Publications

the leptospiral agglutinin of korean dogs and wild rats by employing filter paper and rapid microsocpic agglutination test.		1974	4468961
leptospirosis in animals and man in the philppines. viii. serological incidence in native dogs.		1974	4468962
an investigation of canine leptospiral antibodies in tokyo and yokohama. comparison of canine positive rates between rapid microscopic agglutination test and schüffner-mochtar test.		1974	4468963
indirect hemagglutination test for detection of leptospiral antibodies.		1974	4546074
studies on the antigenic determinant group of the type-specific antigen of leptospira canicola.		1974	4140640
[human disease caused by leptospira canicola in budapest].		1975	234186
immunity to leptospirosis: antiserums in dogs and hamsters.	resistance to clinical and renal leptospirosis in dogs injected with antiserum to leptospira interrogans serotype canicola and leptospira interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae was demonstrated. the relationship between resistance induced in serum-injected hamsters was also demonstrated, using criteria of leptospiremia, renal infection, leptospiruria, and clinical signs of disease in dogs and death in hamsters.	1975	234703
immunity to leptospirosis: bacterins in dogs and hamsters.	resistance to clinical and renal leptospirosis in dogs vaccinated with a bacterin containing leptospira interrogans serotype canicola and leptospira interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae was demonstrated. the relationship between resistance induced in vaccinated dogs and that induced in vaccinated hamsters was also demonstrated, using criteria of leptospiremia, renal infection, leptospiruria, and clinical signs of disease in dogs and death in hamsters.	1975	234704
[occupational leptospiroses in laboratory workers (author's transl)].		1975	236837
human leptospirosis.	human leptospirosis is a subject of increasing interest. although this disease was frequently associated with individuals whose occupation or geographic location placed them in close proximity to wild animals or farm animals, recent cases have been particularly prevalent in young children and adolescents in urban and suburban america. many of the recent cases have been acquired from household pets, particularly from dogs or hamsters. in particular, healthy dogs who have been immunized with lepto ...	1975	237740
antileptospiral activity in lower-vertebrate sera.	normal serum from the painted turtle (chrysemys picta), the snapping turtle (chelydra serpentina), and the frog (rana pipiens) were found to possess bactericidal activity towards leptospira. leptospires from both the parasitic and biflexa complexes were killed by these sera at high dilutions. this pattern differs from that of mammalian serum, as generally only the biflexa complex leptospires are killed by normal mammalian serum. the activity in c. picta serum was characterized as being complemen ...	1975	1081972
leptospiral antibodies in serum from cattle, swine, horses, deer, sheep, and goats: 1973 and 1974.	during 2 years (fiscal years 1973 and 1974), microscopic agglutination tests were performed on 12,565 serums from cattle, swine, horses, deer, sheep, and goats for the detection of leptospiral antibodies. the most frequent presumptive infecting serogroups were hebdomadis, pomona, autumnalis, ballum, australis, and canicola.	1975	1163878
[the etiology structure of the leptospiroses in bulgaria (author's transl)].	in the course of many years the authors have studied the etiological structure of the leptospiroses in bulgaria and have typed a significant number of leptospira strains isolated from humans and animals. the strains have been isolated by the authors themselves for the most part, while some others have been received from other laboratories in the country. the contributions of other authors in this field have been taken into consideration. in identifying these strains use has been made of the meth ...	1975	1179869
deoxyribonuclease production by leptospires.		1975	1180199
human leptospirosis in brazil.	serological data on the prevalence of human leptospiroses in certain regions of brazil are presented. out of 467 diseased and clinically healthy persons, 40 were positive in the amazonia. the most frequent serotypes were grippotyphosa (27.5%), panama (25%), icterohaemorrhagiae (10%) and woffi (10%). in 1966 and 1970, 279 cases were identified in recife (northeastern brazil) during outbreaks subsequent to floods. among these 92.5% belonged to the icterohaemorrhagiae serotype. from 1947 to 1972, i ...	1975	1205669
an investigation of canine antileptospiral antibodies in japan.	from 1970 through 1973, blood samples of 7113 attended dogs and 1615 stray dogs in 50 cities of japan were examined for leptospiral antibodies by rmat on filter paper specimens. results were as follows: 1. prevalences of antibodies against l. icterohaemorrhagiae and l. canicola in attended dogs in 50 cities ranged from 22.5% to 0% with an average of 9.8%. those of stray dogs in 8 cities ranged from 52.5% to 0% with an average of 21.7%. 2. 64 and 37 of 7113 attended dog sera reached positively on ...	1975	1205671
[attempts at obtaining a pentavalent vaccine against leptospirosis].	obtained was a five-valent vaccine (leptospira pomona, l. canicola, l. grippotyphosa, l. mitis, and l. icterohaemorrhagiae). it was found that storage at 4degreesc does not impair the immunogenicity of the vaccine in the course of one year. three groups of rabbits were used to test its immunogenicity--group i, injected once, subcutaneously, with 1 cu. cm of the vaccine; group ii, injected subcutaneously, twice, at an interval of 7 days, with 1 cu. cm of the vaccine each time; and group iii, inje ...	1975	1216680
leptospirosis in trinidad and grenada, with special reference to the mongoose.	in trinidad, six leptospira isolates were made from 957 febrile patients between 1968 amd 1972. in addition, cf antibodies were detected in 6-6% of febrile patients and human survey sera collected during this period. in 1972 alone, 10-4% (38/363) of sera examined had cf titres consistent with positive exposure to the disease. grenada does not report leptospirosis, but the disease is common in mongooses in both trinidad and grenada. serogroups icterohaemorrhagiae, pomona and canicola are present ...	1976	1265819
canine leptospirosis: an immunopathological study of interstitial nephritis due to leptospira canicola.	in an attempt to define the pathogenetic mechanisms involved in acute interstitial nephritis due to leptospira canicola the kidneys of 14 dogs were subjected to histological immunofluorescence and elution studies. leptospiral antigen was found in three sites within the kidney; as discrete organisms in the proximal tubules, as granular deposits in the cytoplasm of macrophages and in large extracellular clumps in the interstitium. deposits of igg were also detected in the latter site and in plasma ...	1976	789837
[level of antibodies against leptospira in sera of dogs in gdańsk].		1976	828112
leptospirosis as a cause of erythema nodosum.		1976	947446
[intracutaneous leptospirin test on swine within the framework of the examination of slaughtered animals and control of animal epidemics].		1976	948809
leptospira canicola isolated from apodemus speciosus speciosus in kyushu.		1976	957526
an international survey of leptospiral agglutinin of dogs by rmat.	from 1970 through 1973, the author used rmat to examine the canine leptospiral antibodies against 10 serotypes in 12,374 attended dogs, 1,855 stray dogs and 480 house dogs in 24 countries. among the 10 serotypes, l. icterohaemorrhagiae and l. canicola were the most prevalent. positive rates were in the following order: peru 26.3%, chile 18.4%, turkey 17.4%, austria 16.0%, korea 15.0%, cina (taiwan) 11.4%, japan 9.8%, brazil 7.7%, united states 5.5%, united kingdom 4.5%, italy 3.5%, germany 2.0%, ...	1976	977231
bovine leptospirosis: a serological and clinical study.	antibodies to serotypes representing one or more of 10 leptospira serogroups were detected in the sera of 1766 (49-1 per cent) cows and heifers out of a total of 3600 sera tested. infection by the hebdomadis serogroup was the predominant infection; antibodies to serotype sejroe were found in 1503 (41-8 per cent) sera. antibodies to the icterohaemorrhagiae (7-7 per cent) and balllm (7-3 per cent) serogroups were the next most common, while antibodies to the australis, javanica, canicola, panama, ...	1976	997182
some leptospira agglutinins detected in domestic animals in british columbia.	during a period of six years 7,555 bovine sera, 421 canine sera, 251 porcine sera and 135 equine sera were tested for agglutinins to leptospira interrogans serotypes canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohemorrhagiae, pomona and sejroe. the bovine sera reacted predominantly with hardjo and/or sejroe at a rate of 15% compared to 3.5% with pomona. breeding or abortion problems were associated with pomona but not with sejroe/hardjo agglutinins. the canine sera reacted to canicola (9.9%y and ictero ...	1976	1000389
[leptospirosis (author's transl)].	leptospirosis is one of the most widely distributed zoonoses. dogs are the pets in which leptospirosis is most common. the use of diagnostic laboratory procedures is discussed. during the first seven days of the disease, leptospires may be detected in the blood and organs; after the seventh day, they are detectable in the kidney and possibly also in the urine. examination of the serum for antibodies is possible after the first week of the disease. a clinical diagnosis is often hard to establish. ...	1977	831321
dynamic changes in the epidemiology of canicola fever in israel. natural adaptation of an established serotype to a new reservoir host.	investigation of human leptospirosis caused by the serotype canicola revealed a significant shift in the chain of infection of this disease. the adaptation of an old and well-established serotype to a new and abundant host, the norway rat, provides a new means for spreading and transferring canicola fever to man and farm animals. the changes in the epidemiology of leptospirosis described should serve as a warning to epidemiologists responsible for suggesting proper prophylactic measures.	1977	831464
serologic survey of leptospiral antibodies in horses in california.	a serologic survey was made of the prevalence of common leptospiral infections in horses in california. a total of 465 serums were tested, using the microscopic agglutination method, against 5 leptospiral serotypes: leptospira pomona, leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae, leptospira canicola, leptospira grippotyphosa, and leptospira hardjo. of the serums tested, 127 (27.30%) were positive against 1 or more of the leptospires, with percentage distribution among the reactors as follows: l pomona, 12.47% ...	1977	921041
experiements with an inactivated hepatitis leptospirosis vaccine in vaccination programmes for dogs.	a fluid adjuvanted vaccine consisting of inactivated hepatitis virus (ih) and leptospirae antigens (l) was developed. the vaccine (kavak ihl; duphar) was tested in several vaccination programmes both alone and in combination with freeze dried measles (m) or distemper (d) vaccines. the results demonstrate that this new vaccine is also effective in pups with maternally derived antibodies, although a second vaccination at 14 weeks of age is recommended to boost the first vaccination. for the booste ...	1977	196386
evaluation of the hemagglutination test for epidemiologic studies of leptospiral antibodies in wild mammals.	sera from 153 wild animals of 18 species were tested for antibodies against 12 serovars of leptospira by the microscopic agglutination (ma) test. seventy-five percent of the animals tested were seropositive against one or more of the 12 serovars used. the most commonly found serovars were pomona, autumnalis, pyrogenes, icterohaemorrhagiae, australis, and canicola. of 62 carnivores representing 7 species, 55 (89%) were seropositive, as were 46 (60%) of 77 rodents from 9 species. leptospira of the ...	1978	650784
humoral immune responses of cattle vaccinated with leptospiral pentavalent outer envelope and whole culture vaccines.	the humoral immune response of cattle vaccinated with leptospiral pentavalent outer envelope and whole culture vaccines was monitored with the microscopic agglutination (ma) test and the leptospiricidal activity (la) test for a 2.5-year period. the serovars present in the vaccines were canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae, grippotyphosa, pomona, and hardjo. the la test had greater sensitivity than the ma test for detecting antibodies to the hardjo, canicola, and icterohaemorrhagiae components of the pe ...	1978	677529
[leptospirosis caused by an association of different serotypes of leptospira].		1978	715527
[free aminoacids in a liquid korthof's medium during the culturing of various serotypes of leptospirae (author's transl)].		1978	757921
[investigations into the activity of some leptospiral enzymes (author's transl)].		1978	757922
humoral immune response of dogs vaccinated with leptospiral pentavalent outer envelope and whole culture vaccines.	the humoral immune response of dogs vaccinated with leptospiral pentavalent outer envelope and whole culture vaccines was monitored with the microscopic agglutination (ma) test and leptospiricidal activity (la) test for a 2-year period. the leptospiral serovars in the vaccines was canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae, grippotyphosa, pomona, and hardjo. the la test was markedly more sensitive than the ma test for detecting anti-leptospira antibodies and was least noticeable with anti-pomona antibodies. ...	1978	727583
serological studies on leptospirosis in cattle in east central alabama.	serological surveys of leptospiral antibodies in cattle were carried out in macon and the surrounding counties of east central alabama. a total of 286 bovine serum samples were screened for the presence of antibodies against live antigens from twelve pathogenic leptospiral serotypes using a microscopic agglutination test. the most frequently encountered serotypes were leptospira hardjo (47%), leptospira wolffi (34%), leptospira canicola (12%), leptospira pomona (10%) and leptospira ballum (10%). ...	1978	567520
[total nitrogen, alpha-amine nitrogen and ph in the cultural filtrates of various leptospiral serotypes being cultured in a liquid korthof's medium (author's transl)].		1978	44830
survey of leptospiral agglutinins in the sera of swine of southeastern alabama.	the occurrence of leptospirosis in swine of southeastern alabama was determined. a total of 627 sera were tested, using the microscopic agglutination method, with live antigens of 12 serovars. of the sera tested, 121 (19.3%) had a titer of 1:100 or greater to the serovars employed. the percentage distribution of sera with titers of greater than or equal to 1:100 among serovars most commonly reported was as follows: leptospira interrogans serovars pomona, 3.8%; icterohaemorrhagiae, 3.3%; canicola ...	1979	507487
serological incidence of leptospirosis and leptospiral serotypes among livestock farms.		1979	511443
[leptospirosis in children: a not infrequent disease (author's transl)].	a total of 14 cases of leptospirosis in children aged from 5 to 15 years, hospitalized in the paris region, are reported. the polymorphe character of the disease is pointed out. the necessity for respecting a rigorous chronological order when requesting complementary examinations, which could confirm the diagnosis, is stressed. domestic animals, team-mates, and while swimming at week-ends or during holidays, are potential sources or means of infection in the young. this justifies searching for l ...	1979	224477
serological and chemical interrelationship of antigens from leptospira interrogans serovar canicola.	antigens of the outer envelope from leptospira interrogans serovar canicola (hond utrecht iv) were extracted by 50% (v/v) ethanol or by sodium dodecyl sulphate and serological analysis suggested that they were identical. the "fraction 4" extracted by alkali was found to contain glycoproteins of high (retentate) and low (filtrate) molecular weight; the latter behaved like a hapten in serology and in animal immunization experiments. antibodies were raised in rabbits against this hapten by conjugat ...	1980	6771366
detection of leptospiral antibodies in animal sera by means of fractionated antigenic extracts.	sodium dodecyl sulphate extracts of the reference strains mus 127, castellón 3 and arborea of the ballum agglutinogenic serogroup of leptospira interrogans (the species of pathogenic leptospira), of strain patoc 1 of the saprophytic species of l. biflexa, and of strain 3055 of illini serotype, the sole representative of l. illini, were each fractionated by ultracentrifugation in a sucrose density gradient into 10 fractions. the fractions were tested by complement fixation and immunodiffusion aga ...	1980	6159474
[analysis of the antigeno-immunologic activity of heated leptospirosis vaccine in vaccinees and in an experimental study].	the comparative analysis of the immunological effectiveness of heat-killed polyvalent leptospirosis vaccine has shown the low immunological effectiveness of the whole preparation (17.8%) and its components with the exception of the antigen of the grippotyphosa serogroup. antibodies could be detected in the vaccinees for not more than 10 months, and they showed the properties of 19s-macroglobulin antibodies. in experiments on rabbits newly isolated leptospira strains from human patients and wild ...	1980	6998213
[serological diagnosis of leptospirosis. comparison of results obtained by macroscopic agglutination in slide test and agglutination-lysis test (author's transl)].		1980	7259028
isolation of antigenic variants of leptospiras from puppies and pigs experimentally infected with leptospira interrogans serovars canicola and pomona.		1980	7382236
histopathologic evaluation of livers of pregnant hamsters infected with leptospira canicola.	pregnant hamsters were inoculated with leptospira canicola by an intraperitoneal route. grossly, the livers were enlarged and pale yellow. on light microscopic examination, disruption of the hepatic cords, as well as granulation of hepatocyte cytoplasm, was evident. on electron microscopic examination, the livers had evidence of severe cellular degradation as early as post-inoculation hour (pih) 24. at pih 96, pathologic changes were more pronounced. the rough endoplasmic reticulum was swollen a ...	1980	7447125
leptospirosis experience at groote schuur hospital, 1969-1979.	the diagnosis of leptospirosis requires a high index of suspicion and a knowledge of the wide variety of syndromes with which these patients present. the clinical and laboratory features of 14 patients with leptospirosis seen at groote schuur hospital, cape town, between 1969 and 1979 are described.	1981	7455830
studies on the kidneys of pregnant hamsters infected with leptospira canicola.	an electron microscopic study on the histopathological changes in the kidneys of pregnant hamsters resulting from infection with leptospira canicola was undertaken. the experiment revealed damage to the glomeruli as well as the tubules. the severity of these lesions increased with the progress of the disease and examination of kidney sections showed leptospires in the tissue. it is suggested that the stress of pregnancy has some influence on the severity of the lesions seen in this disease.	1981	7236498
serologic evidence of leptospirosis in a southern arizona coyote population.		1981	7253099
studies on the effect of antibiotic substances on leptospires and their cultivation from material with a high bacterial count.	leptospira species are difficult to isolate from sperm specimens because rapid growth of the contaminant flora will kill the pathogen. the resistance of 5 leptospira strains to 5 different antibiotics was examined with a view to an inhibition of such contaminant growth. neomycin (10, 20, 30 mg/l), vancomycin (5, 8, 10 mg/l), nalidixic acid (50, 75, 100 mg/l), streptomycin (5, 8, 10 mg/l) and chloramphenicol (5, 10, 20 mg/l) were added separately to korthof's culture medium containing rabbit seru ...	1981	7269858
isolation of antigenically active components from leptospiral serovar-specific lipopolysaccharide antigen by alkaline treatment.	the serovar-specific main antigen (tm antigen) of leptospira interrogans serovar canicola, which as lipopolysaccharide properties, was treated with 0.1 n sodium hydroxide. this treatment degraded the antigen into two major antigenic components, one of high and one of low molecular weight. the component with the lower molecular weight (approximately 4,000 daltons) consisted mainly of carbohydrates, having lost almost all of the fatty acid and protein components of the original antigen. although t ...	1981	7311890
serological and bacteriological survey of leptospiral infection in pigs in southern england.	a total of 597 pigs were examined for serological and bacteriological evidence of leptospiral infection. the sample comprised 189 porkers, 205 baconers and 203 sows. sera were tested against 17 antigens from 16 serogroups and the overall prevalence of titres was 15.7 per cent. the lowest prevalence of titres was found in porkers (10.0 per cent). the highest prevalence of titres to an individual antigen was recorded with bratislava, a member of the australis serogroup, with 12.2 per cent of pigs ...	1981	7323462
adult respiratory distress syndrome in leptospira canicola infection.	a man was admitted to the johannesburg hospital with a history of fever, diarrhoea, and dry cough for four days. he began to produce bloodstained sputum and was found to have severe arterial hypoxaemia. radiography showed widespread opacification over both lung fields, and the clinical and haemodynamic features were consistent with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. serology for leptospira canicola was positive. despite antibiotics, supportive therapy, and ventilation the patient died. nec ...	1981	6790049
hemolytic activity of leptospira interrogans serovar canicola cultured in protein-free medium.	hemolytic activity of the culture supernatant of leptospira interrogans serovar canicola strain moulton grown in protein-free medium was demonstrated. the activity began to appear in the late logarithmic phase of growth of the organism and reached a plateau after 2 weeks of cultivation. it was inactivated by the addition of dipotassium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, but was effectively restored by mg2+. hemolysis by the culture supernatant was stimulated by "hot-cold" incubation. sleep erythrocyte ...	1982	6813653
canine parvovirus infection potentiates canine distemper encephalitis attributable to modified live-virus vaccine.	twelve gnotobiotic dogs from 2 litters were allotted to 3 groups. group a dogs received a modified-live polyvalent (canine distemper, adenovirus type 2, and parainfluenza virus and leptospira -canicola-icterohemorrhagiae bacterin) vaccine 3 days prior to oral inoculation with canine parvovirus (cpv). group b dogs received cpv alone. group c dogs received 1 dose of vaccine only. in none of the 9 cpv-inoculated dogs did clinical signs of cpv infection develop, although high serum antibody titers f ...	1982	7061309
[epidemiological aspects and diagnosis of 60 cases of leptospiroses in french polynesia].	60 cases of leptospiroses were diagnosed in polynesia by blood culture and immunological test. fever and pains are prevailing signs. among 3 patients, presence of leptospires is revealed on the 43th, 54th and 90th days. the following serogroups are found: icterohaemorrhagiae 69.7%, canicola 13%, pomona 4%, australis 2%. 85% of the patients come from tahiti and 15% from "sousle-vent" islands and tuamotou. walking bare foot on wet ground in areas where numerous rodents are found is a source of con ...	1982	7172357
[nucleotide composition and homology of the dna of parasitic leptospira].	the study of dna in parasitic leptospirae of different serovariants by the method of molecular hybridization has revealed two groups differing in their homology level. the homology of nucleic acids has been found to correlate with serological properties. the serovariants ensuring cross immunity are characterized by the high level of homology of their dna.	1982	7180252
immunogenicity and humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to leptospiral whole cell, outer envelope, and protoplasmic cylinder vaccines in hamsters and dogs.	the immunogenicity of 2 leptospiral cell structural components, the outer envelope (oe) and protoplasmic cylinder (pc), as well as the leptospire whole cell (wc), was compared in hamsters and dogs. the 50% protective dose for hamsters against death (pd50d) and kidney infection (pd50k) was evaluated for leptospira interrogans serovars canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae, pomona, and grippotyphosa. all 3 immunogens had similar pd50d values. however, the pd50k values for oe and wc vaccines ranged from 0. ...	1982	7201285
the hemorrhagic fevers of southern africa with special reference to studies in the south african institute for medical research.	in this review of studies on the hemorrhagic fevers of southern africa carried out in the south african institute for medical research, attention has been called to occurrence of meningococcal septicemia in recruits to the mining industry and south african army, to cases of staphylococcal and streptococcal septicemia with hemorrhagic manifestations, and to the occurrence of plague which, in its septicemic form, may cause a hemorrhagic state. "onyalai," a bleeding disease in tropical africa, ofte ...	1982	6897472
analysis of leptospira antigens by crossed immunoelectrophoresis.	serovars icterohaemorrhagiae, canicola, and arboreae of pathogenic leptospira interrogans and serovar patoc of saprophytic l. biflexa were examined by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. a close antigenic relationship was found between the interrogans serovars, particularly between icterohaemorrhagiae and canicola. to a much lesser extent cross-reactions were found between interrogans serovars and patoc. comparison of three different antigenic preparations of icterohaemorrhagiae by tandem crossed imm ...	1983	6879113
attempts for determining the infecting serogroup by means of agglutinin absorption from the leptospirosis patients' sera.		1983	6678568
[antigenic structure of leptospires of the canicola serogroup isolated in the north-western regions of the rsfsr].	the comparative study of 16 leptospira cultures, serogroup canicola, isolated from humans and animals in different years in the north-west of the rsfsr and 2 reference strains of the canicola serovar, hond utrecht iv and kashirsky, was carried out in the agglutinin cross-adsorption tests. the absence of the antigenic homogeneity of the cultures under test was established: 9 of them proved to be identical to strain kashirsky and 7, to strain hond utrecht iv.	1983	6193662
[a case of acute leptospirosis of a dog and a man in an experimental animal unit].		1984	6378582
isolation of an antigenic oligosaccharide fraction from leptospira interrogans serovar canicola with a monoclonal antibody.	an oligosaccharide fraction containing the antigenic determinant of lipopolysaccharide antigen (tm antigen) from leptospira interrogans serovar canicola, recognized by a monoclonal antibody (ct3) which agglutinates serovars canicola and broomi, was isolated by formic acid and successive sulphuric acid hydrolyses. separation of the antigenic compounds was done by bio-gel p-2 and sephadex g-25 gel filtration, and high-performance liquid chromatography with two different columns. the fraction final ...	1984	6481337
serodiagnosis of canine leptospirosis by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect antibodies to leptospira interrogans serotype canicola in dogs was developed and evaluated. comparison of the elisa with the microscopic agglutination test (mat) showed that, during the first two weeks after an experimental infection with serotype canicola, the elisa detected antibody at higher dilutions than the mat. after the second week post-infection both tests detected antibody at almost equal titres (r = 0.89). the outer envelope (oe) ...	1984	6485246
determination of specific anti-leptospiral immunoglobulins m and g in sera of experimentally infected dogs by solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	the development and evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect specific anti-leptospiral igm and igg in sera of dogs experimentally infected with leptospira interrogans serotype canicola are reported. in all dogs specific anti-leptospiral igm was detected from the second half of the first week after infection, the maximum being attained during the second week. subsequently the igm titre gradually decreased. specific anti-leptospiral igg was detected later and increased ...	1984	6485247
detoxification of tween for the cultivation of leptospira.		1984	6503745
leptospirosis in new caledonia (melanesia).		1984	6506927
leptospiral attachment to cultured cells.	each virulent strain of copenhageni, canicola and pomona of leptospira interrogans attached effectively to mdck cells and primary dog kidney cells, while the avirulent or less virulent line of the same strain and avirulent strains belonging to the same serovars and the avirulent reference strains of other serovars did not. inhibition of the attachment of the virulent copenhageni to mdck cells was found in the presence of the homologous immunoglobulin g fab fragment. strains of l. biflexa attache ...	1984	6532022
epidemiological aspects of canine leptospirosis in the netherlands.	the epidemiology of canine leptospirosis has been examined in a limited study in the netherlands from 1969 through 1982. leptospira interrogans serotype icterohaemorrhagiae and canicola were found to be the only serotypes causing clinical leptospirosis. however, positive agglutination titres to the serotypes grippotyphosa, bratislava, poi and ballum have also been detected. the incidence of infection caused by serotype icterohaemorrhagiae was highest during summer and autumn. infections with ser ...	1984	6532025
characterization of a partially purified leptospiral genus-specific protein antigen.	a leptospiral genus-specific protein antigen (gp-ag) was partially purified from leptospira interrogans serovar kremastos strain kyoto and canicola strain hond utrecht iv, by treating the organisms with triton x-100 followed by a purification procedure including fractionation with deae-cellulose column chromatography and ethanol precipitation. genus-specificity of the antigens from kremastos kyoto and canicola was shown by the immunodiffusion (id) test. complement fixation (cf) test and enzyme-l ...	1985	2413655
elisa for the detection of specific igm and igg in human leptospirosis.	elisa was used to detect specific igm and igg in sera from humans with current or past leptospirosis. a serological pattern of a high igm titre (greater than or equal to 1280), or moderately increased igm (160-640) in conjunction with a low igg titre (less than or equal to 20), with serovar copenhageni antigen was characteristic for approximately two-thirds of the sera from serovar icterohaemorrhagiae patients obtained in the first two months of the disease. the antigen was the supernatant of a ...	1985	3981131
prevention of renal carriage of leptospirosis in dogs by vaccination.	dogs vaccinated with a leptospira interrogans vaccine containing serogroups canicola and icterohaemorrhagiae and prepared from cultures grown in a protein-free medium resisted challenge with heterologous representatives of these serogroups. in contrast, control dogs were pyrexic and leptospires were isolated from the blood for nine days following canicola challenge and six days after icterohaemorrhagiae challenge. leptospires were isolated from the urine of controls throughout the post challenge ...	1985	4060538
[seroepidemiologic study on leptospirosis in the camargue region].	the damp environment and density of animal population in camargue are good arguments for the study of leptospirosis. a serological and epidemiological survey on 642 blood samples revealed 36 (5.6%) with significant antibody titers. icterohaemorrhagiae is followed by canicola, grippotyphosa, australis and ballum... the most endemic area is not camargue but the area situated at the northeast (basse-durance). women are twice more affected than men. these two results are not consistent with our init ...	1985	4075464
laboratory and clinical features of experimental feline leptospirosis.	in order to assess the clinical, laboratorial and epidemiological aspects of feline leptospirosis, ten female and male adult cats were experimentally inoculated with pathogenic and autochthonous field isolate of leptospira interrogans. five of them were inoculated subcutaneously with serovar icterohaemorrhagiae (r-192) and the others five with serovar canicola. no clinical and laboratorial alterations were found in these animals. antileptospiral agglutinins were detected in 90% of the infected c ...	1985	4077410
serological and bacteriological study of leptospiral infection in a cattle herd in malaysia.		1986	3776042
selection of antigenic variants from leptospira interrogans serovar canicola by means of anti-canicola monoclonal antibody.	antigenic variants were isolated from canicola by a single selection with anti-canicola monoclonal antibody ct-3. the variants were not identical to any serovars of serogroup canicola and thought to be a new serovar. variation frequency was calculated at 5.9 x 10(-4). the usefulness of monoclonal antibodies for selection of antigenic variants of leptospiras is discussed.	1987	2445125
biological activities of lipopolysaccharide-like substance (lls) extracted from leptospira interrogans serovar canicola strain moulton.	the biological activities of lipopolysaccharide-like substance (lls) extracted from leptospira interrogans serovar canicola strain moulton by the hot phenol-water method were studied in mice. the addition of 12.5 micrograms/ml or more of lls fraction increased the incorporation of [3h]thymidine into in vitro cultured spleen cells of c57bl/6 mice, while the activity of the lls fraction was about 20 times weaker than that of salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (lps). pretreatment of murine s ...	1987	3500390
c-reactive protein in dogs.	serum concentrations of c-reactive protein (crp) in dogs with various diseases or undergoing various procedures were measured by specific immunoassay. in 20 healthy dogs from various sources, values were all less than 5 mg/l, but in 22 healthy dogs from a single source, values ranged from less than 5 mg/l in 14 dogs and from 8 to 67 mg/l in 8 dogs. increased concentrations of serum crp were attained 24 hours after injection of casein (n = 9; median 188 mg/l), ovariohysterectomy (n = 11; median, ...	1987	3605808
the incidence of severe leptospirosis in trinidad.	between february 1977 and september 1982, sera from febrile patients from all areas of trinidad were examined for leptospiral agglutinins; 158 of 1714 patients (9%) were confirmed as current cases of leptospirosis (annual average 26 or 2.6 per 100,000 population). of the remaining 1556 patients only 711 provided paired sera; 167 of these (23%) showed evidence of previous leptospiral infection. of the 845 single samples, 125 were positive. the true incidence of the disease is probably much higher ...	1987	3629704
purification, characterization and serological properties of a glycolipid antigen reactive with a serovar-specific monoclonal antibody against leptospira interrogans serovar canicola.	a glycolipid antigen possessing a serovar-specific antigenic determinant of leptospira interrogans serovar canicola was purified from a chloroform/methanol extract of the organism. the purification procedures included silicic acid column chromatography and preparative thin-layer chromatography (tlc). antigenic activity was detected by a tlc-enzyme immunostaining technique using monoclonal antibody ct3, which specifically agglutinates serovar canicola and only weakly serovar sumneri but no other ...	1987	3655741
chemical properties of lipopolysaccharide-like substance (lls) extracted from leptospira interrogans serovar canicola strain moulton.	the aqueous layer was isolated from leptospira interrogans serovar canicola strain moulton by the hot phenol-water method. after ultracentrifugation, the precipitate was designated as lipopolysaccharide-like substance (lls) fraction and the chemical composition was compared with that of bacterial lps. the lls fraction consists of 35.2% carbohydrate, 3.8% amino sugar, 36.4% lipid, 15.2% protein, and 0.3% phosphorus. neutral sugars were detected as rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, 4-o-methylmannose, m ...	1987	3683216
[use of microcapsular leptospiral antigens for detecting specific antibodies].	the sensitivity of microcapsular leptospiral antigens, produced by japan lyophilization laboratory and intended for use in tests for the detection of antibodies to leptospires in the sera of experimentally immunized laboratory animals, were studied. the comparative study of the microcapsular agglutination (mca) test and other serological tests, such as the microagglutination (ma) test and the indirect enzyme immunoassay (eia), was made. the leptospiral antigens under study were found to actively ...	1988	3064517
expression of antigen genes of leptospira interrogans serovar canicola in escherichia coli.	leptospira interrogans serovar canicola dna was cloned into the plasmid pbr322 and introduced into e. coli. eight out of approximately 10,000 transformants were found to express antigens of canicola by elisa including colony elisa blot test using anti-canicola antiserum. the canicola antigens expressed in the transformants reacted with the antisera against the serovars belonging to canicola serogroup and other serogroups of l. interrogans. they did not react, however, with the antiserum against ...	1988	3070308
[serological study of the ocular complications of human leptospirosis].		1988	3194619
variation in the hemolytic activity of leptospira interrogans serovar canicola.	leptospira interrogans serovar canicola strain moulton was grown to a high cell density in a protein-free medium with hemin. the hemolysin produced in this culture system showed a greatly expanded spectrum of hemolysis as compared to previous reports of leptospiral hemolysin produced in a more traditional culture system containing serum.	1988	3238474
[actual problems of leptospirosis in animals in poland].		1988	3247482
the bacteriological prevalence of leptospiral infection in cattle and buffaloes in west malaysia.	a cross-sectional bacteriological survey of cattle in west malaysia revealed 14.4% (32/222) had leptospiral infection. isolates were obtained from all except one herd with prevalence of infection in herds ranging from 0-44.8%. a small number of buffalo urine samples were examined and all of them were found to be negative. a leptospiral isolate obtained from a bovine kidney proved to be a new serovar of leptospira interrogans and the name unipertama was assigned to it. six other leptospiral serov ...	1988	3356222
[distribution and dynamics of leptospiral serovars on the frontier of yunnan province].		1988	3383231
[characteristics of the interaction of leptospira with the host organism in the infectious process in golden hamsters].	the comparative evaluation of the interaction of l. icterohaemorrhagiae strain p, l. canicola strain cl and l. hebdomadis strain 650 with golden hamster liver and kidney cells is presented. three variants of the course of leptospira infection have been distinguished: (1) the hepato-renal (icteric) variant, caused by the adhesion of leptospires to liver cells with the colonization of their surface and the disaggregation of liver-cell complexes and by the accumulation of leptospires in the kidney ...	1988	3389008
hemolysin production by leptospira interrogans serovar canicola in a protein-free medium with hemin.	leptospira interrogans serovar canicola strain moulton was grown to a high cell density in a protein-free medium. when hemin was added to this medium, hemolysin was produced. hemolysin was not detected when other porphyrins or cytochrome c were substituted for hemin in the medium.	1988	2852404
restriction endonuclease dna analysis of antigenic variants of leptospires selected by monoclonal antibodies.	the genome of antigenic variant cv (ct3)-1 derived from leptospira interrogans serovar canicola was compared by cleavage with restriction endonucleases with the parent and serovar bafani, to which the variant was serologically most closely related. no differences were observed between the parent and variant in dna restriction endonuclease patterns using eight restriction endonucleases. serovar bafani was different in the patterns from the parent and antigenic variant cv (ct3)-1. the two antigeni ...	1988	2852766
affinity constants of anti-leptospira monoclonal antibodies, numbers of antigenic determinants on leptospiras, and their influence on the microscopic agglutination test and elisa.	the affinity constants of anti-canicola and anti-hebdomadis monoclonal antibodies and the numbers of antigenic determinants per organism of each serovar of leptospira were determined, and their influence on the results of microscopic agglutination test (mat) and elisa were examined. in the combinations of a monoclonal antibody and some serovar which showed higher affinity constants at levels of 10(7) to 10(8)/m order, both mat and elisa were positive except for one combination, while in the comb ...	1988	2462157
human leptospirosis--a review of 50 cases.	epidemiological and clinical aspects of 50 consecutive patients, 47 adults and three children, hospitalized between 1977 and 1987 for human leptospirosis, were reviewed. 45 (90%) of the patients were from rural regions. 32 (64%) cases occurred in individuals at occupational risk for the infection. 35 (70%) cases were registered in the warm season. the source of infection was known in 34 (68%) cases. weil's disease was diagnosed in 31 (62%) patients, aseptic meningitis in 12 (24%) and acute unexp ...	1989	2921094
nucleotide sequence of a 23s ribosomal rna gene from leptospira interrogans serovar canicola strain moulton.		1989	2467256
monoclonal antibody against leptospira interrogans serovar canicola.	nine cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against leptospira interrogans serovar canicola strain moulton were established by the cell fusion technique. the immunological reactivity of these mabs with various kinds of serogroups, serovars and strains were examined by microscopic agglutination test (mat) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). mabs w1-w3 derived from mice, which were immunized with whole cells of the strain moulton, reacted with the serogroups canicola, icteroh ...	1989	2743485
leptospirosis. epidemiological features of a sporadic case.	leptospirosis occurred in a 45-year-old man with presumed infection from an exposure to contaminated water at his source of employment. an intensive epidemiological investigation, including serological examination of all family members and pets and cultures on the patient and his family pets (cats and dogs), proved that the leptospiral organism was acquired by the patient's exposure to his dogs. the risk of acquiring infection from dogs that are asymptomatic and vaccinated is emphasized by this ...	1989	2764659
detection of antibodies to leptospirosis in experimentally infected dogs using the microcapsule agglutination test.	six puppies were infected with a virulent strain of leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae and another five animals with a virulent strain of leptospira interrogans serovar canicola, respectively. antibodies were examined at 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14 days after infection, using the microcapsule agglutination test (mcat) and the conventional microscopic agglutination test (mat). compared with the mat, the mcat detected early specific igm antibody with high sensitivity. the mcat titres reache ...	1989	2775983
unique organization of leptospira interrogans rrna genes.	we cloned sau3ai fragments containing the rrna genes for leptospira interrogans serovar canicola strain moulton in the bamhi site of lambda embl3 bacteriophage dna. physical maps of the fragments were constructed, and the locations of the rrna genes were determined by southern blot hybridization and s1 protection. each fragment of the 23s or the 16s rrna gene contained at least one copy of the 23s or the 16s sequence. genomic hybridization showed that there were two genes for the 23s rrna and th ...	1989	2808297