Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms from a genomewide association study of alzheimer disease. | to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) associated with risk and age at onset of alzheimer disease (ad) in a genomewide association study of 469 438 snps. | 2008 | 17998437 |
| the utility of carpals for sex assessment: a preliminary study. | sex assessment is key when investigating human remains either from medicolegal contexts or archaeological sites. sex is usually assessed by examination of the skull and pelvis, but this may not always be possible if skeletal material is fragmented or incomplete. the present study investigated the potential for using carpals to assess sex, utilizing 100 individuals of known-sex from the christ church, spitalfields collection, curated at the natural history museum (london). a series of newly-defin ... | 2008 | 18000885 |
| transcript profile and localization of wnt signaling-related molecules in human endometrium. | the mrnas encoding several wnt ligands, frizzled receptors, and wnt antagonists were detected in human endometrium, including sfrp1; the levels of sfrp1 mrna were higher in the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle and increased in endometriotic tissue compared with control eutopic endometrium, and they were detected in both glandular and stromal cells but were more abundant in the stroma. our results suggest that wnt signaling could function in normal endometrial physiology and the the wnt ... | 2008 | 17889861 |
| significant rising antibody titres to influenza a are associated with an acute reduction in milk yield in cattle. | sporadic cases of an acute fall in milk production, "milk drop", were investigated in a holstein friesian dairy herd in devon. the investigation was a case control study with two controls per case. paired blood samples demonstrated that rising antibody titres to human influenza a/england/333/80 (h1n1) and human influenza a/eng/427/88 (h3n2) were associated with an acute fall in milk production. rising titres to bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine virus diarrhoea virus (bvd), infect ... | 2008 | 17851097 |
| resting energy expenditure, adiponectin and changes in body composition of young children (earlybird 34). | objective. serum adiponectin levels are inversely related to adiposity and resting energy expenditure (ree) in adults yet may protect against excess weight gain. little is known of these associations in children, in whom obesity is rising. the aim of this study was therefore to investigate the relationships between ree, adiponectin and weight gain in young children. methods. adiponectin by elisa, ree by indirect calorimetry, fat-free mass (ffm) and fat mass (fm) by dexa were measured at 6.9 year ... | 2008 | 17852541 |
| parvovirus b19 infection in five european countries: seroepidemiology, force of infection and maternal risk of infection. | we conducted a seroprevalence survey in belgium, finland, england & wales, italy and poland on 13 449 serum samples broadly representative in terms of geography and age. samples were tested for the presence of immunoglobulin g antibody using an enzyme immunoassay. the age-specific risk of infection was estimated using parametric and non-parametric statistical modelling. the age-specific risk in all five countries was highest in children aged 7-9 years and lower in adults. the average proportion ... | 2008 | 17956642 |
| influenza a and respiratory syncytial virus hospital burden in young children in east london. | epidemiological studies have demonstrated high hospitalization rates attributable to influenza and rsv in children aged 6 months and those aged <12 months, respectively (43 and 92.5/10 000 person-months, respectively). in conclusion, these high paediatric rsv and influenza incidence rates can be used to inform uk policy on childhood influenza immunization and subsequent rsv immunization in the future. | 2008 | 17903316 |
| assessing the impacts of agricultural intensification on biodiversity: a british perspective. | agricultural intensification is best considered as the level of human appropriation of terrestrial net primary production. the global value is set to increase from 30%, increasing pressures on biodiversity. the pressures can be classified in terms of spatial scale, i.e. land cover, landscape management and crop management. different lowland agricultural landscapes in great britain show differences among these pressures when habitat diversity and nutrient surplus are used as indicators. eutrophic ... | 2008 | 17785274 |
| investigating the dynamics of nurse migration in early career: a longitudinal questionnaire survey of variation in regional retention of diploma qualifiers in england. | increasing mobility of healthcare professionals has led to concerns that certain countries or regions are depleted of sufficient staff to meet healthcare needs. in formulating appropriate strategies to ensure better retention locally, human resource managers are hindered by lack of information about migration patterns. purpose and aims: purposes included studying movement of diploma nurses qualifying in england and contributing to literature on developing methods for obtaining migration data. sp ... | 2008 | 17706221 |
| hiv in gay and bisexual men in the united kingdom: 25 years of public health surveillance. | it is more than 25 years since the first case of aids was reported in the united kingdom. in december 1981 a gay man was referred to a london hospital with opportunistic infections indicative of immunosuppression. national surveillance began the following year, in september 1982, with the notification of deaths and clinical reports of aids and kaposi's sarcoma plus laboratory reports of opportunistic infections. since then epidemiological surveillance systems have evolved, adapting to, and takin ... | 2008 | 17662168 |
| maternal inheritance and familial fecundity factors in male homosexuality. | this study, following camperio-ciani, corna, and capiluppi [(2004), proceedings of the royal society of london, series b, biological sciences, 271, 2217-2221] aimed to examine the familial history of male homosexuality, and test the so-called "fertile female" hypothesis for this trait in a contemporary british sample. using a comparative survey design, we found that white (comprising those of anglo-european descent) and non-white (comprising ethnic "blacks, "south asians," "east asians," "hispan ... | 2008 | 17665299 |
| respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants admitted to paediatric intensive care units in london, and in their families. | we carried out a study in five london paediatric intensive care units (picus), with the objectives of describing a cohort of infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, comparing hospital diagnosis with pcr results and investigating the spread of rsv in families. eligible infants were under 5 months old and admitted betweem november 1998 and october 1999 with respiratory failure, apnoea and/or bradycardia or acute life threatening episodes (alte). we diagnosed rsv by pcr analysis o ... | 2008 | 17541638 |
| protecting contacts of hepatitis a: what's the difference between vaccine and human normal immunoglobulin? | the efficacy of vaccine when time since exposure is prolonged (more than 1 week from onset of illness in the index case) is unknown, but is likely to be significantly lower than human normal immunoglobulin (hnig). we estimated the number of additional secondary cases that may occur through giving vaccine instead of hnig to contacts of cases of hepatitis a who are identified more than 1 week after onset in the index case. this was calculated for different levels of vaccine efficacy, assuming hnig ... | 2008 | 17352837 |
| dynamics of salmonella transmission on a british pig grower-finisher farm: a stochastic model. | previous modelling studies have estimated that between 1% and 10% of human salmonella infections are attributable to pig meat consumption. in response to this food safety threat the british pig industry have initiated a salmonella monitoring programme. it is anticipated that this programme will contribute to achieving a uk food standards agency target for reducing salmonella levels in pigs at slaughter by 50% within 5 years. in order to better inform the monitoring programme, we have developed a ... | 2008 | 17475090 |
| immunophenotyping of lymphosarcoma in south american camelids on six british premises. | six cases of lymphosarcoma (lsa) in south american camelids (sacs) were selected from submissions to a diagnostic laboratory network servicing england and wales. immunophenotyping was carried out using anti-human cd3 and anti-human cd5 for t-cells; and anti-human cd79a and anti-human cd79b for b-cells/plasma cells. on the basis of labelling with mainly anti-cd3, four of the tumours were classified as t-cell tumours. one case was labelled with anti-cd79a and anti-cd79b, and was classified as a b- ... | 2008 | 17307369 |
| cryptosporidiosis in two alpaca (lama pacos) holdings in the south-west of england. | cryptosporidiosis was investigated on two alpaca (lama pacos) holdings in the south-west of england. diagnosis was initially confirmed in a cria with diarrhoea from each holding. cohort faeces samples were subsequently collected and examined for presence of cryptosporidium oocysts by immunofluorescence microscopy. on the first holding, 30 samples (24 adults, 6 crias) were tested, and oocysts were detected in three of the cria samples but in none of the adults. on the second holding, 14 floor fae ... | 2008 | 17374496 |
| the inventor of the divided airway. | 2008 | 19032273 | |
| genetic variation in stromal proteins decorin and lumican with breast cancer: investigations in two case-control studies. | the stroma is the supportive framework of biologic tissue in the breast, consisting of various proteins such as the proteoglycans, decorin and lumican. altered expression of decorin and lumican is associated with breast tumors. we hypothesized that genetic variation in the decorin (dcn) and lumican (lum) genes may contribute to breast cancer. | 2008 | 19036156 |
| bipartisan politics and practical knowledge: advertising of public science in two london newspapers, 1695-1720. | this article explores the enticement of consumers for natural philosophy (buyers of books, audiences at public lectures and purchasers of instruments) in london between 1695 and 1720 through advertisements placed in two political newspapers. this twenty-five-year period witnessed both the birth of public science and the rage of party politics. a consideration of public science adverts within the whig-leaning post man and the tory-leaning post boy reveals that members of both the whig and tory pa ... | 2008 | 19391417 |
| characterization of the vasodilatory action of testosterone in the human pulmonary circulation. | to assess for the first time the vasodilatory effect of testosterone in the human pulmonary circulation utilizing both isolated human pulmonary arteries and isolated perfused human lungs. in addition, a secondary aim was to determine whether there was any difference in the response to testosterone dependent upon gender. | 2008 | 19337559 |
| a forensic str profiling system for the eurasian badger: a framework for developing profiling systems for wildlife species. | developing short tandem repeat (str) profiling systems for forensic identification is complicated in animal species. obtaining a representative number of individuals from populations, limited access to family groups and a lack of developed str markers can make adhering to human forensic guidelines difficult. furthermore, a lack of animal specific guidelines may explain why many wildlife forensic str profiling systems developed to date have not appropriately addressed areas such as marker validat ... | 2008 | 19083789 |
| animal eggs for stem cell research: a path not worth taking. | in january 2008, the human fertilisation and embryology authority (hfea) (london, uk) issued two 1-year licenses for cytoplasmic hybrid embryo research. this article situates the hfea's decision in its wider scientific and political context in which, until quite recently, the debate about human embryonic stem cell research has focused narrowly on the moral status of the developing human embryo. next, ethical arguments against crossing species boundaries with humans are canvassed. finally, a new ... | 2008 | 19085470 |
| influenza vaccination coverage in england, 2000-2008. | 2008 | 19094912 | |
| public knowledge and attitudes towards human papilloma virus (hpv) vaccination. | human papilloma virus (hpv) vaccine has undergone successful trials and has recently been approved for use for the primary prevention of cervical cancer. the aim of this study was to determine knowledge and attitudes towards hpv vaccination. | 2008 | 18947430 |
| [historical note: in homage to lister]. | joseph lister, who disputes with klebs the third place as the father of microbiology, was just about to remain without a bacteria immortalizing his ñame. thanks to seeliger, now listeria is used for identifying the genus that pirie had already named listerella in 1927. through a quick review of the history of listeria monocytogenes, we get to know the principal facts in the lives of pirie and seeliger, investigators with absolutely different characters. we also review a brief history of the life ... | 2008 | 18949146 |
| packed with salmonella--investigation of an international outbreak of salmonella senftenberg infection linked to contamination of prepacked basil in 2007. | salmonella senftenberg is uncommon in the united kingdom. in january-june 2007, the health protection agency reported on 55 primary human cases of salmonella senftenberg in england and wales. in may 2007, fresh basil sold in the united kingdom was found to be contaminated with salmonella senftenberg. we launched an investigation to elucidate the cause of this outbreak. isolates were examined using plasmid profiling and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and the outbreak strain (ssftxb.0014) was i ... | 2008 | 18851676 |
| hexabromocyclododecanes and tetrabromobisphenol-a in indoor air and dust in birmingham, u.k: implications for human exposure. | hexabromocyclododecanes (alpha-, beta-, and gamma-hbcds) and tetrabromobisphenol-a (tbbp-a) were determined in indoor air from homes (n=33; median concentrations sigma hbcds = 180 pg m(-3); tbbp-a = 15 pg m(-3)), offices (n=25; 170; 11), public microenvironments (n=4; 900; 27) and outdoor air (n=5; 37; 1). hbcds and tbbp-a were also determined in dust from homes (n=45; median concentrations sigma hbcds = 1300 ng g(-1); tbbp-a = 62 ng g(-1)), offices (n=28; 760; 36), cars (n=20; 13,000; 2), and p ... | 2008 | 18853800 |
| identification of potential environmentally adapted campylobacter jejuni strain, united kingdom. | in a study of campylobacter infection in northwestern england, 2003-2006, c. jejuni multilocus sequence type (st)-45 was associated with early summer onset and was the most prevalent c. jejuni type in surface waters. st-45 is likely more adapted to survival outside a host, making it a key driver of transmission between livestock, environmental, and human settings. | 2008 | 18976567 |
| the polish version of the quality of life assessment of growth hormone deficiency in adults (qol-aghda) - four-stage translation and validation. | the quality of life assessment of growth hormone deficiency in adults (qol-aghda) was developed simultaneously in five languages (english, swedish, german, italian and spanish) to measure quality of life (qol) in adult patients with growth hormone (gh) deficiency. the aim of the project was to produce a validated polish version of the qol-aghda that was conceptually equivalent to the uk-english version. | 2008 | 18979446 |
| from oxford to hawaii ecophysiological barriers limit human progression in ten sport monuments. | in order to understand the determinants and trends of human performance evolution, we analyzed ten outdoor events among the oldest and most popular in sports history. best performances of the oxford-cambridge boat race (since 1836), the channel crossing in swimming (1875), the hour cycling record (1893), the elfstedentocht speed skating race (1909), the cross country ski vasaloppet (1922), the speed ski record (1930), the streif down-hill in kitzbühel (1947), the eastward and westward sailing tr ... | 2008 | 18985149 |
| prime contenders for public building award. | a new community hospital in lymington with what the judges describe as a "human scale that feels approachable, accessible and part of the local community", and a brighton seafront children's hospital with an imaginative external ship-shaped design, both pfi schemes, are among the shortlisted construction projects in the 2008 prime minister's better public building award competition. health estate journal reports. | 2008 | 18988609 |
| demographic determinants for campylobacter infection in england and wales: implications for future epidemiological studies. | despite a significant public health burden the epidemiology of human campylobacter infection remains blurred. the identification of demographic determinants for campylobacter infection is therefore essential for identifying potential areas for intervention. demographic data from an active, population-based sentinel surveillance system for campylobacter infection (from 2000 until 2003, n=15 907) were compared with appropriate denominator data from the 2001 united kingdom census. incidence was hig ... | 2008 | 19000328 |
| quality of child-parent attachment moderates the impact of antenatal stress on child fearfulness. | animal studies have shown that prenatal stress has persisting effects on several aspects of offspring development; more recent studies show that this effect may be eliminated by positive postnatal rearing. human studies of prenatal anxiety/stress are now also beginning to document links between antenatal stress/anxiety and behavioural and cognitive development of the child; however, there is no human evidence as to whether the early caregiving environment moderates the effect of antenatal anxiet ... | 2008 | 19017025 |
| setting up an enhanced surveillance of newly acquired hepatitis c infection in men who have sex with men: a pilot in london and south east region of england. | preliminary findings suggest ongoing hcv transmission among msm infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and that enhanced surveillance for newly acquired hcv in msm is feasible. | 2008 | 19021960 |
| infections detected in english surgical bone and deceased donors (2001-2006) and estimated risk of undetected hepatitis b and hepatitis c virus. | infections can be transmitted through donated tissue products, such as femoral heads. here we describe infections detected through microbiological testing of english surgical bone and deceased donors (2001-2006) and estimate the residual risk of infection. | 2008 | 19138256 |
| detection and characterisation of human metapneumovirus from children with acute respiratory symptoms in north-west england, uk. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) causes a spectrum of respiratory disease ranging from trivial coryzal symptoms to fatal pneumonia, with a predilection for the very young, the immune suppressed and the frail elderly. five distinct lineages of the virus genome have been described. | 2008 | 18455957 |
| junior doctors' working hours: perspectives on the reforms. | the european working time directive for junior doctors came into force in britain in august 2004. the reforms themselves have been a long time in development and implementation since the inception and debates regarding the new deal, to the current formations under health and safety legislation. this study, undertaken within a hospital trust setting in england, provides an insight into the perspectives of doctors, nurses and human resources managers in relation to the european working time direct ... | 2008 | 18460061 |
| outbreaks of hepatitis a in england and wales associated with two co-circulating hepatitis a virus strains. | during 2002, an upsurge in frequency of hepatitis a outbreaks among injecting drug users was observed in england and wales. as lack of risk factor information and the high mobility of the cases made linkage of outbreaks difficult, the relationship of nucleotide sequences in the vp1/2pa junction of the hepatitis a virus (hav) genome amplified from serum of case-patients was investigated. a total of 204 hav rna positive sera obtained from a network of 23 laboratories were studied. comparison of th ... | 2008 | 18461630 |
| pandemic flu: are we properly prepared? | this paper presents the proceedings of the 2006 conference 'pandemic flu: are we properly prepared?', held in london. this conference sought to provide an overview of the preparatory steps necessary if a potential uk pandemic influenza (flu) outbreak is to be mitigated. topics included the history of pandemic flu, research and development, antiviral drugs, clinical assessment of flu, and critical care contingency planning. the ethical dilemmas relating to a flu pandemic were also discussed. | 2008 | 18466936 |
| ama sumani: avoidable death of a deportee. | 2008 | 18479273 | |
| john martin wood (1938-2008)--pioneering biochemist, educator and communicator. | john martin wood, emeritus professor of medical biochemistry at the university of bradford died in wieck by greifswald, germany after a short illness on february 5, 2008 - just short of his 70(th) year. john worked as a pioneering biochemist and educator in the us and in britain across two research careers. he devoted the first twenty-five years to the role of transition metals in biology, and his last twenty-years to cutaneous enzymology and melanogenesis. working together with his wife profess ... | 2008 | 18479437 |
| 'i count myself as being in a different world': african gay and bisexual men living with hiv in london. an exploratory study. | the experiences of men from african backgrounds living with hiv who are gay/bisexual have so far been overlooked in the research on hiv in the uk. little is known about the ways that hiv impacts on this population. we report on an exploratory qualitative study with 8 gay/bisexual men from 7 different african countries living with hiv in london, based on in depth semi structured interviews and a thematic analysis. hiv testing and diagnosis, disclosure to others, social and sexual networks, sexual ... | 2008 | 18484332 |
| cardiovascular go annotation initiative year 1 report: why cardiovascular go? | gene ontology (go) vocabularies are an established standard for linking functional information to genes and gene products (www.geneontology.org/). a recent collaboration between university college london and the european bioinformatics institute is providing go annotation to human cardiovascular-associated genes (http://www.ucl.ac.uk/medicine/cardiovascular-genetics/geneontology.html). this report outlines the aims of this collaboration and summarizes how the cardiovascular community can help im ... | 2008 | 18491309 |
| influenza vaccination in adults with a long-term condition. | influenza is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in certain high-risk groups and the elderly. however, uptake rates of influenza vaccination by people in high-risk groups have been low. the aim of this study was to explore knowledge and views about the influenza vaccination in adults under 65 years with a long-term condition, in order to identify influences on people's decisions to be immunised and thereby improve uptake rates of the vaccination. recommendation from a hea ... | 2008 | 18497225 |
| human papillomavirus vaccine: some issues around consent remain unresolved. | 2008 | 18497380 | |
| incidence and causes of critical incidents in emergency departments: a comparison and root cause analysis. | to investigate the incidence of critical incidents in uk emergency departments (eds) and to compare the root causes of such incidents between different eds. | 2008 | 18499816 |
| low birth weight and allergy: possible pleiotropic effect of acp1. | the well-known relationship between low birth weight and allergies prompted us to investigate a possible pleiotropic effect of acp1 on these conditions. acp1 is a polymorphic enzyme that affects signal transduction of insulin and other growth factors, t-cell receptor signaling, and the regulation of flavoenzyme activity. our aim was to compare the relationship between acp1 and allergy with the relationship between acp1 and birth weight. we studied 299 subjects from the caucasian population of en ... | 2008 | 18505045 |
| lack of serologic evidence of neospora caninum in humans, england. | retrospective testing of 3,232 serum samples from the general population and 518 serum samples from a high-risk group showed no evidence of human exposure to neospora caninum in england. results were obtained by using immunofluorescence antibody testing and elisa to analyze frequency distribution. | 2008 | 18507920 |
| fit to thrive: the public health vision under threat? | 2008 | 18513763 | |
| failure to improve appropriateness of referrals to adult community mental health services--lessons from a multi-site cluster randomized controlled trial. | non-clinical factors impact on decisions about whether to refer a patient from primary care to specialist mental health services. the aim of this study was to investigate whether introducing a standardized assessment of severity improves agreement on referrals. | 2008 | 18515810 |
| [archie cochrane--the man behind evidence-based medicine. he died four years before the concept was coined]. | 2008 | 18522269 | |
| the birth prevalence of pku in populations of european, south asian and sub-saharan african ancestry living in south east england. | phenylketonuria (pku) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism (omim 261600). treatment with a low-phenylalanine diet following early ascertainment by newborn screening prevents impaired cognitive development, the major disease phenotype in pku. the overall birth prevalence of pku in european, chinese and korean populations is approximately 1/10,000. since the human pah locus contains pku-causing alleles and polymorphic core haplotypes that describe and corroborate an out-of-africa r ... | 2008 | 18184144 |
| a bed too far. the implementation of freedom of choice policy in the nhs. | freedom of hospital choice has become a popular policy among the european public health services to ensure better patient rights, reduce waiting times and improve efficiency and quality in public hospitals. the english national health service has recently adopted this policy. this organisation needs to introduce important reforms in order to implement this policy, in particular in the information that it provides to patients. this paper presents the andalusian health service (sas) initiative in ... | 2008 | 18078681 |
| lessons from 40 years' surveillance of influenza in england and wales. | the influenza virus continues to pose a significant threat to public health throughout the world. current avian influenza outbreaks in humans have heightened the need for improved surveillance and planning. despite recent advances in the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs, seasonal epidemics of influenza continue to contribute significantly to general practitioner workloads, emergency hospital admissions, and deaths. in this paper we review data produced by the royal college of general ... | 2008 | 18047750 |
| modelling the effect of urbanization on the transmission of an infectious disease. | this paper models the impact of urbanization on infectious disease transmission by integrating a ca land use development model, population projection matrix model and ca epidemic model in s-plus. the innovative feature of this model lies in both its explicit treatment of spatial land use development, demographic changes, infectious disease transmission and their combination in a dynamic, stochastic model. heuristically-defined transition rules in cellular automata (ca) were used to capture the p ... | 2008 | 18068198 |
| factors associated with hiv seroconversion in gay men in england at the start of the 21st century. | to detect and quantify current risk factors for hiv seroconversion among gay men seeking repeat tests at sexual health clinics. | 2008 | 18003707 |
| growth in an english population from the industrial revolution. | the rapid urbanization of the industrial revolution in 18th-19th century england presented new health challenges. our aim is to investigate using english skeletal remains whether the living conditions for an urban working class group in the industrial revolution negatively impacted upon their skeletal growth compared with a population from a rural agrarian parish. the industrial revolution skeletal material is from st martin's churchyard, birmingham (smb), west midlands. it dates primarily from ... | 2008 | 18186509 |
| the liability of 'functional public authorities' for breach of echr rights: the house of lords endorses a palpable gap in human rights protection. | 2008 | 18187502 | |
| early predictors of mortality from pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in hiv-infected patients: 1985-2006. | pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (pcp) remains the leading cause of opportunistic infection among human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons. previous studies of pcp that identified case-fatality risk factors involved small numbers of patients, were performed over few years, and often focused on patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit. | 2008 | 18190281 |
| preparedness of residential and nursing homes for pandemic flu. | work is being undertaken across a wide range of agencies to ensure a high level of preparedness for pandemic influenza. in england, the department of health has published a range of guidance to support this. the impact of pandemic flu on care homes, especially if unprepared may have a major knock on effect on the rest of the health and social care system. | 2008 | 18208814 |
| uptake of first two doses of human papillomavirus vaccine by adolescent schoolgirls in manchester: prospective cohort study. | to assess the feasibility and acceptability of delivering a human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccine to adolescent girls. | 2008 | 18436917 |
| background exposure rates of terrestrial wildlife in england and wales. | it has been suggested that, when assessing radiation impacts on non-human biota, estimated dose rates due to anthropogenically released radionuclides should be put in context by comparison to dose rates from natural background radiation. in order to make these comparisons, we need data on the activity concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides in environmental media and organisms of interest. this paper presents the results of a study to determine the exposure of terrestrial organisms i ... | 2008 | 18440107 |
| phenotypic spectrum of neurodegeneration associated with mutations in the pla2g6 gene (plan). | neurodegeneration associated with brain iron accumulation (nbia) comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders in which disruption of cellular mechanisms leads to accumulation of iron in the basal ganglia. this group includes patients with recently discovered mutations in the pla2g6 gene encoding a calcium-independent phospholipase a2 enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycerophospholipids. previously, children with pla2g6 mutations have been diagnosed with several different disorders and we ... | 2008 | 18443314 |
| public health response to an avian influenza a (h5n1) poultry outbreak in suffolk, united kingdom, in november 2007. | 2008 | 18445374 | |
| a novel scheme for graft allocation in non-heart beating donor renal transplantation. | patients waiting more than 3 years for a renal transplant were ranked according to our novel bristol and region allocation by non-heart beating donor score (brands). one kidney from 40 non-heart beating donors was allocated to the highest brands long-waiter and the other kidney allocated according to the uk national allocation scheme (nas). the scheme reduced the number of patients waiting more than 3 years by 20%. despite longer dialysis time, greater sensitization and more human leukocyte anti ... | 2008 | 18551076 |
| health and human rights in sandwell and abroad. | 2008 | 18771189 | |
| securing health and human rights: sandwell's community health network. | minority communities face discrimination and abuse. the main health problems they face are those of severe and early chronic disease and poor well-being due to inequality in jobs, education and access to health care. the sandwell community health network provides support workers to six major minority groups in sandwell, providing information and access to skilled health services. without securing health as a basic right for our minorities we perpetuate divisions in our society which cause mistru ... | 2008 | 18771200 |
| children, young people and poverty in sandwell. | the un convention on the rights of the child applies to all children around the world. here in sandwell hearing the voice of children and young people has been instrumental in developing appropriate services for them. | 2008 | 18771201 |
| pathology departments are still holding human tissue, report says. | 2008 | 18799524 | |
| memory t cells established by seasonal human influenza a infection cross-react with avian influenza a (h5n1) in healthy individuals. | the threat of avian influenza a (h5n1) infection in humans remains a global health concern. current influenza vaccines stimulate antibody responses against the surface glycoproteins but are ineffective against strains that have undergone significant antigenic variation. an alternative approach is to stimulate pre-existing memory t cells established by seasonal human influenza a infection that could cross-react with h5n1 by targeting highly conserved internal proteins. to determine how common cro ... | 2008 | 18802496 |
| common variation in the wnk1 gene and blood pressure in childhood: the avon longitudinal study of parents and children. | wnk1 gene variants have been associated with adult blood pressure. we aimed to investigate relationships between wnk1 variants and blood pressure, as well as blood pressure change with age, in a longitudinal childhood study. associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in wnk1 and blood pressure and the rate of blood pressure change between 7 and 11 years were examined in the avon longitudinal study of parent and children study (n=5326 for systolic blood pressure at 11 years). we observe ... | 2008 | 18809789 |
| treatment of altered body composition in hiv-associated lipodystrophy: comparison of rosiglitazone, pravastatin, and recombinant human growth hormone. | treatment options for hiv-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (hals) remain limited. the objective of this randomized open-label study was to compare three emerging therapies, rosiglitazone, pravastatin, and growth hormone alone and together, in men and women with hals. | 2008 | 18753120 |
| preparing for disaster: response matrices in the usa and uk. | disasters, whether man-made or naturally occurring, require complex responses across multiple government agencies and private sector elements, including the media. these factors mandate that, for effective disaster management and because of the unpredictability of such events, response structures must be in place in advance, ready to be activated on short notice, with lines of responsibility clearly delineated and mechanisms for coordination of efforts already established. disaster response expe ... | 2008 | 18756376 |
| phenotypic heterogeneity and genetic modification of p102l inherited prion disease in an international series. | the largest kindred with inherited prion disease p102l, historically gerstmann-sträussler-scheinker syndrome, originates from central england, with émigrés now resident in various parts of the english-speaking world. we have collected data from 84 patients in the large uk kindred and numerous small unrelated pedigrees to investigate phenotypic heterogeneity and modifying factors. this collection represents by far the largest series of p102l patients so far reported. microsatellite and genealogic ... | 2008 | 18757886 |
| tracing the source of campylobacteriosis. | campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastro-enteritis in the developed world. it is thought to infect 2-3 million people a year in the us alone, at a cost to the economy in excess of us $4 billion. c. jejuni is a widespread zoonotic pathogen that is carried by animals farmed for meat and poultry. a connection with contaminated food is recognized, but c. jejuni is also commonly found in wild animals and water sources. phylogenetic studies have suggested that genotypes pathogenic ... | 2008 | 18818764 |
| legacies of garrod's brilliance. one hundred years--and counting. | one hundred years ago--in 1908--archibald garrod delivered his four croonian lectures. in these formerly forgotten, but now famous, dissertations, garrod first used the expression, 'inborn errors of metabolism', to describe four rare disorders: albinism, alkaptonuria, cystinuria, and pentosuria. this prescient work proposed that such disorders resulted from enzymatic defects in the catabolic pathways for amino acids and sugars. thus, garrod can rightfully be called the first human geneticist. mu ... | 2008 | 18836847 |
| the mineralized osteocyte: a living fossil. | we report here on an enigmatic and biologically mysterious event in which a single cell, the osteocyte, mineralizes in vivo and in this process the cell's organelles, cytoskeleton and membrane, are mineralized in a dying state. that the bony lacuna in which the lone osteocyte resides becomes infilled with mineral in vivo is not a new observation and was noted by early microscopists. this study has applied scanning and transmission electron microscopy to modern, archaeological, and fossil bone to ... | 2008 | 18615594 |
| regional uk ttp registry: correlation with laboratory adamts 13 analysis and clinical features. | thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (ttp) is an acute, rare, life-threatening disorder. this report presents the south east (se) england registry for ttp, from april 2002 to december 2006, which included 176 patients and 236 acute episodes; 75% of patients were female and 25% were male, overall median age at presentation was 42 years. mortality was 8.5%, most cases died before treatment was instigated. the main ethnic groups were caucasian (64%) and afro caribbean (27%). seventy-seven percent of ... | 2008 | 18637802 |
| "reader, i detained him under the mental health act": a literary response to professor fennell's best interests and treatment for mental disorder. | this is a response to professor fennell's paper on the recent influence and impact of the best interests test on the treatment of patients detained under the mental health act 1983 (mha) for mental disorder. i discuss two points of general ethical significance raised by professor fennell. firstly, i consider his argument on the breadth of the best interests test, incorporating as it does factors considerably wider than those of medical justifications and the risk of harm. secondly, i discuss his ... | 2008 | 18642086 |
| estimating the impact of childhood influenza vaccination programmes in england and wales. | there is increasing interest in routine vaccination of children against influenza. we use an age-structured model to demonstrate that the long-term incidence of influenza a could decrease by 11-21% in the overall population by vaccinating individuals aged 6 to <24 months, and by 22-38% and 65-97% through targeting those aged 6 to <60 months and 6 months to 16 years, respectively. the corresponding reductions predicted for influenza b were 25-35%, 44-69% and 85-96%, respectively. these results ar ... | 2008 | 18647634 |
| china: the man who unveiled china. | 2008 | 18650901 | |
| suicidal ideation in uk hiv clinic attenders. | hiv has been associated with elevated suicidal ideation. although new treatments have changed prognosis, they also bring new challenges. this study measured suicidal ideation in hiv clinic attenders in the united kingdom (london/southeast) and explored associated factors. | 2008 | 18670226 |
| investigating tuberculosis trends in england. | to investigate the factors associated with the increasing incidence of tuberculosis in england. | 2008 | 18672258 |
| remembering john newsom-davis' contribution to human imaging in oxford. | john newsom-davis played a crucial role in supporting areas of scientific exploration beyond his own research interests. in particular, he was one of the key players in establishing human neuroimaging in oxford. here, we celebrate the role that he played in this endeavour, both in the early days of pulling together funding, and solving practical challenges, and in the following years, when we all appreciated his ongoing encouragement and support. | 2008 | 18675466 |
| best interests and treatment for mental disorder. | this paper considers the role of the concept of best interests in the treatment of mental disorder. it considers the mental capacity act 2005 where treatment of an incapacitated person's mental disorder is authorized if treatment is in the patient's own best interests. it also examines the mental health act 1983 as amended by the mental health act 2007 where treatment without consent of a detained patient is allowed where necessary for the patient's health or safety or for the protection of othe ... | 2008 | 18677569 |
| the seroepidemiology of htlv-i amongst genitourinary medicine (gum) attendees in south east london. | 2008 | 18692433 | |
| mhc-correlated odour preferences in humans and the use of oral contraceptives. | previous studies in animals and humans show that genes in the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) influence individual odours and that females often prefer odour of mhc-dissimilar males, perhaps to increase offspring heterozygosity or reduce inbreeding. women using oral hormonal contraceptives have been reported to have the opposite preference, raising the possibility that oral contraceptives alter female preference towards mhc similarity, with possible fertility costs. here we test directly ... | 2008 | 18700206 |
| association of adult height and leg length with fasting plasma cortisol concentrations: evidence for an effect of normal variation in adrenocortical activity on growth. | we have evaluated the relationship between activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (hpa) axis and adult height in adults recruited from the uk hertfordshire cohort study. in a sample of 1,354 individuals, we found that height fell by 0.67 cm (95% ci 0.34-1.0) per sd (114 nmol/l) increase in fasting plasma cortisol concentrations. the association was continuous across the range of cortisol concentrations and was independent of the levels of corticosteroid binding globulin. it was of simila ... | 2008 | 18561142 |
| joseph swan (1791-1874): pioneer of research on peripheral nerves. | joseph swan was born in 1791 and appointed surgeon to lincoln county hospital in 1814. in addition to his clinical work, he carried out what were probably the first animal experiments on nerve injuries. these were mostly on rabbits, in which the sciatic nerves were partly or wholly divided, had a section excised, or were ligated. he found that regeneration could occur, even after neurectomy. he reported these results, together with his experience in human patients and the effects of neurectomy i ... | 2008 | 18562353 |
| bioavailability of trace metals in brownfield soils in an urban area in the uk. | thirty-two brownfield sites from the city of wolverhampton were selected from those with a former industrial use, wasteland or areas adjacent to industrial processes. samples (<2 mm powdered soil fraction) were analysed, using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (icp-aes) for 20 elements. loss on ignition and ph were also determined. a five-step chemical sequential extraction technique was carried out. single leach extraction with 0.12 m hydrochloric acid of pb, cu and zn in ... | 2008 | 18563590 |
| the english seasonal flu immunization programme for poultry workers 2007: a challenging task. | english primary care trusts (pcts) immunized the poultry worker population with the seasonal influenza vaccine in the 2007 winter season. | 2008 | 18567571 |
| timing of human mandibular third molar formation. | population differences in tooth formation using radiographs can be determined if the entire developmental sequence of a single tooth is studied. the only developing tooth visible radiographically from initiation to root completion is the third molar or wisdom tooth. | 2008 | 18568594 |
| the urban house mouse (mus domesticus) as a reservoir of infection for the human parasite toxoplasma gondii: an unrecognised public health issue? | toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite capable of infecting almost all warm-blooded animals. the cat is the definitive host and becomes infected by consuming contaminated meat or infected prey. humans can act as intermediate hosts and in healthy individuals the infection is mild and self-limiting. in pregnant women it can cause spontaneous abortions and foetal abnormalities and is capable of inducing serious illness in immuno-compromised patients. in infested dwellings, mice could act as inte ... | 2008 | 18569146 |
| tracking the spatial diffusion of influenza and norovirus using telehealth data: a spatiotemporal analysis of syndromic data. | telehealth systems have a large potential for informing public health authorities in an early stage of outbreaks of communicable disease. influenza and norovirus are common viruses that cause significant respiratory and gastrointestinal disease worldwide. data about these viruses are not routinely mapped for surveillance purposes in the uk, so the spatial diffusion of national outbreaks and epidemics is not known as such incidents occur. we aim to describe the geographical origin and diffusion o ... | 2008 | 18582364 |
| molecular epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni populations in dairy cattle, wildlife, and the environment in a farmland area. | we describe a cross-sectional study of the molecular epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni in a dairy farmland environment, with the aim of elucidating the dynamics of horizontal transmission of c. jejuni genotypes among sources in the area. a collection of 327 c. jejuni isolates from cattle, wildlife, and environmental sources in a 100-km(2) area of farmland in northwest england was characterized by multilocus sequence typing. a total of 91 sequence types and 18 clonal complexes were identified. ... | 2008 | 18586964 |
| evaluating the role of lpin1 variation in insulin resistance, body weight, and human lipodystrophy in u.k. populations. | loss of lipin 1 activity causes lipodystrophy and insulin resistance in the fld mouse, and lpin1 expression and common genetic variation were recently suggested to influence adiposity and insulin sensitivity in humans. we aimed to conduct a comprehensive association study to clarify the influence of common lpin1 variation on adiposity and insulin sensitivity in u.k. populations and to examine the role of lpin1 mutations in insulin resistance syndromes. | 2008 | 18591397 |
| age of onset and death in inherited prion disease are heritable. | the common polymorphism at codon 129 of the prion protein gene (prnp) is known to affect prion disease susceptibility, incubation period and phenotype. mouse quantitative trait locus (qtl) studies demonstrate multiple modifiers of incubation time unlinked to prnp, suggesting the existence of homologous human prion disease modifiers, but direct evidence of these has been lacking. we investigated the correlation of age at onset and death, expressed as a composite z score, between parents and offsp ... | 2009 | 18729123 |
| associations between infectious mononucleosis and cancer: record-linkage studies. | infection with epstein-barr virus (ebv) followed by infectious mononucleosis (im) is now considered to be a risk factor for hodgkin's disease (hd). it is less clear whether ebv infection and im are associated with an increased risk of cancer generally. we used a longstanding record-linkage dataset in oxford (years 1963-1998), and a more recent record-linkage dataset covering england (1999-2005), to compare rate ratios for cancer between people admitted to hospital for im and a reference cohort. ... | 2009 | 18840316 |
| a national risk assessment for intersex in fish arising from steroid estrogens. | the occurrence of intersex fish is widespread in the rivers of england and wales. the extent of intersex in fish populations is believed to be strongly linked to their exposure to steroid estrogens. the present study presents, to our knowledge, the first national, catchment-based risk assessment for steroid estrogens in the world. a graphical information system-based model predicted the concentrations of estradiol (e2), estrone, and ethinylestradiol, which were combined and compared with known b ... | 2009 | 18817457 |
| state institutions and social identity: national representation in soldiers' and civilians' interview talk concerning military service. | theory and research deriving from social identity or self-categorization perspectives often starts out with the presumption that social actors necessarily view societal objects such as nations or states as human categories. however, recent work suggests that this may be only one of a number of forms that societal representation may take. for example, nations may be understood variously as peoples, places, or institutions. this paper presents findings from a qualitative interview study conducted ... | 2009 | 18793493 |