Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| [transfer of insecticidal protein gene from bacillus thuringiensis into conventional maize inbred-line mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens]. | excellent inbred-lines of maize,340 and 4112, which were used largely in hybridized combination were transformed with agrobacterium tumefaciens. the immature embryos and their original calli were infected by a.tumefaciens lba4404 containing plasmid pgbil04. after 3 days of co-cultivation, the immature embryos and calli were continuously selected on the medium containing phosphinothricin (ppt) for 3 generations, then plants were regenerated. it was proved by pcr analysis that the target bt gene h ... | 2002 | 15901560 |
| bt-transgenic oilseed rape hybridization with its weedy relative, brassica rapa. | the movement of transgenes from crops to weeds and the resulting consequences are concerns of modern agriculture. the possible generation of "superweeds" from the escape of fitness-enhancing transgenes into wild populations is a risk that is often discussed, but rarely studied. oilseed rape, brassica napus (l.), is a crop with sexually compatible weedy relatives, such as birdseed rape (brassica rapa (l.)). hybridization of this crop with weedy relatives is an extant risk and an excellent intersp ... | 2002 | 15612253 |
| ostrinia nubilalis parasitism and the field abundance of non-target insects in transgenic bacillus thuringiensis corn (zea mays). | in this study, we evaluated in field trials the effects on non-target species, of transgenic corn producing the cry1ab toxin of bacillus thuringiensis (bt). in 1998, we collected ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) larvae from transgenic bt corn (novartis hybrid 176) and non-bt corn at four geographical sites. we found a significant variation in parasitism by the tachinids lydella thompsoni (herting) and pseudoperichaeta nigrolineata (walker) among sites, and more parasitism in non-bt than in bt fields. ... | 2002 | 15612256 |
| [transferring of multiple insect-resisting genes into two-line genetic male sterile rice pei'ai 64s by particle bombardment]. | transformation of two-line genetic male sterile indica rice variety pei'ai 64s was conducted by particle bombardment. three insect-resisting genes ligased into plasmid vector pkc-3 was introduced into calli derived from mature embryo and a total of 33 transgenic plants had been obtained. the pcr and southern blot analysis of each different gene in r0 plants and also pcr analysis of each different gene in r1 plants showed the integration of three insect-resisting genes into the genome of transgen ... | 2002 | 15344316 |
| [transformation of bt-cpti fusion protein gene to cabbage (brassica oleracea var. capitata) mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens and particle bombardment]. | bt-cpti fusion protein gene was transferred to the explants of hypocotyl, cotyledon with petiole and shoot apex of cabbage (brassica oleracea l. var. capitata) variety "zhonggan no 8" via agrobacterium tumefaciens and particle bombardment, and 13 kanamycin-resistant plants were obtained. pcr and southern blotting hybridization verified that all these plants of the kanr plants of type i regenerated from hypocotyl and cotyledon with petiole mediated by a. tumefaciens were transgenic plants, 2 karr ... | 2002 | 15344329 |
| laboratory evaluation of vectobac as against aedes aegypti in monterrey, nuevo león, mexico. | intensive use of the organophosphate insecticide malathion against adults and temephos against larvae of aedes aegypti in mexico over the past 30 years has led to problems requiring the use of new larvicides. toward this objective, bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (bti), a target-specific and environmentally safer control agent, was evaluated. laboratory bioassays were done to determine the susceptibility of 2nd- and 3rd-stage larvae of ae. aegypti to vectobac 12 as (aqueous suspension, 6 ... | 2002 | 12545970 |
| [studies on the distorted segregation of foreign genes in transgenic rice progenies]. | the segregation mode of transgenes was investigated in the transgenic progenies of three rice varieties (lines) produced by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. the transgenic lines all contained the bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab gene, under the control of a maize ubiquitin promoter, and linked in tandem with gusa and hpt genes. pcr analysis showed the transgenes cry1ab and gusa co-segregated in all self and crossed progenies tested. therefore, gus bio-assay of leaf or endosperm tissues was us ... | 2002 | 12645265 |
| broccoli plants with pyramided cry1ac and cry1c bt genes control diamondback moths resistant to cry1a and cry1c proteins. | this study was undertaken to determine the effects of pyramiding two bacillus thuringiensis (bt) genes in the same plant on the production of bt proteins and the control of diamondback moths (dbm, plutella xylostella) resistant to one or the other protein. broccoli lines carrying both cry1ac and cry1c bt genes were produced by sexual crosses of cry1ac- and cry1c-transgenic plants. plants containing both genes were selected by tests for resistance to kanamycin and hygromycin, and confirmed by pcr ... | 2002 | 12582527 |
| inheritance and expression of the cry1ab gene in bt ( bacillus thuringiensis) transgenic rice. | the inheritance and expression patterns of the cry1ab gene were studied in the progenies derived from different bt ( bacillus thuringiensis) transgenic japonica rice lines under field conditions. both mendelian and distorted segregation ratios were observed in some selfed and crossed f(2) populations. crosses between japonica intra-subspecies had no significant effect on the segregation ratios of the cry1ab gene, but crossing between japonica and indicainter-subspecies led to distorted segregati ... | 2002 | 12582680 |
| host plant resistance to insects: an eco-friendly approach for pest management and environment conservation. | host plant resistance (hpr) to insects is an effective, economical, and environment friendly method of pest control. the most attractive feature of hpr is that farmers virtually do not need any skill in application techniques, and there is no cash investment by the resource poor farmers. considerable progress has been made in identification and development of crop cultivars with resistance to the major pests in different crops. there is a need to transfer resistance genes into high-yielding cult ... | 2002 | 12602847 |
| effect of subchronic feeding of genetically modified corn (cbh351) on immune system in bn rats and b10a mice. | subchronic animal feeding studies to examine the effect on the immune system of genetically modified corn cbh351, which contains the cry9c protein derived from bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tolworthi, were conducted in female bn rats and b10a mice. the studies were designed to compare the effect of a line of genetically modified corn cbh351 (gm corn) with that of isoline corn (non-gm corn). heat-treated corn meal was incorporated into the diets of the rats and mice at a concentration of 50%. ... | 2002 | 12607925 |
| [research advances in soil persistence characteristics of toxins released by transgenic bt crops and their relationships with soil properties]. | with the popularization and application of transgenic bt crops, and increasing attention has been paid to their potential impact on ecological environment and other aspects. and, as the development of detecting techniques for bt toxin protein and soil were made by oversea researchers. this paper reviewed the current situation of the studies on the insecticidal characteristics and detecting methods of toxin proteins released by transgenic bt crops, the potentical risk of their field release, the ... | 2002 | 12625012 |
| control of the aedes vectors of the dengue viruses and wuchereria bancrofti: the french polynesian experience. | in most of the 130 islands of french polynesia, the stenotopic mosquitoes aedes aegypti (the main local vector for the viruses causing dengue) and aedes polynesiensis (the main local vector of wuchereria bancrofti) share many breeding sites in water containers such as discarded cans, coconut shells, buckets and water-storage pots and drums. in addition to selective application of insecticides, non-polluting methods of controlling these mosquitoes have been evaluated during the last decade in two ... | 2002 | 12625924 |
| [cloning and expression product of vip3a gene from bacillus thuringiensis and analysis of inseceicidal activity]. | the vip3 a gene in a size of 2.3 kb amplified from wild-type bacillus thuringiensis strain s184 by pcr was cloned into pgem-t easy vector and its sequence was analysized by dnastar. the plasmid potp was constructed by inserting vip3a-s184 gene into the expression vector pqe30 and then was transformed into e. coli m15. e. coli m15 cells harbouring the plasmid potp were induced with 1 mmol/l iptg to express 89 kd protein which was confirmed to be vip3a-s184 by western blot. experiments showed that ... | 2002 | 12674638 |
| [pcr detection of transgenic elements in feed raw material]. | based on the heterogeneous genes usually used in transgenic crops, the pcr technique was performed with primers derived from camv 35s promoter (35s-promoter,originated from cauliflower mosaic virus), nos terminator (nopaline synthase-terminator,derived from agrobacterium tumefaciens), epsps (5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) gene, and cryia(b) (delta-endotoxin,evolved from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki) gene to detect transgenic agents from feed raw materials of soybean dregs ... | 2002 | 16126685 |
| [effects of carbon sources on the expression of cry1d -lacz in bacillus thuringiensis]. | in order to investigate the influence of the carbon source on the expression of cry1d -lacz in bacillus thuringiensis with different genetic backgrounds, cry1d -lacz was introduced into different strains and cultured in liquid medium containing different carbon sources. analysis of activity of beta-galactosidase showed that cry1d -lacz expressed differently in the same host because of different carbon sources and differently in different hosts utilizing same carbon sources,suggesting that metabo ... | 2002 | 16126687 |
| a novel industrial-level reactor with two dynamic changes of air for solid-state fermentation. | a novel industrial-level solid-state reactor (70 m3) with two dynamic changes of air was designed and has been put into operation successfully, in which the unite of virulence of bacillus thuringiensis produced is maintained above 18,000 iu/mg. two dynamic changes of air (including air pressure pulsation and internal circulation) in the fermentor can increase mass and heat transfers, as well as improve the porosity within the substrate. the reactor is novel and of significance in exploiting nume ... | 2002 | 16233189 |
| transfer of plasmid pbc16 between bacillus thuringiensis strains in non-susceptible larvae. | plasmid transfer was investigated in larvae of insects of the orders coleoptera, diptera, and lepidoptera. the effects of introducing bacillus thuringiensis strains in live non-susceptible larvae, and in the presence of added insecticidal toxins to kill the larvae, were examined. plasmid transfer was not detected as the strains passed through non-susceptible live larvae, but was detected when the larvae were toxin-killed. the results indicate that growth of b. thuringiensis and plasmid transfer ... | 2002 | 19709226 |
| geographical variation in larval susceptibility of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella (lepidoptera: plutellidae) to bacillus thuringiensis spore-crystal mixtures and purified crystal proteins and associated resistance development in india. | the susceptibility of larvae of the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella linnaeus to purified crystal proteins and spore-crystal preparations of bacillus thuringiensis was investigated for 13 populations from seven states in india. the lc50 (microg ml(-1), 48 h) values of cry proteins for different populations of p. xylostella ranged from 0.14-3.74 (cry1aa), 0.007-1.25 (cry1ab), 0.18-2.47 (cry1ac) and 0.12-3.0 (cry1c). the lc50 (mg (ai) l(-1), 48 h) of spore-crystal preparations ranged from 0.0 ... | 2002 | 17598300 |
| the toxicity test and hypothetical model of bacillus thuringiensis cry1aa helix4. | development of targeted biological agents against agricultural insect pests is of prime importance for the elaboration and implementation of integrated pest management strategies that are environment-friendly, respectful of bio-diversity and safer to human health through reduced use of chemical pesticides. a major goal to understand how bt toxins work is to elucidate the functions of their three domains. domains ii and iii are involved in binding specificity and structural integrity, but the fun ... | 2002 | 18762887 |
| [interaction between insecticidal crystal proteins and dna molecule from bacillus thuringiensis]. | 2003 | 16276883 | |
| [cloning and expression of icp cry1ab16 gene of bacillus thuringiensis]. | with two pairs of primers designed on the basis of the sequence of cry1 and cry1ab gene from bacillus thuringiensis (bt), a novel insecticidal crystal protein crylab gene of bt was amplified from bacillus strain ac-11 by using long template pcr system. southernblot further confirmed that the novel gene existed in plasmid of the strain. the amplified fragment was sequenced and compared with cry1ab1 gene in embl/genbank. the results showed that eight nucleotides and seven amino acid residues were ... | 2003 | 16276913 |
| [characterization of insecticidal crystal proteins genes from bacillus thuringiensis 4.0718 strain]. | in this study, we rapidly identified bacillus thuringiensis 4.0718 strain that harbored the known cryl and cry2 type genes by a pcr strategy. three pairs of universal oligonucleotide primers were designed to detect all known cry1, cry2 and cry3 type gene sequences. then the dna of the positive strain 4.0718 was probed with a set of specific primers. one feature of this screening method was that each gene was expected to produce a pcr product having a precise molecular weight. pcr products having ... | 2003 | 16279211 |
| degradation of the cry1ab protein within transgenic bacillus thuringiensis corn tissue in the field. | large quantities of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn plant residue are left in the field after harvest, which may have implications for the soil ecosystem. potential impacts on soil organisms will also depend on the persistence of the bt toxin in plant residues. therefore, it is important to know how long the toxin persists in plant residues. in two field studies in the temperate corn-growing region of switzerland we investigated degradation of the cry1ab toxin in transgenic bt corn leaves durin ... | 2003 | 12675831 |
| activity of wild-type and hybrid bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins against agrotis ipsilon. | twelve cry1 and two cry9 delta-endotoxins from bacillus thuringiensis were tested for their activity against black cutworm ( agrotis ipsilon). a. ipsilon was not susceptible to many toxins, but three toxins had significant activity. cry9ca was the most toxic, followed by cry1aa and cry1fb. hybrids between these three active proteins were made by in vivo recombination and analyzed for activity against a. ipsilon. analysis of hybrids between cry1aa and cry1fb indicated that domain i of cry1aa prot ... | 2003 | 12677360 |
| detection of cry1ab protein in gastrointestinal contents but not visceral organs of genetically modified bt11-fed calves. | the fate of insecticidal cry1ab protein was examined in the gastrointestinal (gi) contents and visceral organs of calves fed insect-resistant genetically modified maize bt11. twelve cross-breed (japanese black x holstein) calves were fed either bt11 or non-genetically modified isoline maize for 90 d. peripheral blood, rumen juice and feces were collected fortnightly, and gi contents and visceral organs were collected at slaughter at the end of the experiment. samples were checked for cry1ab prot ... | 2003 | 12678290 |
| detection of genetically modified maize dna fragments in the intestinal contents of pigs fed starlink cbh351. | we tried to detect dna fragments derived from maize in the intestinal contents of pigs fed genetically modified (gm) starlink cbh351 maize (sl) or non-gm maize. intestinal contents of 8 sl and 8 non-gm maize-fed pigs were collected at slaughter, and the genes of the recombinant cry9c and the maize intrinsic zein (zel) were assayed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) 3 times with a total of 4 primer pairs of different expected lengths. the cry9c gene (either 103 or 170 bp) was detected in the rect ... | 2003 | 12678298 |
| sphingosine phosphate lyase expression is essential for normal development in caenorhabditis elegans. | sphingolipids are ubiquitous membrane constituents whose metabolites function as signaling molecules in eukaryotic cells. sphingosine 1-phosphate, a key sphingolipid second messenger, regulates proliferation, motility, invasiveness, and programmed cell death. these effects of sphingosine 1-phosphate and similar phosphorylated sphingoid bases have been observed in organisms as diverse as yeast and humans. intracellular levels of sphingosine 1-phosphate are tightly regulated by the actions of sphi ... | 2003 | 12682045 |
| the drosophila immune system detects bacteria through specific peptidoglycan recognition. | the drosophila immune system discriminates between different classes of infectious microbes and responds with pathogen-specific defense reactions through selective activation of the toll and the immune deficiency (imd) signaling pathways. the toll pathway mediates most defenses against gram-positive bacteria and fungi, whereas the imd pathway is required to resist infection by gram-negative bacteria. the bacterial components recognized by these pathways remain to be defined. here we report that ... | 2003 | 12692550 |
| three cadherin alleles associated with resistance to bacillus thuringiensis in pink bollworm. | evolution of resistance by pests is the main threat to long-term insect control by transgenic crops that produce bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins. because inheritance of resistance to the bt toxins in transgenic crops is typically recessive, dna-based screening for resistance alleles in heterozygotes is potentially much more efficient than detection of resistant homozygotes with bioassays. such screening, however, requires knowledge of the resistance alleles in field populations of pests that ... | 2003 | 12695565 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of bacillus thuringiensis gene fragments isolated by restriction digest pcr. | to clone and analyze bacillus thuringiensis gene fragments isolated by restriction digest pcr (rd-pcr). | 2003 | 12697463 |
| the bacillus thuringiensis plcr-regulated gene inha2 is necessary, but not sufficient, for virulence. | we previously reported that bacillus thuringiensis strain 407 cry 32(-) secretes a zinc-requiring metalloprotease, inha2, that is essential for virulence in orally infected insects. analysis of the inha2-lacz transcriptional fusion showed that inha2 expression is repressed in a plcr(-) background. using dnase i footprinting experiments, we demonstrated that plcr activates inha2 transcription directly by binding to a dna sequence showing a one-residue mismatch with the previously reported plcr bo ... | 2003 | 12700261 |
| attempts to detect transgenic and endogenous plant dna and transgenic protein in muscle from broilers fed yieldgard corn borer corn. | questions regarding the digestive fate of dna and protein from transgenic grain have been raised in regard to human consumption and trade of animal products (e.g., meat, milk, and eggs) from farm animals fed transgenic crops. using highly sensitive, fully characterized analytical methods, fragments of transgenic and endogenous plant dna, as well as transgenic protein, were not detected in chicken breast muscle samples from animals fed yieldgard corn borer corn event mon 810 (yg). total dna was e ... | 2003 | 12705396 |
| cloning of a heliothis virescens 110 kda aminopeptidase n and expression in drosophila s2 cells. | we previously identified a novel heliothis virescens 110 kda aminopeptidase n (apn) that binds bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ac and cry1fa delta-endotoxins, and cloned an internal region of the 110 kda apn gene (banks et al., 2001). here we describe the race-pcr cloning and sequence of a cdna encoding 110 kda apn. the 110 kda apn gene was transiently co-expressed with green fluorescent protein (gfp) in drosophila s2 cells using the pizt expression vector. enrichment of total membranes purified ... | 2003 | 12706629 |
| evaluation of transgenic event bt11 hybrid corn in broiler chickens. | a feeding study evaluated whether standard broiler diets prepared with grain derived from syngenta seeds nk brand bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn hybrids had any adverse effects on male or female broiler chickens. four kinds of corn grain were used in this study: (1) grain from the bt-expressing field corn hybrid n7070bt, (2) grain from the n7070bt hybrid that had been sprayed with liberty brand herbicide (glufosinate) according to manufacturer's instructions (n7070bt + liberty), (3) grain from ... | 2003 | 12710473 |
| optimizing the interfacial binding and activity of a bacterial phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c. | the phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c from bacillus thuringiensis can be activated by nonsubstrate interfaces such as phosphatidylcholine micelles or bilayers. this activation corresponds with partial insertion into the interface of two tryptophans, trp-47 in helix b and trp-242 in a loop, in the rim of the alphabeta-barrel. both w47a and w242a have much weaker binding to interfaces and considerably lower kinetic interfacial activation. tryptophan rescue mutagenesis, reinsertion of a ... | 2003 | 12714598 |
| specific mutations within the alpha4-alpha5 loop of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4b toxin reveal a crucial role for asn-166 and tyr-170. | the widely accepted model for toxicity mechanisms of the bacillus thuringiensis cry delta-endotoxins suggests that helices alpha4 and alpha5 form a helix-loop-helix hairpin structure to initiate membrane insertion and pore formation. in this report, alanine substitutions of two polar amino acids (asn-166 and tyr-170) and one charged residue (glu-171) within the alpha4-alpha5 loop of the 130-kda cry4b mosquito-larvicidal protein were initially made via polymerase chain reaction-based directed mut ... | 2003 | 12721492 |
| concerns over refuge size for us epa-approved bt corn. | 2003 | 12721555 | |
| the genome sequence of bacillus anthracis ames and comparison to closely related bacteria. | bacillus anthracis is an endospore-forming bacterium that causes inhalational anthrax. key virulence genes are found on plasmids (extra-chromosomal, circular, double-stranded dna molecules) pxo1 (ref. 2) and pxo2 (ref. 3). to identify additional genes that might contribute to virulence, we analysed the complete sequence of the chromosome of b. anthracis ames (about 5.23 megabases). we found several chromosomally encoded proteins that may contribute to pathogenicity--including haemolysins, phosph ... | 2003 | 12721629 |
| genome sequence of bacillus cereus and comparative analysis with bacillus anthracis. | bacillus cereus is an opportunistic pathogen causing food poisoning manifested by diarrhoeal or emetic syndromes. it is closely related to the animal and human pathogen bacillus anthracis and the insect pathogen bacillus thuringiensis, the former being used as a biological weapon and the latter as a pesticide. b. anthracis and b. thuringiensis are readily distinguished from b. cereus by the presence of plasmid-borne specific toxins (b. anthracis and b. thuringiensis) and capsule (b. anthracis). ... | 2003 | 12721630 |
| stable integration and expression of mosquito-larvicidal genes from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and bacillus sphaericus into the chromosome of enterobacter amnigenus: a potential breakthrough in mosquito biocontrol. | previously, we have successfully integrated a spectinomycin/streptomycin resistance gene into enterobacter amnigenus strain an11, a potential host for mosquito control, using in vivo recombination via homologous recombination (an11s4::omega). we now report the successful transfer of two mosquito-larvicidal genes, cry4b from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and binary toxin genes from bacillus sphaericus, into the host genome. to facilitate the screening procedure, the e. amnigenus deriv ... | 2003 | 12725934 |
| expression in pichia pastoris and purification of a membrane-acting immunotoxin based on a synthetic gene coding for the bacillus thuringiensis cyt2aa1 toxin. | we explored the production in pichia pastoris of a membrane-acting immunotoxin (it) based on the cyt2aa1 toxin from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kyushuensis. initial attempts at the p. pastoris expression of cyt2aa1 were not successful due to the high a+t-content of the native bacterial gene, resulting in premature transcription termination. accordingly, we designed and constructed a synthetic cyt2aa1 gene (syncyt2aa1)(2) that was optimised for expression in this eukaryotic ho ... | 2003 | 12729731 |
| cytolytic toxin cyt1a and its mechanism of membrane damage: data and hypotheses. | 2003 | 12732506 | |
| genome differences that distinguish bacillus anthracis from bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis. | the three species of the group 1 bacilli, bacillus anthracis, b. cereus, and b. thuringiensis, are genetically very closely related. all inhabit soil habitats but exhibit different phenotypes. b. anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax and is phylogenetically monomorphic, while b. cereus and b. thuringiensis are genetically more diverse. an amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis described here demonstrates genetic diversity among a collection of non-anthrax-causing bacillus species, ... | 2003 | 12732546 |
| molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of bacillus thuringiensis from root voles. | the root voles intestinal strains of bacillus thuringiensis, were characterised by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge). for 14 isolates, three pulsotypes were found, with the use of smai or noti as restriction enzymes. strains in each pulsotypes presented identical dna patterns, indicating that the population structure of b. thuringiensis from root voles is clonal. the similarities in banding patterns were estimated at 56% and 33% for smai and noti digests, respectively. the strains under st ... | 2003 | 12732973 |
| characterization of flagellar antigens and insecticidal activities of bacillus thuringiensis populations in animal feces. | in total, 287 bacillus thuringiensis isolates, recovered from feces of 28 zoo-maintained animal species, were examined for flagellar (h) antigenicity and insecticidal activity. serologically, 209 isolates (72.8%) were allocated to the 8 h serogroups, 4 were untypable, and 74 were untestable. among the 8 h serotypes detected, h3abc (serovar kurstaki) predominated at a high frequency of 88.0%, followed by h6 (serovar entomocidus) with a frequency of 7.7%. insecticidal activity was associated with ... | 2003 | 12732979 |
| initial frequency of alleles conferring resistance to bacillus thuringiensis poplar in a field population of chrysomela tremulae. | globally, the estimated total area planted with transgenic plants producing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins was 12 million hectares in 2001. the risk of target pests becoming resistant to these toxins has led to the implementation of resistance-management strategies. the efficiency and sustainability of these strategies, including the high-dose plus refuge strategy currently recommended for north american maize, depend on the initial frequency of resistance alleles. in this study, we estimate ... | 2003 | 12737656 |
| bacillus thuringiensis associated with faeces of the kerama-jika, cervus nippon keramae, a wild deer indigenous to the ryukyus, japan. | faeces of the kerama-jika (cervus nippon keramae), a wild shika deer indigenous to the ryukyus, japan, were examined for the natural occurrence of bacillus thuringiensis. of the ten faecal samples tested, seven contained this organism. the frequency of b. thuringiensis was 8.5% among 387 colonies of spore-forming bacteria belonging to the bacillus cereus/b. thuringiensis group. of 33 b. thuringiensis isolates recovered, only one isolate, assigned to the serotype h3abc (serovar kurstaki), exhibit ... | 2003 | 12746858 |
| frequency of alleles conferring resistance to bt maize in french and us corn belt populations of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis. | farmers, industry, governments and environmental groups agree that it would be useful to manage transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins to delay the evolution of resistance in target pests. the main strategy proposed for delaying resistance to bacillus thuringiensis ( bt) toxins in transgenic crops is the high-dose/refuge strategy. this strategy is based on the unverified assumption that resistance alleles are initially rare (<10(-3)). we used an f(2) screen on >1,200 isofemale lines of ... | 2003 | 12748773 |
| the patchwork nature of rolling-circle plasmids: comparison of six plasmids from two distinct bacillus thuringiensis serotypes. | bacillus thuringiensis, the entomopathogenic bacteria from the bacillus cereus group, harbors numerous extrachromosomal molecules whose sizes vary from 2 to more than 200kb. apart from the genes coding for the biopesticide delta-endotoxins located on large plasmids, little information has been obtained on these plasmids and their contribution to the biology of their host. in this paper, we embarked on a detailed comparison of six small rolling-circle replicating (rcr) plasmids originating from t ... | 2003 | 12749835 |
| effects of transgenic bt corn litter on the earthworm lumbricus terrestris. | a 200-day study was carried out to investigate the impact of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn on immature and adult lumbricus terrestris in the field and in the laboratory. another objective of this study was to develop test methods that could be used for standard testing of the impact of transgenic plants on different earthworm species in the field and in the laboratory. for this purpose two different experiments were involved, a laboratory experiment with adult l. terrestris and a f ... | 2003 | 12753225 |
| genes of bacillus cereus and bacillus anthracis encoding proteins of the exosporium. | the exosporium is the outermost layer of spores of bacillus cereus and its close relatives bacillus anthracis and bacillus thuringiensis. for these pathogens, it represents the surface layer that makes initial contact with the host. to date, only the bcla glycoprotein has been described as a component of the exosporium; this paper defines 10 more tightly associated proteins from the exosporium of b. cereus atcc 10876, identified by n-terminal sequencing of proteins from purified, washed exospori ... | 2003 | 12754235 |
| relationship of plcr-regulated factors to bacillus endophthalmitis virulence. | the explosive, destructive course of bacillus endophthalmitis has been attributed to the production of toxins during infection. in this study we analyzed the contribution of toxins controlled by the global regulator plcr to the pathogenesis of experimental bacillus endophthalmitis. isogenic plcr-deficient mutants of bacillus cereus and bacillus thuringiensis were constructed by insertional inactivation of plcr by the kanamycin resistance cassette, apha3. rabbit eyes were injected intravitreally ... | 2003 | 12761089 |
| expression of the bacillus thuringiensis cyt2aa1 toxin in pichia pastoris using a synthetic gene construct. | the nucleotide sequence data corresponding to the syncyt2aa1 open reading frame was deposited with the embl/genbank nucleotide sequence databases under the accession number af398463. bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins are membrane-active, pore-forming proteins with highly specific insecticidal activities. in addition to a well-established role in the biological control of a wide variety of crop pests and disease vectors, these toxins also have great potential for the development of anti-tum ... | 2003 | 12628007 |
| the dynamic spore. | 2003 | 12631692 | |
| a cadherin-like protein functions as a receptor for bacillus thuringiensis cry1aa and cry1ac toxins on midgut epithelial cells of bombyx mori larvae. | aminopeptidase n (apn) and cadherin-like protein (btr175) from bombyx mori larvae were examined for their roles in cry1aa- and cry1ac-induced lysis of b. mori midgut epithelial cells (mecs). apns and btr175 were present in all areas of the midgut, were particularly abundant in the posterior region, and were found only on columnar cell microvilli and not on the lateral membrane that makes cell-cell contacts. this distribution was in accordance with the distribution of cry1a-susceptible mecs in th ... | 2003 | 12633848 |
| host-plant-associated genetic differentiation in northern french populations of the european corn borer. | the phytophagous insects that damage crops are often polyphagous, feeding on several types of crop and on weeds. the refuges constituted by noncrop host plants may be useful in managing the evolution in pest species of resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis toxins produced by transgenic crops. however, the benefits of these refuges may be limited because host-plant diversity may drive genetic divergence and possibly even host-plant-mediated sympatric speciation. the european corn borer, ostrin ... | 2003 | 12634820 |
| isolation and characterisation of a novel bacteriocin produced by bacillus thuringiensis strain b439. | bacillus thuringiensis strain b439 produces a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance in its growth medium. this antimicrobial peptide, referred to as thuricin 439, acts as a bacteriocidal peptide and exhibits an apparent narrow range of inhibitory activity, essentially only affecting growth of bacillus cereus and b. thuringiensis strains. it remains active over a relatively wide ph and temperature range, showing no loss of activity following heat treatments up to 80 degrees c. purification of thu ... | 2003 | 12644238 |
| extractable soil lipids and microbial activity as affected by bt and non bt maize grown on a silty clay loam soil. | pyrolysis-gas (py-gc) chromatography was used to characterize extractable lipids from bt and non-bt maize shoots and soils collected at time of harvesting. py-gc-ms (mass spectrometry) showed that the concentrations of total alkenes identified in non-bt shoots and soils were 47.9 and 21.3% higher than in bt maize shoots and soils, respectively. n-alkanes identified were of similar orders of magnitude in bt and non-bt maize shoots, but were 28.6% higher in bt than in non-bt soils. bt maize shoots ... | 2003 | 12617558 |
| binding properties of bacillus thuringiensis cry1c delta-endotoxin to the midgut epithelial membranes of culex pipiens. | the cry1c delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis is toxic to both lepidopteran and dipteran insect larvae. to analyze the dipteran-specific insecticidal mechanisms, we investigated the properties of cry1c binding to the epithelial cell membrane of the larval midgut from the mosquito culex pipiens in comparison with dipteran-specific cry4a. immunohistochemical staining of the larval midgut sections from culex pipiens showed that cry1c and cry4a bound to the microvilli of the epithelial cells ... | 2003 | 12619679 |
| agency 'ignoring its advisers' over bt maize. | 2003 | 12621399 | |
| distribution and diversity of cry genes in native strains of bacillus thuringiensis obtained from different ecosystems from colombia. | colombia is a tropical country located at the north of south america. it is considered to be one of the most important countries in terms of its biodiversity worldwide. one hundred and eight soil samples obtained from agricultural crops and wild ecosystems were evaluated in terms of the presence of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) native strains. one hundred and eight different bt strains were isolated and characterized by the presence of crystal proteins by sds-page and a multiplex pcr with general ... | 2003 | 12623312 |
| deletion of the cry11a or the cyt1a toxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis: effect on toxicity against resistant culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | 2003 | 12623314 | |
| kinetics of size changes of individual bacillus thuringiensis spores in response to changes in relative humidity. | using an automated scanning microscope, we report the surprising result that individual dormant spores of bacillus thuringiensis grow and shrink in response to increasing and decreasing relative humidity. we simultaneously monitored the size of inorganic calibration particles. we found that the spores consistently swell in response to increased relative humidity, and shrink to near their original size on reexposure to dry air. although the dispersion of swelling amplitudes within an ensemble of ... | 2003 | 12584363 |
| pcr-based identification of bacillus thuringiensis pesticidal crystal genes. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is a molecular tool widely used to characterize the insecticidal bacterium bacillus thuringiensis. this technique can be used to amplify specific dna fragments and thus to determine the presence or absence of a target gene. the identification of b. thuringiensis toxin genes by pcr can partially predict the insecticidal activity of a given strain. pcr has proven to be a rapid and reliable method and it has largely substituted bioassays in preliminary classifica ... | 2003 | 12586389 |
| expression of a bacillus thuringiensisdelta-endotoxin cry1ab gene in bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis strains that naturally colonize the phylloplane of tomato plants (lycopersicon esculentum, mills). | to introduce a cry gene into microorganisms that naturally colonize the phylloplane of tomato plants to improve the persistence of the cry proteins for controlling a south american tomato moth (tuta absoluta, meyrick, 1917). | 2003 | 12588545 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of a mosquito-larvicidal toxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | the cry4b delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is specifically toxic to mosquito larvae. for a better understanding of the mechanism of toxicity, chymotrypsin-activated cry4b toxin (68 kda) has been purified and crystallized in sodium bromide at neutral ph. the well formed crystals belong to the rhombohedral space group r32, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 185.82, c = 187.93 a, and diffracted x-rays to 1.75 a resolution. the asymmetric unit contains one toxin molecule ... | 2003 | 12595735 |
| bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins that target nematodes. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crystal proteins are pore-forming toxins used as insecticides around the world. previously, the extent to which these proteins might also target the invertebrate phylum nematoda has been mostly ignored. we have expressed seven different crystal toxin proteins from two largely unstudied bt crystal protein subfamilies. by assaying their toxicity on diverse free-living nematode species, we demonstrate that four of these crystal proteins are active against multiple nemato ... | 2003 | 12598644 |
| insect resistance to bacillus thuringiensis: alterations in the indianmeal moth larval gut proteome. | insect resistance to the cry toxins of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has been examined previously using a number of traditional biochemical and molecular techniques. in this study, we utilized a proteomic approach involving two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and function-based activity profiling to examine changes in the gut proteins from the larvae of an indianmeal moth (imm, plodia interpunctella) colony exhibiting resistance to bt. we found a number of changes ... | 2003 | 12601079 |
| india dawdles over bt-cotton. | 2003 | 12776134 | |
| ahld, an n-acylhomoserine lactonase in arthrobacter sp., and predicted homologues in other bacteria. | quorum sensing is a signalling mechanism that controls diverse biological functions, including virulence, via n-acylhomoserine lactone (ahl) signal molecules in gram-negative bacteria. with the aim of isolating strains or enzymes capable of blocking quorum sensing by inactivating ahl, bacteria were screened for ahl degradation by their ability to utilize n-3-oxohexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (ohhl) as the sole carbon source. among four isolates, strain ibn110, identified as arthrobacter sp., was ... | 2003 | 12777494 |
| tritrophic choice experiments with bt plants, the diamondback moth (plutella xylostella) and the parasitoid cotesia plutellae. | parasitoids are important natural enemies of many pest species and are used extensively in biological and integrated control programmes. crop plants transformed to express toxin genes derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) provide high levels of resistance to certain pest species, which is likely to have consequent effects on parasitoids specialising on such pests. a better understanding of the interaction between transgenic plants, pests and parasitoids is important to limit disruption of bio ... | 2003 | 12779123 |
| determination of spore concentration in bacillus thuringiensis through the analysis of dipicolinate by capillary zone electrophoresis. | a new capillary zone electrophoresis (cze) method for the analysis of dipicolinic acid, a specific component found in spores but not in vegetative cells, was used to determine spore concentration in bacillus thuringiensis according to the relationship between the spore concentration and the content of dipicolinate. the quantitative relationship was established by using purified spores. electrolyte conditions that affected the separation efficiency of dipicolinate and the reproducibility were inv ... | 2003 | 12779231 |
| expression of a midgut-specific cadherin bt-r1 during the development of manduca sexta larva. | the btr-1 gene of manduca sexta (genbank af319973) encodes a cadherin, bt-r(1) (210-kda), which contains 12 ectodomain modules in association with a number of motifs potentially involved in interactions with cadherin and integrin. the molecule is a target receptor for bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxins that bind to bt-r(1) with high affinity and specificity. bt-r(1) is localized exclusively in the midgut epithelium. the amount of bt-r(1) protein increases dramatically during larval development, ... | 2003 | 12781980 |
| characterization of bacillus thuringiensis ser. jordanica (serotype h71), a novel serovariety isolated in jordan. | the novel strain of bacillus thuringiensis j112 isolated from a soil sample in jordan was classified and characterized in terms of toxicity against dipteran and nematode larvae, crystal protein pattern, plasmid profile, and cry gene content. a new name, bacillus thuringiensis serovariety jordanica (h serotype 71), is proposed for the reference strain j112. the parasporal crystal proteins were toxic to 3(rd) instar larvae of drosophila melanogaster and to 2(nd) stage juveniles of root knot nemato ... | 2003 | 12783189 |
| ex vivo cytotoxicity of the bacillus thuringiensis cry4b delta-endotoxin to isolated midguts of aedes aegypti larvae. | the pathological effect of the bacillus thuringiensis cry delta- endotoxins on susceptible insect larvae had extensive damage on the midgut epithelial cells. in this study, an ex vivo assay was devised for assessing the insecticidal potency of the cloned cry4b mosquito-larvicidal protein that is expressed in escherichia coli. determination of toxicity was carried out by using a cell viability assay on the midguts that were dissected from 5-day old aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. after incubation ... | 2003 | 12787485 |
| regulation of bt crops in canada. | the canadian food inspection agency (cfia) regulates environmental releases of plants with novel traits, which include transgenic plants such as bt crops. bt crops are regulated in canada because they express insect resistance novel to their species. commercialization of crops with novel traits such as the production of insecticidal bt proteins requires an approval for environmental release, as well as approvals for use as feed and food. environmental factors such as potential impacts on non-tar ... | 2003 | 12788275 |
| legal and regulatory concerns about transgenic plants in brazil. | brazil has a biosafety law that was approved in 1995. this law provides for a horizontal type of regulation that coordinates other existing regulatory frameworks in the areas of agriculture, health and environment. various federal government departments are responsible for implementing the law. the national technical biosafety commission is the national competent authority on biosafety with overall responsibility. in the case of bt plants or any insecticidal organism, the agrochemical law also a ... | 2003 | 12788276 |
| regulatory and associated political issues with respect to bt transgenic maize in the european union. | legislation at the national level in europe as well as that developed by the european union (eu) generally permits release and commercialization of genetically modified organisms (gmos). however, only 10 plant/event combinations were registered as of 2002: three maize events (bt176, mon810, and bt11), with the other seven divided among carnation (3), oil-seed rape (2), tobacco (1), and raddiccio (1). of these, only one maize event (bt176) has been registered as a legal variety, and this was in s ... | 2003 | 12788278 |
| considerations for conducting research in agricultural biotechnology. | science has shown its increased vulnerability because of two recent high-profile articles published in major journals on corn produced through biotechnology: a laboratory report suggesting profound consequences to monarch butterfly populations due to bt corn pollen and a report suggesting transgenic introgression into mexican maize. while both studies have been widely regarded as having flawed methodology, publishing these studies has created great consternation in the scientific community, regu ... | 2003 | 12788279 |
| precautionary risk assessment of bt maize: what uncertainties? | gm crops have become a test case for the conflicting slogans of 'the precautionary principle' versus 'sound science.' the issues can be illustrated by developments in regulatory science for bt maize in the european union. as this case study suggests, risk assessment is always framed by some account of the relevant uncertainties. these in turn depend upon how the environment is valued and how scientific questions are posed about cause-effect pathways of potential harm. the slogan of 'sound scienc ... | 2003 | 12788280 |
| fluorescent heteroduplex assay for monitoring bacillus anthracis and close relatives in environmental samples. | a fluorescent heteroduplex method was developed to assess the presence of 16s rrna gene (rdna) sequences from bacillus anthracis and close relatives in pcr-amplified 16s rdna sequence mixtures from environmental samples. the method uses a single-stranded, fluorescent dna probe, 464 nucleotides in length, derived from a b. anthracis 16s rrna gene. the probe contains a unique, engineered deletion such that all probe-target duplexes are heteroduplexes with an unpaired g at position 343 (deltag343). ... | 2003 | 12788732 |
| transgene expression in broccoli (brassica oleracea var. italica) clones propagated in vitro via leaf explants. | we have developed an efficient protocol for the in vitro propagation of transgenic broccoli plants using leaf explants as starting material. a high frequency of shoot formation from leaf explants was obtained on murashige and skoog medium containing benzyladenine (ba, 5 mg/l) and naphthaleneacetic acid (0.5 mg/l). frequent subcultures of existing shoots and shoot clusters to medium containing only ba (2 mg/l) promoted rapid shoot multiplication. the use of a 1:1 mixture of agargel and gelrite in ... | 2003 | 12789524 |
| investigation of the pore-forming mechanism of a cytolytic delta-endotoxin from bacillus thuringiensis. | cyt2aa1 is a cytolytic protein produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kyushuensis. penetration of the toxin into membranes has been studied to learn more about membrane-insertion mechanisms and transmembrane-pore formation. the haemolysis assay of cyt2aa1 showed a steep and sigmoidal dose-response curve, indicating that toxin aggregation or oligomerization is required for pore formation. studies of the effect of temperature on pore formation and fluorimetric studies of acrylodan-labelled toxi ... | 2003 | 12795638 |
| pulsed field gel electrophoresis of chromosomal dna reveals a clonal population structure to bacillus thuringiensis that relates in general to crystal protein gene content. | seventy strains of bacillus thuringiensis representing 21 serovars were allocated to 38 genomic groups using pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of restriction enzyme-digested dna. there was a broad correlation between pfge type and serotype for serovars darmstadiensis, israelensis, kenyae, kumamotoensis, kurstaki, sotto, thuringiensis, and tolworthi, although some serovars included atypical strains. serovars canadensis and entomocidus were heterogeneous. detection of crystal protein genes b ... | 2003 | 12799001 |
| the nicking homing endonuclease i-basi is encoded by a group i intron in the dna polymerase gene of the bacillus thuringiensis phage bastille. | here we describe the discovery of a group i intron in the dna polymerase gene of bacillus thuringiensis phage bastille. although the intron insertion site is identical to that of the bacillus subtilis phages spo1 and sp82 introns, the bastille intron differs from them substantially in primary and secondary structure. like the spo1 and sp82 introns, the bastille intron encodes a nicking dna endonuclease of the h-n-h family, i-basi, with a cleavage site identical to that of the spo1-encoded enzyme ... | 2003 | 12799434 |
| factors influencing the toxicity of xenobiotics against larval mosquitoes. | in order to examine the factors influencing xenobiotic toxicity against larval mosquitoes, the larvicidal performances of two conventional insecticides (temephos and bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis: bti) and a new potential phyto-insecticide (decomposed leaf litter) were compared under different conditions against three detritivorous larval mosquito types. bioassays performed under standard conditions indicated differential tolerance levels according to the xenobiotic and the larval type ... | 2003 | 12806839 |
| phylogenetic relationships between bacillus species and related genera inferred from comparison of 3' end 16s rdna and 5' end 16s-23s its nucleotide sequences. | the nucleotide sequences of the 3' end of the 16s rdna and the 16s-23s internal transcribed spacer (its) of 40 bacillaceae species were determined. these included 21 bacillus, 9 paenibacillus, 6 brevibacillus, 2 geobacillus, 1 marinibacillus and 1 virgibacillus species. comparative sequence analysis of a 220 bp region covering a highly conserved 150 bp sequence located at the 3' end of the 16s rrna coding region and a conserved 70 bp sequence located at the 5' end of the 16s-23s its of the 40 sp ... | 2003 | 12807189 |
| cloning and study of the expression of a novel cry1ia-type gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. | cloning and expression of a new cry1ia-type gene of bacillus thuringiensis. | 2003 | 12807450 |
| [cloning and sequencing of chitinase gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp israelensis]. | chitin, a linear homopolymer of n-acetyl-d-glucosamine, is a common constituent of fungal cell walls, exoskeletons of insects, and shells of invertebrates. thus, chitinase, a chitin hydrolytic enzyme, has become of interest for potential use as biopesticides for controlling insect pests. using a pair of specific primers, chitinase gene (ichi) was amplified by touchdown pcr from bacillus thuringiensis subsp israelensis chromosomal dna, and then subcloned into pgem-t easy vector. ichi sequence (ge ... | 2003 | 12812063 |
| clinical and laboratory investigation of allergy to genetically modified foods. | technology has improved the food supply since the first cultivation of crops. genetic engineering facilitates the transfer of genes among organisms. generally, only minute amounts of a specific protein need to be expressed to obtain the desired trait. food allergy affects only individuals with an abnormal immunologic response to food--6% of children and 1.5-2% of adults in the united states. not all diseases caused by food allergy are mediated by ige. a number of expert committees have advised t ... | 2003 | 12826483 |
| [hplc analysis of main flavonoid chemicals and their spatio-temporal dynamics in bt transgenic cotton]. | flavonoids are important chemicals of resistance to pests in cotton plant. the main flavonoid chemicals and their spatio-temporal dynamics of content in bt transgenic cotton were tested by hplc. the results showed that the flavonoid chemicals of resistance to pests mainly including rutin, isoquercitrin and quercetin could be detected and quantitatively analyzed by hplc. the contents of rutin, isoquercitrin and quercetin were the highest in petal, but lower in calyx, bract and cotton boll. moreov ... | 2003 | 12827880 |
| the cytotoxicity of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. coreanensis a1519 strain against the human leukemic t cell. | a novel cytotoxic protein was isolated from the crystal produced by bacillus thuringiensis subsp. coreanensis a1519 strain. upon treatment of the crystal proteins by proteinase k, the significant cytotoxicity toward the leukemic t cell, molt-4, was exhibited. the microscopic observation indicated that the cell death was accompanied by no extensive rupture of the cell membrane. it was, therefore, suggested that the cell death of molt-4 was induced through a mechanism other than the colloid-osmoti ... | 2003 | 12829258 |
| water-miscible organic cosolvents enhance phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c phosphotransferase as well as phosphodiesterase activity. | phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase c (pi-plc) from bacillus thuringiensis catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol (pi) in a ca(2+)-independent two-step mechanism: (i) an intramolecular phosphotransferase reaction to form inositol 1,2-(cyclic)-phosphate (cip), followed by (ii) a cyclic phosphodiesterase activity that converts cip to inositol 1-phosphate (i-1-p). moderate amounts of water-miscible organic solvents have previously been shown to dramatically enhance the cyclic phos ... | 2003 | 12832083 |
| [ecological risk of bt transgenic cotton and its management strategy]. | there may be several ecological impacts induced by transgenic cottons, apart from their direct impact on target pest. the interactions between target insect and transgenic cotton, and the way of toxic expressed by transgenic cotton varied with plant spatial parts and different growing stages are regarded as the main cause for insect to develop resistance. in transgenic cotton field, although chemicals applied to control major insect pest could be reduced greatly, insect community structure inclu ... | 2003 | 12836558 |
| activity of free and clay-bound insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis against the mosquito culex pipiens. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis produces parasporal insecticidal crystal proteins (icps) that have larvicidal activity against some members of the order diptera, such as blackflies and mosquitoes. hydrolysis of the icps in the larval gut results in four major proteins with a molecular mass of 27, 65, 128, and 135 kda. toxicity is caused by synergistic interaction between the 25-kda protein (proteolytic product of the 27-kda protein) and one or more of the higher-molecular-mass proteins ... | 2003 | 12839788 |
| identification of bacillus anthracis by rpob sequence analysis and multiplex pcr. | comparative sequence analysis was performed upon bacillus anthracis and its closest relatives, b. cereus and b. thuringiensis. portions of rpob dna from 10 strains of b. anthracis, 16 of b. cereus, 10 of b. thuringiensis, 1 of b. mycoides, and 1 of b. megaterium were amplified and sequenced. the determined rpob sequences (318 bp) of the 10 b. anthracis strains, including five korean isolates, were identical to those of ames, florida, kruger b, and western na strains. strains of the "b. cereus gr ... | 2003 | 12843020 |
| distribution of bollworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie), injured reproductive structures on genetically engineered bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki berliner cotton. | bollworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie), larvae are commonly observed feeding in genetically engineered bollgard cotton. although no information is currently available characterizing the levels of injury bollworms cause, aproximately 25% of the bollgard acreage in the united states receives at least one insecticide application annually targeting bollworm populations. studies were conducted to determine the levels of fruiting form injury that can occur from bollworm larvae feeding on white flowers of ... | 2003 | 12852607 |
| field and laboratory evaluations of transgenic cottons expressing one or two bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki berliner proteins for management of noctuid (lepidoptera) pests. | field studies were conducted from 1999 to 2001 to evaluate the efficacy of the transgenic cotton, gossypium hirsutum (l.), genotype, bollgard ii (monsanto 15985), which expresses two bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) proteins (cry1ac + cry2ab) that are active against lepidopterous pests. bollgard ii was compared with bollgard (dp50b), which expresses only one bt protein (cry1ac), and, in all tests, the conventional variety, dp50, was used as a non-bt control. larval populations of the bollwor ... | 2003 | 12852613 |
| susceptibility of leafrollers (lepidoptera: tortricidae) from organic and conventional orchards to azinphosmethyl, spinosad, and bacillus thuringiensis. | populations of obliquebanded leafroller, choristoneura rosaceana harris, and three-lined leafroller, pandemis limitata robinson, were obtained from seven sites in the okanagan and similkameen valleys of british columbia and assayed for their responses to three insecticides using a leaf disk bioassay. lethal concentration ratios (lcrs) were calculated for all populations compared with a susceptible laboratory colony of c. rosaceana; significant variation was detected in response to all three inse ... | 2003 | 12852631 |