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comparing the cytotoxic potential of withania somnifera water and methanol extracts.the plant withania somnifera (linn.) (solanacea) is a well-known herbal medicine used in many parts of the world. it has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor as well as neural protective properties. it seems as if the two most active withanolide components, namely withaferin a and withanolide d, found in methanol (meoh) extracts, are responsible for the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of the plant. the current research evaluated and compared the cytotoxic potential of water ...200920448853
dietary medicinal plant extracts improve growth, immune activity and survival of tilapia oreochromis mossambicus.the effects of supplementing diets with acetone extract (1% w/w) from four medicinal plants (bermuda grass cynodon dactylon, h(1), beal aegle marmelos, h(2), winter cherry withania somnifera, h(3) and ginger zingiber officinale, h(4)) on growth, the non-specific immune response and ability to resist pathogen infection in tilapia oreochromis mossambicus were assessed. in addition, the antimicrobial properties of the extract were assessed against vibrio alginolyticus, vibrioparahaemolyticus, vibri ...200920735646
withanolide d induces apoptosis in leukemia by targeting the activation of neutral sphingomyelinase-ceramide cascade mediated by synergistic activation of c-jun n-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.abstract:201020836852
immunomodulatory effects of withania somnifera on azoxymethane induced experimental colon cancer in mice.the efficacy of withania somnifera on immunomodulation was tested in experimental azoxymethane induced colon cancer in mice. azoxymethane is a potential carcinogen to induce the colon cancer in swiss albino mice. azoxymethane 15 mg/kg body weight was injected intraperitoneally once a week for 28 days. the colon cancer was confirmed by the appearance of aberrant crypt foci (acf) in the colons of the experimental mice. the progression in colon tumor development was correlated with the appearance o ...201020840055
evaluation of the anxiolytic activity of nr-anx-c (a polyherbal formulation) in ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety behavior in rats.the present study investigates the anxiolytic activity of nr-anx-c, a standardized polyherbal formulation containing the extracts of withania somnifera, ocimum sanctum, camellia sinensis, triphala, and shilajit in ethanol withdrawal- (ew-) induced anxiety behavior in rats. ethanol dependence in rats was produced by substitution of drinking water with 7.5% v/v alcohol for 10 days. then, ethanol withdrawal was induced by replacing alcohol with drinking water, 12 hours prior to experimentation. aft ...201020953426
chlorinated and diepoxy withanolides from withania somnifera and their cytotoxic effects against human lung cancer cell line.phytochemical studies on the aerial parts of withania somnifera l. dunal. (solanaceae) led to the isolation of a chlorinated steroidal lactone (27-acetoxy-4β,6α-dihydroxy-5β-chloro-1-oxowitha-2,24-dienolide), a diepoxy withanolide (5β,6β,14α,15α-diepoxy-4β,27-dihydroxy-1-oxowitha-2,24-dienolide), and withaferin a. their structures were elucidated by using spectroscopic techniques. all three compounds exhibited a growth inhibition and cytotoxic activity against human lung cancer cell line (nci-h4 ...201021044792
alzheimer's disease: the pros and cons of pharmaceutical, nutritional, botanical, and stimulatory therapies, with a discussion of treatment strategies from the perspective of patients and practitioners.alzheimer's disease (ad) is characterized by dysfunctional intracellular and extracellular biochemical processes that result in neuron death. this article summarizes hypotheses regarding cell dysfunction in ad and discusses the effectiveness of, and problems with, different therapies. pharmaceutical therapies discussed include cholinesterase inhibitors, memantine, antihypertensive drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, secretase inhibitors, insulin resistance drugs, etanercept, brain-derived neurotroph ...201021155625
reversal of cadmium-induced oxidative stress in chicken by herbal adaptogens withania somnifera and ocimum sanctum.the present study was carried out to evaluate the herbal adaptogens withania somnifera and ocimum sanctum on cadmium-induced oxidative toxicity in broiler chicken. cadmium administration at the rate of 100 ppm orally along with feed up to 28 days produced peroxidative damage, as indicated by increase in tbars, reduction in glutathione (gsh) concentration in liver and kidney, and increase in catalase (cat) and superoxide dismutase (sod) of erythrocytes. herbal adaptogens withania somnifera roots ...201021170246
in vivo anti-tussive activity and structural features of a polysaccharide fraction from water extracted withania somnifera.anti-tussive drugs are amongst the most widely used medications worldwide; however no new class of drugs has been introduced into the market for many years. the present study aims at evaluating the structural features and in vivo anti-tussive activity of a polysaccharide fraction from water extracted withania somnifera.201021182915
protective effect of withania somnifera root powder on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxic rats.we investigated the protective effect of withania somnifera root powder (used in ayurvedic medicine in india) on gentamicin (gen) induced nephrotoxicity in male wistar rats. the root powder was administered orally to rats for 14 days before gen treatment and thereafter with gen for 8 days. nephrotoxicity was manifested in gen-treated rats as significant increases in urea, creatinine, uric acid, non protein nitrogen, urinary protein, n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase, thiobarbituric acid reactive s ...201020506689
propoxur-induced acetylcholine esterase inhibition and impairment of cognitive function: attenuation by withania somnifera.propoxur (2-isopropoxyphenyl n-methylcarbamate) is widely used as an acaricide in agriculture and public health programs. studies have shown that sub-chronic exposure to propoxur can cause oxidative stress and immuno-suppression in rats. carbamates are also known to exhibit inhibitory effect on cholinesterase activity, which is directly related to their cholinergic effects. in the present study, the effect of withania somnifera (ashwagandha), a widely used herbal drug possessing anti-stress and ...201020521626
scientific basis for the use of indian ayurvedic medicinal plants in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders: ashwagandha.ayurveda is a sanskrit word, which means "the scripture for longevity". it represents an ancient system of traditional medicine prevalent in india and in several other south asian countries. it is based on a holistic view of treatment which is believed to cure human diseases through establishment of equilibrium in the different elements of human life, the body, the mind, the intellect and the soul [1]. ayurveda dates back to the period of the indus valley civilization (about 3000 b.c) and has be ...201020528765
effect of withania somnifera (l. dunal) root as a feed additive on immunological parameters and disease resistance to aeromonas hydrophila in labeo rohita (hamilton) fingerlings.the present study evaluated the efficacy of dietary doses of withania somnifera (ashwagandha) root powder on immunological parameters and disease resistance against the bacterial pathogen aeromonas hydrophila infections in indian major carp, labeo rohita fingerlings. fishes were fed with dry diet containing 0 gkg(-1) (control), 1 gkg(-1) (t(1)), 2 gkg(-1) (t(2)) and 3 gkg(-1) (t(3)) w. somnifera root powder for 42 days. immunological (nbt level, phagocytic activity, total immunoglobulin and lyso ...201020580830
the methanolic extract of withania somnifera acts on gabaa receptors in gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) neurons in mice.the effect of the methanol extract of withania somnifera (mws) on the gonadotropin releasing hormone (gnrh) neuron was examined in juvenile mice using the whole cell patch clamp technique. gnrh neurons are the fundamental regulators of the pulsatile release of gnrh needed for puberty and fertility. gnrh neurons were depolarized by bath application of the mws (400 ng/microl) under the condition of a high cl(-) pipette solution in current clamp mode. in voltage clamp mode, mws induced reproducible ...201020044800
notch-1 inhibition by withaferin-a: a therapeutic target against colon carcinogenesis.notch signaling plays a crucial role in the development of colon cancer; targeting the notch pathway may sensitize colon cancers to various adjuvant agents. the focus of our current study is to identify natural compounds that target notch signaling and that might be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of colon cancer. withaferin-a (wa) is a bioactive compound derived from withania somnifera, which inhibits notch-1 signaling and downregulates prosurvival pathways, such as akt/nf-kappab/bc ...201020053782
effect of extract of withania somnifera on dehydration-induced oxidative stress-related uremia in male rats.dehydration or water deprivation in the body decreases urinary excretion and allows urea and other protein waste products to accumulate in the blood. the aim of the present study is to evaluate the association of uremia and oxidative stress by applying the herbal plant withania somnifera (w. somnifera) (aswagandha). the study was performed on male wister strain rats in which, dehydration was achieved by water withdrawal. a total of 18 rats were studied and were randomly divided into three groups ...201020061697
modulating effect of withania somnifera on tca cycle enzymes and electron transport chain in azoxymethane-induced colon cancer in mice.the aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of withania somnifera on tricarboxylic acid (tca) cycle enzymes and electron transport chain in azoxymethane-induced experimental colon cancer in mice. azoxymethane at the dose of 15 mg/kg body weight was induced intraperitoneally once in a week for 28 days. the progression in colon tumor development was correlated with the appearance of the histological biomarker and aberrant crypt foci (acf). azoxymethane-induced colon cancer an ...201020136350
antioxidant effect of dietary supplement withania somnifera l. reduce blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.the phenolic compounds and flavonoids were determined from the extracts of withania somnifera root (wsret) and leaf (wslet). the wsret has 28.26 mg/g total phenolic compounds and 17.32 mg/g flavonoids, whereas wslet has 5.4 mg/g total phenolic compounds and 5.1 mg/g flavonoids. the wsret, wslet and glibenclamide were orally administered daily to diabetic rats for 8 weeks. after the treatment, the levels of urine sugar, blood glucose, liver glycogen, and antioxidants like vitamin c and e in plasm ...201020186490
heavy metal bioaccumulation in selected medicinal plants collected from khetri copper mines and comparison with those collected from fertile soil in haridwar, india.heavy metal distribution in medicinal plants is gaining importance not only as an alternative medicine, but also for possible concern due to effects of metal toxicity. the present study has been focused on emphasizing the heavy metal status and bioaccumulation factors of v, mn, fe, co, cu, zn, se (essential metals) and cr, ni, cd, as and pb (potentially toxic metals) in medicinal plants grown under two different environmental conditions e.g., near to khetri copper mine and those in fertile soils ...201020390948
withaferin a targets heat shock protein 90 in pancreatic cancer cells.the purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and the mechanism of hsp90 inhibition of withaferin a (wa), a steroidal lactone occurring in withania somnifera, in pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. withaferin a exhibited potent antiproliferative activity against pancreatic cancer cells in vitro (with ic(50)s of 1.24, 2.93 and 2.78 microm) in pancreatic cancer cell lines panc-1, miapaca2 and bxpc3, respectively. annexin v staining showed that wa induced significant apoptosis in pan ...201019769945
withanamides in withania somnifera fruit protect pc-12 cells from beta-amyloid responsible for alzheimer's disease.alzheimer's disease (ad) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder with symptoms of confusion, memory loss, and mood swings. the beta-amyloid peptide, with 39-42 amino acid residues (bap), plays a significant role in the development of ad. although there is no cure for ad, it can be managed with available drugs to some degree. several studies have revealed that natural antioxidants, such as vitamin e, vitamin c and beta-carotene, may help in scavenging free radicals generated during the init ...201019957250
agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of withania somnifera (l.) dunal: an important medicinal plant.this report describes agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of withania somnifera--an important indian medicinal plant. a. tumefaciens strain lba4404, containing the binary vector pig121hm was used for transformation, along with the gusa reporter gene with intron under the transcriptional control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. the leaf segments from two-and-a-half-month-old green house-grown seedlings were more efficient in transformation, as compared to those f ...201020012541
in vitro protective effects of withania somnifera (l.) dunal root extract against hydrogen peroxide and β-amyloid(1-42)-induced cytotoxicity in differentiated pc12 cells.withania somnifera l. dunal (solanaceae), also known as 'ashwagandha' in sanskrit and as 'indian ginseng', is used widely in ayurvedic medicine as a nerve tonic and memory enhancer, with antiaging, antistress, immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties. there is a paucity of data on the potential neuroprotective effects of w. somnifera root, as traditionally used, against h(2)o(2)- and aβ((1-42))-induced cytotoxicity which are current targets for novel approaches to treat dementia, especially d ...201020680931
enhancement of the response of b16f1 melanoma to fractionated radiotherapy and prolongation of survival by withaferin a and/or hyperthermia.withaferin a (wa), isolated from indian medicinal plant withania somnifera has weak antitumor and radiosensitizing property. the present investigation was planned to evaluate the tumor sensitizing effect of wa with or without local hyperthermia on the response of b16f1 melanoma to fractionated and acute radiotherapy. c57bl mice bearing tumors of 100 ± 10 mm³ were treated with fractionated radiotherapy (rt, 2 gy x 5 days/week, 4 weeks), withaferin a (15 mg/kg, i.p., 5 days/ week, 3 weeks), local ...201020713375
evaluation of the anti-ulcer activity of nr-anx-c (a polyherbal formulation) in aspirin & pyloric ligature induced gastric ulcers in albino rats.the aetiology of gastric ulcers is not completely understood and continuous use of anti-ulcer agents leads to many side effects. in this study we evaluated the anti-ulcer efficacy of a polyherbal formulation with potent antioxidant activity in aspirin and pyloric ligature induced gastric ulcers in rats.201020716823
withaferin a inhibits activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 in human breast cancer cells.we have shown previously that withaferin a (wa), a promising anticancer constituent of ayurvedic medicine plant withania somnifera, inhibits growth of human breast cancer cells in culture and in vivo in association with apoptosis induction. the present study builds on these observations and demonstrates that wa inhibits constitutive as well as interleukin-6 (il-6)-inducible activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (stat3), which is an oncogenic transcription factor activa ...201020724373
effect of pueraria tuberosa tuber extract on chronic foot shock stress in wistar rats.the present study was undertaken to explore the protective effects of tuberous root extract of pueraria tuberosa on chronic foot shock stress (cs) induced physiological, neurobehavioral and neuropathological alterations. male wistar rats (120-150 g) were divided into seven groups, consisting of ten animals in each. group i served as normal, group ii as positive control, while group iii-vii as test drug treated. p tuberosa tuber extract (pte) was given to rats of groups iii-vi at the doses of 50, ...201021744765
in vitro anticancer activity of the root, stem and leaves of withania somnifera against various human cancer cell lines.withania somnifera dunal know as ashwagandha belong solanaceae family. it is extensively used in most of the indian herbal pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. the current study, evaluate in vitro cytotoxicity in 50% ethanol extract of root, stem and leaves of withania somnifera against five human cancer cell lines of four different tissues i.e. pc-3, du-145 (prostrate), hct-15 (colon), a-549 (lung) and imr-32 (neuroblastoma). root, stem and leaves extracts showed cytotoxicity activity ranging 0- ...201021695006
in vivo enhancement of natural killer cell activity through tea fortified with ayurvedic herbs.the effect of a tea fortified with five herbs selected from indian traditional medicine (ayurveda) for their putative immunoenhancing effect (withania somnifera, glycyrrhzia glabra, zingiber officinale, ocimum sanctum and elettaria cardamomum) on innate immunity was investigated. ex vivo natural killer (nk) cell activity was assessed after consumption of fortified tea compared with regular tea in two independent double-blind intervention studies. both studies were conducted in india with healthy ...201019504465
Metabolic Characterization of Withania somnifera from Different Regions of India Using NMR Spectroscopy.WITHANIA SOMNIFERA (L.) Dun. (Solanaceae), known as Indian ginseng, is one of the most popular medicinal plants in India. Considering the importance and common use of this plant, it is necessary to investigate its holistic metabolite profile. However, with existing analytical methods which are based on TLC and HPLC-UV (or MS), it is difficult to obtain information of the whole range of compounds appropriately. In this study, the metabolic characterization of WITHANIA SOMNIFERA leaves, stems, and ...201121728148
withania somnifera extract attenuates stem cell factor-stimulated pigmentation in human epidermal equivalents through interruption of erk phosphorylation within melanocytes.we previously demonstrated that mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) signaling, including microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (mitf) and camp response element-binding protein (creb) phosphorylation, is a major pathway involved in up-regulating melanogenesis within human melanocytes in several hyperpigmentary disorders such as uvb melanosis and lentigo senilis. recently, a redox imbalance was shown to be closely linked to a variety of altered cellular responses in which the precise ...201122086674
Insights from the molecular docking of withanolide derivatives to the target protein PknG from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.A crucial virulence factor for intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis survival is Protein kinase G (PknG), a eukaryotic-like serinethreonine protein kinase expressed by pathogenic mycobacteria that blocks the intracellular degradation of mycobacteria in lysosomes. Inhibition of PknG results in mycobacterial transfer to lysosomes. Withania somnifera, a reputed herb in ayurvedic medicine, comprises a large number of steroidal lactones known as withanolides which show various pharmacological acti ...201121904430
ameliorative effects of herbal combinations in hyperlipidemia.the roots of glycyrrhiza glabra, withania somnifera, asparagus racemosus, and chlorophytum borivilianum and seeds of sesamum indicum are ayurvedic medicinal plants used in india to treat several ailments. our previous studies indicated that these plants possess hypolipidemic and antioxidant potential. the present study was aimed at investigating the composite effects of these plants on hypercholesterolemic rats. three different combinations (5 gm%, given for four weeks) used in this study effect ...201121941605
Chemotypical variations in Withania somnifera lead to differentially modulated immune response in BALB/c mice.Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) is a plant with known ethnomedicinal properties and its use in Ayurvedic medicine in India is well documented. The present investigation reports on immunomodulatory efficacy of aqueous-ethanol extracts of roots of three selected Withania somnifera chemotypes designated as NMITLI 101R, NMITLI 118R and NMITLI 128R. Each chemotype was administered 10-100mg/kg orally to BALB/c mice once daily for 14 days. The immunomodulatory consequences were recorded by determining ...201122182427
high catechin concentrations detected in withania somnifera (ashwagandha) by high performance liquid chromatography analysis.withania somnifera is an important medicinal plant traditionally used in the treatment of many diseases. the present study was carried out to characterize the phenolic acids, flavonoids and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (dpph) scavenging activities in methanolic extracts of w. somnifera fruits, roots and leaves (wsfet, wsret and wslet).201121854608
Withaferin A-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells is mediated by reactive oxygen species.Withaferin A (WA), a promising anticancer constituent of Ayurvedic medicinal plant Withania somnifera, inhibits growth of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in culture and MDA-MB-231 xenografts in vivo in association with apoptosis induction, but the mechanism of cell death is not fully understood. We now demonstrate, for the first time, that WA-induced apoptosis is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production due to inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. WA treatment cause ...201121853114
Inhibition of the emergence of multi drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Withania somnifera root extracts.To search systematically for an alternative therapy with compounds particularly from plant origin.201122078956
combination of withaferin a and x-ray irradiation enhances apoptosis in u937 cells.combined treatment with radiation has improved the outcome in various cancers and many radiosensitizers are used to enhance the therapeutic efficiency of radiotherapy. withaferin a (wit a), a natural compound derived from the medicinal plant withania somnifera, has been reported for its anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. in this study, we show that wit a enhances the ionizing radiation (ir)-induced apoptosis in human lymphoma u937 cells. wit a-enhanced ir-induced apoptosis is associated w ...201121964475
Withaferin A induces p53-dependent apoptosis by repression of HPV oncogenes and upregulation of tumor suppressor proteins in human cervical cancer cells.Cervical cancer is caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) expressing E6 and E7 oncoproteins, which are known to inactivate tumor suppressor proteins p53 and pRb, respectively. Repression of HPV oncoproteins would therefore result in reactivation of tumor suppressor pathways and cause apoptosis in cancer cells. Withaferin A (WA), the active component of the medicinal plant Withania Somnifera, has exhibited inhibitory effects against several different cancers. We examined the activity of WA on huma ...201121859835
In vitro cytotoxic screening of selected Saudi medicinal plants.Many natural products from plants have been identified to exert anticancer activity. It might be expected to be a challenge to look at the Saudi plants in order to discover new sources for new molecules which may have anticancer activity. The methanolic extracts of forty species of plants traditionally used in Saudi Arabia for the treatment of a variety of diseases were tested in vitro for their potential anticancer activity on different human cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic activity of the met ...201121953271
evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of flavonoids of withania somnifera l.in the present study antimicrobial activity of withania somnifera l. dunal (solanaceae) has been evaluated against selected pathogens. free and bound flavonoids of different parts (root, stem, leaf and fruit) of w. somnifera have been studied for their antimicrobial activity using disc diffusion assay against three gram negative bacteria (escherichia coli mtcc 46, proteus mirabilis mtcc 3310 and pseudomonas aeruginosa mtcc 1934), one gram positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus mtcc 3160) and t ...201122707839
prophylactic effect of withania somnifera on inflammation in a non-autoimmune prone murine model of lupus.the immunosuppressive properties of an aqueous suspension of withania somnifera (ws) root powder were investigated in a pristine induced female balb/c model of a systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) like disease. the course of disease is initiated by peritoneal inflammation caused by pristane which results in development of sle like symptoms, i.e. autoantibody production, proteinuria, and nephritis within a period of five to six months. the model of sle was established by injecting 0.5 ml of prist ...201122466301
role of growth regulators on in vitro regeneration and histological analysis in indian ginseng (withania somnifera l.) dunal.an efficient, rapid and improved in vitro plant regeneration protocol has been established for withania somnifera l. using shoot tip and nodal explants, excised from 15 days old aseptic seedlings. a range of cytokinins were investigated for multiple shoot regeneration. of the three cytokinins, 6-benzyladenine (ba), kinetin (kin) and 2-isopentenyl adenine (2-ip) evaluated as supplement to murashige and skoog (ms) medium, ba at an optimal concentration of 2.5 μm was most effective in proliferating ...201123573041
an overview on ashwagandha: a rasayana (rejuvenator) of ayurveda.withania somnifera (ashawagandha) is very revered herb of the indian ayurvedic system of medicine as a rasayana (tonic). it is used for various kinds of disease processes and specially as a nervine tonic. considering these facts many scientific studies were carried out and its adaptogenic / anti-stress activities were studied in detail. in experimental models it increases the stamina of rats during swimming endurance test and prevented adrenal gland changes of ascorbic acid and cortisol content ...201122754076
an extract of withania somnifera attenuates endothelin-1-stimulated pigmentation in human epidermal equivalents through the interruption of pkc activity within melanocytes.redox imbalances have been shown to be closely linked to a variety of altered cellular responses and profoundly affect intracellular signaling pathways, especially the pkc/mapk pathway which is a major pathway involved in regulating melanogenesis within human melanocytes. to elucidate the effects of redox balance regulation on epidermal hyperpigmentary disorders, an antioxidant-rich herb extract of withania somnifera was used to assess its effect on endothelin-1 (edn1)-stimulated pigmentation in ...201121678520
withaferin a induces apoptosis in human melanoma cells through generation of reactive oxygen species and down-regulation of bcl-2.a high resistance and heterogeneous response to conventional anti-cancer chemotherapies characterize malignant cutaneous melanoma, the most aggressive and deadly form of skin cancer. withaferin a (wfa), a withanolide derived from the medicinal plant withania somnifera, has been reported for its anti-tumorigenic activity against various cancer cells. for the first time, we examined the death-inducing potential of wfa against a panel of four different human melanoma cells and investigated the cell ...201121710254
a highly stable cu/zn superoxide dismutase from withania somnifera plant: gene cloning, expression and characterization of the recombinant protein.a gene from withania somnifera (winter cherry), encoding a highly stable chloroplastic cu/zn superoxide dismutase (sod), was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. the recombinant enzyme (specific activity of-á~4,200 u mg(-1)) was purified and characterized. it retained-á~90 and-á~70% residual activities after 1-áh at 80 and 95-¦c, respectively. at 95-¦c, thermal inactivation rate constant (k (d)) of the enzyme was 2.46-á+ù-á10(-3) min(-1) and half-life of heat inactivation was 4.68-áh. the e ...201121695487
Investigation of neuropsychopharmacological effects of a polyherbal formulation on the learning and memory process in rats.To investigate the neuropsychopharmacological effect of a polyherbal formulation (PHF) on the learning and memory processes in rats.201121731356
withaferin a suppresses estrogen receptor-a expression in human breast cancer cells.we have shown previously that withaferin a (wa), a promising anticancer constituent of ayurvedic medicine plant withania somnifera, inhibits growth of mcf-7 and mda-mb-231 human breast cancer cells in culture and mda-mb-231 xenografts in vivo by causing apoptosis. however, the mechanism of wa-induced apoptosis is not fully understood. the present study was designed to systematically determine the role of tumor suppressor p53 and estrogen receptor-a (er-a) in proapoptotic response to wa using mcf ...201121432907
prevention of cadmium bioaccumulation by herbal adaptogens.to evaluate the effect of various herbal adaptogens such as shade-dried powders of withania somnifera, ocimum sanctum, asperagus recemosus, andrographis paniculata, asphaltum panjabinum (shilajith), gymnema sylvestre, spirulina platensis, and panex ginseng on cadmium (cd)-induced oxidative stress and its accumulation in broiler chicken.201121455421
rectal gel application of withania somnifera root extract expounds anti-inflammatory and muco-restorative activity in tnbs-induced inflammatory bowel disease.abstract:201121527003
withaferin a inhibits breast cancer invasion and metastasis at sub-cytotoxic doses by inducing vimentin disassembly and serine 56 phosphorylation.withaferin a (wfa) is purified from the plant withania somnifera and inhibits the vimentin cytoskeleton. vimentin overexpression in cancer correlates with metastatic disease, induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition and reduced patient survival. as vimentin functions in cell motility, we wanted to test the hypothesis that wfa inhibits cancer metastasis by disrupting vimentin function. these data showed that wfa had weak cytotoxic and apoptotic activity at concentrations less than or equ ...201121538350
ashwagandha leaf derived withanone protects normal human cells against the toxicity of methoxyacetic acid, a major industrial metabolite.the present day lifestyle heavily depends on industrial chemicals in the form of agriculture, cosmetics, textiles and medical products. since the toxicity of the industrial chemicals has been a concern to human health, the need for alternative non-toxic natural products or adjuvants that serve as antidotes are in high demand. we have investigated the effects of ayurvedic herb ashwagandha (withania somnifera) leaf extract on methoxyacetic acid (maa) induced toxicity. maa is a major metabolite of ...201121573189
behavioural and neurochemical evaluation of perment an herbal formulation in chronic unpredictable mild stress induced depressive model.perment, a polyherbal ayurvedic formulation that contains equal parts of clitoria ternatea linn., withania somnifera dun., asparagus racemosus linn., bacopa monniera linn., is used clinically as mood elevators. the aim of the present study was to explore the behavioural effects and to understand possible mode of action of perment in stress induced depressive model. chronic unpredictable mild stress (cums) was used to induce depression in rats. open field exploratory behaviour, elevated plus maze ...201121614890
a comparison of the immunostimulatory effects of the medicinal herbs echinacea, ashwagandha and brahmi.aim of the study: herbs, as food or medicine, can strengthen the body and increase its resistance to illnesses by acting on various components of the immune system. for example, echinacea is noted for its ability to enhance immune function, primarily through activation of the innate immune responses. here, we investigated the potential for two herbs commonly found in india, ashwagandha (withania somnifera) and brahmi (bacopa monnieri), to enhance immune function and compared their effects to tha ...201121619924
influence of macro elements and nitrogen source on adventitious root growth and withanolide-a production in withania somnifera (l.) dunal.withania somnifera (l.) dunal. (indian ginseng) is an important medicinal plant which yields pharmaceutically active compounds, namely withanolides. this study deals with the optimisation of the adventitious root suspension culture of w. somnifera for the production of biomass and withanolide-a. we investigated the effects of macro elements (nh(4)no(3), kno(3), cacl(2), mgso(4) and kh(2)po(4)) and nitrogen source [ [image omitted]] of murashige and skoog (ms) medium on the accumulation of biomas ...201121644171
protective effect of withania somnifera and cardiospermum halicacabum extracts against collagenolytic degradation of collagen.the irreversible destruction of extracellular matrix (ecm) such as cartilage, tendon, and bone that comprise synovial joints is the hallmark of both rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis by over-expression of matrix metalloproteinase (mmp)-collagenases. we report herein the detailed study on the inhibitory effects of withania somnifera extract (wse) and cardiospermum halicacabum extract (che) on clostridium histolyticum collagenase (chc) activity against the degradation of the ecm component of ...201121789568
detection of toxic heavy metals and pesticide residue in herbal plants which are commonly used in the herbal formulations.herbal formulations are getting popular throughout the world and commercialized extensively for various medicinal properties. who has emphasized the need for quality assurance of herbal products, including testing of heavy metals and pesticides residues. in view of who guidelines, single herbal drugs used in herbal formulations were collected from local market, for testing heavy metals and persistent pesticides residue. therefore, in the present case, we have examined few local samples of certai ...201121210215
withaferin a enhances radiation-induced apoptosis in caki cells through induction of reactive oxygen species, bcl-2 downregulation and akt inhibition.withaferin a (wit a), a natural compound derived from the medicinal plant withania somnifera, has been reported for the anti-tumor effects, including the inhibition of tumor cell growth, metastasis and angiogenesis. in this study, we investigated the effect of wit a on radiation-induced apoptosis in human renal cancer cells (caki cells). our results showed that, compared with wit a or radiation alone, the combination of both resulted in a significant enhancement of apoptosis, showing the increas ...201121256832
endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates withaferin a-induced apoptosis in human renal carcinoma cells.the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (er) results in cellular stress that initiates a specialized response designated as the unfolded protein response. er stress has been implicated in a variety of common diseases, such as diabetes, ischemia and neurodegenerative disorders. withaferin a, a major chemical constituent of withania somnifera, has been reported to inhibit tumor cell growth. we show that withaferin a induced a dose-dependent apoptotic cell d ...201121266191
recent studies on aphrodisiac herbs for the management of male sexual dysfunction--a review.an aphrodisiac is a type of food or drink that has the effect of making those who eat or drink it more aroused in a sexual way. aphrodisiacs can be categorized according to their mode of action into three groups: substances that increase libido (i.e., sexual desire, arousal), substances that increase sexual potency (i.e., effectiveness of erection) and substances that increase sexual pleasure. some well-known aphrodisiacs are tribulus terrestrins, withania somnifera, eurycoma longifolia, avena s ...201121485695
comparative larvicidal potential of different plant parts of withania somnifera against vector mosquitoes in the semi-arid region of rajasthan.larvicidal potential of the extracts from different parts viz. green and red fruits, seeds, fruit without seeds, leaves and roots of withania somnifera in different solvents was evaluated against larvae of anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti and culex quinquefasciatus, the important disease vectors prevalent in the semi-arid region. experiments were carried out on late 3rd or early 4th instar larvae of these mosquitoes using standard who technique. 24 and 48 hr lc50 values along with their 95% co ...201121888235
cloning, expression and characterization of l-asparaginase from withania somnifera l. for large scale production.l-asparaginase (e.c. 3.5.1.1) is used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of acute childhood lymphoblastic leukemia. it is found in a variety of organisms such as microbes, plants and mammals. in plants, l-asparaginase enzymes are required to catalyze the release of ammonia from asparagine, which is the main nitrogen-relocation molecule in these organisms. an indian medicinal plant, withania somnifera was reported as a novel source of l-asparaginase. l-asparaginase from w. somnifera was clon ...201122558532
methanolic extracts of withania somnifera leaves, fruits and roots possess antioxidant properties and antibacterial activities.withania somnifera, also known as ashwagandha, is an important herb in ayurvedic and indigenous medical systems. the present study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of an 80% aqueous methanolic extract of w. somnifera roots (wsret), fruits (wsfet) and leaves (wslet).201223039061
carbohydrate and elicitor enhanced withanolide (withaferin a and withanolide a) accumulation in hairy root cultures of withania somnifera (l.).leaves of withania somnifera contained more withaferin a and withanolide a than roots indicating that these compounds mainly accumulate in leaves. with an increase in age of the plant, withaferin a was enhanced with a corresponding decrease in withanolide a. hairy root cultures were induced from leaf explants using agrobacterium rhizogenes and the transgenic nature of hairy roots was confirmed by partial isolation and sequencing of rolb gene, which could not be amplified in untransformed plant p ...201222822528
withania somnifera chemotypes nmitli 101r, nmitli 118r, nmitli 128r and withaferin a protect mastomys coucha from brugia malayi infection.withania somnifera is an ayurvedic indian medicinal plant whose immunomodulatory activities have been widely used as a home remedy for several ailments. we recently observed immunostimulatory properties in the root extracts of chemotypes nmitli-101, nmitli-118, nmitli-128 and pure withanolide, withaferin a. in the present study, we evaluated the potential immunoprophylactic efficacies of these extracts against an infective pathogen. our results show that administration of aqueous ethanol extract ...201222394222
sterol glycosyltransferases-identification of members of gene family and their role in stress in withania somnifera.sterol glycosyltransferases (sgts) catalyze the transfer of sugar molecules to diverse sterol molecules, leading to a change in their participation in cellular metabolism. withania somnifera is a medicinal plant rich in sterols, sterol glycosides and steroidal lactones. sterols and their modified counterparts are medicinally important and play a role in adaptation of the plant to stress conditions. we have identified 3 members of sgt gene family through race (rapid amplification of cdna ends) in ...201222744427
functional characterization and differential expression studies of squalene synthase from withania somnifera.squalene synthase (sqs: ec 2.5.1.21) is a potential branch point regulatory enzyme and represents the first committed step to diverge the carbon flux from the main isoprenoid pathway towards sterol biosynthesis. in the present study, cloning and characterization of withania somnifera squalene synthase (wssqs) cdna was investigated subsequently followed by its heterologous expression and preliminary enzyme activity. two different types of wssqs cdna clones (wssqs1and wssqs2) were identified that ...201222718506
molecular cloning, bacterial expression and promoter analysis of squalene synthase from withania somnifera (l.) dunal.withania somnifera (ashwagandha) is a rich repository of large number of pharmacologically active secondary metabolites known as withanolides. though the plant has been well characterized in terms of phytochemical profiles as well as pharmaceutical activities, but there is sparse information about the genes responsible for biosynthesis of these compounds. in this study, we have cloned and characterized a gene encoding squalene synthase (ec 2.5.1.21) from a withaferin a rich variety of w. somnife ...201222425978
protective effect of withania somnifera roots extract on hematoserological profiles against lead nitrate-induced toxicity in mice.the in vivo protective role of hydro-methanolic root extract of withania somnifera (ws) was evaluated in alleviating lead nitrate (ln)-induced toxicity in male swiss albino mice by measuring hematoserological profiles. the lead-treated (20 mg/kg body wt, p.o.) albino mice (25-30 g) concurrently received the root extract (200 and 500 mg/kg body wt, p.o.) once daily for the duration of six weeks. animals exposed to ln showed significant (p < 0.001) decline in haemoglobin content, red blood cell co ...201223350281
Computational evidence to inhibition of human acetyl cholinesterase by withanolide a for Alzheimer treatment.Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common cause of dementia. So far only five drugs have been approved by US FDA that temporarily slow worsening of symptoms for about six to twelve months. The limited number of therapeutic options for AD drives the exploration of new drugs. Enhancement of the central cholinergic function by the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase is a prominent clinically effective approach for the treatment of AD. Recently withanolide A, a second ...201222208270
immunomodulatory effect of withania somnifera supplementation diet in the giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii (de man) against aeromonas hydrophila.the effect of withania somnifera extract supplementation diets on innate immune response in giant freshwater prawn macrobrachium rosenbergii (de man) against aeromonas hydrophila was investigated. the bacterial clearance efficiency significantly increased in prawn fed with 0.1% and 1.0% doses of w. somnifera supplementation diet against pathogen from weeks 1-4 as compared to the control. the innate immune parameters such as, phenoloxidase activity, superoxide anion level, superoxide dismutase ac ...201222118967
allelopathic effect of ashwagandha against the germination and radicle growth of cicer arietinum and triticum aestivum.ashwagandha (withania somnifera) is an important medicinal plant in indian traditional system of medicine and traditionally has been used for several medicinal purposes in the indian subcontinent.201222923955
clinical evaluation of rasayana compound as an adjuvant in the management of tuberculosis with anti-koch's treatment.tuberculosis (tb) continues to intimidate the human race since time immemorial not only due to its effects as a medical malady, but also by its impact as a social and economic tragedy. at the dawn of the new millennium, we are still mute witnesses to the silent yet efficient march of this sagacious disease, its myriad manifestations and above all its unequalled, vicious power. through the millennia, tb never ever disappeared from the developing world. in 1991, the world health assembly (wha) res ...201223049182
protection of penaeus monodon against white spot syndrome virus by inactivated vaccine with herbal immunostimulants.to improve the immune response in tiger shrimp penaeus monodon against wssv infection, juveniles (350 ± 10 mg) were vaccinated with formalin-inactivated wssv and fed with herbal immunostimulants. the methanolic extracts of herbal immunostimulants such as acalypha indica, cynodon dactylon, picrorrhiza kurrooa, withania somnifera and zingiber officinalis were incorporated in formulated diets at different concentrations; 250 (ed(1)), 500 (ed(2)), 1000 (ed(3)) and 2000 (ed(4)) mg kg(-1) of feed and ...201222421013
withaferin a inhibits the proteasome activity in mesothelioma in vitro and in vivo.the medicinal plant withania somnifera has been used for over centuries in indian ayurvedic medicine to treat a wide spectrum of disorders. withaferin a (wa), a bioactive compound that is isolated from this plant, has anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-cancer properties. here we investigated malignant pleural mesothelioma (mpm) suppressive effects of wa and the molecular mechanisms involved. wa inhibited growth of the murine as well as patient-derived mpm cells in pa ...201222912669
investigation of heavy metals in frequently utilized medicinal plants collected from environmentally diverse locations of north western india.the increasing prevalence of environmental pollution, especially soil contamination with heavy metals has led to their uptake in the human food chains through plant parts. accumulation and magnification of heavy metals in human tissues through consumption of herbal remedies can cause hazardous impacts on health. therefore, chemical profiling of nine heavy metals (mn, cr, pb, fe, cd, co, zn, ni and hg) was undertaken in stem and leaf samples of ten medicinal plants (acacia nilotica, bacopa monnie ...201324386622
production of reactive oxygen species by withaferin a causes loss of type collagen expression and cox-2 expression through the pi3k/akt, p38, and jnk pathways in rabbit articular chondrocytes.withaferin a (wfa) is a major chemical constituent of withania somnifera, also known as indian ginseng. many recent reports have provided evidence of its anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant, and immune modulatory activities. although the compound appears to have a large number of effects, its defined mechanisms of action have not yet been determined. we investigated the effects of wfa on loss of type collagen expression and inflammation in rabbit articular chondrocytes. wfa increased the ...201324016823
plants and phytochemicals for huntington's disease.huntington's disease (hd) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive motor dysfunction, including chorea and dystonia, emotional disturbances, memory, and weight loss. the medium spiny neurons of striatum and cortex are mainly effected in hd. various hypotheses, including molecular genetics, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, metabolic dysfunction, and mitochondrial impairment have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of neuronal dysfunction and cell death. despite no treat ...201324347915
effect of plant secondary compounds on in vitro methane, ammonia production and ruminal protozoa population.the objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of secondary plant metabolites from 38 sources to serve as antimethanogenic additives in ruminant diets. the effect of leaf tannins from these different plant sources on rumen fermentation, protozoal populations and methanogenesis was also studied.201323621853
new insights into dietary supplements used in sport: active substances, pharmacological and side effects.as a society we are increasingly concerned about our physical appearance. for example, as much as 24% of people in developed countries admittedly exercise to improve their performance. professional sportsmen and amateurs alike are in a constant search for new means that will enable them better sport results in shorter time. among those means, a prominent place belongs to dietary supplements. however, the producers often advertise products whose use in sports is neither scientifically founded nor ...201323574283
upregulation of phase ii enzymes through phytochemical activation of nrf2 protects cardiomyocytes against oxidant stress.increased production of reactive oxygen species has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (cvd), and enhanced endogenous antioxidants have been proposed as a mechanism for regulating redox balance. nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (nrf2) is a transcriptional regulator of phase ii antioxidant enzymes, and activation of nrf2 has been suggested to be an important step in attenuating oxidative stress associated with cvd. a well-defined combination of five widely st ...201323201694
identification of antifungal principle in the solvent extract of an endophytic fungus chaetomium globosum from withania somnifera.extracts of chaetomium globosum ef18, isolated as endophytic fungus from withania somnifera, were found effective against sclerotinia sclerotiorum. ethyl acetate and methanol extracts were more effective than hexane extract showing >80% growth inhibition. bioactive compound (antibiotic sch 210971, m/z 445 and λmax 290) having antifungal activity against s. sclerotiorum has been isolated in pure form from the ethyl acetate extract following bioassay guided fractionation. apart from this compound ...201323519550
chemical and pharmacological standardization of ashwagandhadi lehyam: an ayurvedic formulation.standardization is an important measurement for ensuring the quality control of herbal drugs. it has become essential to develop reliable, specific and sensitive quality control methods. one of the prime ingredients of ashwagandhadi lehyam is withania somnifera l. dunal (solanaceae) (ashwagandha). in the present study, ashwagandhadi lehyam was formulated and the quality assessment of the formulation was based on phytochemical screening and physico-chemical evaluation. ashwagandhadi lehyam was fo ...201324127547
tropine forming tropinone reductase gene from withania somnifera (ashwagandha): biochemical characteristics of the recombinant enzyme and novel physiological overtones of tissue-wide gene expression patterns.withania somnifera is one of the most reputed medicinal plants of indian systems of medicine synthesizing diverse types of secondary metabolites such as withanolides, alkaloids, withanamides etc. present study comprises cloning and e. coli over-expression of a tropinone reductase gene (wstr-i) from w. somnifera, and elucidation of biochemical characteristics and physiological role of tropinone reductase enzyme in tropane alkaloid biosynthesis in aerial tissues of the plant. the recombinant enzym ...201324086372
effect of withania somnifera extracts on some selective biochemical, hematological, and immunological parameters in guinea pigs experimental infected with e. coli.fifty 1-2-month-old guinea pigs were divided into 5 equal groups, 10 each. control (gp1) did receive neither viable bacteria nor treatment. each animal from the other groups (gp2-5) was challenged with (1-2 × 10(8)) viable e. coli in 200  μ l normal saline (0.9%) through ip route. gp2 infected group was treated with 200  μ l saline ip and kept as positive control group. gp3-4 are infected and treated with withania somnifera (ethanol root extract) with doses 50 and 100 mg/kg. bw, respectively. gp ...201323738137
functional characterization of a flavonoid glycosyltransferase gene from withania somnifera (ashwagandha).glycosylation of flavonoids is mediated by family 1 uridine diphosphate (udp)-dependent glycosyltransferases (ugts). until date, there are few reports on functionally characterized flavonoid glycosyltransferases from withania somnifera. in this study, we cloned the glycosyltransferase gene from w. somnifera (ugt73a16) showing 85-92 % homology with ugts from other plants. ugt73a16 was expressed as a his(6)-tagged fusion protein in escherichia coli. several compounds, including flavonoids, were sc ...201323609908
characterization of sterol glucosyltransferase from salinispora tropica cnb-440: potential enzyme for the biosynthesis of sitosteryl glucoside.a sterol glucosyltransferase-encoded gene was isolated from salinispora tropica cnb-440, a marine, sediment-dwelling, gram positive bacterium that produces the potent anticancer compound, salinosporamide a. the full-length gene consists of 1284 nucleotides and encodes 427 amino acids with a calculated mass of 45.65kda. the gene was then cloned and heterologously expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de3). the amino acid sequence shares 39% similarity with the glycosyltransferase from withania somni ...201323540924
nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase: molecular cloning and functional characterization of two paralogs from withania somnifera (l.) dunal.withania somnifera (l.) dunal, a highly reputed medicinal plant, synthesizes a large array of steroidal lactone triterpenoids called withanolides. although its chemical profile and pharmacological activities have been studied extensively during the last two decades, limited attempts have been made to decipher the biosynthetic route and identification of key regulatory genes involved in withanolide biosynthesis. cytochrome p450 reductase is the most imperative redox partner of multiple p450s invo ...201323437311
molecular characterization and promoter analysis of squalene epoxidase gene from withania somnifera (l.) dunal.withania somnifera is a rich reservoir of pharmaceutically active steroidal lactones known as withanolides. the plant is well characterized in terms of its chemistry and pharmacology, but very little is known about the pathway involved in the biosynthesis of withanolides. the present investigation describes the cloning, characterization and expression of squalene epoxidase (se) gene from w. somnifera. se (sqe; ec. 1.14.99.7) is one of the rate limiting enzymes in the biosynthesis of triterpenoid ...201323065254
cloning and functional characterization of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase gene from withania somnifera: an important medicinal plant.withania somnifera (l.) dunal is one of the most valuable medicinal plants synthesizing a large number of pharmacologically active secondary metabolites known as withanolides, the c28-steroidal lactones derived from triterpenoids. though the plant has been well characterized in terms of phytochemical profiles as well as pharmaceutical activities, not much is known about the biosynthetic pathway and genes responsible for biosynthesis of these compounds. in this study, we have characterized the ge ...201322936023
enhanced withanolide production by overexpression of squalene synthase in withania somnifera.withania somnifera commonly known as ashwagandha, is held in high repute in traditional indian medicine, largely due to the presence of steroidal lactone phytocompounds collectively known as withanolides, such as withanolide a, withaferin a and withanone. these withanolides have diverse pharmacological properties and are prospective high-value drug candidates. to meet the ever-increasing demands of these compounds, plant cell technology offers a viable alternative. in this study, a key enzyme in ...201323313565
effects of withania somnifera on the growth and virulence properties of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus at sub-mic levels.the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the methanol extract of withania somnifera (mew) on the growth and virulence properties of streptococcus mutans and streptococcus sobrinus at sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) levels and to identify the main components of mew. first, antibacterial activity of mew against oral bacteria was determined using a micro-dilution method. then, the effect of mew on the growth of s. mutans and s. sobrinus was investigated at sub-mic levels. to t ...201323142795
studies on the protective and immunomodulatory efficacy of withania somnifera along with cisplatin against experimental visceral leishmaniasis.visceral leishmaniasis (vl) or kala-azar continues to persist as one of the major public health problems in many tropical countries. however, no effective treatment for cure of the disease is yet available. the present study was designed to investigate the nephroprotective and immunomodulatory effect of withania somnifera in cisplatin-treated leishmania donovani-infected balb/c mice. administration of cisplatin (5 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.) daily for 5 days, i.p.) reduced the parasite load in l. ...201323519426
an in vitro study of apoptotic like death in leishmania donovani promastigotes by withanolides.the aim of this study was to isolate and evaluate the withanolides in inducing apoptotic like death in leishmania donovani in vitro. withanolides were fractionated and isolated from the leaves of withania somnifera and lc-ms/ms analysis of two fractions namely, f5 and f6 of ethanolic extracts, obtained through column chromatography with silica gel, was performed. the antileishmanial effect of withanolides on l. donovani promastigotes was assessed in vitro using pi dye exclusion test. the effect ...201323416156
antimicrobial activity and probable mechanisms of action of medicinal plants of kenya: withania somnifera, warbugia ugandensis, prunus africana and plectrunthus barbatus.withania somnifera, warbugia ugandensis, prunus africana and plectrunthus barbatus are used traditionally in kenya for treatment of microbial infections and cancer. information on their use is available, but scientific data on their bioactivity, safety and mechanisms of action is still scanty. a study was conducted on the effect of organic extracts of these plants on both bacterial and fungal strains, and their mechanisms of action. extracts were evaluated through the disc diffusion assay. bacte ...201323785437
overexpression of wssgtl1 gene of withania somnifera enhances salt tolerance, heat tolerance and cold acclimation ability in transgenic arabidopsis plants.sterol glycosyltrnasferases (sgt) are enzymes that glycosylate sterols which play important role in plant adaptation to stress and are medicinally important in plants like withania somnifera. the present study aims to find the role of wssgtl1 which is a sterol glycosyltransferase from w. somnifera, in plant's adaptation to abiotic stress.201323646175
hptlc analysis, antioxidant and antigout activity of indian plants.the hptlc analysis, antioxidant, and antigout activity of asparagus racemosus, withania somnifera, vitex negundo, plumbago zeylanica, butea monosperma and tephrosia purpurea extracts were investigated. the chemical fingerprinting were carried out by high performance thin layer chromatography (hptlc), antioxidant activity by abts, dpph, frap radical scavenging assays, and antiogout activity by cow milk xanthine oxidase. the hptlc fingerprint qualitatively revealed predominant amount of flavonoids ...201425237348
in silico study of binding motifs in squalene synthase enzyme of secondary metabolic pathway of solanaceae [corrected].solanaceae is an important family with several plants of medicinal importance. these medicinal plants have distinctive pathways for secondary metabolite biosynthesis. in most of the plants, two important compounds, dimethylallyl diphosphate and isopentenyl diphosphate, synthesize isoprenoid or terpenoids. squalene synthase (sqs) is a key enzyme of the biosynthesis of isoprenoid (farnesyl pyrophosphate (fpp) → squalene). withania somnifera (ashwagandha), an important medicinal plant of family sol ...201425106523
protection against experimental visceral leishmaniasis by immunostimulation with herbal drugs derived from withania somnifera and asparagus racemosus.visceral leishmaniasis (vl) is a vector-borne parasitic disease targeting tissue macrophages. it is among the most neglected infectious diseases. as available therapeutics for treatment of this disease have many side effects, there is a need for safer alternatives. one of the immunopathological consequences of active visceral leishmaniasis is suppression of protective t-helper (th)-1 cells and induction of disease-promoting th-2 cells, and thus the treatment of vl relies on immunomodulation. in ...201425082945
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