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the relationship between structurally different pyrrolizidine alkaloids and western flower thrips resistance in f(2) hybrids of jacobaea vulgaris and jacobaea aquatica.segregating plant hybrids often have more ecological and molecular variability compared to parental species, and are therefore useful for studying relationships between different traits, and the adaptive significance of trait variation. hybrid systems have been used to study the relationship between the expression of plant defense compounds and herbivore susceptibility. we conducted a western flower thrips (wft) bioassay using a hybrid family and investigated the relationship between wft resista ...201121969251
accuracy, precision, and economic efficiency for three methods of thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) population density assessment.western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), is a major horticultural pest and an important vector of plant viruses in many parts of the world. methods for assessing thrips population density for pest management decision support are often inaccurate or imprecise due to thrips' positive thigmotaxis, small size, and naturally aggregated populations. two established methods, flower tapping and an alcohol wash, were compared with a novel method, plant desic ...201121882699
an overview of nmr-based metabolomics to identify secondary plant compounds involved in host plant resistance.secondary metabolites provide a potential source for the generation of host plant resistance and development of biopesticides. this is especially important in view of the rapid and vast spread of agricultural and horticultural pests worldwide. multiple pests control tactics in the framework of an integrated pest management (ipm) programme are necessary. one important strategy of ipm is the use of chemical host plant resistance. up to now the study of chemical host plant resistance has, for techn ...201121765818
esterase inhibition by synergists in the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis.western flower thrips (wft), frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), is among the most important crop pests in the south-eastern region of spain. its increasing resistance to insecticides constitutes a serious problem, and understanding the mechanisms involved is therefore of great interest. use of synergists to inhibit the enzymes involved in insecticide detoxification is widely used to determine their responsibility for insecticide resistance. however, they do not always act as intended or expe ...201121656898
compatibility of spinosad with predaceous mites (acari) used to control frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae).spinosad is a biopesticide widely used for control of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande). it is reported to be non-toxic to several predatory mite species used for the biological control of thrips. predatory mites typhlodromips montdorensis (schicha), neoseiulus cucumeris (oudemans) and hypoaspis miles (berlese) have been used for control of f. occidentalis. this study investigated the impact of direct and residual toxicity of spinosad on f. occidentalis and predatory mites. the repellency of ...201121452165
[resistance mechanisms and cross-resistance of phoxim-resistant frankliniella occidentalis pergande population].to understand the resistance risks of frankliniella occidentalis pergande against phoxim, this paper studied the resistance mechanisms of phoxim-resistant f. occidentalis population against phoxim and the cross-resistance of the population against other insecticides. the phoxim-resistant population had medium level cross-resistance to chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin, and methomyl, low level cross-resistance to chlorfenapyr, imidacloprid, emamectin-benzoate, and spinosad, but no cross-resistance ...201223173470
variation in genetics and performance of dutch western flower thrips populations.invasion of pests may result in local adaptation and the development of biotypes specialized in different hosts. in this study, we investigated western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), an invasive pest in europe. thrips from different commercial glasshouse crops within the dutch westland and a lab culture kept on chrysanthemum were compared. genetic barcoding was applied for the identification of potential western flower thrips cryptic species in the netherlands revealing th ...201223156182
frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) integrated pest management programs for fruiting vegetables in florida.the spread of the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), resulted in the worldwide destabilization of established integrated pest management programs for many crops. efforts to control the pest and the thrips-vectored tospoviruses with calendar applications of broad-spectrum insecticides have been unsuccessful. the result has been a classic '3-r' situation: resistance to numerous insecticides; resurgence of the western flower thrips populations as ...201223109226
repellency of essential oils to frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae) as affected by type of oil and polymer release.eight essential oils [0.125-1.0% (vol:vol) in acetone] were separately deposited on leaf disks to evaluate their potential to repel western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), adult females. two of the best-performing essential oils were incorporated into polymer matrices of methyl cellulose or alginate [0.5 or 1% (wt:vol)] to verify the potential of the polymer to extend repellency of oils over time (24-120 h). results showed that at a concentration o ...201222928303
novel cytochrome p450 genes, cyp6eb1 and cyp6ec1, are over-expressed in acrinathrin-resistant frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae).control of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) is a serious problem for agriculture all over the world because of the limited range of insecticides that are available. insecticide resistance in f. occidentalis has been reported for all major insecticide groups. our previous studies showed that cytochrome p450-mediated detoxification is a major mechanism responsible for insecticide resistance in this pest. degenerate polymerase chain reaction was used to identify p450 genes that might be involv ...201222812142
the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae) contains triplicate putative control regions.to investigate the features of the control region (cr) and the gene rearrangement in the mitochondrial (mt) genome of thysanoptera insects, we sequenced the whole mt genome of the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae). the mt genome is a circular molecule with 14,889 nucleotides and an a+t content of 76.6%, and it has triplicate putative crs. we propose that tandem duplication and deletion account for the evolution of the cr and the gene translocations. intra ...201222750320
western flower thrips resistance to insecticides: detection, mechanisms and management strategies.insecticide resistance continues to be one of the most important issues facing agricultural production. the challenges in insecticide resistance and its management are exemplified by the situation with the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae). this highly invasive pest has a great propensity for developing insecticide resistance because of its biological attributes, and cases of resistance to most classes of insecticides used for its management ha ...201222566175
invasion genetics of the western flower thrips in china: evidence for genetic bottleneck, hybridization and bridgehead effect.the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), is an invasive species and the most economically important pest within the insect order thysanoptera. f. occidentalis, which is endemic to north america, was initially detected in kunming in southwestern china in 2000 and since then it has rapidly invaded several other localities in china where it has greatly damaged greenhouse vegetables and ornamental crops. controlling this invasive pest in china requires an understanding of it ...201222509325
development and characterization of 18 novel est-ssrs from the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande).the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), is an invasive species and the most economically important pest within the insect order thysanoptera. for a better understanding of the genetic makeup and migration patterns of f. occidentalis throughout the world, we characterized 18 novel polymorphic est-derived microsatellites. the mutational mechanism of these est-ssrs was also investigated to facilitate the selection of appropriate combinations of markers for population genet ...201222489130
pyrethrins protect pyrethrum leaves against attack by western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis.pyrethrins are active ingredients extracted from pyrethrum flowers (tanacetum cinerariifolium), and are the most widely used botanical insecticide. however, several thrips species are commonly found on pyrethrum flowers in the field, and are the dominant insects found inside the flowers. up to 80% of western flower thrips (wft, frankliniella occidentalis) adults died within 3 days of initiating feeding on leaves of pyrethrum, leading us to evaluate the role of pyrethrins in the defense of pyreth ...201222456949
proteomic analysis of frankliniella occidentalis and differentially expressed proteins in response to tomato spotted wilt virus infection.tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is transmitted by frankliniella occidentalis in a persistent propagative manner. despite the extensive replication of tswv in midgut and salivary glands, there is little to no pathogenic effect on f. occidentalis. we hypothesize that the first-instar larva (l1) of f. occidentalis mounts a response to tswv that protects it from pathogenic effects caused by virus infection and replication in various insect tissues. a partial thrips transcriptome was generated using ...201222696645
tospoviruses in the mediterranean area.tospoviruses are among the most serious threats to vegetable crops in the mediterranean basin. tospovirus introduction, spread, and the diseases these viruses cause have been traced by epidemiological case studies. recent research has centered on the close relationship between tospoviruses and their arthropod vectors (species of the thripidae family). here, we review several specific features of tospovirus-thrips associations in the mediterranean. since the introduction of frankliniella occident ...201222682175
virus diseases in lettuce in the mediterranean basin.lettuce is frequently attacked by several viruses causing disease epidemics and considerable yield losses along the mediterranean basin. aphids are key pests and the major vectors of plant viruses in lettuce fields. lettuce mosaic virus (lmv) is probably the most important because it is seed-transmitted in addition to be transmissible by many aphid species that alight on the crop. tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is another virus that causes severe damage since the introduction of its major vect ...201222682170
selection of promising fungal biological control agent of the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis (pergande).larval stages of frankliniella occidentalis are known to be refractory to fungal infection compared with the adult stage. the objective of this study was to identify promising fungal isolate(s) for the control of larval stages of f. occidentalis.201222429122
acquired immunity of transgenic torenia plants overexpressing agmatine coumaroyltransferase to pathogens and herbivore pests.we investigated the ability of transgenic torenia (scrophulariaceae) plants to resist fungi and arthropod herbivores. torenia hybrida cv. summerwave blue was manipulated to produce arabidopsis agmatine coumaroyltransferase (atact). this catalyses the last step in the biosynthesis of hydroxycinnamic acid amides (hcaas) which function in defence. transgenic plants accumulated substantial hcaas, predominantly p-coumaroylagmatine, and the hcaas were isomerized from the trans-form to the cis-form in ...201223008754
viruses of pepper crops in the mediterranean basin: a remarkable stasis.compared to other vegetable crops, the major viral constraints affecting pepper crops in the mediterranean basin have been remarkably stable for the past 20 years. among these viruses, the most prevalent ones are the seed-transmitted tobamoviruses; the aphid-transmitted potato virus y and tobacco etch virus of the genus potyvirus, and cucumber mosaic virus member of the genus cucumovirus; and thrips-transmitted tospoviruses. the last major viral emergence concerns the tospovirus tomato spotted w ...201222682167
[resistance risk and resistance stability of frankliniella occidentalis to imidacloprid, emamectin benzoate, and phoxim].in order to effectively control the damage of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), phaseolus vuglaris was dipped with imidacloprid, phoxim, and emamectin benzoate, respectively to select the resistance populations of f. occidentalis from its susceptible population, and the resistance inheritance and resistance risk were analyzed with the resistance reality heredity. after 32, 32, and 24 generations' selection, the f. occidentalis populations obtained 13.8-fold, 29.4-fold and 39.0-fold resistan ...201223479887
development of a real-time fluorescent quantitative pcr assay for detection of impatiens necrotic spot virus.impatiens necrotic spot virus (insv) is an important plant virus that can cause severe disease in various ornamental and agricultural crops. several species of thrips transmit insv, of which the western flower thrip (frankliniella occidentalis) is the most important. in this study, primers and taqman probes based on insv non-structural protein gene sequences were designed, and a technique was developed for detecting insv using fluorescent quantitative rt-pcr. the reproducibility, specificity and ...201323466630
a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor transmembrane point mutation (g275e) associated with resistance to spinosad in frankliniella occidentalis.high levels of resistance to spinosad, a macrocyclic lactone insecticide, have been reported previously in western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, an economically important insect pest of vegetables, fruit and ornamental crops. we have cloned the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nachr) α6 subunit from f. occidentalis (foα6) and compared the nucleotide sequence of foα6 from susceptible and spinosad-resistant insect populations (mlfom and r1s respectively). a single nucleotide change h ...201323016960
resistance breaking tomato spotted wilt virus isolates on resistant pepper varieties in italy.in spring 2012, resistance breaking (rb) isolates of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) that overcome the resistance conferred by the tsw gene in different pepper hybrids have been recovered in different locations in southern italy (campania and apulia regions) in protected cultivation, about one month after transplant. the percentage of symptomatic plants was 5-10% and, only in particular cases of advanced stage of cultivation, it reached 30-50% at the end of cycle. all tswv isolates induced simi ...201325151838
interaction of phytophagous insects with salmonella enterica on plants and enhanced persistence of the pathogen with macrosteles quadrilineatus infestation or frankliniella occidentalis feeding.recently, most foodborne illness outbreaks of salmonellosis have been caused by consumption of contaminated fresh produce. yet, the mechanisms that allow the human pathogen salmonella enterica to contaminate and grow in plant environments remain poorly described. we examined the effect of feeding by phytophagous insects on survival of s. enterica on lettuce. larger s. enterica populations were found on leaves infested with macrosteles quadrilineatus. in contrast, pathogen populations among plant ...201324205384
de novo transcriptome sequencing in frankliniella occidentalis to identify genes involved in plant virus transmission and insecticide resistance.the western flower thrips (wft), frankliniella occidentalis, a world-wide invasive insect, causes agricultural damage by directly feeding and by indirectly vectoring tospoviruses, such as tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv). we characterized the transcriptome of wft and analyzed global gene expression of wft response to tswv infection using illumina sequencing platform. we compiled 59,932 unigenes, and identified 36,339 unigenes by similarity analysis against public databases, most of which were an ...201323434629
juvenile prey induce antipredator behaviour in adult predators.it is generally assumed that the choice of oviposition sites in arthropods is affected by the presence of food for the offspring on the one hand and by predation risk on the other hand. but where should females oviposit when the food itself poses a predation risk for their offspring? here, we address this question by studying the oviposition behaviour of the predatory mite amblyseius swirskii in reaction to the presence of its counterattacking prey, the western flower thrips frankliniella occide ...201322923143
thiamethoxam acts as a target-site synergist of spinosad in resistant strains of frankliniella occidentalis.previous studies have suggested that the resistance mechanism towards spinosad in frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) is an altered target site. like the neonicotinoids, the spinosyns act on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs) in insects, but at a distinct site. the changes in nachrs related to spinosad resistance in thrips might involve interaction with neonicotinoids. in this study, the efficacy of spinosad and neonicotinoids, alone and in combination, was evaluated in susceptible and ...201322847768
foraging on individual leaves by an intracellular feeding insect is not associated with leaf biomechanical properties or leaf orientation.nearly all herbivorous arthropods make foraging-decisions on individual leaves, yet systematic investigations of the adaptive significance and ecological factors structuring these decisions are rare with most attention given to chewing herbivores. this study investigated why an intracellular feeding herbivore, western flower thrips (wft) frankliniella occidentalis pergande, generally avoids feeding on the adaxial leaf surface of cotton cotyledons. wft showed a significant aversion to adaxial-fee ...201324260510
the green lacewing, chrysoperla carnea: preference between lettuce aphids, nasonovia ribisnigri, and western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis.this study investigated the prey preference of 3(rd) instar green lacewing, chrysoperla carnea stephens (neuroptera: chrysopidae), between western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), and lettuce aphids, nasonovia ribisnigri (mosley) (hemiptera: aphididae) in laboratory experiments at 25 ± 1° c and 70 ± 5% rh with five prey ratios (10 aphids:80 thrips, 25 aphids:65 thrips, 45 aphids:45 thrips, 65 aphids:25 thrips, and 80 aphids:10 thrips). third instar ...201324205864
nitric oxide as a potent fumigant for postharvest pest control.there is a great demand for safe and effective alternative fumigants to replace methyl bromide and other toxic fumigants for postharvest pest control. nitric oxide, a common signal molecule in biological systems, was found to be effective and safe to control insects under ultralow oxygen conditions. four insect species including western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera thripidae); aphid, nasonovia ribisnigri (mosley) (homoptera: aphididae); confused flour beetle ...201324498723
potential of the predatory mite phytoseius finitimus (acari: phytoseiidae) to feed and reproduce on greenhouse pests.phytoseiid mites of the genus phytoseius are natural enemies of tetranychid and eriophyid herbivorous mites mostly found on hairy plants where they feed on prey, as well as on pollen. nevertheless, the nutritional ecology and the role of these predators in biological pest control are only rarely addressed. in the present study, we evaluated the potential of phytoseius finitimus to feed and reproduce on three major greenhouse pests, the two-spotted spider mite, the greenhouse whitefly and the wes ...201323771476
chrysanthemum expressing a linalool synthase gene 'smells good', but 'tastes bad' to western flower thrips.herbivore-induced plant volatiles are often involved in direct and indirect plant defence against herbivores. linalool is a common floral scent and found to be released from leaves by many plants after herbivore attack. in this study, a linalool/nerolidol synthase, fanes1, was overexpressed in the plastids of chrysanthemum plants (chrysanthemum morifolium). the volatiles of fanes1 chrysanthemum leaves were strongly dominated by linalool, but they also emitted small amount of the c11-homoterpene, ...201323745691
a male-predominant cuticular hydrocarbon, 7-methyltricosane, is used as a contact pheromone in the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis.in a laboratory bioassay, adult female frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae) spent more time near filter paper disks that had been exposed to adult males than near unexposed disks; this effect was not observed on disks exposed to adult females. the response could only partly be explained by the known male-produced aggregation pheromone, neryl (s)-2-methylbutanoate, suggesting the presence of an unknown male-produced compound. in gas chromatography/mass spectrometry anal ...201323519504
molecular cloning and characterization of an hsp90/70 organizing protein gene from frankliniella occidentalis (insecta: thysanoptera, thripidae).the heat shock 90/70 organizing protein (hop), also known as sti-1 (stress-induced protein-1), is a co-chaperone that usually mediates the interaction of hsp90 and hsp70 and has been extensively characterized in mammals and plants. however, its role in insects remains unknown. in the present study, we isolated and characterized a hop homologue gene from frankliniella occidentalis (fohop). the fohop contains a 1659bp orf encoding a protein of 552 amino acids with a caculated molecular mass of app ...201323458874
genome size and ploidy of thysanoptera.flow cytometry was used to study the genome sizes and ploidy levels for four thrips species: franklinothrips orizabensis johansen (thysanoptera: aeolothripidae), frankliniella occidentalis pergande, frankliniella fusca hinds, and thrips tabaci lindeman (thysanoptera: thripidae). f. orizabensis males and females had 1c genome sizes of 426 mb and 422 mb, respectively. male and female f. fusca had 1c genome sizes of 392 mb and 409 mb, whereas f. occidentalis males and females had smaller 1c genomes ...201323121082
how predictable are the behavioral responses of insects to herbivore induced changes in plants? responses of two congeneric thrips to induced cotton plants.changes in plants following insect attack are referred to as induced responses. these responses are widely viewed as a form of defence against further insect attack. in the current study we explore whether it is possible to make generalizations about induced plant responses given the unpredictability and variability observed in insect-plant interactions. experiments were conducted to test for consistency in the responses of two congeneric thrips, frankliniella schultzei trybom and frankliniella ...201323691075
an eco-metabolomic study of host plant resistance to western flower thrips in cultivated, biofortified and wild carrots.domestication of plants and selection for agronomic traits may reduce plant secondary defence metabolites relative to their ancestors. carrot (daucus carota l.) is an economically important vegetable. recently, carrot was developed as a functional food with additional health-promoting functions. biofortified carrots contain increased concentrations of chlorogenic acid as an antioxidant. chlorogenic acid is involved in host plant resistance to western flower thrips (frankliniella occidentalis), o ...201323583013
postharvest control of western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) and california red scale (hemiptera: diaspididae) with ethyl formate and its impact on citrus fruit quality.the postharvest control of arthropod pests is a challenge that the california citrus industry must overcome when exporting fruit overseas. currently, methyl bromide fumigation is used to control postharvest pests on exported citrus, but it may soon be unavailable because of use restrictions and cost of this health-hazard ozone-depleting chemical. ethyl formate is a natural plant volatile and possible alternative to methyl bromide in postharvest insect control. the objectives of this study were 1 ...201324498732
can mass trapping reduce thrips damage and is it economically viable? management of the western flower thrips in strawberry.the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae) is a cosmopolitan, polyphagous insect pest that causes bronzing to fruit of strawberry (fragaria x ananassa). the main aim of this study was to test whether mass trapping could reduce damage and to predict whether this approach would be economically viable. in semi-protected strawberry crops, mass trapping of f. occidentalis using blue sticky roller traps reduced adult thrips numbers per flower by 61% and f ...201324282554
application of cytochrome oxidase i sequences for phylogenetic analysis and identification of thrips species occurring on vegetable crops.thrips are direct pests as well as vectors of important viruses infecting crop plants. one of the major constraints in studying the relationship between thrips vectors and tospoviruses is the difficulty of identifying the vector species because of high intraspecific variation among thrips populations. molecular approaches have been used to identify species differences. in this study, partial cytochrome oxidase i (coi) sequences were used to understand the phylogenetic relationship among thrips p ...201323448058
efficacy of pesticide mixtures against the western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) under laboratory and greenhouse conditions.western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande is a commonly encountered and economically important insect pest of greenhouses. greenhouse producers typically apply pesticides as mixtures to mitigate western flower thrips populations; however, there is limited information available on the compatibility and efficacy of commonly used pesticide mixtures. this study assessed nine binary and three tertiary pesticide mixtures used in greenhouses which included pesticides containing abamect ...201323448038
development of species-specific primers for agronomical thrips and multiplex assay for quarantine identification of western flower thrips.while morphological identification of thrips species has been difficult because of their minute size and a lack of easily recognizable characteristics, molecular identification based on the development of specific molecular markers can be easily and reliably carried out. among the known molecular markers, the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (its) exhibits distinguishable variations among thrips species. in this study, sequences of its2 region of 10 agriculturally important thrips were establ ...201426309260
the α6 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit of frankliniella occidentalis is not involved in resistance to spinosad.insects evolve resistance which constrains the sustainable use of insecticides. spinosyns, a class of environmentally-friendly macrolide insecticides, is not an exception. the mode of inheritance and the mechanisms of resistance to spinosad (the most common spinosyn insecticide) in frankliniella occidentalis (western flower thrips, wft) were investigated in this study. resistance (170,000-fold) was autosomal and completely recessive. recent studies showed that deletion of the nicotinic acetylcho ...201424861935
effect of new and old pesticides on orius armatus (gross) - an australian predator of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande).orius armatus (gross) is an important predator of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae) in australian glasshouse grown sweet pepper. the failure of o. armatus to establish in some glasshouses has been attributed to the use of newer, more non-selective pesticides, some of which are regarded to be compatible with integrated pest management. the residual toxicity (via direct and indirect contact) of several older and newer chemistry pesticides were e ...201423616278
host plant effects on activities of detoxification enzymes and insecticide tolerance in western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (insecta).the polyphagous western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, is a severe pest of horticultural crops. individuals from a laboratory population adapted to bean plants were transferred to new host plants, sweet pepper and chrysanthemum, to establish two new populations. the thrips appeared to perform poorly on the new host plants, as the total protein content of individual adults was lowered in the new populations. the specific activities of two insect detoxification enzyme systems, esterase ...201425419932
generalist red velvet mite predator (balaustium sp.) performs better on a mixed diet.generalist predators have the potential advantage to control more than one pest and to be more persistent than specialist predators because they can survive on different foods. moreover, their population growth rate may be elevated when offered a mixture of prey species. we studied a generalist predatory mite balaustium sp. that shows promise for biological control of thrips and whiteflies in protected rose cultures in colombia. although starting its life in the soil, this predator makes excursi ...201423990039
combined effects of temperature and avermectins on life history and stress response of the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis.temperature and pesticide are two important factors that affect survival, reproduction and other physiological processes of insects. to determine interactions of elevated temperature and avermectins treatment on the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, newly emerged adults were exposed to combinations of three temperatures (21, 26 and 33 °c) and two avermectins concentrations (0, 45 ppm), and survival rate, reproduction, longevity, antioxidant enzymes activities and heat shock prot ...201424485314
alkaloid metabolism in thrips-papaveraceae interaction: recognition and mutual response.frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), the western flower thrips (wft), is a polyphagous and highly adaptable insect of the order thysanoptera. it has a broad host range but is rarely found on papaveraceae, which might be due to deterrent effects of alkaloids present in most species of this family. in order to test the adaptive potential of wft, we investigated its interaction with two papaveraceae offered as sole feeding source. we found that wft are able to live and feed on leaves of eschschol ...201424331426
habituation in frankliniella occidentalis to deterrent plant compounds and their blends.feeding and oviposition deterrence of three secondary plant compounds and their 1:1 blends to adult female frankliniella occidentalis pergande (thysanoptera: thripidae) and the potential for habituation of the thrips to the pure compounds and the 1:1 blends at various concentrations were investigated. in choice assays, we tested dose-dependent feeding and oviposition deterrence of the two fatty acid derivatives methyl jasmonate and cis-jasmone, the phenylpropanoid allylanisole, and their blends ...201425253898
effects of heat stress on survival of frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae) and thrips tabaci (thysanoptera: thripidae).temperature is known to play a crucial role in the population dynamics of insects. insects have evolved different mechanisms to resist unfavorable extreme temperatures. in recent years, western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), and onion thrips, thrips tabaci (lindeman) (thysanoptera: thripidae), have caused significant damage to vegetable crops. because of global warming and expanding areas of vegetable cultivation, a study of the effects of heat st ...201425195431
thiamethoxam resistance selected in the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae): cross-resistance patterns, possible biochemical mechanisms and fitness costs analysis.the western flower thrips (wft) frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), an important pest of various crops in the world, has invaded china since 2003. to understand the risks and to determine possible mechanisms of resistance to thiamethoxam in wft, a resistant strain was selected under the laboratory conditions. cross-resistance and the possible biochemical resistance mechanisms were investigated in this study. a 15.1-fold thiamethoxam-resistant wft strain (th-r) was es ...201425175655
spinosad resistance, esterase isoenzymes and temporal synergism in frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) in australia.spinosad has been widely used in australia to control western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) but spinosad usefulness is now compromised by resistance. here we studied a highly spinosad resistant strain of f. occidentalis to explore if esterases had a role in spinosad resistance. enhanced esterase activity in pressured spinosad-resistant f. occidentalis was confirmed via page electrophoresis and estimated to be approximately three times higher than that in a susceptible strai ...201425175647
identification of the aggregation pheromone of the melon thrips, thrips palmi.the objective of this study was to identify the aggregation pheromone of the melon thrips thrips palmi, a major pest of vegetable and ornamental plants around the world. the species causes damage both through feeding activities and as a vector of tospoviruses, and is a threat to world trade and european horticulture. improved methods of detecting and controlling this species are needed and the identification of an aggregation pheromone will contribute to this requirement. bioassays with a y-tube ...201425101871
cross-resistance and baseline susceptibility of spirotetramat in frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae).western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), is an economically important pest all over the world. new products against thrips are necessary, as there are few effective compounds exhibiting cross-resistance among them. lethal effects, cross-resistance, and baseline susceptibility to spirotetramat were evaluated in this study. a new bioassay method for testing thrips against spirotetramat was developed. spirotetramat showed a significant mortality effect on larvae after 7 d of ex ...201425026688
spinosad resistance of melon thrips, thrips palmi, is conferred by g275e mutation in α6 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and cytochrome p450 detoxification.to examine the resistance mechanisms of thrips palmi against spinosad, we cloned partial nucleotide sequences of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α6 subunit (tpα6) gene from susceptible (ok) and resistant (ts1 and ts5) strains and compared the deduced amino acid sequences among the three strains. the ok, ts1, and ts5 strains respectively showed lc50 values of 3.4mg/l, 2838.5mg/l, and 6655.5mg/l. the deduced amino acid sequence of tpα6 gene showed 96% identity with that of frankliniella occid ...201424974117
innate responses to putative ancestral hosts: is the attraction of western flower thrips to pine pollen a result of relict olfactory receptors?pollinophagy is widely documented in the order thysanoptera, with representative individuals from six of the nine divergent families known to feed on pollen. various pollens of the genus pinus increase the development time, fecundity, longevity, and settling preference of western flower thrips (wft), frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae). certain species of flower thrips discriminate among pollen types, but no studies have elucidated the olfactory cues that play a role ...201424879603
effects of kinship or familiarity? small thrips larvae experience lower predation risk only in groups of mixed-size siblings.in many species of insects, larvae are distributed in an aggregated fashion. as they may differ in size and size matters to predation risk, small larvae may be less likely to fall prey to predators when near large and therefore better-defended larvae. we hypothesize that the small larvae may profit even more when these large larvae are siblings. we tested this hypothesis on kinship-dependent survival in groups of larvae of the western flower thrips (frankliniella occidentalis) exposed to a preda ...201424833813
an alternative suite of universal primers for genotyping in multiplex pcr.the universal primer three-primer approach can dramatically reduce the cost when genotyping the microsatellites. one former research reported four universal primers that can be used in singleplex and multiplex genotyping. in this study, we proposed an alternative suite of universal primers with four dyes for genotyping 8-12 loci in one single run. this multiplex method was tested on tetranychus truncatus. published microsatellite loci of t. kanzawai, frankliniella occidentalis and nilaparvata lu ...201424658225
behavioural responses of frankliniella occidentalis pergande larvae to methyl jasmonate and cis-jasmone.the larval stages of frankliniella occidentalis pergande (thysanoptera: thripidae) cause more direct feeding damage to plants than the adults. we, therefore, investigated the behaviour-modifying effects on second instar larvae of two jasmonic acid derivatives. the artificial application of methyl jasmonate and cis-jasmone, both at 1 % concentration, deterred the larvae from settling in a dual choice bean leaf disc assay. we observed a dose-dependent feeding deterrence of both jasmonates and calc ...201424563647
evaluation and validation of reference genes for qrt-pcr normalization in frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae).quantitative real time pcr (qrt-pcr) has emerged as a reliable and reproducible technique for studying gene expression analysis. for accurate results, the normalization of data with reference genes is particularly essential. once the transcriptome sequencing of frankliniella occidentalis was completed, numerous unigenes were identified and annotated. unfortunately, there are no studies on the stability of reference genes used in f. occidentalis. in this work, seven candidate reference genes, inc ...201425356721
host plant effects on the behaviour and performance of amblyseius swirskii (acari: phytoseiidae).biological control in ornamental crops is challenging due to the wide diversity of crops and cultivars. in this study, we tested the hypothesis that trichome density on different host plants influences the behavior and performance of the predatory mite amblyseius swirskii athias-henriot (acari: phytoseiidae). behavioural observations of this predator in the presence or absence of prey (western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae) were done on leaf squares ...201424037505
intra- and interspecific competition between western flower thrips and sweetpotato whitefly.the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), and the sweetpotato whitefly, bemisia tabaci (gennadius), are both invasive insect pests and are present in most of the same agricultural crops without a clear dominance of either species. here, intra- and interspecific competition in b. tabaci and f. occidentalis was determined under controlled experiments. the results showed that intraspecific competition was distinct in f. occidentalis and that the co-occurrence of b. tabaci ha ...201425480973
effect of watermelon silver mottle virus on the life history and feeding preference of thrips palmi.thrips-borne tospoviruses cause numerous plant diseases that produce severe economic losses worldwide. in the disease system, thrips not only damage plants through feeding but also transmit causative agents of epidemics. in addition, thrips are infected with tospoviruses in the course of virus transmission. most studies on the effect of tospoviruses on vector thrips have focused on the tomato spotted wilt virus-frankliniella occidentalis system. thus, we focused on another thrips-borne tospoviru ...201425010157
winter weeds as inoculum sources of tomato spotted wilt virus and as reservoirs for its vector, frankliniella fusca (thysanoptera: thripidae) in farmscapes of georgia.thrips-transmitted tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) has a broad host range including crops and weeds. in georgia, tswv is known to consistently affect peanut, tomato, pepper, and tobacco production. these crops are grown from march through november. in the crop-free period, weeds are presumed to serve as a green bridge for thrips and tswv. previous studies have identified several winter weeds as tswv and thrips hosts. however, their ability to influence tswv transmission in crops is still not co ...201424612539
disruption of vector transmission by a plant-expressed viral glycoprotein.vector-borne viruses are a threat to human, animal, and plant health worldwide, requiring the development of novel strategies for their control. tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is one of the 10 most economically significant plant viruses and, together with other tospoviruses, is a threat to global food security. tswv is transmitted by thrips, including the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis. previously, we demonstrated that the tswv glycoprotein gn binds to thrips vector midguts. ...201424405031
an entomopathogenic strain of beauveria bassiana against frankliniella occidentalis with no detrimental effect on the predatory mite neoseiulus barkeri: evidence from laboratory bioassay and scanning electron microscopic observation.among 28 isolates of beauveria bassiana tested for virulence against f. occidentalis in laboratory bioassays, we found strain sz-26 as the most potent, causing 96% mortality in adults at 1×10(7) ml(-1)conidia after 4 days. the effect of the strain sz-26 on survival, longevity and fecundity of the predatory mite neoseiulus (amblyseius) barkeri hughes were studied under laboratory conditions. the bioassay results showed that the corrected mortalities were less than 4 and 8% at 10 days following in ...201424454744
artificial and factitious foods support the development and reproduction of the predatory mite amblyseius swirskii.the generalist predatory mite amblyseius swirskii athias-henriot (acari: phytoseiidae) was reared on ephestia kuehniella zeller eggs (lepidoptera: pyralidae), decapsulated dry cysts of the brine shrimp artemia franciscana kellogg (anostraca: artemiidae), and on meridic artificial diets (composed of honey, sucrose, tryptone, yeast extract, and egg yolk) supplemented with pupal hemolymph of the chinese oak silkworm antheraea pernyi (guérin-méneville) (lepidoptera: saturniidae) (ad1), with e. kuehn ...201424154947
analysis of the salivary gland transcriptome of frankliniella occidentalis.saliva is known to play a crucial role in insect feeding behavior and virus transmission. currently, little is known about the salivary glands and saliva of thrips, despite the fact that frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (the western flower thrips) is a serious pest due to its destructive feeding, wide host range, and transmission of tospoviruses. as a first step towards characterizing thrips salivary gland functions, we sequenced the transcriptome of the primary salivary glands of f. occide ...201424736614
the nss protein of tomato spotted wilt virus is required for persistent infection and transmission by frankliniella occidentalis.tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is the type member of tospoviruses (genus tospovirus), plant-infecting viruses that cause severe damage to ornamental and vegetable crops. tospoviruses are transmitted by thrips in the circulative propagative mode. we generated a collection of nss-defective tswv isolates and showed that tswv coding for truncated nss protein could not be transmitted by frankliniella occidentalis. quantitative reverse transcription (rt)-pcr and immunostaining of individual insects ...201424623427
a new attractant for monitoring western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis in protected crops.monitoring of pest populations is an essential component of integrated pest management. an early warning system helps growers decide when best to take control measures, or when to alter them, should a control method prove inadequate. studies have shown that adding chemical attractants to sticky cards can increase trap catch of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, a global pest of agriculture and horticulture, giving more accurate accounts of population size and dynamics, thus leadi ...201525763301
identification, expression profiling and fluorescence-based binding assays of a chemosensory protein gene from the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis.using rt-pcr and race-pcr strategies, we cloned and identified a new chemosensory protein (focccsp) from the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, a species for which no chemosensory protein (csp) has yet been identified. the focccsp gene contains a 387 bp open-reading frame encoding a putative protein of 128 amino acids with a molecular weight of 14.51 kda and an isoelectric point of 5.41. the deduced amino acid sequence contains a putative signal peptide of 19 amino acid residues ...201525635391
systemic above- and belowground cross talk: hormone-based responses triggered by heterodera schachtii and shoot herbivores in arabidopsis thaliana.above- and belowground plant parts are simultaneously attacked by different pests and pathogens. the host mediates these interactions and physiologically reacts, e.g. with local and systemic alterations of endogenous hormone levels coupled with coordinated transcriptional changes. this in turn affects attractiveness and susceptibility of the plant to subsequent attackers. here, the model plant arabidopsis thaliana is used to study stress hormone-based systemic responses triggered by simultaneous ...201526324462
temporal genetic dynamics of an invasive species, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), in an early phase of establishment.many species can successfully colonize new areas despite their propagules having low genetic variation. we assessed whether the decreased genetic diversity could result in temporal fluctuations of genetic parameters of the new populations of an invasive species, western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, using mitochondrial and microsatellite markers. this study was conducted in eight localities from four climate regions in china, where f. occidentalis was introduced in the year 2000 and ...201526138760
risk assessment of genetically engineered maize resistant to diabrotica spp.: influence on above-ground arthropods in the czech republic.transgenic maize mon88017, expressing the cry3bb1 toxin from bacillus thuringiensis (bt maize), confers resistance to corn rootworms (diabrotica spp.) and provides tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate. however, prior to commercialization, substantial assessment of potential effects on non-target organisms within agroecosystems is required. the mon88017 event was therefore evaluated under field conditions in southern bohemia in 2009-2011, to detect possible impacts on the above-ground arthropod ...201526083254
insecticide rotation programs with entomopathogenic organisms for suppression of western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) adult populations under greenhouse conditions.western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), is one of the most destructive insect pests of greenhouse production systems with the ability to develop resistance to a wide variety of insecticides. a common resistance management strategy is rotating insecticides with different modes of action. by incorporating entomopathogenic organisms (fungi and bacteria), which have discrete modes of action compared to standard insecticides, greenhouse producers may preserve the effectiveness o ...201526470338
sublethal effects of beauveria bassiana (ascomycota: hypocreales) on life table parameters of frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae).we assessed effects of parental exposure to beauveria bassiana on life history traits of subsequent generations of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae). progeny from individuals that survived fungal exposure as second instars had significantly shorter egg stages, but longer prepupal development times than corresponding untreated controls. however, survivorship to adulthood of these progeny groups did not differ. although fecundities of the parent ...201526470219
feeding on beauveria bassiana-treated frankliniella occidentalis causes negative effects on the predatory mite neoseiulus barkeri.the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana and the predatory mite neoseiulus barkeri are both potential biocontrol agents for their shared host/prey frankliniella occidentalis. the combination of the two agents may enhance biological control of f. occidentalis if the fungus does not negatively affect n. barkeri. this study evaluated the indirect effects of b. bassiana strain sz-26 on n. barkeri mediated by f. occidentalis using the age-stage, two-sex life table. when fed on the first instar ...201526153532
susceptibility of dalotia coriaria (kraatz) (coleoptera: staphylinidae) to entomopathogenic nematodes (rhabditida: heterorhabditidae and steinernematidae).dalotia coriaria (kraatz) (coleoptera: staphylinidae) and entomopathogenic nematodes (rhabditida: heterorhabditidae and steinernematidae) are two soil-dwelling biological control agents used to manage western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae) and fungus gnats bradysis spp. (diptera: sciaridae) in glasshouses. growers often use multiple natural enemies to achieve economic control, but knowledge of interactions among natural enemies is lacking. we condu ...201526463077
optimizing western flower thrips management on french beans by combined use of beneficials and imidacloprid.western flower thrips (wft), frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), is an important pest of vegetable crops worldwide and has developed resistance to many insecticides. the predatory mites neoseiulus (=amblyseius) cucumeris (oudemans), the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae (metsch.), and an insecticide (imidacloprid) were tested for their efficacy to reduce wft population density and damage to french bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) pods under field conditions in two planting periods. m ...201526463079
thrips transmission of tospoviruses.one hundred years ago, the disease tomato spotted wilt was first described in australia. since that time, knowledge of this disease caused by tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) and transmitted by thrips (insects in the order thysanoptera) has revealed a complex relationship between the virus, vector, plant host, and environment. numerous tospoviruses and thrips vectors have been described, revealing diversity in plant host range and geographical distributions. advances in characterization of the t ...201526340723
stable reference gene selection for rt-qpcr analysis in nonviruliferous and viruliferous frankliniella occidentalis.reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) is a reliable technique for measuring and evaluating gene expression during variable biological processes. to facilitate gene expression studies, normalization of genes of interest relative to stable reference genes is crucial. the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), the main vector of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), is a destructive invasive species. in this study, the exp ...201526244556
diversity of thrips species and vectors of tomato spotted wilt virus in tomato production systems in kenya.thrips have been recognized as primary vectors of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) with frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) reported as the most important and efficient vector, while other species such as thrips tabaci lindeman also include populations that can vector the virus. a study was undertaken to establish the diversity of thrips and presence of vectors for tswv in four major tomato production areas in kenya. the cytochrome oxidase 1 (co1) gene was used to generate sequences from thrip ...201526470099
role of the insect supervectors bemisia tabaci and frankliniella occidentalis in the emergence and global spread of plant viruses.emergence of insect-transmitted plant viruses over the past 10-20 years has been disproportionately driven by two so-called supervectors: the whitefly, bemisia tabaci, and the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis. high rates of reproduction and dispersal, extreme polyphagy, and development of insecticide resistance, together with human activities, have made these insects global pests. these supervectors transmit a diversity of plant viruses by different mechanisms and mediate virus ...201526958907
amblyseius swirskii: what made this predatory mite such a successful biocontrol agent?the predatory mite amblyseius swirskii quickly became one of the most successful biocontrol agents in protected cultivation after its introduction into the market in 2005 and is now released in more than 50 countries. there are several key factors contributing to this success: (1) it can control several major pests including the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, the whiteflies bemisia tabaci and trialeurodes vaporariorum and the broad mite, polyphagotarsonemus latus, simultaneou ...201525524511
draft genomes, phylogenetic reconstruction, and comparative genomics of two novel cohabiting bacterial symbionts isolated from frankliniella occidentalis.obligate bacterial symbionts are widespread in many invertebrates, where they are often confined to specialized host cells and are transmitted directly from mother to progeny. increasing numbers of these bacteria are being characterized but questions remain about their population structure and evolution. here we take a comparative genomics approach to investigate two prominent bacterial symbionts (bfo1 and bfo2) isolated from geographically separated populations of western flower thrips, frankli ...201526185096
compatibility of reduced-risk insecticides with the non-target predatory mite iphiseius degenerans (acari: phytoseiidae).iphiseius degenerans (berlese) (acari: phytoseiidae) is a common predatory mite in citrus orchards in some areas of the mediterranean basin and an important biological control agent of the thrips frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) in integrated pest management (ipm) programmes in greenhouse crops. in this study, we evaluated the effects of the 'reduced-risk' insecticides acetamiprid, chlorantraniliprole, flubendiamide, metaflumizone, methoxyfenozide, spinetoram and thiamethoxam on i. degenera ...201525298132
apple pollen as a supplemental food source for the control of western flower thrips by two predatory mites, amblyseius swirskii and neoseiulus cucumeris (acari: phytoseiidae), on potted chrysanthemum.it has been shown that pollen as a dietary supplement may increase the establishment (development and reproduction) and survival of phytoseiid predatory mites, and therefore the pest control these mites can provide. in this study, the role of apple pollen as a supplemental food source was assessed as a means to increase the efficiency of two predatory mite species, neoseiulus cucumeris and amblyseius swirskii, for control of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, under greenhouse con ...201525420686
seasonal climatic variations influence the efficacy of predatory mites used for control of western flower thrips in greenhouse ornamental crops.the influence of seasonal greenhouse climate on the efficacy of predatory mites for thrips control was determined for potted chrysanthemum. trials in controlled environment chambers, small-scale greenhouses and commercial greenhouses were conducted to determine which biological control agent-that is, amblyseius swirskii athias-henriot or neoseiulus cucumeris (oudemans)-is more efficacious for control of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), in different seasons. under sim ...201525408478
within-crop air temperature and humidity outcomes on spatio-temporal distribution of the key rose pest frankliniella occidentalis.frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) is a key pest of various crops worldwide. in this study, we analyse the dependence of the infestation of this pest on spatially distributed micro climatic factors in a rose greenhouse. despite the importance of this subject, the few existing studies have been realized in laboratory rather than in greenhouse conditions. however, recent progress on greenhouse microclimate characterisation has highlighted the strong indoor climate heterogeneity that may influen ...201526011275
demonstration of an adaptive response to preconditioning frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) to sublethal doses of spinosad: a hormetic-dose response.sublethal doses of some insecticides have been reported to either stimulate or reduce the survival and fecundity of insects. many sublethal-effect studies have been conducted after exposure of only one generation to sublethal insecticides, and there is little information about the sublethal effects on insects after long-term exposure to sublethal insecticides. in this study, changes in biological characteristics were investigated in spinosad-susceptible (spin-s) and sublethal-spinosad-treated (s ...201525910608
rna interference tools for the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis.the insect order thysanoptera is exclusively comprised of small insects commonly known as thrips. the western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, is an economically important pest amongst thysanopterans due to extensive feeding damage and tospovirus transmission to hundreds of plant species worldwide. geographically-distinct populations of f. occidentalis have developed resistance against many types of traditional chemical insecticides, and as such, management of thrips and tospoviruses a ...201525796097
detection of the quarantine species thrips palmi by loop-mediated isothermal amplification.thrips palmi (from the order thysanoptera) is a serious insect pest of various crops, including vegetables, fruits and ornamental plants, causing significant economic losses. its presence constitutes a double threat; not only does t. palmi feed on the plants, it is also a vector for several plant viruses. t. palmi originated in asia, but has spread to north and central america, africa, oceania and the caribbean in recent decades. this species has been sporadically noted in europe and is under qu ...201525793743
sternal gland structures in males of bean flower thrips, megalurothrips sjostedti, and poinsettia thrips, echinothrips americanus, in comparison with those of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae).sternal pores are important features for identification of male thrips, especially within the subfamily thripinae. they vary in shape, size and distribution even between species of one genus. their functional role is speculated to be that of sex- and/or aggregation pheromone production. yet, sexual aggregations are not reported in echinothrips americanus, known to have sternal pores, while we observed aggregations in megalurothrips sjostedti, previously reported to lack them. we examined the ste ...201526215363
proteomic analysis reveals resistance mechanism against chlorpyrifos in frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae).the western flower thrips is an economically important worldwide pest of many crops, and chlorpyrifos has been used to control western flower thrips for many years. to develop a better resistance-management strategy, a chlorpyrifos-resistant strain of western flower thrips (wft-chl) was selected in the laboratory. more than 39-fold resistance was achieved after selected by chlorpyrifos for 19 generations in comparison with the susceptible strain (wft-s). proteome of western flower thrips (wft-s ...201526470346
cyantraniliprole: a valuable tool for frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) management.frankliniella occidentalis is a worldwide economically important pest. scarcity of effective products and cross-resistance issues make resistance to existing insecticides a recurring problem that requires the development of new control tools, such as incorporating novel compounds. lethal effects of cyantraniliprole on adults and larvae from field and insecticide-resistant populations were evaluated. in addition, the sublethal effects on biological features such as fecundity, fertility, feeding, ...201525138907
molecular assessment of predation by hoverflies (diptera: syrphidae) in mediterranean lettuce crops.hoverflies (diptera: syrphidae) are generalist predators of a great variety of pests. nasonovia ribisnigri (hemiptera: aphididae) and frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae) are two common pests in mediterranean lettuce crops, where they occur alongside alternative prey (e.g., collembola). a semi-field experiment was conducted in an experimental lettuce plot where hoverfly predation on n. ribisnigri, f. occidentalis and collembola was studied by conventional pcr and qpcr using speci ...201525236922
life cycle of cosmolaelaps jaboticabalensis (acari: mesostigmata: laelapidae) on frankliniella occidentalis (thysanoptera: thripidae) and two factitious food sources.the aim of this work was to study the life cycle of cosmolaelaps jaboticabalensis moreira, klompen and moraes preying on frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae), a serious cosmopolitan pest of different crops, as well as on protorhabditis sp. (nematoda: rhabditidae) and tyrophagus putrescentiae (astigmatina: acaridae), prospective factitious foods for the mass rearing of the predator. experiments were conducted in a chamber at 25 ± 1 °c, 70 ± 10 % rh and in the dark. tota ...201525491292
evaluation of various types of supplemental food for two species of predatory mites, amblyseius swirskii and neoseiulus cucumeris (acari: phytoseiidae).although phytoseiids are best known as predators of phytophagous mites and other small arthropods, several species can also feed and reproduce on pollen. in laboratory assays, we assessed the profitability of two types of dietary supplements (three pollen species-cattail, maize and apple-and eggs of the mediterranean flour moth, ephestia kuehniella) for the two species of predatory mites most commonly used as biocontrol agents in horticulture in canada, neoseiulus cucumeris and amblyseius swirsk ...201525430552
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