus boritolerans based on morphological, physiological, biochemical tests and 16s rrna gene sequencing. cultivation outcomes indicated that r. boritolerans fw815 was a ne ...201121892773
Disseminated Rhodococcus equi infection in HIV infection despite highly active antiretroviral therapy.ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Rhodococcus equi (R.equi) is an acid fast, GRAM + coccobacillus, which is widespread in the soil and causes pulmonary and extrapulmonary infections in immunocompromised people. In the context of HIV infection, R.equi infection (rhodococcosis) is regarded as an opportunistic disease, and its outcome is influenced by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). CASE PRESENTATION: We report two cases of HIV-related rhodococcosis that disseminated despite suppressive HAART an ...201122168333
compositions of microbial communities associated with oil and water in a mesothermic oil field.samples of produced water and oil obtained from the enermark field (near medicine hat, alberta, canada) were separated into oil and aqueous phases first gravitationally and then through centrifugation at 20°c in an atmosphere of 90% n(2) and 10% co(2). biomass that remained associated with oil after gravitational separation (1×g) was dislodged by centrifugation at 25,000×g. dna was isolated from the aqueous and oil-associated biomass fractions and subjected to polymerase chain reaction amplifica ...201122038128
construction of escherichia coli-arthrobacter-rhodococcus shuttle vectors based on a cryptic plasmid from arthrobacter rhombi and investigation of their application for functional screening.a cryptic plasmid from arthrobacter rhombi prh1, designated as pprh, was sequenced and characterized. it was 5000 bp in length with a g+c content of 66 mol%. the plasmid pprh was predicted to encode six putative open reading frames (orfs), in which orf2 and orf3 formed the minimal replicon of plasmid pprh and shared 55-61% and 60-69% homology, respectively, with the repa and repb proteins of reported rhodococcal plasmids. sequence analysis revealed a typical cole2-type ori located 45 bp upstream ...201122098420
Interaction of a Rhodococcus sp. Trehalose Lipid Biosurfactant with Model Proteins: Thermodynamic and Structural Changes.One major application of surfactants is to prevent aggregation during various processes of protein manipulation. In this work, a bacterial trehalose lipid (TL) with biosurfactant activity, secreted by Rhodococcus sp., has been identified and purified. The interactions of this glycolipid with selected model proteins have been studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and fluorescence spectros ...201122172005
Mucosal co-immunization of mice with recombinant lactococci secreting VapA antigen and leptin elicits a protective immune response against Rhodococcus equi infection.Rhodococcus equi causes severe pneumonia in foals and has recently gained attention as a significant opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised humans. However, no effective vaccine to prevent rhodococcosis is currently available. In this study, we have engineered the food-grade bacterium Lactococcus lactis to secrete the virulence-associated protein A from R. equi (LL-VapA). The immunogenic potential of LL-VapA strain was then evaluated after either intragastric or intranasal immunization in m ...201122019740
effects of opsonization of rhodococcus equi on bacterial viability and phagocyte activation.to investigate the effect of opsonization of rhodococcus equi with r. equi-specific antibodies in plasma on bacterial viability and phagocyte activation in a cell culture model of infection.201122023124
nonlinear changes in the activity of the oxygen-dependent demethylase system in rhodococcus erythropolis cells in the presence of low and very low doses of formaldehyde.abstract: the effect of exogenous, highly diluted formaldehyde on the rate of demethylation/re-methylation of veratric acid by the bacteria rhodococcus erythropolis was studied using electrophoretic and microscopic techniques. the activity of 4-o-demethylase, responsible for accumulation of vanillic acid, and the levels of veratric and vanillic acids were determined using capillary electrophoresis. formaldehyde was serially diluted at 1:100 ratios, and the total number of iterations was 20. afte ...201122104369
prevention of gordonia and nocardia stabilized foam formation by using bacteriophage gte7.most activated sludge treatment plants suffer from the presence of foams on the surfaces of their aeration reactors. these are often stabilized by hydrophobic mycolic acid-synthesizing actinobacterial species. a polyvalent siphoviridae phage, gte7, which lysed several gordonia and nocardia species, is described here. its genome has a modular structure similar to that described for rhodococcus phage reqidocb7. in laboratory-scale experiments, we showed that gte7 prevents stabilization of foams by ...201121926218
isolation and characterization of styrene metabolism genes from styrene-assimilating soil bacteria rhodococcus sp. st-5 and st-10.styrene metabolism genes were isolated from styrene-assimilating bacteria rhodococcus sp. st-5 and st-10. strain st-5 had a gene cluster containing four open reading frames which encoded styrene degradation enzymes. the genes showed high similarity to styabcd of pseudomonas sp. y2. on the other hand, strain st-10 had only two genes which encoded styrene monooxygenase and flavin oxidoreductase (styab). escherichia coli transformants possessing the sty genes of strains st-5 and st-10 produced (s)- ...201121996027
tuberculosis-like pneumonias by the aerobic actinomycetes rhodococcus, tsukamurella and gordonia.the order actinomycetales includes phylogenetically diverse but morphologically similar aerobic and anaerobic organisms, exhibiting filamentous branching structures which fragment into rods or coccoid forms. lung pathogens of the order comprise mycobacterium, nocardia, corynebacterium, actinomyces, kytococcus, rothia, williamsia, as well as gordonia, tsukamurella and rhodococcus. particularly, members of the last three genera are uncommon aerobic agents of lung cavitations and tuberculosis(tb)-l ...201122192786
isolation of a novel carotenoid, oh-chlorobactene glucoside hexadecanoate, and related rare carotenoids from rhodococcus sp. cip and their antioxidative activities.in the course of screening for antioxidative carotenoids from bacteria, we isolated and identified a novel carotenoid, oh-chlorobactene glucoside hexadecanoate (4), and rare carotenoids, oh-chlorobactene glucoside (1), oh-γ-carotene glucoside (2) and oh-4-keto-γ-carotene glucoside hexadecanoate (3) from rhodococcus sp. cip. the singlet oxygen ((1)o(2)) quenching model of these carotenoids showed potent antioxidative activities ic(50) 14.6 µm for oh-chlorobactene glucoside hexadecanoate (4), 6.5 ...201122056433
study of an aquifer contaminated by ethyl tert-butyl ether (etbe): site characterization and on-site bioremediation.ethyl tert-butyl ether (etbe) was detected at high concentration (300mgl(-1)) in the groundwater below a gas-station. no significant carbon neither hydrogen isotopic fractionation of etbe was detected along the plume. etbe and btex biodegradation capacities of the indigenous microflora pz1-etbe and of a culture (mc-ifp) composed of rhodococcus wratislaviensis ifp 2016, rhodococcus aetherivorans ifp 2017 and aquincola tertiaricarbonis ifp 2003 showed that etbe and btex degradation rates were in t ...201122177017
c and n isotope fractionation during biodegradation of the pesticide metabolite 2,6- dichlorobenzamide (bam): potential for environmental assessments.2,6-dichlorobenzamide (bam) is a metabolite of the herbicide 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile (dichlobenil), and a prominent groundwater contaminant. observable compound-specific isotope fractionation during bam formation - through transformation of dichlobenil by rhodococcus erythropolis dsm 9685 - was small. in contrast, isotope fractionation during bam degradation - with aminobacter sp. msh1 and asi1, the only known bacterial strains capable of mineralizing bam - was large, with pronounced carbon (εc ...201122191999
qualitative and quantitative cellular glycomics of glycosphingolipids based on rhodococcal endoglycosylceramidase-assisted glycan cleavage, glycoblotting-assisted sample preparation, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis.glycosphingolipids (gsls) are crucially important components of the cellular membrane, where they comprise microdomains with many critical biological functions. despite this fact, qualitative and quantitative techniques for the analysis of gsls still lag behind the needs of researchers. in this study, a reliable procedure for the elucidation of cellular gsl-glycomes was established based on (a) enzymatic glycan cleavage by endoglycosylceramidases derived from rhodococcus sp. in combination with ...201121965662
Two-phase olive mill waste composting: community dynamics and functional role of the resident microbiota.In this study, physico-chemical modifications and community dynamics and functional role of the resident microbiota during composting of humid husk from a two-phase extraction system (TPOMW) were investigated. High mineralization and humification of carbon, low loss of nitrogen and complete degradation of polyphenols led to the waste biotransformation into a high-quality compost. Viable cell counts and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiling of the 16S rRNA genes showed that the ...201121996482
Ability of Cricetomys rats to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis and discriminate it from other microorganisms.Trained African giant pouched rats (Cricetomys gambianus) have potential for diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). These rats target volatile compounds of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) that cause TB. Mtb and nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species are related to Nocardia and Rhodococcus spp., which are also acid-fast bacilli and can be misdiagnosed as Mtb in smear microscopy. Diagnostic performance of C. gambianus on in vitro-cultured mycobacterial and related pulmonary microbes is unknown. This ...201122197664
Isolation, characterization of Rhodococcus sp. P14 capable of degrading high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aliphatic hydrocarbons.Rhodococcus sp. P14 was isolated from crude oil-contaminated sediments. This strain was capable of utilizing three to five rings polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) including phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr), and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) as a sole carbon and energy source. After cultivated with 50mg/L of each PAH, strain P14 removed 43% Phe, 34% Pyr and 30% BaP in 30 d. Four different hydroxyphenanthrene products derived from Phe by strain P14 (1,2,3,4-hydroxyphenanthrene) were detected using SP ...201121871639
First Report of Sepsis Caused by Rhodococcus corynebacterioides in a Patient with Myelodysplastic Syndrome.We report a case of sepsis caused by Rhodococcus corynebacterioides, identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, in a myelodysplastic syndrome patient who had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This is the first report of R. corynebacterioides infection in a human.201122205796
chloroform aerobic cometabolism by butane-growing rhodococcus aetherovorans bcp1 in continuous-flow biofilm reactors.this work focuses on chloroform (cf) cometabolism by a butane-grown aerobic pure culture (rhodococcus aetherovorans bcp1) in continuous-flow biofilm reactors. the goals were to obtain preliminary information on the feasibility of cf biodegradation by bcp1 in biofilm reactors and to evaluate the applicability of the pulsed injection of growth substrate and oxygen to biofilm reactors. the attached-cell tests were initially conducted in a 0.165-l bioreactor and, then, scaled-up to a 1.772-l bioreac ...201122042557
polyclonal antibody against conserved sequences of mce1a protein blocks mtb infection in macrophages.the pathogenesis of mycobacterium tuberculosis is largely due to its ability to enter and survive within human macrophages. it is suggested that a specific protein namely mammalian cell entry protein is involved in the pathogenesis and the specific gene for this protein mce1a has been identified in several pathogenic organisms such as rickettsia, shigella, escherichia coli, helicobacter, streptomyces, klebsiella, vibrio, neisseria, rhodococcus, nocardioides, saccharopolyspora erthyrae, and pseud ...201122159737
development of a live, attenuated, potential vaccine strain of r. equi expressing vapa and the virr operon, and virulence assessment in the mouse.pneumonia caused by rhodococcus equi remains a significant problem in foals. the objective of this study was to develop a safe and efficacious attenuated strain of r. equi for eventual use in oral immunization of foals. the approach involved expression of vapa in a live, virulence plasmid-negative, strain of r. equi (strain 103-). pcr-amplified fragments of the vapa gene, with and without the upstream genes virr, orf5, vaph, orf7 and orf8 (orf4-8), were cloned into a shuttle vector pnbv1. these ...201122088674
Differential degradation of bicyclics with aromatic and alicyclic rings by Rhodococcus sp. strain DK17.The metabolically versatile Rhodococcus sp. strain DK17 is able to grow on tetralin and indan but cannot use their respective desaturated counterparts, 1,2-dihydronaphthalene and indene, as sole carbon and energy sources. Metabolite analyses by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry clearly show that (i) the meta-cleavage dioxygenase mutant strain DK180 accumulates 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1,2-naphthalene diol, 1,2-indene diol, and 3,4-dihydro-naphthalene-1,2- ...201121965391
Adaptation of Rhodococcus erythropolis cells for growth and bioremediation under extreme conditions.Bioremediation of contaminated sites is rarely performed in nature under ideal growth conditions for bacteria. Extremophiles can grow at extreme values of temperature, pH, ionic strength and metal concentrations, but it may be difficult to find and isolate those possessing the required metabolic activities. In the present work, Rhodococcus erythropolis, a bacterium known to possess a large number of catabolic activities, was adapted to grow at 4-37°C, pH 3-11 and in the presence of up to 7.5% so ...201122146587
Evidence for shifts in the structure and abundance of the microbial community in a long-term PCB-contaminated soil under bioremediation.Although the impact of bioremediation of PCB-contaminated sites on the indigenous microbial community is a key question for soil restoration, it remains poorly understood. Therefore, a small-scale bioremediation assay made of (a) a biostimulation treatment with carvone, soya lecithin and xylose and (b) two bioaugmentation treatments, one with a TSZ7 mixed culture and another with a Rhodococcus sp. Z6 pure strain was set up. Changes in the structure of the global soil microbial community and in t ...201121885188
Infectious endocarditis caused by Nocardia sp.: histological morphology as a guide for the specific diagnosis.Nocardia is a rare opportunistic agent, which may affect immunocompromised individuals causing lung infections and exceptionally infective endocarditis (IE). There are few reports of IE caused by Nocardia sp., usually involving biological prostheses but rarely in natural valves. Its accurate microbiological identification may be hampered by the similarity with Rhodococcus equi and Corynebacterium spp. Here we report a case of native mitral valve IE caused by this agent in which the clinical abse ...201121861012
neutrophil function of neonatal foals is enhanced in vitro by cpg oligodeoxynucleotide stimulation.rhodococcus equi is an intracellular bacterium that causes pneumonia in foals and immunocompromised adult horses. evidence exists that foals become infected with r. equi early in life, a period when innate immune responses are critically important for protection against infection. neutrophils are innate immune cells that play a key role in defense against this bacterium. enhancing neutrophil function during early life could thus help to protect foals against r. equi infection. the objective of o ...201122197007
Identification of the major functional proteins of Prokaryotic lipid droplets.Storage of cellular triacylglycerols (TAG) in lipid droplets (LDs) has been linked to the progression of many metabolic diseases in humans, and to the development of biofuels from plants and microorganisms. However, the biogenesis and dynamics of LDs are poorly understood. Compared with other organisms bacteria seem to be a better model system for studying LD biology since they are relatively simple and are highly efficient in converting biomass to TAG. We obtained highly purified LDs from Rhodo ...201122180631
Metabolic engineering of hydrophobic Rhodococcus opacus for biodesulfurization in oil-water biphasic reaction mixtures.An organic solvent-tolerant bacterium, Rhodococcus opacus B-4, was metabolically engineered to remove sulfur from dibenzothiophene (DBT), a component of crude oil. The resulting recombinant strain ROD2-8 constitutively expressed the Rhodococcus erythropolis IGTS8 genes dszA, dszB, and dszC, encoding dibenzothiophene sulfone monooxygenase, 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl) benzenesulfinate desulfinase, and dibenzothiophene monooxygenase, respectively, of the 4S pathway to avoid transcriptional inhibition by t ...201122099375
Bioconversion of lignin model compounds with oleaginous Rhodococci.Although economically efficient biomass conversion depends on the utilization of the complete cell wall (biorefinery concept), including polysaccharides and lignin, current biofuels research concentrate mostly on cellulose conversion, while lignin is viewed as a side-product that is used primarily as a thermal resource. Microbiological conversion of lignin is almost exclusive to fungi, usually resulting in increased cell mass and lignolytic enzymes. Some bacteria can also degrade lignin-related ...201122159607
Activity of 3-ketosteroid 9a-hydroxylase (KshAB) indicates cholesterol side chain and ring degradation occur simultaneously in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), a significant global pathogen, contains a cholesterol catabolic pathway. Although the precise role of cholesterol catabolism in Mtb remains unclear, the Rieske monooxygenase in this pathway, 3-ketosteroid 9a-hydroxylase (KshAB), has been identified as a virulence factor. To investigate the physiological substrate of KshAB, a rhodococcal acyl-CoA synthetase was used to produce the coenzyme A thioesters of two cholesterol derivatives: 3-oxo-23,24-bisnorchol-4-en-2 ...201121987574
Genome sequence of Rhodococcus erythropolis XP, a biodesulfurizing bacterium with industrial potential.Rhodococcus erythropolis strains have shown excellent characteristics in petroleum oil biodesulfurization. Here we present the first announcement of the draft genome sequence of an efficient biodesulfurizing bacterium named R. erythropolis XP (7,229,582 bp). The biodesulfurizing genes dszABC are located on a plasmid, while the flavin reductase gene dszD is located on the chromosome.201122038975
The 24-bp consensus sequence responsible for regulation of the BphS1T1 two-component system in a hybrid promoter.Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 degrades polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by cometabolism with biphenyl. The bphS1T1-coding two-component system, which is composed of a sensor kinase, BphS1, and a response regulator, BphT1, activates the transcription of biphenyl/PCB degradation genes from the five promoters of bphAa, etbAa1, etbAa2, etbAd, and etbD1 in the presence of aromatics, such as biphenyl and ethylbenzene. The transcription start sites of etbAd and etbD1 were determined and the results indicated ...201122133760
degradation of ochratoxin a by brevibacterium species.the ability to degrade ochratoxin a was studied in different bacteria with a well-known capacity to transform aromatic compounds. strains belonging to rhodococcus, pseudomonas, and brevibacterium genera were grown in liquid synthetic culture medium containing ochratoxin a. brevibacterium spp. strains showed 100% degradation of ochratoxin a. ochratoxin α was detected and identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (hplc-ms) as a degradation product in the cell-free supe ...201121892825
butyric acid- and dimethyl disulfide-assimilating microorganisms in a biofilter treating air emissions from a livestock facility.biofiltration has proven an efficient tool for the elimination of volatile organic compounds (vocs) and ammonia from livestock facilities, thereby reducing nuisance odors and ammonia emissions to the local environment. the active microbial communities comprising these filter biofilms have not been well characterized. in this study, a trickle biofilter treating air from a pig facility was investigated and proved efficient in removing carboxylic acids (>70% reduction), mainly attributed to the pri ...201122003018
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