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sporulation of metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana on coptotermes formosanus and in vitro.the sporulation of 22 total isolates of metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana was quantified on cadavers of the formosan subterranean termite, coptotermes formosanus. conidial production increased significantly over 11 days post-death. effects of isolates of m. anisopliae and b. bassiana on in vivo sporulation were significant. although the overall effects of fungal species on in vivo sporulation were not significant, the interactions between fungal species and certain times post-death w ...200212445791
pathogenicity of two entomopathogenic hyphomycetes, beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae, to the housefly musca domestica l.the pathogenicity of three isolates of metarhizium anisopliae and two isolates beauveria bassiana originating from different insect species and localities was tested against housefly larvae. only one isolate of m. anisopliae (ma23) and the two isolates of b. bassiana (bb2, bb108) significantly (p<0.05) reduced the percentage of emerging adults. at the highest tested concentration 10(7) spores/ml. the reduction in the percentage of adult emergence was 93.8%. 61.3% and 49% for bb2. ma23 and bb108. ...200212512811
assessment of health and growth of ring-necked pheasants following consumption of infected insects or conidia of entomopathogenic fungi, metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum and beauveria bassiana, from madagascar and north america.isolates of two fungi (beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum) from madagascar are being developed for control of grasshoppers and locusts, as part of a search for alternatives to environmentally detrimental chemical insecticides. the probable effects of these entomopathogens on nontarget species must be determined before operational use. birds may become exposed to these fungi either directly, by consuming spores deposited on their food items, or secondarily, by consuming gr ...200212515592
eicosanoids mediate manduca sexta cellular response to the fungal pathogen beauveria bassiana: a role for the lipoxygenase pathway.many studies have documented the involvement of eicosanoids in insect cellular immune responses to bacteria. the use of the fungal pathogen beauveria bassiana as a nodulation elicitor, with inhibition of phospholipase a(2) by dexamethasone, extends the principle to fungi. this study also provides the first evidence of involvement of the lipoxygenase (lox) pathway rather than the cyclooxygenase (cox) pathway in synthesis of the nodulation mediating eicosanoid(s). the lox product, 5(s)-hydroperoxy ...200212210960
transformation of cinoxacin by beauveria bassiana.the ability of the fungus beauveria bassiana atcc 7159 to transform the antibacterial agent cinoxacin was investigated. cultures in sucrose-peptone broth were dosed with cinoxacin, grown for 20 days, and then extracted with ethyl acetate. two metabolites were detected and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography. the major metabolite was identified by mass and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra as 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-3-(hydroxymethyl)[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]cinnolin-4-one and the min ...200212204384
[variation in the viability and the metabolism of internally reserved nutrients of beauveria bassiana conidia during storage at different regimes of water content and temperature].while the fresh powder (with water content of 58.9 +/- 1.6%) and vacuum-freeze dried (vfd) one (with water content of 7.4 +/- 0.9%) of beauveria bassiana sgbb8702 conidia were stored at 4 degrees c and 20 degrees c, their viability and contents of internally reserved saccharides and proteins were examined at 5 days intervals. it was found during one-month storage that the water content and temperature interactively affected the levels of conidia viability and the contents of the reserved sacchar ...200212222050
genetic groups of the insect-pathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana are associated with habitat and thermal growth preferences.a persistent paradigm in insect pathology is one that relates the insect host to certain genetic groups of insect-pathogenic fungi. this paradigm assumes that the genotype of an insect-pathogenic fungus coevolves with a certain taxon of insect host that it infects. the insect-pathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana shows a wide host range and is considered to be a facultative insect pathogen. in this study, a population genetics analysis of b. bassiana from forested and agricultural habitats as wel ...200212420176
the potential for enhanced fungicide resistance in beauveria bassiana through strain discovery and artificial selection.our objectives were to determine the (1) natural variation in fungicide resistance among beauveria bassiana strains, (2) potential to increase fungicide resistance in b. bassiana through artificial selection, and (3) stability of virulence in selected b. bassiana strains. fungicides included dodine, fenbuconazole, and triphenyltin hydroxide, which are commonly used in pecan and other horticultural crops. comparison of seven b. bassiana strains indicated some are substantially more resistant to f ...200212445792
field-based evaluation of biopesticide impacts on native biodiversity: malagasy coleoptera and anti-locust entomopathogenic fungi.a community of 225 species of coleoptera was used as a surrogate to evaluate nontarget effects of entomopathogenic fungi under development as biopesticides for use against the malagasy migratory locust locusta migratoria capito saussure (orthoptera: acrididae). evaluation of a standard chemical treatment of fenitrothion + esfenvalerate, two indigenous isolates of metarhiziumflavoviride gams & roszsypol (sp3 and sp9), and an indigenous isolate of beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin (sp16) agai ...200212216803
biotransformation of phenylurea herbicides by a soil bacterial strain, arthrobacter sp. n2: structure, ecotoxicity and fate of diuron metabolite with soil fungi.in order to assess the influence of the aromatic substitution on the ability of a soil bacterial strain, arthrobacter sp. n2, to degrade phenylurea herbicides, biotransformation assays were performed in mineral medium with resting cells of this soil bacterial strain on three phenylurea herbicides (diuron, chlorotoluron and isoproturon). each herbicide considered, led to the formation of only one metabolite detected by hplc analysis. after isolation, the metabolites were identified by nmr and ms, ...200211838430
allelic variation of a beauveria bassiana (ascomycota: hypocreales) minisatellite is independent of host range and geographic origin.the minisatellite locus, bbmin1, was isolated from a partial beauveria bassiana genomic library that consisted of poly(ga) flanked inserts. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of the bbmin1 repeat demonstrated allele size variation among 95 b. bassiana isolates. amplification was also observed from single isolates of beauveria amorpha, beauveria brongniartii, and beauveria caledonica. eight alleles were identified at the haploid locus, where repeat number fluctuated between one and fourteen. amova a ...200211908654
bulbs mycoflora and their relation with three stored product mites.the distribution of moulds on stored and field onion and garlic plants infested by bulb mites in assiut area (egypt) was studied using pda medium at 28 degrees c. among 40 host samples and the three mite species tested no significant difference was noted in the contamination by moulds. a total of 20 species appertaining to 11 genera were identified from the tested mites and their habitats. the predominant moulds on all samples were "storage moulds" from the genera aspergillus (a. niger, a. versi ...200211913764
beauveria bassiana as a pathogen of the mexican fruit fly (diptera: tephritidae) under laboratory conditions.bioassays were carried out under controlled conditions (27 +/- 2 degrees c, 80 +/- 5% rh, and a photoperiod of 12:12 [l:d] h) to evaluate the effect of eight strains of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana upon larvae, pupae, and adult females of the mexican fruit fly, anastrepha ludens (loew). mortality of the immature stages was low, 2-8% in larvae and 0% in pupae. however, very high levels of mortality were obtained for adult flies, with values of 100, 98, and 98% for the strains bb ...200211942762
selectivity of biohydroxylation with beauveria bassiana of trans-2-fluorocycloalkyl n-phenylcarbamates.biohydroxylation with beauveria bassiana of racemates and the pure enantiomers of trans-2-fluorocyclohexyl- 3 and trans-2-fluorocycloheptyl n-phenylcarbamates 6 were investigated and compared with results found for the corresponding nonfluorinated parent compounds. in all cases, mixtures of diastereomeric products hydroxylated in the 4-position were isolated, besides products of p-hydroxylation of the aromatic ring and succeeding compounds derived from these primary reaction products. the regios ...200211975562
[population dynamics of beauveria bassiana in masson pine plantation ecosystem].annual dynamics of beauveria bassiana in 12 experimental plots of masson pine plantation inoculated at different doses and frequencies was investigated. the results showed that inoculum density of b. bassiana in the plantation was correlative to released inoculum in initial stage after b. bassiana released. in this period, the amount of inoculum densities at different niches of the plantation was in order of litter layer > crown layer > soil layer. four months later, inoculum densities in x-plot ...200212624985
biotransformations of the cardiovascular drugs mexrenone and canrenone.microbial transformation studies of the cardiovascular drugs mexrenone (1) and canrenone (2) were conducted. thirty-nine biotransformations of mexrenone and 84 biotransformations of canrenone were analyzed. metabolism of the substrate was observed in the majority of these cases. several monohydroxylated derivatives were detected by hplc-ms-uv and subsequently identified. two new mexrenone derivatives, 11alpha- (3) and 12beta-hydroxymexrenone (4), and the known metabolite 6beta-hydroxymexrenone ( ...200312662091
characterization of beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae isolates for management of tarnished plant bug, lygus lineolaris (hemiptera: miridae).selected morphological and physiological characteristics of four beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin isolates and one metarhizium anisopliae (metschnikoff) sorokin isolate, which are highly pathogenic to lygus lineolaris (palisot de beauvois) (hemiptera: miridae), were determined. there were significant differences in conidial size, viability, spore production, speed of germination, relative hyphal growth, and temperature sensitivity. spore viability after incubation for 24h at 20 degrees c r ...200312676549
starvation induced stress and the susceptibility of the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata, to infection by beauveria bassiana.starvation of second instar colorado potato beetle larvae for 24h immediately after treatment with beauveria bassiana conidia increased susceptibility to the pathogen and subsequent sporulation of cadavers but decreased time to larval death. in feeding studies, b. bassiana-treatment had no effect on subsequent larval development, and mortality occurred 5-6 days after treatment. twenty-four hours of starvation alone retarded subsequent larval development but did not affect mortality. mortality of ...200312788282
isolation and characterization of a carboxylic transport protein jen1 and its promoter from metarhizium anisopliae.based on the flanking sequence of t-dna of a t-dna insertion mutant of beauveria bassiana, t12, the full length cdna of carboxylic transport protein, designated majen1, was cloned from metarhizium anisopliae. majen1 is 1,695 bp long and contained a 1,524 bp orf which predicted a protein of 508 amino acid. the amino acid sequence of the gene showed 69% and 31% identity to the carboxylic transport protein of neurospore crassa and saccharomyces cerevisiae, respectively. the genome sequence, gmajen1 ...200312812095
probing crucial metabolic pathways in fungal pathogens of crucifers: biotransformation of indole-3-acetaldoxime, 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime, and their metabolites.indole-3-acetaldoxime is an intermediate of crucial importance in the biosynthesis of diverse plant secondary metabolites of cruciferae. the metabolism of indole-3-acetaldoxime to indole-3-acetic acid via indole-3-acetonitrile by fungi that cause important plant diseases in crucifers, leptosphaeria maculans (asexual stage phoma lingam) causative agent of blackleg disease, rhizoctonia solani causative agent of root rot disease, and sclerotinia sclerotiorum causative agent of stem rot disease, is ...200312818674
cuticular lipids and silverleaf whitefly stage affect conidial germination of beauveria bassiana and paecilomyces fumosoroseus.beauveria bassiana and paecilomyces fumosoroseus are generalist entomopathogenic fungi that infect the silverleaf whitefly (bemisia argentifolii). we found second and third instar whiteflies to be the most susceptible larval stage to both fungi. conidia of b. bassiana germinated most readily on the cuticle of second instars (54% germinated) and p. fumosoroseus germination was highest on third instar cuticle (45%). fourth instars (the ultimate instar) had low susceptibility to these pathogens, an ...200314615214
effect of exposure method to beauveria bassiana and conidia concentration on mortality, mycosis, and sporulation in cadavers of chilo partellus (lepidoptera: pyralidae).the effects of exposure methods, conidial concentrations, and temperature on mortality, mycosis and sporulation in second instar chilo partellus cadavers infected by beauveria bassiana was investigated in laboratory studies. larvae directly sprayed with conidia, exposed to conidia-treated leaves, and dipped into conidial suspension resulted in high mortality (98-100%). the longest lt50 (3.5 days) and days to mortality (2.6 days) were observed in the treated-leaves exposure method. the shortest l ...200314615217
laboratory evaluation of temperature effects on the germination and growth of entomopathogenic fungi and on their pathogenicity to two aphid species.as part of an approach to select potential mycoinsecticides for aphid biocontrol, we investigated the effects of temperature on the growth, germination and pathogenicity of some hyphomycete fungi. commercially available mycoinsecticides (based on beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin and verticillium lecanii (zimmermann) viegas) and other isolates of b bassiana, v lecanii, metarhizium anisopliae (metschnikoff) sorokin and paecilomyces fumosoroseus (wize) brown & smith were evaluated. the rate o ...200312587869
[field efficacy of emulsifiable suspensions of beauveria bassiana conidia for control of myzus persicae population on cabbage].the conidial powder of beauveria bassiana sg8702 produced using a diphasic fermentation technology was formulated into emulsifiable suspension i (ei-i, > 10(10) conidia.ml-1) and es-ii, which resulted from adding 1% (w/v) of imidacloprid 10% wp to the es-i. three dilutions (10(7), 10(6), and 10(5) conidia.ml-1 of each were sprayed onto cabbage plants for control of the green peach aphid myzus persicae population in field plots in kunming, yunnan during july 2001. each dilution and a water spray ...200312920898
inhibitory activity of homoisoflavonoids from caesalpinia sappan against beauveria bassiana.four homoisoflavonoids, 4-o-methylsappanol (1), protosappanin a (2), brazilin (3) and caeasalpin j (4), isolated from caesalpinia sappan, were tested for inhibitory activity against beauveria bassiana. compound 1 showed activity against this fungus.200312946725
beauveria bassiana isolated from engorged females and tested against eggs and larvae of boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae).the purpose of this work was to evaluate the in vitro virulence of three isolates of beauveria bassiana to eggs and larvae of the tick boophilus microplus. the fungus tested were isolated from engorged females of b. microplus collected on the field, and identified as bb28, bb29 and bb30. these isolates were evaluated by immersion of eggs and larvae in suspensions with different conidial concentrations: 10(8), 10(7), 10(6) and 10(5) conidia/ml and compared to the control groups. in the treated eg ...200312964182
effects of virulence, sporulation, and temperature on metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana laboratory transmission in coptotermes formosanus.sporulation characteristics and virulence of metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana were examined in relation to laboratory transmission in coptotermes formosanus. fungal isolates significantly affected disease prevalence in termite populations. sporulation of m. anisopliae played a more important role than virulence in producing epizootics within small groups of termites, but this was not the case for b. bassiana. isolates characterized by quick sporulation (day 2 after death) did not ex ...200313678711
beauvericin cytotoxicity to the invertebrate cell line sf-9.the cyclic hexadepsipeptide beauvericin, initially known as a secondary metabolite produced by the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana and toxic to artemia salina larvae, has been more recently recognized as an important mycotoxin synthesized by a number of fusarium strains, which parasite maize, wheat and rice. therefore, this mycotoxin may enter the food chain, causing yet unknown effects to the health of both domestic animals and humans. the cytotoxic effects of beauvericin on mammalia ...200314617831
the use of amplified fragment length polymorphism for molecular analysis of beauveria bassiana isolates from kenya and other countries, and their correlation with host and geographical origin.beauveria spp. (one beauveria sp., two b. brongniartii, and 47 b. bassiana) isolated from insects and soil from kenya and other 16 different countries, were obtained from the cabi bioscience genetic resource collection. dna was extracted from the 50 isolates and their genetic variability was investigated using restriction analysis of the internal-transcribed-spacer ribosomal region restriction fragment length polymorphism (its-rflp), its sequencing, and amplified fragment length polymorphism (af ...200314680707
pathogenicity of metarhizium anisopliae (metsch.) sorokin and beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin, to three adult fruit fly species: ceratitis capitata (weidemann), c. rosa var. fasciventris karsch and c. cosyra (walker) (diptera :tephritidae).the pathogenicity of two isolates of beauveria bassiana and 12 of metarhizium anisopliae towards adult fruit flies, ceratitis capitata and ceratitis rosa var. fasciventris was tested in the laboratory. fruit flies were exposed to dry conidia evenly spread on velvet material covering the inner side of a cylindrical plastic tube. all isolates tested were pathogenic to both species of fruit flies. mortality ranged from 7 to 100% in c. capitata and from 11.4 to 100% in c. rosa var. fasciventris at 4 ...200314682465
food consumption by chilo partellus (lepidoptera: pyralidae) larvae infected with beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae and effects of feeding natural versus artificial diets on mortality and mycosis.second and third instar chilo partellus larvae were infected with beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae (both at 1x10(8)conidia/ml) and daily consumption of maize leaves was measured. infection by the fungi was associated with reduced mean daily food consumption. reduction in food consumption became evident 3-4 days after treatment with the fungi for second instar larvae and 4-5 days for third instar larvae. four conidial concentrations, 1x10(5), 1x10(6), 1x10(7), and 1x10(8)conidia/ml, ...200314726244
evaluation of oils and microbial pathogens for control of lepidopteran pests of sweet corn in new england.vegetable and mineral oil, beauveria bassiana (balsamo) and bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki berliner were evaluated for control of ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), helicoverpa zea (boddie) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in sweet corn (zea mays l.). field experiments in maine and massachusetts during 1993 and 1994 evaluated oils and pathogens singly or in combinations, using a single application directly to the ...200314977100
[evaluation of interactive efficacy of two mycoinsecticides and low application rate imidacloprid in controlling greenhouse whitefly trialeurodes vaporariorum (homoptera: aleyrodidae)].the interactive effects of pure emulsifiable formulations (10(10) conidia.ml-1) of beauveria bassiana and paecilomyces fumosoroseus conidia and 1% and 3% of imidacloprid 10% wp were tested for controlling greenhouse whitefly, trialeurodes vaporariorum, on lettuce grown in four polyethylene film-covered greenhouses (5 m x 100 m) in kunming, yunnan. six fungal treatments, two imidacloprid ones, and one water-spray control were included in the experiment, with each being replicated in three plots ( ...200314997650
comparison of non-linear temperature-dependent development rate models applied to in vitro growth of entomopathogenic fungi.five non-linear models with three to five parameters, built to quantify the effect of temperature on insect development and microbial growth, were tested to describe the influence of temperature on in vitro-measured growth rates of entomopathogenic hyphomycetes. data from two isolates of each of the four fungal species, paecilomyces fumosoroseus, beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae, metarhizium flavoviride, were used to assess the features of each model. criteria for model evaluation incl ...200315000248
nuclear large subunit rdna group i intron distribution in a population of beauveria bassiana strains: phylogenetic implications.four group i introns, designated bb1, bb2, bb3 and bb4, were identified in the entomopathogenic hyphomycete beauveria bassiana. sequence analyses of these introns verified that they were invariably inserted at specific target sequences after conserved positions ec2563, ec2449, ec2066 and ec1921 of the large nuclear subunit (lsu) rdna 3'-end. secondary structure modelling confirmed that bb1 and bb3 belonged to subgroup ie while bb2 and bb4 belonged to subgroup ic1. intron presence, distribution a ...200314635767
rapd analyses of recombination processes in the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana.to understand the nature of recombination processes in beauveria bassiana, double-auxotrophic complementary mutant strains were used to produce six heterokaryons by three different methods. conidia from these heterokaryons were plated on selective media and stable haploid (but not diploid) recombinants were isolated. single colony recombinants were recovered with both parental and non-parental random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) profiles. these results suggest that a range of different recom ...200314563134
[evaluation for enhanced aphidicidal activity of a noval emulsifiable formulation of beauveria bassiana conidia].a noval emulsifiable formulation (ef) of beauveria bassiana sg8702 containing 10(10) conidia/ml was prepared by suspending dry conidia in mineral oil-based liquid containing emulsifier, stabilizer and uv protectant (emulsion), and then bioassayed on newly merged adults of the green peach aphid, myzus percisae, in parallel to the unformulated conidia (uc). for inoculation, five gradient concentrations of aqueous ef and uc suspensions (5 x 10(5) - 1 x 10(8) conidia/ml) were separately sprayed on t ...200316276902
susceptibility of a native and an exotic lady beetle (coleoptera: coccinellidae) to beauveria bassiana.the exotic multicolored asian lady beetle, harmonia axyridis, became established and recently spread across much of north america and southern canada. in a habitat now used by both the invading h. axyridis and a native lady beetle, olla v-nigrum, we discovered that the native lady beetle was commonly infected by beauveria bassiana; whereas, the exotic h. axyridis, was not. laboratory assays revealed that b. bassiana isolates collected from naturally infected o. v-nigrum were pathogenic to adult ...200314615223
telomere fingerprinting for assessing chromosome number, isolate typing and recombination in the entomopathogen beauveria bassiana.beauveria bassiana is a popular biocontrol agent used as 'green' pesticide in crop insect pest management. chromosome number has been variously reported as five, six, seven and eight in this species. the range of chromosome number and the minimum chromosome number in this economically important fungus were assessed through telomere fingerprint analysis of a sample of 17 isolates from different and similar hosts and distant and same geographic origin. genomic dna digested with ecori, which has no ...200312884954
evaluation of three formulations of beauveria bassiana for control of lesser mealworm and hide beetle in georgia poultry houses.initial screening of 12 beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin isolates against larvae of the lesser mealworm (alphitobius diaperinus [panzer]) resulted in the selection of two isolates, gha and 707, for further testing under field conditions. three formulations of each strain were prepared: an ec, a ground corn granular formulation, and waste product of fungal propagation containing spent media, mycelia, and unharvested conidia ("residue" formulation). two field trials were conducted in commerc ...200314650537
development of a bioassay system for the predator, xylocoris flavipes (heteroptera: anthocoridae), and its use in subchronic toxicity/pathogenicity studies of beauveria bassiana strain gha.microbial biocontrol agents are useful commercially only if they do not harm other natural biocontrol organisms, at recommended use rate in the environment where the microorganism is being used. to test the hypothesis that the predatory warehouse pirate bug, xylocoris flavipes (reuter), is not adversely affected by the entomopathogen, beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin strain gha, we developed a method using individually confined bugs during a 10-d feeding regime. three concentrations of a c ...200314503574
molecular investigation on strain genetic relatedness and population structure of beauveria bassiana.triplicate molecular methods, i.e. polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the pr1 gene, microsatellite markers and 28s rdna haplotyping by detecting the presence or absence of group i introns, were used for population study of the entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana. the findings showed that the average genetic diversity index of geographical populations was significantly smaller than that of populations derived from insect host orders, indicating that the ...200314510844
biological control of greenhouse whitefly (trialeurodes vaporariorum) with fungal insecticides.the influence of the biological insecticide botanigard (beauveria bassiana) on different developmental stages of the greenhouse whitefly (trialeurodes vaporariorum) has been tested and compared with the influence of preferal (paecilomyces fumosoroseus), also a biological product. six experiments were set up to test the two products on eggs, which were four and seven days old, on larvae of the first, second/third and fourth stage and to test the effect on egg-deposition. these experiments were al ...200315149114
screening for tolerance to bavistin, a benzimidazole fungicide containing methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate (mbc), in beauveria bassiana: sequence analysis of the beta-tubulin gene to identify mutations conferring tolerance.the entomopathogenic beauveria bassiana is a potential biopesticide. fungicide-tolerant isolates of this fungus would have an added advantage of being compatible with the conventional chemical methods of pest control. therefore, 30 isolates of the fungus were screened for tolerance to bavistin a commonly used benzimidazole fungicide containing methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate (mbc). germination and growth bioassays in the presence of 0.05% bavistin were conducted for screening. three tolerant ...200312825494
strain-specific detection of introduced beauveria bassiana in agricultural fields by use of sequence-characterized amplified region markers.field studies on the efficacy and persistence of an introduced strain of beauveria bassiana for insect control require detection assays to differentiate the non-native strain from indigenous populations. in this study we developed strain-specific molecular markers based on polymerase chain reaction amplification of sequence-characterized amplified regions (scar) in combination with dilution plating on semi-selective medium to detect and estimate density of propagules of a commercial strain of b. ...200312623307
permeabilization of beauveria bassiana blastospores for in situ enzymatic assays.vigorous agitation of an aqueous suspension of blastospores (bs) of beauveria bassiana mixed with nine volumes of a 1:4 (v/v) mixture of toluene:ethanol (95%) for 10 min permits blastospore permeabilization. agitation results in greater membrane permeabilization than heating blastospores in the presence of toluene:ethanol or the detergents triton x-100, sodium dodecyl sulfate, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and brij-35. the β-galactosidase activity in permeabilized blastospores was determine ...200321149004
bassiacridin, a protein toxic for locusts secreted by the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana.a toxic protein, bassiacridin, was purified from a strain of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana isolated from a locust, using chromatographic methods. the final toxic fraction contained between 0.1 and 0.3% of the proteins of the crude extract. bassiacridin showed no affinity for ion exchangers, was characterised as a monomer with a mol. wt of 60 kda and an isoelectric point of 9.5, and exhibited beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase and n-acetylglucosaminidase activities. injection o ...200415209284
[effects of ultra low volume beauveria bassiana oil formulation on biological diversity].in 2001-2003, an ultra low volume (ulv) beauveria bassiana (bb) oil formulation was used to prevent against dendrolimus punctatus, and its effect on biological diversity (species richness, individual number, species diversity index and evenness index, and dominant index) was investigated. the results showed that there were 473, 392 and 266 species in non-control, bb control and chemical control areas, respectively. the individual number ratio of natural enemies to pest in bb control area (0.1049 ...200415825449
biological control of ticks.ticks have numerous natural enemies, but only a few species have been evaluated as tick biocontrol agents (bcas). some laboratory results suggest that several bacteria are pathogenic to ticks, but their mode of action and their potential value as biocontrol agents remain to be determined. the most promising entomopathogenic fungi appear to be metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana, strains of which are already commercially available for the control of some pests. development of effective ...200415938520
syspastospora parasitica, a mycoparasite of the fungus beauveria bassiana attacking the colorado potato beetle leptinotarsa decemlineata: a tritrophic association.a tritrophic association is reported, involving a colorado potato beetle (leptinotarsa decemlineata) infected with beauveria bassiana, which in turn was infected with syspastospora parasitica.200415861239
biology of hylobitelus xiaoi (coleoptera: curculionidae), a new pest of slash pine, pinus elliottii.the biology of the weevil hylobitelus xiaoi zhang was studied in both field and laboratory in shangyou, jiangxi province, china. this species required 2 yr to complete one generation with overwintering by adults in pupal chambers and larvae in galleries in the bark of host trees. adults emerged from early march to early april and fed on the inner bark of branches of the trees. adults fly little. adults exhibited a diel periodicity, climbing up the trees around sunset and returning to the tree ba ...200415666750
effection of ocneridia volxemi bolivar (pamphaginae, orthoptera) hoppers and adults by beauveria bassiana (deuteromycotina, hyphomycetes) conidia in an oil formulation.ocneridia volxemi bolivar (pamphaginae, orthoptera) is one of the important insects pest in the heigh plains of north east of algeria. larval and adult stages caused severe damage to the leaves of cereals and an other various crops. laboratory studies were conducted to the determine the potential of the fungus beauveria bassiana for the control of the pest of larval and adults. positive results were obtaved when larvae and adults were sprayed with different concentration of fungus conidia (d1: 2 ...200415759416
identification, cloning and expression of pseudomonas aeruginosa ps-x putative urate oxidase gene in escherichia coli.in a previous study we reported for the first time the isolation and characterization ofurate oxidase enzyme from pseudomonas aeruginosa. in this work we isolated and cloned a 1.350 kilobase dna fragment that encode a putative urate oxidase gene from the genomic library of p. aeruginosa ps-x. the nucleotide sequence of the cloned dna insert revealed an open reading frame that encodes a protein of a molecular weight of 54.0 kda. the cloned dna fragment showed an uricolytic activity when expressed ...200415790071
[host transfer of beauveria bassiana population in pine stand ecosystem and impact of its genetic diversity on sustainable control of masson's pine caterpillars].in an anniversary investigation post inoculative release of beauveria bassiana against masson's pine caterpillars in a masson's pine plantation, 119 strains were isolated from 30 host insects, soil, litter and air. based on an esterase isozyme analysis, all these strains were assigned to 32 esterase types, suggesting abundant genetic diversity. the esterase type 2 was assigned including 18 other strains from 11 different host insects, indicating that the released strain had successfully survived ...200415825448
diatomaceous earth increases the efficacy of beauveria bassiana against tribolium castaneum larvae and increases conidia attachment.this research tested the suppressive ability of beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin alone and in combination with diatomaceous earth against the red flour beetle, tribolium castaneum (herbst). adults did not show a dose response to b. bassiana, and the addition of diatomaceous earth (de) did not result in a significant increase in mortality. against larvae, however, de at 190 mg/kg grain enhanced the efficacy of b. bassiana at all concentrations ranging from 33 to 2,700 mg of conidia per kilo ...200415154445
activity of oil-formulated beauveria bassiana against triatoma sordida in peridomestic areas in central brazil.field tests were carried out during the rainy season of 2001/2002 in são luís de montes belos, goiás, brazil, to evaluate the potential of the entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana, against peridomestic triatoma sordida. an oil-water formulation of the isolate cg 14 (embrapa) was applied in triatomine infested hen houses of four farms at a final concentration of 10(6) conidia/cm2. numbers of t. sordida decreased over the next 25 days, after application of the fungus, and b. bassiana develo ...200415250478
[efficacy of emulsifiable formulations of two entomopathogenic fungi against small green leafhoppers on tea plant].a field trial was conducted to test the efficacy of emulsifiable formulations of beauveria bassiana (bb) and paecilomyces fumosoroseus (pf) conidia in controlling small green leafhoppers (empoasca spp.) on tea plant in a hillside tea garden located in shuichang, zhejiang during mid-summer 2002. both bb and pf formulations contained 10(10) conidia x ml(-1). adding 3% of imidacloprid 10% wp to each fungal formulation (w/v) resulted in two other formulations, i.e., bb-imidacloprid mixture (bbim) an ...200415334957
agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of beauveria bassiana using an herbicide resistance gene as a selection marker.beauveria bassiana has been investigated for use in the biological control of several insects in agricultural practice. to understand the molecular basis of virulence and host specificity and to improve the entomopathogenicity of b. bassiana, we have developed a simple, highly efficient and reliable agrobacterium-mediated transformation method for b. bassiana using a phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (bar) gene as a selectable marker. most transformants contained single copies of t-dna and the ...200414992856
comparative analysis of the production of insecticidal and melanizing macromolecules by strains of beauveria spp.: in vivo studies.eleven strains of beauveria bassiana, and a further five species of beauveria sp., were tested by injection of 8x10(2) conidia into the haemocoel of the larvae of the lepidopteran galleria mellonella with the aim of analysing their toxin producing activity in vivo. although the virulent strains killed 100% of the insects at slightly different rates (4-6 days) there were significant differences in the pattern and intensity of host melanization caused by isolates. the majority of the isolates of b ...200415109898
molecular monitoring and evaluation of the application of the insect-pathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana in southeast china.to monitor the fate of inundatively applied strains of beauveria bassiana against masson's pine caterpillar, dendrolimus punctatus, in magushan forest, southeast china, and evaluate the potential environmental risks of biocontrol introduction.200415012826
microbial infection causes the appearance of hemocytes with extreme spreading ability in monolayers of the tobacco hornworm manduca sexta.the ability to adhere to and spread on a surface is a common property of insect blood cells. spreading on a glass surface by insect hemocytes is often used as a measure of immune fitness that can be inhibited by some insect pathogens and parasites. here, we report that upon infection of the tobacco hornworm manduca sexta with either a fungus (beauveria bassiana) or a bacterium (photorhabdus luminescens), a new type of hemocyte, not previously observed in healthy insects, was found in hemocyte mo ...200415043939
[from when on can fungi be identified in nasal mucus of humans?].fungal spores are frequent in air and their occurrence in the nasal mucus appears to be a common finding within the adult population, as we were able to show in recent studies. 91,3 % of crs patients but also healthy controls grew positive fungal cultures out of their nasal mucus. the potential role of fungal elements in nasal mucus for the pathogenesis of crs, with or without polyposis, is currently investigated intensely and discussed very controversially. however, it was still unknown, as of ...200414999588
esterase-mediated tolerance to a formulation of the organophosphate insecticide monocrotophos in the entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuill: a promising biopesticide.the use of biopesticides compatible with chemical pesticides is recommended in pest management as an effective and ecologically sound strategy. the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuill, which is used as a biopesticide, was found to exhibit and lose tolerance to two organophosphorus insecticides widely used in indian fields. the pattern of response is similar to the esterase-mediated organophosphate tolerance in aphids achieved through esterase gene duplication. therefore th ...200415119604
venom from the pupal endoparasitoid, pimpla hypochondriaca, increases the susceptibility of larval lacanobia oleracea to the entomopathogens bacillus cereus and beauveria bassiana.cellular immune responses in insects protect them against parasites and pathogens that enter their hemocoel. venom from the solitary pupal endoparasitoid, pimpla hypochondriaca, has previously been shown to suppress certain key, cell-mediated immune responses of lacanobia oleracea. experiments were performed to determine if l. oleracea larvae injected with p. hypochondriaca venom would be more susceptible to bacillus cereus, or beauveria bassiana, when these microorganisms were subsequently inje ...200415145247
vegetative compatibility groups in indigenous and mass-released strains of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana: likelihood of recombination in the field.using nitrate non-utilizing (nit) mutants, we determined vegetative compatibility groups (vcg) among strains of beauveria bassiana representing strains indigenous to north america, isolated from diverse insect hosts, and strains that have been mass released for insect control. genetic similarity among these strains was analyzed using random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers. our data revealed 23 vcgs among the 34 strains tested, with most of these groups comprised of only a single strain. ...200415145248
infection of the immature stages of diadegma semiclausum, an endolarval parasitoid of the diamondback moth, by beauveria bassiana.interactions between the immature stages of diadegma semiclausum, an endolarval parasitoid of plutella xylostella, and the fungal entomopathogen beauveria bassiana were investigated in the laboratory. detrimental effects of b. bassiana on d. semiclausum cocoon production and adult parasitoid emergence increased with increasing pathogen concentration and some parasitoid larvae became infected by b. bassiana within hosts. the negative impact of b. bassiana on d. semiclausum cocoon production decre ...200415145252
agrobacterium-mediated insertional mutagenesis (aim) of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana.agrobacterium tumefaciens was used to stably transform the entomopathogenic deuteromycete beauveria bassiana to hygromycin b resistance by integration of the hph gene of escherichia coli into the fungal genome. the transformation protocol was optimized to generate a library of insertion mutants of beauveria. transformation frequencies around 10(-4) and suppression of background growth were achieved. over 90% of the aim mutants investigated contained single-copy t-dna integrations at different ch ...200414634789
diversity of entomopathogenic fungi near leaf-cutting ant nests in a neotropical forest, with particular reference to metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae.we investigated the prevalence of entomopathogenic fungi associated with leaf-cutting ant colonies in a small area of tropical forest in panama. there was a high abundance of metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae near the colonies. beauveria bassiana was also detected in the soil, aspergillus flavus in dump material, and six camponotus atriceps ants were found infected with cordyceps sp. based on a partial sequence of the igs region, almost all of the m. anisopliae var. anisopliae isolates fell ...200414992860
production in vitro of toxic macromolecules by strains of beauveria bassiana, and purification of a chitosanase-like protein secreted by a melanizing isolate.the production of macromolecular insecticidal toxins in adamek's medium by two selected strains of beauveria bassiana was investigated. filtrates and dialysates of the melanizing strain 618 were toxic when injected into the lepidopteran insect galleria mellonella. separation by deae chromatography revealed that peaks eluted respectively with 100 and 200 mm nacl (p 100 and p 200) had an insecticidal activity and induced cuticular blackening. a hydrophilic protein, bclp, which causes the formation ...200415450862
[natural presence of beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin in the sugar cane (saccharum sp. hybrid) in cuba].the natural presence of beauveria bassiana was determined (balsamo) vuillemin from insects with mycotic symptoms collected in leaves and in the stalks of sugar cane (saccharum sp. hybrid) in pinar del río, ciudad de la habana, habana, matanzas, villa clara, cienfuegos and camagüey. the results obtained demonstrate the natural presence of the entomopathogen fungus in larvae and chrysalises of diatraea saccharalis (fabricius) and they suggest the basis for the strategy of biological control agains ...200415458363
ocurrence of the antibiotic producing bacterium burkholderia sp. in colonies of the leaf-cutting ant atta sexdens rubropilosa.fungus garden material from recently established atta sexdens rubropilosa colonies (6-12 months old) was sampled to detect antibiotic producing microorganisms that inhibited the growth of pathogens of insects and of the fungus gardens but did not affect their mutualistic fungus. a bacterium with activity against the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana was isolated from 56% of the gardens tested (n=57) and identified from its biochemical profile and from 16s and 23s ribosomal dna sequences ...200415476982
restriction fragment length polymorphism of mitochondrial genome of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana reveals high intraspecific variation.beauveria bassiana is an entomopathogenic fungus with a growing potential for pest control in different agro-ecosystems worldwide. such potential brings the necessity of developing a strain specific typing system. in a previous study, we reported the identification of molecular variants in mitochondrial dna (mtdna) polymorphism in 15 north american isolates. results indicated a highly conserved mitochondrial genome showing only two mitochondrial genotypes (mitotypes). in this study we used whole ...200415506018
a pilot-scale expressed sequence tag analysis of beauveria bassiana gene expression reveals a tripeptidyl peptidase that is differentially expressed in vivo.the entomopathogen beauveria bassiana is a dimorphic fungus that displays an in vivo-specific, yeast-like parasitic phase. in order to study the transcriptome of b. bassiana during this unique developmental phase, we developed a method to harvest in vivo b. bassiana cells from infected manduca sexta larvae. the infected hemolymph was collected just prior to insect death and subjected to gradient centrifugation, which allowed for separation of the b. bassiana in vivo-produced cells from remaining ...200415518349
a proposed role for the cuticular fatty amides of liposcelis bostrychophila (psocoptera: liposcelidae) in preventing adhesion of entomopathogenic fungi with dry-conidia.maximum challenge exposure of liposcelis bostrychophila to beauveria bassiana, paecilomyces fumosoroseus, aspergillus parasiticus or metarhizium anisopliae resulted in no more than 16% mortality. we investigated several of l. bostrychophila's cuticular lipids for possible contributions to its tolerance for entomopathogenic fungi. saturated c14 and c16 fatty acids did not reduce the germination rates of b. bassiana or m. anisopliae conidia. saturated c6 to c12 fatty acids that have not been ident ...200415518350
disseminated beauveria bassiana infection in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.we describe a case of disseminated beauveria bassiana infection in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. her infection was successfully treated with amphotericin b and itraconazole. b. bassiana is rarely reported as a human pathogen. it is commonly found in soil and because of its pathogenicity to many insect species is incorporated into several pesticides.200415528759
effect of temperature on efficacy of insecticides to differential grasshopper (orthoptera: acrididae).the effect of temperature on activity of insecticides for controlling grasshoppers in leafy green vegetables was evaluated. insecticides evaluated had differing modes of action and included diflubenzuron, azadirachtin, beauveria bassiana, spinosad, endosulfan, esfenvalerate, and naled. we evaluated these insecticides for efficacy to third instars of differential grasshopper, melanoplus differentialis (thomas), at temperatures ranging from 10 to 35 degrees c. in the laboratory, treatment with esf ...200415568348
control of sawtoothed grain beetles (coleoptera: silvanidae) in stored oats by using an entomopathogenic fungus in conjunction with seed resistance.we tested the hypothesis that the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana would be more efficacious on oat cultivars that prolonged the immature developmental period of sawtoothed grain beetle, oryzaephilus surinamensis (l.), a storage pest. however, percentage of reduction in progeny production was similar on whole 'don' and 'paul' oats treated with fungus, even though immature developmental time was longer on whole 'don' than on 'paul' oats. in our initial test at 10 mg of conidia per kilog ...200415568371
laboratory evaluation of the compatibility and the synergism between the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana and deltamethrin to resistant strains of boophilus microplus.beauveria bassiana is one of the most promising agents for use as a bioacaricide to control the cattle tick boophilus microplus, responsible for economic losses and transmission of infectious diseases. with the aim of optimizing the efficacy of chemical products, as well as the use of entomopathogens, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the compatibility and the synergism between this fungus and the drug deltamethrin on a strain of b. microplus that is resistant to this product.200415604512
agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana.agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (agro-transformation) was successfully applied to the entomogenous fungus beauveria bassiana. conidia of b. bassiana were transformed to hygromycin b resistance using the hph gene of escherichia coli as the selective trait, under the control of a heterologous fungal promoter and the aspergillus nidulans trpc terminator. the efficiency of transformation was up to 28 and 96 transformants per 10(4) and 10(5) target conidia, respectively, using three ...200415234517
relationship between thermotolerance and hydrophobin-like proteins in aerial conidia of beauveria bassiana and paecilomyces fumosoroseus as fungal biocontrol agents.this study was to illustrate the relationship between the thermotolerance and the contents of hydrophobin-like or formic-acid-extractable (fae) proteins in aerial conidia of beauveria bassiana and paecilomyces fumosoroseus produced on rice-based substrate.200415239698
pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae to ixodidae tick species dermacentor variabilis, rhipicephalus sanguineus, and ixodes scapularis.nymphal and adult ticks from three different tick species, dermacentor variabilis say, ixodes scapularis say, and rhipicephalus sanguineus latrielle, were treated with conidia and blastospores of the entomopathogenic fungi beauveria bassiana (bals.) vuill. and metarhizium anisopliae metschnikoff. dose-response experiments indicated that a critical concentration of fungal spores is required for infection and mortality. over a 28-d time course, fungal suspensions of either b. bassiana or m. anisop ...200415311464
[production and properties of chitinase from beauveria bassiana bb174 in solid state fermentation].this paper studied the chitinase production of beauveria bassiana bb174 under solid state fermentation condition. the optimal medium consisted of wheat bran and silkworm chrysalis at the ratio of 4:1, supplemented with 1 g peptone l(-1) as nitrogen source and some other mineral nutrients. the enzyme activity reached 126 units per gram dry medium after cultured for 2 days at 28 degrees c and natural ph by inoculated 3 ml spore suspension into this medium. the optimal temperature and ph for chinti ...200415320411
use of light, scanning electron microscopy and bioassays to evaluate parasitism by entomopathogenic fungi of the red scale insect of palms (phoenicococcus marlatti ckll., 1899).we have evaluated the parasitism of the red scale insect of the date palm (phoenicococcus marlatti) by entomopathogenic fungi, using light microscopy (lm), scanning electron microscopy (sem) and low temperature scanning electron microscopy (ltsem). beauveria bassiana, lecanicillium dimorphum and lecanicillium cf. psalliotae, were inoculated directly on the scale insects or on insect infested plant material. we found that l. dimorphum and l. cf. psalliotae developed on plant material and on scale ...200515629648
cloning of beauveria bassiana chitinase gene bbchit1 and its application to improve fungal strain virulence.entomopathogenic fungi can produce a series of chitinases, some of which act synergistically with proteases to degrade insect cuticle. however, chitinase involvement in insect fungus pathogenesis has not been fully characterized. in this paper, an endochitinase, bbchit1, was purified to homogeneity from liquid cultures of beauveria bassiana grown in a medium containing colloidal chitin. bbchit1 had a molecular mass of about 33 kda and pi of 5.4. based on the n-terminal amino acid sequence, the c ...200515640210
allergens of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana.background: beauveria bassiana is an important entomopathogenic fungus currently under development as a bio-control agent for a variety of insect pests. although reported to be non-toxic to vertebrates, the potential allergenicity of beauveria species has not been widely studied. methods: ige-reactivity studies were performed using sera from patients displaying mould hypersensitivity by immunoblot and immunoblot inhibition. skin reactivity to b. bassiana extracts was measured using intradermal s ...200515644142
[beauvericin: chemical and biological aspects and occurrence].beauvericin (bea) is a cyclic hexadepsipeptide produced by beauveria bassiana, paecilomyces fumosoroseus, paecilomyces tenuipes, polyporus sulphurous, and a variety of fusarium species. this mycotoxin shows antimicrobial, insecticidal, cytotoxic, and apoptotic activity. it is the most potent specific inhibitor of cholesterol acyltransferase and possesses ionophoric properties. bea increases ion permeability in biological membranes by forming a complex with essential cations (ca2+, na+, k+), whic ...200516370518
synergistic interaction between beauveria bassiana- and bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis-based biopesticides applied against field populations of colorado potato beetle larvae.commercial biopesticides based on the fungal pathogen beauveria bassiana strain gha and the bacterial pathogen bacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis were applied alone and in combination (tank mixed) against larval populations of the colorado potato beetle, leptinotarsa decemlineata, in small plots of potatoes over three field seasons. interactions between the two products were evaluated in terms of pest-control efficacy. b. bassiana (formulated as mycotrol) was applied at low and medium label rate ...200516307755
cultivation of entomopathogenic fungi for the search of antibacterial compounds.entomopathogenic fungi are a rich source of natural bioactive compounds. to establish cultivation conditions which facilitate the production of bioactive compounds and to select good genera among entomopathogenic fungi as the producer, 47 typical entomopathogenic fungi were tested for their ability to produce antibiotic activity. thirty-eight strains (81%) and 30 strains (64%) of these fungi produced either anti-bacillus compounds or anti-staphylococcus compounds, respectively, indicating that t ...200516244901
[community structure of entomogenous fungi in beauveria-inoculated masson's pine forest].the study on the community structure of entomogenous fungi in a masson's pine forest having been inoculated with beauveria bassiana for many years showed that there were 4 genus and 7 species of entomogenous fungi, among which, b. bassiana was the dominant species, occupying 63.22% of the total, followed by paeciloniyces (25.86%), metarhizium (9.20%) and verticillumn (1.72%). in terms of insect host diversity, the brillouin index and evenness index were 3.564 and 2.315, and 0.814 and 0.865 for b ...200516515187
bassianolone: an antimicrobial precursor of cephalosporolides e and f from the entomoparasitic fungus beauveria bassiana.we have established the chemical structure of (+)-bassianolone (3), the antimicrobial compound precursor of cephalosporolides e and f, and that of the furan metabolite 4 from the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana.200515785802
transformations of steroids by beauveria bassiana.the course of transformations of testosterone and its derivatives, including compounds with an additional c1,c2 double bond and/or a 17alpha-methyl group, a 17beta-acetyl group or without a 19-methyl group, by a beauveria bassiana culture was investigated. the fungi promoted hydroxylation of these compounds at position 11alpha, oxidation of the 17beta-hydroxyl group, reduction of the c1,c2 or c4,c5 double bonds and degradation of the progesterone side-chain, leading to testosterone. the structur ...200515787253
conidia production by beauveria bassiana (for the biocontrol of a diamondback moth) during solid-state fermentation in a packed-bed bioreactor.conidia of beauveria bassiana cs-1, which have the potential for the control of the diamondback moth (plutella xylostella), were produced by solid-state fermentation (ssf) using a packed-bed bioreactor with rice straw and wheat bran. as the packing density and the bed height were increased, the production of conidia decreased. in a packed-bed bioreactor under no aeration and no addition of polypropylene (pp) foam (control), the total average of conidia was 4.9 x 10(8) g-1. the production of coni ...200515703878
rel1, a homologue of drosophila dorsal, regulates toll antifungal immune pathway in the female mosquito aedes aegypti.signaling by drosophila toll pathway activates two rel/nf-kappab transcription factors, dorsal (dl) and dorsal-related immune factor (dif). dl plays a central role in the establishment of dorsoventral polarity during early embryogenesis, whereas dif mediates the toll receptor-dependent antifungal immune response in adult drosophila. the absence of a dif ortholog in mosquito genomes suggests that dl may play its functional role in the mosquito toll-mediated innate immune responses. we have cloned ...200515722339
techniques and parameters used in compatibility tests between beauveria bassiana (bals) vuill and in vitro phytosanitary products.the objective of this work was to test and compare different techniques used in tests for compatibility between the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuill and phytosanitary products, in order to develop a protocol for in vitro tests. four modes of contact were studied between b bassiana (cg432) and the fungicides iprodione (rovral) 500 g litre(-1) sc) and azoxystrobin (amistar) 500 g kg(-1) wg), and the insecticide endosulfan (thiodan) 350 g litre(-1) ec), at three rates. the ...200515726566
optimization of erythritol and glycerol accumulation in conidia of beauveria bassiana by solid-state fermentation, using response surface methodology.entomopathogenic fungi are widely produced for use as mycoinsecticides. therefore, improvement of the shelf life of fungal propagules under good and adverse conditions should be a pre-requisite of their production. in order to improve conidial physiology as well as mycoinsecticide efficiency, culture conditions may be varied. the doehlert design was used to generate response surfaces with an estimation of the parameters of the quadratic model allowing the study of three different factors at a di ...200515731900
time-concentration-mortality modeling of the synergistic interaction of beauveria bassiana and imidacloprid against nilaparvata lugens.interactions between the entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana sg8702, and imidacloprid on nilaparvata lugens (homoptera: delphacidae) were studied in laboratory bioassays by spraying suspensions of unformulated conidia (assay 1) and aqueous dilutions of emulsifiable conidia formulation alone (assay 2) or together with imidacloprid at the sub-lethal rates of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 microg ml(-1) (assays 3-5). each assay consisted of five conidia concentrations plus an appropriate control and thre ...200515751011
saturated salt solutions for humidity control and the survival of dry powder and oil formulations of beauveria bassiana conidia.oil-based formulated conidia sprayed on steel plates and conidia powder (control) of beauveria bassiana isolate imi 386243 were stored at temperatures from 10 to 40 degrees c in desiccators over saturated salt solutions providing relative humidities from 32 to 88%, or in hermetic storage at 40 degrees c, and moisture contents in equilibrium with 33 or 77% relative humidity. the negative semi-logarithmic relation (p<0.005) between conidia longevity (at 40 degrees c) and equilibrium relative humid ...200515876439
boophilus microplus infection by beauveria amorpha and beauveria bassiana: sem analysis and regulation of subtilisin-like proteases and chitinases.beauveria bassiana is a well-known broad-range arthropod pathogen which has been used in biological control of several pest insects and ticks such as boophilus microplus. beauveria amorpha has both endophytic and entomopathogenic characteristics, but its capacity for biological control has still not been studied. during the processes of host infection, b. bassiana and b. amorpha produce several hydrolytic extracellular enzymes, including proteases and chitinases, which probably degrade the host ...200515886912
global gene expression analysis of anopheles gambiae responses to microbial challenge.anopheles gambiae transcript responses to experimental challenge with heat inactivated salmonella typhimurium, staphylococcus aureus and beauveria bassiana have been analyzed with an affymetrix genechip comprising the entire predicted mosquito transcriptome. significant up- or down-regulation (greater than 2-fold) can be assayed for approximately 2% of the mosquito transcriptome and affected genes represent a variety of functional classes that include immunity, apoptosis, stress response, detoxi ...200515894188
molecular characterisation of beauveria bassiana isolates obtained from overwintering sites of sunn pests (eurygaster and aelia species).110 isolates of beauveria (104 b. bassiana, 5 beauveria spp., 1 b. brongniartii) were obtained from sunn pests (eurygaster and aelia species), litter, and other insect samples at overwintering sites in seven countries in the middle east and west asia. dna was extracted from these isolates, and four techniques were used to characterize and to investigate genetic diversity at the molecular level: its-rflp, its sequencing, issr-pcr, and aflp. the its-rflp and its sequences did not detect significan ...200515912946
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