Publications

enhancement of wound healing by curcumin in animals.	tissue repair and wound healing are complex processes that involve inflammation, granulation, and remodeling of the tissue. in this study, we evaluated the in vivo effects of curcumin (difeurloylmethane), a natural product obtained from the rhizomes of curcuma longa on wound healing in rats and guinea pigs. we observed faster wound closure of punch wounds in curcumin-treated animals in comparison with untreated controls. biopsies of the wound showed reepithelialization of the epidermis and incre ...	1998	9776860
subchronic oral hepatotoxicity of turmeric in mice--histopathological and ultrastructural studies.	dietary administration of the whole spice turmeric (0.2%, 1.0%, 5.0%) or ethanolic turmeric extract (ete, 0.05%, 0.25%) for 14 days, at doses reported to be cancer preventive in model systems, were found to be hepatotoxic in mice. histopathological evaluation showed coagulative necrosis accompanied by a zone of regenerating parenchymal cells of liver. the ultrastructural changes in liver parenchymal cells were non-specific reaction to injury. results suggest mouse to be a susceptible species for ...	1998	9782784
effect of turmeric, turmerin and curcumin on h2o2-induced renal epithelial (llc-pk1) cell injury.	cell injury by oxidative stress is an important mechanism for renal epithelial cell destruction. this study observed the protective effect of turmeric and its constituents on h2o2-induced injury. turmeric consists of a water soluble turmerin and lipid soluble curcumin with potent antioxidant properties. confluent llc-pk1 cells were labelled with 3h-arachidonic acid at 0.1 microci/ml over 18 h and then further labelled with 51cr. turmeric ( 100 microg/ml-0.1 microg/ml), turmerin (800 ng/ml-0.8 ng ...	1998	9436613
the effect of curcumin on human b-cell immortalization by epstein-barr virus.	cyclosporine is a commonly used immunosuppressant in solid-organ transplantation. it is, however, associated with an increased incidence of epstein-barr virus (ebv)induced post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (ptld). in this study, human b lymphocytes isolated from healthy volunteers were immortalized in vitro with ebv. the effect of oxidative stress mediated by cyclosporine a or hydrogen peroxide on in vitro b cell immortalization was studied by coculturing immortalized b cells with cyc ...	1998	9457037
chemopreventive efficacy of curcumin-free aqueous turmeric extract in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced rat mammary tumorigenesis.	the modulating effects of turmeric (t), ethanolic turmeric extract (ete) and curcumin-free aqueous turmeric extract (cfate) on the initiation or post-initiation phases of dmba-induced mammary tumorigenesis were investigated in female sprague-dawley rats. dietary administration of 1% t/0.05% ete 2 weeks before, on the day of dmba treatment (day 55) and 2 weeks after the single dose (15 mg/animal) of dmba (during the initiation period) resulted in significant suppression of dmba-induced mammary tu ...	1998	9461015
strand scission in dna induced by curcumin in the presence of cu(ii).	curcumin, a naturally occurring phytochemical responsible for the colour of turmeric, has shown a wide range of pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour promoter and anti-oxidant effects. in this paper we show that in the presence of cu(ii), curcumin caused breakage of calf thymus and supercoiled plasmid pbr322 dna. the products were relaxed circles with no detectable linear forms. other metal ions tested (mg(ii), ca(ii), fe(ii) and ni(ii)) were ineffective or less eff ...	1998	9500187
quantitation of chemopreventive synergism between (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and curcumin in normal, premalignant and malignant human oral epithelial cells.	an in vitro model for oral cancer was used to examine the growth inhibitory effects of chemopreventive agents when used singly and in combination. the model consists of primary cultures of normal oral epithelial cells, newly established cell lines derived from dysplastic leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma. two naturally occurring substances, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) from green tea and curcumin from the spice turmeric were tested. cells were treated singly and in combination and ...	1998	9525275
detection of antitumor promoting activity in raji cells carrying epstein-barr virus genome by immunoblotting analysis.	extract of raji cells treated with sodium n-butyrate (1 mm) and a tumor promoter, 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa, 40 ng/ml), was analyzed by immunoblotting using ten human sera with different antibody titers against epstein-barr virus early antigens. two human sera reacted with one induced polypeptide of 48 kda and its induction was inhibited by curcumin (4 micrograms/ml), an antitumor promoter from turmeric. a mouse antiserum against p3hr-1 cells treated with tpa and sodium n-butyrat ...	1998	9532799
curcumin and curcumin derivatives inhibit tat-mediated transactivation of type 1 human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat.	the transcription of hiv1 provirus is regulated by both cellular and viral factors. various evidence suggests that tat protein secreted by hiv1-infected cells may have additional action in the pathogenesis of aids because of its ability to also be taken up by non-infected cells. curcumin [diferuloylmethane or 1,7-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dione] is the yellow pigment in turmeric curcuma longa (linn). it exhibits a variety of pharmacological effects including antiinflamma ...	1998	9561563
amelioration of renal lesions associated with diabetes by dietary curcumin in streptozotocin diabetic rats.	curcumin, the coloring principle of the commonly used spice turmeric (curcuma longa) was fed at 0.5% in the diet to streptozotocin-induced diabetic wistar rats for 8 weeks. renal damage was assessed by the amount of proteins excreted in the urine and the extent of leaching of renal tubular enzymes: nag, ldh, asat, alat, alkaline and acid phosphatases. the integrity of kidney was assessed by measuring the activities of several key enzymes of the renal tissue: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, gl ...	1998	9562245
novel bioactivities of curcuma longa constituents.	bioassay-directed fractionation of ethyl acetate extract from curcuma longa linn. rhizomes yielded three curcuminoids, which displayed topoisomerase i and ii enzyme inhibition activity. curcumin iii (3) was the most active curcuminoid, inhibiting topoisomerase at 25 micrograms ml-1. curcumin i (1) and curcumin ii (2) inhibited the topoisomerases at 50 micrograms ml-1. fractionation of the volatile oil from the rhizomes afforded ar-turmerone (4), which displayed mosquitocidal activity with an ld1 ...	1998	9584408
retardation of experimental tumorigenesis and reduction in dna adducts by turmeric and curcumin.	turmeric and its active principle curcumin have been extensively investigated for their antimutagenic and antioxidant effects in bacterial and animal systems. because oral cancers are common in india, an experimental model of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene-induced buccal pouch tumors in syrian golden hamsters was used to evaluate the tumor retardation effects of turmeric and curcumin. turmeric and/or curcumin was administered in the diet and/or applied locally for 14 weeks along with 7,12-dimethylb ...	1998	9589436
bioactive phytochemicals with emphasis on dietary practices.	diet can modify the pathophysiological processes of various metabolic disorders and can be an effective preventive strategy for various disease processes most of which are known to involve oxidative damage. both nutrient and non-nutrient components of the diet have been recognized for their anti-oxidant and other potential benefits. plant foods contain phytochemicals such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, etc., which show biological activity. some common foods used in indian culinary practices were ...	1998	9863273
curcumin is an in vivo inhibitor of angiogenesis.	curcumin is a small-molecular-weight compound that is isolated from the commonly used spice turmeric. in animal models, curcumin and its derivatives have been shown to inhibit the progression of chemically induced colon and skin cancers. the genetic changes in carcinogenesis in these organs involve different genes, but curcumin is effective in preventing carcinogenesis in both organs. a possible explanation for this finding is that curcumin may inhibit angiogenesis.	1998	10780880
antioxidant phenolics and flavonoids in common indian foods.	to determine antioxidant phenolics and flavonoids in commonly consumed indian foods we chemically analysed 85 food-stuffs comprising of cereals, pulses, nuts, oilseeds, vegetables, fruits and beverages. total phenolics were measured biochemically and flavonoids were measured as a sum of quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin and pelargonidin. high flavonoid content (> 100 mg/100 gm) was present in tea, coffee, apple, guava, terminalia bark, fenugreek seeds, mustard seeds, cinnamon, red chili powder, cl ...	1998	11229280
[effect of turmeric volatile oil on the respiratory tract].	researching the effect of turmeric volatile oil on functions of the respiratory tract.	1998	11599365
[effect of d-limonene, salvia miltiorrhiza and turmeric derivatives on membrane association of ras gene product and gap junction intercellular communication].	gap junction intercellular communication (gjic), h-ras oncogene expression and ras oncogene product(p21ras protein) expression were studied in four human solid tumor cell lines, w1-38, caco2, a549 and paca (with the different ras gene mutation rate), and the effects of four compounds, salvia miltiorrhiza derivative (smd), d-limonene, turmeric derivative i(td-i) and turmeric derivative ii(td-ii), on them. the abilities of the four solid tumor cell lines to transfer dye to adjacent cells were exam ...	1998	12016941
curcumin damages dna in human gastric mucosa cells and lymphocytes.	the naturally occurring pigment curcumin, a major component of the spice turmeric, is reported to be a potent inhibitor of the initiation and promotion of many cancers. due to its presence in the diet, one of its primary targets is the human gastric mucosa (gm) cells. using the sensitive single cell electrophoresis method (comet assay), we found that curcumin at of 15, 25, and 50 microm caused dna damage in gm cells and human peripheral blood lymphocytes. there was no difference between the exte ...	1999	15281237
chemopreventive effect of curcumin, a naturally occurring anti-inflammatory agent, during the promotion/progression stages of colon cancer.	curcumin, derived from the rhizome of curcuma longa l. and having both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, inhibits chemically induced carcinogenesis in the skin, forestomach, and colon when it is administered during initiation and/or postinitiation stages. this study was designed to investigate the chemopreventive action of curcumin when it is administered (late in the premalignant stage) during the promotion/progression stage of colon carcinogenesis in male f344 rats. we also studied ...	1999	9973206
antitumor activity of curcumin is mediated through the induction of apoptosis in ak-5 tumor cells.	curcumin, the yellow pigment of turmeric (curcuma longa), used commonly as a spice, has been shown to possess anticarcinogenic activity. curcumin inhibited ak-5 tumor growth and induced apoptosis in ak-5 cells. curcumin induced apoptosis is mediated through the activation of caspase-3, which is specifically inhibited by the tetrapeptide ac-devd-cho. in addition, curcumin induced tumor cell death is caused through the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates which is inhibited by n-acetyl-l-cy ...	1999	10069393
modulation of radioresponse of glyoxalase system by curcumin.	human beings have been exposed to radiation for many years. it is quite possible that antioxidant phytochemicals consumed in their diet might be providing a variable degree of radioprotection. however, their radiomodifying ability is not well understood. in the present work, curcumin (diferuloyl methane), a phytochemical present in the rhizome of curcuma longa linn. has been examined for its radioprotective property using the glyoxalase system which is vital for various biological functions. cur ...	1999	10075116
dietary curcumin with cisplatin administration modulates tumour marker indices in experimental fibrosarcoma.	curcumin, the active constituent of curcuma longa, which itself possesses antitumour activity against experimental tumours, enhances the antitumour effect of the widely used anticancer drug cisplatin, when used in combination against fibrosarcoma. tumour marker enzymes such as aminotransferases, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase were analysed in liver and kidney homogenates of experimental rats. all these enzyme activities were markedly i ...	1999	10094841
a diacetylenic spiroketal enol ether epoxide, al-1, from artemisia lactiflora inhibits 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced tumor promotion possibly by suppression of oxidative stress.	the inhibitory effects of the diacetylenic spiroketal enol ether epoxide al-1 from artemisia lactiflora on a variety of tumor promoter-induced biological responses such as oxidative stress as well as tumor promotion in icr mouse skin were investigated. al-1 inhibited tpa-induced intracellular peroxide formation in differentiated hl-60 cells, suggesting that this suppression might be attributable to the inhibition of o2- generation. in a double tpa application system in mouse skin, double pretrea ...	1999	10403539
pro-oxidant, anti-oxidant and cleavage activities on dna of curcumin and its derivatives demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin.	curcumin, a naturally occurring phytochemical responsible for the colour of turmeric shows a wide range of pharmacological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. we have earlier shown that curcumin in the presence of cu(ii) causes strand cleavage in dna through generation of reactive oxygen species, particularly the hydroxyl radical. thus, curcumin shows both antioxidant as well as pro-oxidant effects. in order to understand the chemical basis of various bio ...	1999	10418962
curcumin mediated apoptosis in ak-5 tumor cells involves the production of reactive oxygen intermediates.	curcumin, the active ingredient of the rhizome of curcuma longa has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. although its precise mode of action remains elusive, studies have shown that chemopreventive action of curcumin might be due to its ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. curcumin was shown to be responsible for the inhibition of ak-5 tumor (a rat histiocytoma) growth by inducing apoptosis in ak-5 tumor cells via caspase activation. this study was designed to ...	1999	10456330
curcumin inhibits th1 cytokine profile in cd4+ t cells by suppressing interleukin-12 production in macrophages.	1 interleukin-12 (il-12) plays a central role in the immune system by driving the immune response towards t helper 1 (th1) type responses which are characterized by high ifn-gamma and low il-4 production. in this study we investigated the effects of curcumin, a natural product of plants obtained from curcuma longa (turmeric), on il-12 production by mouse splenic macrophages and the subsequent ability of these cells to regulate cytokine production by cd4+ t cells. 2 pretreatment with curcumin sig ...	1999	10510448
the effect of curcumin on glutathione-linked enzymes in k562 human leukemia cells.	curcumin, an antioxidant present in the spice turmeric (curcuma longa), has been shown to inhibit chemical carcinogenesis in animal models and has been shown to be an anti-inflammatory agent. while mechanisms of its biological activities are not understood, previous studies have shown that it modulates glutathione (gsh)-linked detoxification mechanisms in rats. in the present studies, we have examined the effects of curcumin on gsh-linked enzymes in k562 human leukemia cells. one micromolar curc ...	1999	10514034
anti-tumor promoting potential of naturally occurring diarylheptanoids structurally related to curcumin.	in recent years, there have been considerable efforts to search for naturally occurring substances for intervention of carcinogenesis. many components from medicinal or dietary plants have been identified to possess potential chemopreventive properties. for instance, curcumin, a yellow colouring agent from turmeric (curcuma longa linn., zingiberaceae) has been shown to inhibit tumor formation in diverse animal models. alpinia oxyphylla miquel that also belongs to ginger family has been used in o ...	1999	10517978
molecular mechanisms of chemopreventive effects of selected dietary and medicinal phenolic substances.	recently, considerable attention has been focused on identifying naturally occurring chemopreventive substances capable of inhibiting, retarding, or reversing the multi-stage carcinogenesis. a wide array of phenolic substances, particularly those present in dietary and medicinal plants, have been reported to possess substantial anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic activities. the majority of these naturally occurring phenolics retain antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties which appear to c ...	1999	10518003
neuroprotective role of curcumin from curcuma longa on ethanol-induced brain damage.	in the present study, curcumin from curcuma longa was screened for neuroprotective activity using ethanol as a model of brain injury. oral administration of curcumin to rats caused a significant reversal in lipid peroxidation, brain lipids and produced enhancement of glutathione, a non-enzymic antioxidant in ethanol intoxicated rats, revealing that the antioxidative and hypolipidaemic action of curcumin is-responsible for its protective role against ethanol induced brain injury.	1999	10548748
antibacterial activity of turmeric oil: a byproduct from curcumin manufacture.	curcumin, the yellow color pigment of turmeric, is produced industrially from turmeric oleoresin. the mother liquor after isolation of curcumin from oleoresin contains approximately 40% oil. the oil was extracted from the mother liquor using hexane at 60 degrees c, and the hexane extract was separated into three fractions using silica gel column chromatography. these fractions were tested for antibacterial activity by pour plate method against bacillus cereus, bacillus coagulans, bacillus subtil ...	1999	10552805
inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase 2 expression in colon cells by the chemopreventive agent curcumin involves inhibition of nf-kappab activation via the nik/ikk signalling complex.	colorectal cancer is a major cause of cancer deaths in western countries, but epidemiological data suggest that dietary modification might reduce these by as much as 90%. cyclo-oxygenase 2 (cox2), an inducible isoform of prostaglandin h synthase, which mediates prostaglandin synthesis during inflammation, and which is selectively overexpressed in colon tumours, is thought to play an important role in colon carcinogenesis. curcumin, a constituent of turmeric, possesses potent anti-inflammatory ac ...	1999	10557090
oral administration of a turmeric extract inhibits ldl oxidation and has hypocholesterolemic effects in rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis.	the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (ldl) plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. curcumin is a yellow pigment obtained from rhizomes of curcuma longa and is commonly used as a spice and food colouring. curcumin and turmeric extracts have several pharmacological effects including antitumour, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiinfectious activities although the precise mechanisms involved remain to be elicited. we evaluated the effect of an ethanol-aqueous extract ...	1999	10559523
knowledge of consumers regarding the nature and extent of adulteration of indian foods.	the present study was carried out on 60 women consumers selected from three different localities of hisar city in india to study their knowledge regarding adulteration and detecting adulterants in commonly used food items. the post exposure correct responses of the respondents increased remarkably as 100.0 percent of the respondents gave correct responses regarding statements on adulteration of spices and condiments, the most common adulterated food item and to when and whom they could approach ...	1999	10561864
curcumin enhances wound healing in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and genetically diabetic mice.	tissue repair and wound healing are complex processes that involve inflammation, granulation and tissue remodeling. interactions of different cells, extracellular matrix proteins and their receptors are involved in wound healing, and are mediated by cytokines and growth factors. previous studies from our laboratory have shown that curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a natural product obtained from the rhizomes of curcuma longa, enhanced cutaneous wound healing in rats and guinea pigs. in this study, w ...	1999	10564565
choleretic effects of curcuminoids on an acute cyclosporin-induced cholestasis in the rat.	former studies have shown that curcumin, which can be extracted from different curcuma species, is able to stimulate bile flow in rats, whereas bisdemethoxycurcumin, which is mainly found in rhizomes of curcuma longa, is believed to inhibit bile flow. to reevaluate this observation we investigated the influence of both curcuminoids on bile flow, bile acid concentration and excretion over a time period of 180 min in the bile fistula model in rats. furthermore, we tested the ability of both curcum ...	1999	10575375
curcuma longa inhibits tnf-alpha induced expression of adhesion molecules on human umbilical vein endothelial cells.	identification of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory small molecules is very important for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs. we demonstrate here that out of three compounds, viz diferuloylmethane, p-coumaroylferuloylmethane and di-p-coumaroylmethane, present in the ethyl acetate extract of curcuma longa, diferuloylmethane is most potent in inhibiting tnf-alpha induced expression of icam-1, vcam-1 and e-selectin on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. the inhibition by diferuloylmethane ...	1999	10576620
effects of marinating with asian marinades or western barbecue sauce on phip and meiqx formation in barbecued beef.	heterocyclic aromatic amines (haas), a group of chemicals formed during high-temperature cooking of meat and fish, are potent mutagens and are suspected to play a role in colorectal cancer. a recent study suggested that marinating meat may offer a way to reduce haa formation. hawaii's diverse ethnic populations, which are at various risks of colorectal cancer, often use traditional marinades when cooking meat. we compared the haa content of beef steaks marinated overnight with teriyaki sauce, tu ...	1999	10578481
potential role of cerebral glutathione in the maintenance of blood-brain barrier integrity in rat.	using the model of glutathione (gsh) depletion, possible role of gsh in the maintenance of blood-brain barrier (bbb) integrity was evaluated in rats. administration (i.p.) of gsh depletors, diethyl maleate (dem, 1-4 mmol/kg), phorone (2-3 mmol/kg) and 2-cyclohexene-1-one (chx, 1 mmol/kg), to male adults was found to deplete brain and liver gsh and increase the bbb permeability to micromolecular tracers (sodium fluorescein and [14c]sucrose) in a dose-dependent manner at 2h. however, bbb permeabil ...	1999	10591399
a dose dependent anti-genotoxic effect of turmeric.	the anti-genotoxic action of turmeric was evaluated by somatic mutation and recombination test (smart). as described in other mutagenecity tests, turmeric showed non mutagenic effects in the smart. the well known powerful mutagen urethane was used as a model to evaluate the anti-genotoxicity of turmeric. combined treatment of urethane and turmeric displayed, throughout all concentrations assayed, an inhibition of the genotoxic effect of urethane by turmeric. this anti-genotoxic effect was propor ...	1999	10613194
inhibitory effects of 150 plant extracts on elastase activity, and their anti-inflammatory effects.	the inhibitory effects of 150 medicinal plants on elastase activity were investigated. among the 150 plants, six plant extracts (final concentration 1 mg/ml in methanol) exhibited more than 65% of inhibition of elastase activity. the inhibitory effects of six active plants, including areca catechu (ic50, 42.4 mug/ml), cinnamonum cassia (ic50, 208.7 mug/ml), myristica fragrans (ic50, 284.1 mug/ml), curcuma longa (ic50, 398.4 mug/ml), alpinia katsumadai (ic50, 465.7 mug/ml) and dryopteris cassirrh ...	1999	18505532
investigation of the effects of selected medicinal plants on experimental thrombosis.	six medicinal plants indigenous to africa were evaluated for their activity on experimental thrombosis in mice. of the plants screened, the extract of commiphora molmol exhibited the strongest antithrombotic activity, while the extract of ageratum conyzoides showed no marked activity. this study established the antithrombotic effect of the extracts of azadiractha indica, bridelia ferruginea, commiphora molmol, garcinia kola and curcuma longa.	1999	10353165
effects of curcuma longa on proliferation of cultured bovine smooth muscle cells and on expression of low density lipoprotein receptor in cells.	to investigate the inhibitory effects of aqueous turmeric extract (aqt) and serum of rats orally treated with ethanol extract of turmeric (set) on proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (vsmc) and its effects on the expression of low density lipoprotein receptor (ldl-r) antigen on the surface of smooth muscle cells.	1999	11593527
potentiation by turmeric and curcumin of gamma-radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in chinese hamster ovary cells.	the effect of turmeric and curcumin, two natural antioxidants, on the frequencies of chromosome aberrations induced in chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells by gamma-radiation was investigated. cells were treated with three concentrations of each drug, turmeric (100, 250, and 500 microg/ml) and curcumin (2.5, 5, and 10 microg/ml), and then irradiated (2.5 gy) during different phases of the cell cycle. turmeric was not clastogenic by itself, whereas curcumin at 10 microg/ml enhanced the chromosomal d ...	1999	10321406
a review of plants used in the treatment of liver disease: part two.	botanical medicines have been used traditionally by herbalists and indigenous healers worldwide for the prevention and treatment of liver disease. clinical research in this century has confirmed the efficacy of several plants in the treatment of liver disease, while basic scientific research has uncovered the mechanisms by which some plants provide their therapeutic effects. this article is part two in a review of botanicals used in the treatment of liver disease. curcuma longa (turmeric), camel ...	1999	10383482
antifertility efficacy of curcuma longa (50% e to h extract) with special referance to serum biochemistry and fertility test.	oral feeding of 50% etoh extract of curcuma longa to male rats at the dose of 1gm/kg body weight caused significant reduction of serum cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids (p≤0.01 to 0.001). whereas the sgot levels aware not reduced significantly. fertility test showed 80% negative result. the negative fertility results reflects the arrest of spermatogenesis and depletion of androgen level. further curcuma longa reflects antispermatogenic nature.	1999	22556889
antioxidative effects of turmeric, rosemary and capsicum extracts on membrane phospholipid peroxidation and liver lipid metabolism in mice.	phospholipid hydroperoxides (plooh) in the plasma, red blood cells (rbc) and liver of mice were measured after dietary supplementation for one week (1% w/w of diet) with a turmeric extract (curcuminoid), hexane extract of rosemary, and supercritical co2-extracted capsicum pigment (supplemented with alpha-tocopherol to prevent fading). a lower plooh level was found in rbc of the spice extract-fed mice (65-74% of the non-supplemented control mice). the liver lipid peroxidizability induced with fe2 ...	1999	10664844
ferula asa-foetida and curcuma longa in traditional medical treatment and diet in nepal.	food and eating have powerful symbolic value among the hinduistically-influenced ethnic groups of nepal. in addition, food plays a major role in the concepts of illness and curing and constitute an integral part of traditional medical prescriptions. materials that are consumed in 0.5-1.5 g amounts in the daily diet (e.g. the spices turmeric and asafoetida) are used in minute amounts for medical purposes. why? three hypotheses are offered here to discuss this issue.	1999	10616954
interaction of curcumin with phosphatidylcholine: a spectrofluorometric study.	curcumin [1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3, 5-dione], the main constituent of the rhizomes of the plant curcume longa l. (turmeric), is a powerful antioxidant in both enzymatic and nonenzymatic systems. the interactions of curcumin with egg and soy phosphatidylcholine were followed by fluorescence spectroscopy. curcumin had very weak fluorescence in aqueous system, which was enhanced in apolar environments. curcumin emitted at 490 nm after being excited at 451 nm in phosphatid ...	1999	10606563
[the effect of chelidonium- and turmeric root extract on upper abdominal pain due to functional disorders of the biliary system. results from a placebo-controlled double-blind study].	right upper abdominal pain may often be caused by biliary dyskinesia. choleretica and cholekinetica are widely used for medical treatment of complaints due to biliary dyskinesia despite of a lack of randomized clinical trials which may prove their efficacy and potency.	1999	10495621
inhibitory effect of curcumin, a food spice from turmeric, on platelet-activating factor- and arachidonic acid-mediated platelet aggregation through inhibition of thromboxane formation and ca2+ signaling.	curcumin, a dietary spice from turmeric, is known to be anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antithrombotic. here, we studied the mechanism of the antiplatelet action of curcumin. we show that curcumin inhibited platelet aggregation mediated by the platelet agonists epinephrine (200 microm), adp (4 microm), platelet-activating factor (paf; 800 nm), collagen (20 microg/ml), and arachidonic acid (aa: 0.75 mm). curcumin preferentially inhibited paf- and aa-induced aggregation (ic50; 25-20 micro ...	1999	10484074
curcumin inhibits tyrosine kinase activity of p185neu and also depletes p185neu.	curcumin, a natural compound present in turmeric, possessing both anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, has been studied vigorously as a chemopreventative in several cancer models. the erbb2/neu gene-encoded p185neu tyrosine kinase is a potent oncoprotein. overexpression of p185neu in breast cancer is known to be a poor prognostic factor. we investigated the effect of curcumin on p185neu tyrosine kinase and on the growth of breast cancer cell lines. curcumin dose-dependently inhibited p185n ...	1999	10430096
efficacy of curcumin in the management of chronic anterior uveitis.	curcumin, obtained from rhizomes of curcuma longa, was administered orally to patients suffering from chronic anterior uveitis (cau) at a dose of 375 mg three times a day for 12 weeks. of 53 patients enrolled, 32 completed the 12-week study. they were divided into two groups: one group of 18 patients received curcumin alone, whereas the other group of 14 patients, who had a strong ppd reaction, in addition received antitubercular treatment. the patients in both the groups started improving after ...	1999	10404539
prevention of h2o2-induced red blood cell lipid peroxidation and hemolysis by aqueous extracted turmeric.	the protective effect of the aqueous extracted turmeric antioxidant protein on h2o2-induced red blood cell lipid peroxidation and hemolysis was investigated. turmeric antioxidant protein inhibited lipid peroxidation and hemolysis by 70% and 80%, respectively, and was found to be more effective as an antioxidant than were -tocopherol and curcumin.	1999	24393794
biotransformation of curcumin through reduction and glucuronidation in mice.	curcumin, the yellow pigment in turmeric and curry, has antioxidative and anticarcinogenic activities. in this study, we investigated the pharmacokinetic properties of curcumin in mice. after i.p. administration of curcumin (0.1 g/kg) to mice, about 2.25 microg/ml of curcumin appeared in the plasma in the first 15 min. one hour after administration, the levels of curcumin in the intestines, spleen, liver, and kidneys were 177.04, 26.06, 26.90, and 7.51 microg/g, respectively. only traces (0.41 m ...	1999	10101144
[a study on soil suitability for growth of rhizome of curcuma longa l].	to seek for the type of soil that influences favorably the yield and quality of curcuma longa.	1999	12205979
[effect of growth period, storage time and varieties on the contents of main active constituents of curcuma longa l. in rhizome].	to provide criteria for selection, storage and cultivation of the rhizome of curcuma longa.	1999	12205954
[effects of cultivating measures on rhizome yield and some main active constituents of curcuma longa l].	to substantiate the effects of cultivating measures on the rhizome yield and main active constituents of curcuma longa.	1999	12205897
[a study on fresh rhizome simulation model and its application to comprehensive agronomic measures for good quality and high yield of curcuma longa l].	to work out standardized cultivating measures for curcuma longa according to the analysis of fresh rhizome simulation model.	1999	12212083
curcumin inhibits lipoxygenase by binding to its central cavity: theoretical and x-ray evidence.	many lipoxygenase inhibitors including curcumin are currently being studied for their anti-carcinogenic properties. curcumin is a naturally occurring polyphenolic phytochemical isolated from the powdered rhizome of the plant curcuma longa that possesses anti-inflammatory properties and inhibits cancer formation in mice. recently it was shown that the soybean lipoxygenase l1 catalyzed the oxygenation of curcumin and that curcumin can act as a lipoxygenase substrate. in the current study, we inves ...	2000	11029517
cytotoxicity, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of curcumins i-iii from curcuma longa.	curcumin i, curcumin ii (monodemethoxycurcumin) and curcumin iii (bisdemethoxycurcumin) from curcuma longa were assayed for their cytotoxicity, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. these compounds showed activity against leukemia, colon, cns, melanoma, renal, and breast cancer cell lines. the inhibition of liposome peroxidation by curcumins i-iii at 100 microg/ml were 58, 40 and 22%, respectively. the inhibition of cox-i and cox-ii enzymes by the curcumins was observed. curcumins i-iii ...	2000	10969724
role of curcumin in idiopathic inflammatory orbital pseudotumours.	the present report, describes for the first time the clinical efficacy of curcumin, the active constituent of rhizomes of curcuma longa, in the treatment of patients suffering from idiopathic inflammatory orbital pseudotumours. curcumin was administered orally at a dose of 375 mg/3 times/day orally for a period of 6-22 months in eight patients. they were followed up for a period of 2 years at 3 monthly intervals. five patients completed the study, out of which four recovered completely and in on ...	2000	10960899
turmeric.		2000	10911509
supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of turmeric (curcuma longa).	turmeric oil was extracted from turmeric (curcuma longa) with supercritical carbon dioxide in a semicontinuous-flow extractor. extraction rate was measured as a function of pressure, temperature, flow rate, and particle size. the extraction rate increased with an increase in co(2) flow rate and with a reduction of particle size. the effect of pressure and temperature on turmeric extraction suggested the use of higher pressure and lower temperature at which solvent density is greater and thus the ...	2000	10888520
effect of solvent on the excited-state photophysical properties of curcumin.	photophysical properties of curcumin, 1,7-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-2,5-dione, a pigment found in the rhizomes of curcuma longa (turmeric) have been studied in different kinds of organic solvent and also in triton x-100 aqueous micellar media using time-resolved fluorescence and transient absorption techniques having pico and nanosecond time resolution, in addition to steady-state absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. steady-state absorption and fluorescence ...	2000	11107847
an hydroalcoholic extract of curcuma longa lowers the apo b/apo a ratio. implications for atherogenesis prevention.	it is generally accepted that free-radical induced blood lipid peroxidation and especially peroxidized ldl play a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular disease. moreover, recent research highlights the key contribution of apolipoprotein b (apo b) to atherogenesis as the main inductor of one of its earlier steps, i.e. macrophage proliferation. this has led us to investigate the apo b response to a very effective phenolic lipid-antioxidant, namely an hydroa ...	2000	11040400
determination of selected trace elements in foodstuffs and biological materials by destructive neutron activation analysis.	concentration of trace elements in nescafé, fariman sugar, and sadaf turmeric and mercury content in cancerous blood were determined by radiochemical, neutron activation analysis. by this separation method levels of 110mag, 198au, 203hg, 76se, 51cr, 24na, 42k, 99mo, 122sb, 82br, 59fe, 60co were measured without interference in the gamma spectroscopy. a nondestructive method has also been used for the analysis of sodium, potassium, and bromine.	2000	8748216
role of aragvadhadi sutra in the management of fistula -in-ano.	traditional medicine has its own importance for the treatment of various medical and surgical diseases irrespective of tremendous development of modern medicine. there are number of diseases were after repeated surgery. fistula-in ano is one such condition which is prone to recurrence even after repeated surgery and can be effectively treated by ayurvedic medicines. an extensive work has been done on the treatment of bhagandara by kshara sutra exploring various aspects of the problem and finding ...	2000	22556930
inhibition of formation of oxidative volatile components in fermented cucumbers by ascorbic acid and turmeric.	two naturally occurring antioxidants, ascorbic acid and turmeric, were effective in inhibiting formation of hexanal, (e)-2-penenal, (e)-2-hexenal, (e)-2-heptenal, and (e)-2-octenal when slurries of fermented cucumber tissue were exposed to oxygen. added ascorbic acid prevented formation of most of these oxidative aldehydes at 175 ppm or greater. turmeric, which is used commercially as a yellow coloring in cucumber pickle products, was found to almost completely prevent aldehyde formation at 40 p ...	2000	11052754
antifungal potential of some higher plants against fusarium udum causing wilt disease of cajanus cajan.	the fungitoxic effects of different plant extracts on fusarium udum, which causes wilt disease of cajanus cajan in vitro and in vivo, were examined. the complete arrest of the radial growth of the pathogen occurred at a 10% concentration of leaf extract from adenocallyma alliaceum. a leaf extract of citrus medica, a root extract of asparagus adscendens, rhizome extracts of curcuma longa and zingiber officinale, and a bulb extract of allium sativum inhibited up to 100% growth at higher concentrat ...	2000	10955831
antimicrobial potency of the leaf - stalk extract of curcuma longa (linn).	the methanolic extract of the leaf-stalk of curcuma longa linn, was tested for its minimum inhibitor concentration (mic) against gram positive-staphylococcus aureus, bacillus pumilus, bacillus subtilis, klebsiella pnemoniae, bacillus cereus, streptococcus pneumoniae, lactobacillus arabinosus and gram negative e.coli, shigella dysenteriae, shigella sonnei, shigella boydii, salmonella typhimurium, proteus mirabilis, and vibrio cholerae strains, further, the ones of inhibition produced by the crude ...	2000	22557005
l-929 cells harboring ectopically expressed rela resist curcumin-induced apoptosis.	curcumin (diferuloyl methane), the yellow pigment in turmeric (curcuma longa), is a potent chemopreventive agent. curcumin induces apoptosis of several, but not all, cancer cells. many cancer cells protect themselves against apoptosis by activating nuclear factor-kappab (nf-kappab)/rel, a transcription factor that helps in cell survival. signal-induced activation of nf-kappab is known to be inhibited by curcumin. to understand the role of nf-kappab in curcumin-induced apoptosis, we stably transf ...	2000	10747850
berberine.	berberine is a plant alkaloid with a long history of medicinal use in both ayurvedic and chinese medicine. it is present in hydrastis canadensis (goldenseal), coptis chinensis (coptis or goldenthread), berberis aquifolium (oregon grape), berberis vulgaris (barberry), and berberis aristata (tree turmeric). the berberine alkaloid can be found in the roots, rhizomes, and stem bark of the plants. berberine extracts and decoctions have demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against a variety ...	2000	10767672
spice extracts as dose-modifying factors in radiation inactivation of bacteria.	three spices, chili, black pepper, and turmeric, were tested for the effect of their aqueous extracts on the sensitivity of three bacteria, escherichia coli, bacillus megaterium, and bacillus pumilusspores, to gamma-radiation. it was found that the extracts of the three spices offered protection to these organisms against inactivation by gamma-radiation. these spice extracts were also tested for their protection of naked plasmid dna. radiation-induced degradation of plasmid puc18 dna was reduced ...	2000	10775394
an hydroalcoholic extract of curcuma longa lowers the abnormally high values of human-plasma fibrinogen.		2000	10802125
dietary curcumin prevents ocular toxicity of naphthalene in rats.	administration of naphthalene is known to cause cataract formation in rats and rabbits and naphthalene-initiated cataract is frequently used as a model for studies on senile cataract in humans. oxidative stress has been implicated in the mechanism of naphthalene-induced cataract. curcumin, a constituent of turmeric, a spice used in indian curry dishes, is an effective antioxidant and is known to induce the enzymes of glutathione-linked detoxification pathways in rats. during the present studies, ...	2000	10814889
therapeutic potential of curcumin in human prostate cancer. ii. curcumin inhibits tyrosine kinase activity of epidermal growth factor receptor and depletes the protein.	in a search for alternative and preventive therapies for prostate cancer, attention was focused on the ways in which curcumin (turmeric), used in food and medicine in india for centuries, could interfere with the growth factor signaling pathways in both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, as exemplified by the epidermal growth factor receptor (egf-r) signaling.	2000	10851300
a simple and efficient separation of the curcumins, the antiprotozoal constituents of curcuma longa.	a simple and efficient method for the separation of the three phenolic diketones, curcumin 1, demethoxycurcumin 2, and bis-demethoxycurcumin 3, isolated from the rhizomes of curcuma longa has been developed. the method is of general applicability for the separation of compounds containing acidic and chelating groups and is amenable to large scale separations. the curcumins 1-3 show moderate activity against plasmodium falciparum (ic50: 3.5, 4.2 and 3.0 micrograms/ml) and leishmania major (ic50: ...	2000	10865470
potential interactions between alternative therapies and warfarin.	potential and documented interactions between alternative therapy agents and warfarin are discussed. an estimated one third of adults in the united states use alternative therapies, including herbs. a major safety concern is potential interactions of alternative medicine products with prescription medications. this issue is especially important with respect to drugs with narrow therapeutic indexes, such as warfarin. herbal products that may potentially increase the risk of bleeding or potentiate ...	2000	10902065
review on some plants of indian traditional medicine with antioxidant activity.	a lot of medicinal plants, traditionally used for thousands of years, are present in a group of herbal preparations of the indian traditional health care system (ayurveda) named rasayana proposed for their interesting antioxidant activities. among the medicinal plants used in ayurvedic rasayana for their therapeutic action, some of these have been throughly investigated. in the present paper seven plants (emblica officinalis l., curcuma longa l., mangifera indica l., momordica charantia l., sant ...	2000	10904144
effect of cinnamon, clove and some of their constituents on the na(+)-k(+)-atpase activity and alanine absorption in the rat jejunum.	the effect of a water extract of some spices on the in vitro activity of the rat jejunal na(+)-k(+)-atpase was investigated. extracts of nutmeg, cinnamon, clove, cumin, coriander, turmeric and caraway all inhibited the atpase, while anise seed and white pepper exerted no significant effects. the extracts of clove and cinnamon had the most potent inhibitory effect on the intestinal atpase as compared to extracts of other spices. they also inhibited the in vitro na(+)-k(+)-atpase activity in a cru ...	2000	10930696
current lead natural products for the chemotherapy of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection.	a large variety of natural products have been described as anti-hiv agents, and for a portion thereof the target of interaction has been identified. cyanovirin-n, a 11-kda protein from cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) irreversibly inactivates hiv and also aborts cell-to-cell fusion and transmission of hiv, due to its high-affinity interaction with gp120. various sulfated polysaccharides extracted from seaweeds (i.e., nothogenia fastigiata, aghardhiella tenera) inhibit the virus adsorption proces ...	2000	10934347
curcumin-glutathione interactions and the role of human glutathione s-transferase p1-1.	curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a yellow pigment of turmeric with antioxidant properties has been shown to be a cancer preventative in animal studies. it contains two electrophilic alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl groups, which can react with nucleophilic compounds such as glutathione (gsh), but formation of the gsh-curcumin conjugates has not previously been demonstrated. in the present studies, we investigated the reactions of curcumin with gsh and the effect of recombinant human glutathione s-t ...	2000	10996298
chemopreventive effect of curcumin on n-nitrosomethylbenzylamine-induced esophageal carcinogenesis in rats.	modifying effects of curcumin (derived from the rhizome of curcuma longa l.) during the initiation or post-initiation phase of n-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (nmba)-induced esophageal carcinogenesis were investigated in male f344 rats. five-week-old rats were divided into 5 groups, and groups 1, 2 and 3 were given intraperitoneal injections of nmba (0.5 mg / kg body weight / injection 15 times) for 5 weeks from 7 weeks old to induce esophageal neoplasms. groups 2 and 3 were fed the diet containing 5 ...	2000	11011116
differential modulation of nitric oxide production by curcumin in host macrophages and nk cells.	curcumin, the yellow pigment from curcuma longa, has been shown to possess tumoricidal activity. we have earlier reported the induction of apoptosis in ak-5, rat histiocytic cells by curcumin leading to the inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. in this study we have observed differential activation status in host macrophages and nk cells induced by curcumin during the spontaneous regression of subcutaneously transplanted ak-5 tumors. closer scrutiny of the cytokine profile and nitric oxide (no) pr ...	2000	11033360
inhibition by curcumin of diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic hyperplasia, inflammation, cellular gene products and cell-cycle-related proteins in rats.	curcumin (ccm), a major yellow pigment of turmeric obtained from powdered rhizomes of the plant curcuma longa linn, is commonly used as coloring agent in foods, drugs and cosmetics. in this study we report that gavage administration of 200 mg/kg or 600 mg/kg ccm effectively suppressed diethylnitrosamine (den)-induced liver inflammation and hyperplasia in rats, as evidenced by histopathological examination. immunoblotting analysis showed that ccm strongly inhibited den-mediated the increased expr ...	2000	11038236
preservation of alpha-tocopherol in sunflower oil by herbs and spices.	the ability of some commercially available herb and spice extracts to preserve alpha-tocopherol in sunflower oil during heating at 85-105 degrees c was assessed using sunflower oil as a model system. the rancimat was evaluated for the heating stage and was used throughout as it was shown to be viable: alpha-tocopherol did not evaporate under the test conditions. the delay in the onset of rancidity was found to be directly related to the initial alpha-tocopherol concentration (p < 0.01). rosemary ...	2000	11103298
occurrence of orally administered curcuminoid as glucuronide and glucuronide/sulfate conjugates in rat plasma.	curcuminoids, curcumin and its structurally related compounds, constitute the phenolic yellowish pigment of turmeric. we investigated the absorption and metabolism of orally administered curcuminoids (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin) in rats. hplc and lc-ms analyses after enzymatic hydrolyses showed that the predominant metabolites in plasma following administration were glucuronides and glucuronide/sulfates (conjugates with both glucuronide and sulfate) of curcuminoids. the ...	2000	11105995
studies on the genotoxicity of turmeric extracts in bacterial system.		2000	11118850
changes in the prostaglandin levels in alcohol toxicity: effect of curcumin and n-acetylcysteine.	the present study was undertaken to evaluate the potential role of curcumin, the antioxidant principal from curcuma longa linn., and the sulphur-containing amino acid n-acetylcysteine against ethanol-induced changes in the levels of prostanoids. biochemical assessment of liver damage was done by measuring the activities of serum enzymes (i.e., aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase), which were significantly increased in rats fed ethanol, whereas the elevated levels of these enzymes wer ...	2000	11120449
[study on the characterizations of genus curcuma plants on the strains of c. longa l. and c. aromatica salisb preserved at izu station of nihs].	to clarify the characteristics of genus curcuma plants, we studied the properties of six strains of curcuma longa l. and two strains of c. aromatica salisb. preserved at izu experimental station for medicinal plants of national institute of health sciences. six strains of c. longa were classified into three types according to morphological characteristics, rhizome production, and differences in curcuminoid content of rhizome. the curcuminoid content of the rhizomes in each strain ranged from 2.2 ...	2000	11534130
therapeutic potential of curcumin in human prostate cancer-i. curcumin induces apoptosis in both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer cells.	in an effort to find an alternative nontoxic means of inducing the apoptosis potential in both androgen-dependent and hormone refractory prostate cancer cells, attention was focused on curcumin (turmeric), traditionally used in medicine and cuisine in india and other south-east asian countries. the results indicate that curcumin is a novel and potent inducer of apoptosis in both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. this was accomplished by down-regulating apoptosis ...	2000	12497104
inhibitory effects of curcumin and capsaicin on phorbol ester-induced activation of eukaryotic transcription factors, nf-kappab and ap-1.	recently, considerable attention has been focused on identifying dietary and medicinal phytochemicals that can inhibit, retard or reverse the multi-stage carcinogenesis. spices and herbs contain phenolic substances with potent antioxidative and chemopreventive properties. curcumin, a yellow colouring agent from turmeric and capsaicin, a pungent principle of red pepper exhibit profound anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic activities. two well-defined eukaryotic transcription factors, nuclear factor ...	2000	11216470
effect of curcumin on the apoptosis of rodent and human nonproliferating and proliferating lymphoid cells.	curcumin, a major active component of turmeric, has been recognized as an anticarcinogenic agent because of its propensity to induce apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. previously, we showed that curcumin protects cells against oligonucleosomal dna fragmentation and induces a novel apoptosis-like pathway in jurkat cells (piwocka et al. exp cell res 249, 299-307, 1999). here, we have studied the ability of curcumin to induce cell death in other human and rodent transformed as well as normal cells. no ...	2000	11341039
antifungal activity of curcuma longa grown in thailand.	curcuma longa linn. or turmeric (zingiberaceae) is a medicinal plant widely used and cultivated in tropical regions. according to thai traditional texts, fresh and dried rhizomes are used as peptic ulcer treatment, carminatives, wound treatment and anti-inflammatory agent. using hydro distillation, 1.88% and 7.02% (v/w) volatile oils were extracted from fresh and dried rhizomes, respectively, and 6.95% (w/w)crude curcuminoids were extracted from dried rhizomes. dried powder was extracted with 95 ...	2000	11414453
syntheses of curcumin bioconjugates and study of their antibacterial activities against beta-lactamase-producing microorganisms.	in the present study curcumin bioconjugates, viz. di-o-glycinoylcurcumin (i), di-o-glycinoyl-c(4)-glycylcurcumin (ii), 5'-deoxy-5'-curcuminylthymidine (5'-cur-t) (iv), and 2'-deoxy-2'-curcuminyluridine (2'-cur-u) (v) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and (1)h nmr. the turmeric peptide (tp) was isolated from the aqueous turmeric extract of the turmeric rhizome. the antibacterial activity of these four bioconjugates and also of the turmeric peptide and sodium salt of cu ...	2001	11459448
repellency of volatile oils from plants against three mosquito vectors.	volatile oils extracted by steam distillation from four plant species (turmeric (curcuma longa), kaffir lime (citrus hystrix), citronella grass (cymbopogon winterianus) and hairy basil (ocimum americanum)), were evaluated in mosquito cages and in a large room for their repellency effects against three mosquito vectors, aedes aegypti, anopheles dirus and culex quinquefasciatus. the oils from turmeric, citronella grass and hairy basil, especially with the addition of 5% vanillin, repelled the thre ...	2001	11469188
phase ii clinical trial on effect of the long turmeric (curcuma longa linn) on healing of peptic ulcer.	the study examined patients who had symptoms indicating peptic ulcer. forty-five patients, 24 males and 21 females, aged between 16-60 years were included in the study. twenty-five patients, 18 males and 7 females, were endoscoped, their ulcers located in the duodenal bulb and gastric (angulus). the ulcer sizes varied between 0.5 to 1.5 cm in diameter. capsule-filled turmeric was given orally in the dose of 2 capsules (300 mg each) five times daily, one half to an hour before meals, at 16.00 hou ...	2001	11485087
biological activities of curcuma longa l.	there are several data in the literature indicating a great variety of pharmacological activities of curcuma longa l. (zingiberaceae), which exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-human immunodeficiency virus, anti-bacteria, antioxidant effects and nematocidal activities. curcumin is a major component in curcuma longa l., being responsible for its biological actions. other extracts of this plant has been showing potency too. in vitro, curcumin exhibits anti-parasitic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory a ...	2001	11500779
molecular mechanisms underlying chemopreventive activities of anti-inflammatory phytochemicals: down-regulation of cox-2 and inos through suppression of nf-kappa b activation.	a wide array of phenolic substances, particularly those present in edible and medicinal plants, have been reported to possess substantial anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic activities. the majority of naturally occurring phenolics retain antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties which appear to contribute to their chemopreventive or chemoprotective activity. cyclooxygenase-2 (cox-2) inducible and nitric oxide synthase (inos) are important enzymes that mediate inflammatory processes. imprope ...	2001	11506818