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fatty acid profile and influence of oxythiamine on fatty acid content in malassezia pachydermatis, candida albicans and saccharomyces cerevisiae.malassezia pachydermatis and candida albicans are fungi involved in the skin diseases and systemic infections. the therapy of such infections is difficult due to relapses and problems with pathogen identification. in our study, we compare the fatty acids profile of m. pachydermatis, c. albicans and s. cerevisiae to identify diagnostic markers and to investigate the effect of oxythiamine (ot) on the lipid composition of these species. total fatty acid content is threefold higher in c. albicans an ...201122066764
[Evaluation of antifungal effects of a traditional medicine containing 17 components on Trichophyton verrucosum and Malassezia pachydermatis by microdilution].The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of a traditional medicine containing 17 components against 9 strains of Trichophyton verrucosum and 13 strains of Malassezia pachydermatis was determined using a method recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI). We also measured the MIC of each of the 17 components using the same method, and identified the main antifungal components.In order to evaluate MIC as a parameter of the antifungal effects using the microdilution method, ...201121891983
genotyping of malassezia pachydermatis isolates from canine healthy skin and atopic dermatitis by internal spacer 1 (igs1) region analysis.isolates of malassezia pachydermatis from healthy dog skin and from dogs with atopic dermatitis were molecularly characterized using internal spacer 1 (igs1) region analyses, and their phospholipase a2 activity and ph growth profiles were then characterized in vitro. the percentage of isolates from healthy dogs that had the following igs1 subtypes (isotype, %) were as follows: 1a, 6%; 1b, 27%; 1c, 11%; 2a, 6%; 2b, 6%; 3a, 11%; 3c, 3%; and 3d, 24%. in contrast, 9% of isolates from dogs with atopi ...201121401740
in vitro susceptibility of fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant isolates of malassezia pachydermatis against azoles.the first aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro efficacies of fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole on m. pachydermatis growth inhibition. this study also evaluated m. pachydermatis azole cross-resistance, comparing wild clinical isolates and the same isolates with in vitro-induced fluconazole resistance.201121658868
malassezia dermatitis in dogs in brazil: diagnosis, evaluation of clinical signs and molecular identification.skin carriage and quantification of malassezia yeasts were evaluated in 180 healthy dogs (group 1) and 117 dogs with clinical signs (pruritus, erythema, lichenification/seborrhoea, excoriations and alopecia) that could be related to malassezia dermatitis (group 2) in brazil. the lesions in the group 2 dogs were evaluated using cadesi-03 scores. samples were collected from five different anatomical areas. direct examination was performed using the tape strip technique, and results were expressed ...201120609207
innate immune response in human keratinocytes infected by a feline isolate of malassezia pachydermatis.malassezia pachydermatis is a normal inhabitant of canine and feline skin that can spread to other pets. the outer layer or epidermis is made up primarily of keratinocytes, which are capable of releasing various factors and expressing receptors that are significantly involved in the immune regulation. little is known about the mechanism by which m. pachydermatis overcomes the natural barrier of the skin. the aim of this study was to evaluate the direct in vitro interaction between human keratino ...201223273837
[dermatomycoses due to pets and farm animals : neglected infections?].dermatomycoses due to contact with pets and livestock frequently affect children and young adults. zoophilic dermatophytes are the main important causative agents. it has long been known that the often high inflammatory dermatophytoses of the skin and the scalp are caused mostly by microsporum canis. due to an absence of an obligation for reporting fungal infections of the skin to the public health office in germany, an unnoticed but significant change in responsible pathogens has occurred. toda ...201223114507
antimicrobial properties of cyclodextrin-antiseptics-complexes determined by microplate laser nephelometry and atp bioluminescence assay.antimicrobial effects of substances can be determined with different methods that measure distinct parameters. thus, a comparison of the results obtained can be difficult. in this study, two in vitro methods were employed to determine concentration and time dependent effects of cyclodextrin (cd)-complexes with the antiseptics chlorhexidine diacetate (chx), iodine (iod) and polihexanide (phmb) on candida albicans and malassezia pachydermatis. using both, microplate laser nephelometry and the atp ...201222877865
effectiveness of selected disinfectants on malassezia pachydermatis.the present study investigated the effectiveness of three different disinfectants: preparation h1 (two-component preparation based on hydrogen peroxide); pedox (multi-component preparation based on peroxyacetic acid) and savo hypochlorite preparation) against malassezia pachydermatis. the antifungal activity of disinfectants was tested by quantitative suspension method according to stn en 1650. the results confirmed 100% effectiveness of these disinfectants at all concentrations and exposure tim ...201223214381
biofilm formation of malassezia pachydermatis from dogs.yeasts of the genus malassezia are commensals of the normal skin microbial flora of humans and animals. these yeasts may become pathogenic under certain circumstances and their pathogenic role may be related to host immune system as well to yeast virulence factors (e.g., phospholipase production and biofilm formation). this study aims to evaluate the in vitro ability of m. pachydermatis strains to produce biofilm, and its relationship with phospholipase activity and the genetic make-up of isolat ...201222682201
assessment of the antifungal susceptibility of malassezia pachydermatis in various media using a clsi protocol.the microdilution antifungal method (clsi bmd, m27-a3) was used for testing the antifungal susceptibility of malassezia species. however, optimal broth media that allow sufficient growth of m. pachydermatitis and produce reliable and reproducible mics using the clsi bmd protocol are yet to be established. in this study, the susceptibility of m. pachydermatis isolates to ketoconazole (ktz), itraconazole (itz) and fluconazole (flz) was evaluated in vitro by the clsi bmd test using christensen's ur ...201222622336
in vitro evaluation of malassezia pachydermatis susceptibility to azole compounds using e-test and clsi microdilution methods.dermatitis caused by malassezia spp., one of most common skin disease in dogs, requires prolonged therapy and/or high doses of antifungal agents. in the present study, the antifungal susceptibility of m. pachydermatis to ketoconazole (ktz), fluconazole (flz), itraconazole (itz), posaconazole (pos) and voriconazole (vor) was evaluated in vitro using both clsi reference broth microdilution (clsi bmd) and e-test. a total of 62 m. pachydermatis strains from dogs with and without skin lesions were te ...201222471886
evaluation of the antifungal susceptibility of malassezia pachydermatis to clotrimazole, miconazole and thiabendazole using a modified clsi m27-a3 microdilution method.in this study, we evaluated the antifungal susceptibility of malassezia pachydermatis to clotrimazole (ctz), miconazole (mcz), and thiabendazole (tbd), azole derivatives employed in aural formulations labeled for treatment of canine otitis.201222313492
molecular analysis of malassezia pachydermatis isolated from canine skin and ear in korea.we investigated malassezia species and genotypes colonizing dogs, comparing those recovered from the ear canal with those from other anatomical body sites, as well as from diseased and healthy skin. the malassezia isolates were obtained from four types of skin samples, i.e., diseased ear, diseased skin, healthy ear, and healthy skin. sequences of the 26s ribosomal dna region, the intergenic spacer 1 (igs-1) and the internal transcribed spacer 1 (its-1) dna region were analyzed. these confirmed t ...201323167706
phospholipase activity after β-endorphin exposure discriminates malassezia strains isolated from healthy and seborrhoeic dermatitis skin.phospholipase activity and its induction by β-endorphin have been associated with pathogenic malassezia pachydermatis animal isolates.201322757641
genotyping of malassezia pachydermatis isolates from canine healthy skin and lesional skin of atopic dermatitis in japan, korea and taiwan.isolates of the yeast malassezia pachydermatis obtained from skin samples of healthy dogs and of dogs with atopic dermatitis in japan, taiwan and korea were molecularly characterized using intergenic pacer 1 (igs1) region analysis. the percentage of igs1 subtype isolates detected in healthy skin was as follows: 1a (6%), 1b (27%), 1c (11%), 2a (6%), 2b (6%), 3a (11%), 3b (6%), 3c (3%) and 3d (24%). in contrast, the most prevalent isolates detected in skin lesions of atopic dermatitis were subtype ...201323411408
isolation of sporothrix schenckii from the claws of domestic cats (indoor and outdoor) and in captivity in são paulo (brazil).sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis and is also a zoonosis (sapro- and anthropozoonosis). the objective of the present study was to determine the occurrence of sporotrichosis in domestic cats and in wild or exotic felines in captivity through the isolation of sporothrix spp. from claw impressions in a culture medium. the samples included 132 felines, of which 120 (91.0 %) were domestic cats, 11 (8.3 %) were wild felines, and one (0.7 %) was an exotic felid. twenty-one (17.5 %) were outdoor ...201323729233
study to assess in vitro antimicrobial activity of nine ear cleaners against 50 malassezia pachydermatis isolates.ear cleaning is an important part of the successful therapy of otitis externa.201323551137
[malassezia and its presumed association with skin diseases in dogs].malassezia pachydermatis is the major species in malassezia isolated from dogs, and there is a presumably malassezia-associated skin disease,"malassezia dermatitis" in the dog. the skin lesion is characterized by relatively demarcated erythema with some scaling at the sebum-rich areas, in which lichenification and hyperpigmentation could be involved in the chronic stage. the clinical features suggest that it corresponds to seborrheic dermatitis in humans. hence, it might be possible to identify ...201323470954
[phospholipase and proteinase production by malassezia pachydermatis isolated in dogs with and without otitis].malassezia pachydermatis is part of the skin microbiota of dogs and cats. m. pachydermatis has been associated with external otitis and seborrhoeic dermatitis, reported more often in dogs than in cats. when the physical, chemical or immunological mechanisms of the skin are altered, m. pachydermatis could act as a pathogen. thus, several virulence factors, such as the ability to produce esterase, lipase, lipoxygenase, protease, chondroitin sulphatase, and hyaluronidase, have been studied.201323428748
tinea atypica: report of nine cases.fungal infections of the skin are a common condition, usually easy to diagnose and treat. when the infection is clinically mimicking another cutaneous disorder or when the clinical presentation is modified by the use of inappropriate treatment, it is referred to as tinea atypica or tinea incognito.we report a series of nine cases of patients with tinea atypica, imitating and diagnosed initially as different skin diseases. two patients were defined as pyoderma in the facial and pubic regions (cau ...201323949566
antifungal susceptibility of malassezia pachydermatis biofilm.antifungal resistance has been associated with biofilm formation in many microorganisms, but not yet in malassezia pachydermatis. this saprophytic yeast can cause otitis and dermatitis in dogs and has emerged as an important human pathogen, responsible for systemic infections in neonates in intensive care units. this study aims to evaluate the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of m. pachydermatis strains, in both their planktonic and sessile forms, to fluconazole, miconazole, ketoconazole, itra ...201323834283
in vitro comparison of the effectiveness of polihexanide and chlorhexidine against canine isolates of staphylococcus pseudintermedius, pseudomonas aeruginosa and malassezia pachydermatis.polihexanide (polyhexamethylene biguanide) is an antiseptic substance that plays a prominent role in the treatment of critically colonized or infected acute and chronic wounds in humans.201323789723
clinical and mycological analysis of dog's oral cavity.the oral microbiota of humans and animals is made up of a wide variety of yeasts and bacteria, but microbiota of dogs is not totally described. although such identification is an important step to establish the etiopathogenesis and adequate therapy for the periodontal disease the aim of this study was to evaluate and correlate oral alterations with the presence of yeasts in oral cavity of female dogs. after clinical evaluation samples from healthy and from dogs with oral diseases were obtained f ...201324159296
assessment of plant lectin antifungal potential against yeasts of major importance in medical mycology.the search for new compounds with antifungal activity is accelerating due to rising yeast and fungal resistance to commonly prescribed drugs. among the molecules being investigated, plant lectins can be highlighted. the present work shows the potential of six plant lectins which were tested in vitro against yeasts of medical importance, candida albicans, candida tropicalis, candida parapsilosis, cryptococcus gattii, cryptococcus neoformans, malassezia pachydermatis, rhodotorula sp. and trichospo ...201323161017
antifungal agent susceptibilities and interpretation of malassezia pachydermatis and candida parapsilosis isolated from dogs with and without seborrheic dermatitis skin.malassezia pachydermatis and candida parapsilosis are recognized as commensal yeasts on the skin of healthy dogs but also causative agents of eborrheic dermatitis, especially in atopic dogs. we determined and compared the susceptibility levels of yeasts isolated from dogs with and without seborrheic dermatitis (sd) using the disk diffusion method (dd) for itraconazole (itz), ketoconazole (ktz), nystatin (nys), terbinafine (terb) and 5-fluorocytosine (5-fc) and the broth microdilution method (bmd ...201323547880
susceptibility variation of malassezia pachydermatis to antifungal agents according to isolate source.malassezia pachydermatis is associated with dermatomycoses and otomycosis in dogs and cats. this study compared the susceptibility of m. pachydermatis isolates from sick (g1) and healthy (g2) animals to azole and polyene antifungals using the m27-a3 protocol. isolates from g1 animals were less sensitive to amphotericin b, nystatin, fluconazole, clotrimazole and miconazole.201324159302
in vitro antifungal activity of topical and systemic antifungal drugs against malassezia species.the strict nutritional requirements of malassezia species make it difficult to test the antifungal susceptibility. treatments of the chronic and recurrent infections associated with malassezia spp. are usually ineffective. the objective of this study was to obtain in vitro susceptibility profile of 76 clinical isolates of malassezia species against 16 antifungal drugs used for topical or systemic treatment. isolates were identified by restriction fragment length polymorphism. minimal inhibitory ...201323496653
differences in fungi present in induced sputum samples from asthma patients and non-atopic controls: a community based case control study.there is emerging evidence for the presence of an extensive microbiota in human lungs. it is not known whether variations in the prevalence of species of microbiota in the lungs may have aetiological significance in respiratory conditions such as asthma. the aim of the study was to undertake semi-quantitative analysis of the differences in fungal species in pooled sputum samples from asthma patients and controls.201323384395
canine antimicrobial peptides are effective against resistant bacteria and yeasts.antimicrobial peptides (amps) are small proteins present in most living species and they are involved in the defence against pathogenic organisms. β-defensins and cathelicidin are the most frequently studied amps in both people and dogs.201424215268
escmid and ecmm joint clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of rare invasive yeast infections.the mortality associated with invasive fungal infections remains high with that involving rare yeast pathogens other than candida being no exception. this is in part due to the severe underlying conditions typically predisposing patients to these healthcare-related infections (most often severe neutropenia in patients with haematological malignancies), and in part due to the often challenging intrinsic susceptibility pattern of the pathogens that potentially leads to delayed appropriate antifung ...201424102785
highlights in pathogenic fungal biofilms.a wide variety of fungi have demonstrated the ability to colonize surfaces and form biofilms. most studies on fungal biofilms have focused on candida albicans and more recently, several authors have reported the involvement of other genera of yeasts and candida species, as well as of filamentous fungi in the formation of biofilms, including: cryptococcus neoformans, cryptococcus gattii, rhodotorula species, aspergillus fumigatus, malassezia pachydermatis, histoplasma capsulatum, paracoccidioides ...201424252828
isolation, screening and partial purification of antimicrobial antibiotics from soil streptomyces sp. sca 7.thirty-seven actinomycetes strains were isolated from soil samples collected from an agriculture field in vengodu, thiruvannamalai district, tamil nadu, india (latitude: 12° 54' 0033″, north; longitude: 79° 78' 5216″, east; elevation: 228.6/70.0 ft/m). the isolates were assessed for antagonistic activity against five gram-positive bacteria, seven gram-negative bacteria, and two pathogenic fungi. during the initial screening, 43% of the strains showed weak activity, 16% showed moderate activity, ...201425224766
comparison of the results of intradermal test reactivity and serum allergen-specific ige measurement for malassezia pachydermatis in atopic dogs.malassezia pachydermatis is part of the normal flora of canine skin. malassezia hypersensitivity is recognized as a trigger for clinical signs of atopic dermatitis (ad) in some dogs. determinations of malassezia hypersensitivity are often made with intradermal testing (idt), which may have limited availability in a first-opinion veterinary practice.201425130045
in vitro antifungal susceptibility of malassezia pachydermatis strains isolated from dogs with chronic and acute otitis externa.malassezia pachydermatis is a yeast that is frequently involved as a secondary/perpetuating factor in canine otitis externa. topical therapies with different antifungal agents, mainly azole compounds, are generally successful in controlling the yeast overgrowth, but treatment failure and rapid recurrences are common. this study compared the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of m. pachydermatis isolates obtained from chronic and acute cases of otitis externa. the aim was to assess the possible o ...201425031085
clinical and mycological evaluation of an herbal antifungal formulation in canine malassezia dermatitis.malassezia pachydermatis is a common cause of more widespread dermatitis in dogs (cmd). recurrences are common, and this disorder can be very troubling for both dogs and for the pet owner.201424746728
in vitro and in vivo activity of a killer peptide against malassezia pachydermatis causing otitis in dogs.in order to overcome the limitations inherent in current pharmacological treatments for malassezia pachydermatis, the cause of otitis externa in dogs, the efficacy of a killer decapeptide (kp) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. sixteen dogs with naturally occurring m. pachydermatis otitis externa were enrolled, and the in vitro fungicidal activity of kp was evaluated using yeasts recovered from these animals. the therapeutic activity was evaluated in four groups of four animals each. the dogs w ...201424625672
in vitro evaluation of the use of diluted sodium hypochlorite (bleach) against staphylococcus pseudintermedius, pseudomonas aeruginosa and malassezia pachydermatis. 201424589038
adhesion of malassezia pachydermatis of different growth type to canine epithelial cells.a total of 100 malassezia pachydermatis strains recovered from skin and mucosal membranes of dogs were evaluated for their adhesive properties. two types of growth, related to colony morphology on sabouraud agar, were observed (type i and ii). the mean number of fungal cells attaching to canine buccal epithelial cells was found to be 17. the number of adhered cells was greater (statistically significant at the level of p < 0.01) in strains belonging to the type i.201424988866
malassezia pachydermatis fungaemia in an adult on posaconazole prophylaxis for acute myeloid leukaemia. 201424977737
malassezia pachydermatis fungemia in a preterm neonate resistant to fluconazole and flucytosine.a case of malassezia pachydermatis fungemia in a preterm neonate is described. the isolate was identified by rdna sequencing and was resistant to fluconazole and flucytosine. since m. pachydermatis does not require lipid supplementation for growth, it can be misidentified as a candida species. the report highlights m. pachydermatis as a cause of late onset sepsis in preterm neonates and emphasizes the need for prior antifungal susceptibility testing.201424936403
sequential exposure of malassezia pachydermatis to azoles: enhanced or decreased activity? 201424786225
in vitro amphotericin b susceptibility of malassezia pachydermatis determined by the clsi broth microdilution method and etest using lipid-enriched media.we determined the in vitro amphotericin b susceptibility of 60 malassezia pachydermatis isolates by the clsi broth microdilution method and the etest using lipid-enriched media. all isolates were susceptible at mics of ≤ 1 μg/ml, confirming the high activity of amphotericin b against this yeast species. overall, the essential agreement between the tested methods was high (80% and 96.7% after 48 h and 72 h, respectively), and all discrepancies were regarded as nonsubstantial.201424752258
in vitro susceptibility of malassezia pachydermatis isolates from canine skin with atopic dermatitis to ketoconazole and itraconazole in east asia.topical or oral azole antifungals are commonly used in canine atopic dermatitis (ad), as the lipophilic yeast malassezia pachydermatis exacerbates canine ad. to examine whether canine ad lesions harbor azole-resistant m. pachydermatis isolates in east asia, we investigated the in vitro susceptibility of m. pachydermatis isolates to ketoconazole (ktz) and itraconazole (itz) obtained from ad lesions of canines in japan, korea and taiwan. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of ktz and itz ...201424334863
biofilm formation in malassezia pachydermatis strains isolated from dogs decreases susceptibility to ketoconazole and itraconazole.malassezia pachydermatis is a commonly isolated yeast in veterinary dermatology that can produce biofilms in vitro and in vivo, lowering its susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs. the aim of this study was to determine and compare the in vitro susceptibility of planktonic cells and biofilms of m. pachydermatis isolates to ketoconazole and itraconazole. the presence of biofilm formation was confirmed by crystal violet staining and absorbance measurement at 595 nm wavelength, and by a scanning ele ...201425410389
malassezia pachydermatis keratomycosis in a dog.a 13-year-old female lhasa apso was presented for blepharospasm and conjunctival hyperemia of the right eye. ophthalmic examination revealed an anterior stromal ulcer associated with a raised yellow corneal plaque. in vivo confocal microscopy and cytology of the cornea identified neutrophilic inflammation and yeast cells. malassezia pachydermatis was isolated from a corneal scraping. treatment with topical voriconazole ophthalmic solution resolved the keratitis.201526909245
draft genome sequence of the animal and human pathogen malassezia pachydermatis strain cbs 1879.malassezia pachydermatis is a basidiomycetous yeast that causes infections in humans and animals. here, we report the genome sequence of malassezia pachydermatis strain cbs 1879, which will facilitate the study of mechanisms underlying pathogenicity of the only non-lipid-dependent malasezzia species.201526472839
changing of bloodstream infections in a medical center neonatal intensive care unit.bloodstream infections (bsis) are associated with high mortality and morbidity in neonatal intensive care units (nicus). the epidemiology of these infections may change after the application of new infection control policies. the aims of this study are to reveal the changing epidemiology of bsis in our nicu and inspect the effects of infection control efforts.201526440920
genotyping and characterisation of the secretory lipolytic enzymes of malassezia pachydermatis isolates collected from dogs.malassezia species are commensals of normal skin microbial flora of humans and animals. these may become pathogenic under certain conditions such as those associated with atopic dermatitis or otitis externa in dogs.201526392911
determining canine skin concentrations of terbinafine to guide the treatment of malassezia dermatitis.terbinafine (tbf) is known to concentrate and persist in human skin. its use is increasing in veterinary medicine, but there are limited data concerning its tissue concentration and efficacy in dogs.201526286855
agar diffusion procedures for susceptibility testing of malassezia pachydermatis: evaluation of mueller-hinton agar plus 2 % glucose and 0.5 µg/ml methylene blue as the test medium.aim of this study was to verify whether mueller-hinton agar supplemented with 2 % glucose and methylene blue (mh-gm), which is used for disk diffusion susceptibility testing of candida species by the clinical and laboratory standards institute, is suitable for testing malassezia pachydermatis. a variant of the disk diffusion procedure utilizing a 9-mm tablet was used to test 31 isolates against clotrimazole and miconazole using mh-gm as test medium. the mh-gm agar optimally supported the growth ...201526138434
a pilot study of the efficacy of wipes containing chlorhexidine 0.3%, climbazole 0.5% and tris-edta to reduce malassezia pachydermatis populations on canine skin.wipes containing chlorhexidine and azole derivates have been recommended for veterinary use. no study has been published about their activity against malassezia pachydermatis.201526083147
[malassezia pachydermatis (weidman) c.w. dodge]. 201525860048
in vitro growth versus inhibition of growth of malassezia pachydermatis in the presence of the antibacterial drug gentamicin.malassezia pachydermatis is part of the normal cutaneous microbiota of most warm-blooded vertebrates and is associated with otitis externa and seborrhoeic dermatitis in dogs and cats. in this study, we evaluated the growth capacity of nine m. pachydermatis strains on sabouraud medium in the presence of a high concentration of gentamicin. strains of m. pachydermatis cultured on sabouraud medium in the presence of 50 and 100 µg gentamicin ml(-1) displayed different growth patterns such as growth o ...201525627206
azole susceptibility of malassezia pachydermatis and malassezia furfur and tentative epidemiological cut-off values.this study aims to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) distribution and the epidemiological cut-off values (ecvs) of malassezia pachydermatis and malassezia furfur isolates for fluconazole (flz), itraconazole (itz), posaconazole (pos), and voriconazole (vor). a total of 62 m. pachydermatis strains from dogs with dermatitis and 78 m. furfur strains from humans with bloodstream infections (bsi) were tested by a modified broth microdilution clinical and laboratory standards institu ...201526162472
is transmission electron microscopy (tem) a promising approach for qualitative and quantitative investigations of polymyxin b and miconazole interactions with cellular and subcellular structures of staphylococcus pseudintermedius, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa and malassezia pachydermatis?antimicrobial therapy using a combination of polymyxin b and miconazole is effective against the main bacterial pathogens associated with otitis externa in dogs, and a synergistic effect of both drugs has been shown previously. the objective of the present investigation was to visualize ultrastructural changes after exposure of escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus pseudintermedius and malassezia pachydermatis to polymyxin b and miconazole by transmission electron microscopic ...201526527257
detection and identification of malassezia species in domestic animals and aquatic birds by pcr-rflp.the present study aimed at detection and species-level identification of the malassezia yeasts in domestic animals and aquatic birds by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp). samples were collected using tape strips and swabs from 471 animals including 97 horses, 102 cattle, 105 sheep, 20 camels, 60 dogs, 30 cats, 1 hamster, 1 squirrel, 50 aquatic birds and 5 turkeys. tape-strip samples were examined by direct microscopy. all samples were inoculated on mod ...201527175148
efficacy of a 2% climbazole shampoo for reducing malassezia population sizes on the skin of naturally infected dogs.shampoo therapy is often recommended for the control of malassezia overgrowth in dogs. the aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo activity of a 2% climbazole shampoo against malassezia pachydermatis yeasts in naturally infected dogs.201526603053
efficacy of medicinal essential oils against pathogenic malassezia sp. isolates.the purposes of this study were to evaluate the distribution pattern and population size of malassezia species in dogs with atopic dermatitis (ad) and the inhibitory efficacy of zataria multiflora, thymus kotschyanus, mentha spicata, artemisia sieberi, rosmarinus officinalis and heracleum persicum essential oils against pathogenic malassezia isolates.201626597143
comparison of lipid profiles of malassezia pachydermatis strains isolated from dogs with otitis externa and without clinical symptoms of disease.malassezia pachydermatis can cause infections of the skin and mucous membranes, especially in animals. it becomes a problem also in medicine. it is considered that metabolic disorders as well as hormonal and immunological status of the host promote diseases caused by m. pachydermatis. here we consider whether specific features of fungi could also favour infections. we checked whether there are differences in lipid profiles between strains obtained from dogs with otitis externa and strains obtain ...201626559663
clinical evaluation of an antiinflammatory and antioxidant diet effect in 30 dogs affected by chronic otitis externa: preliminary results.the aim of this evaluation study was to assess the possible role of a specific nutraceutical diet in relieving main clinical symptoms of chronic bilateral otitis externa (occlusion of ear canal, erythema, discharge quantity, and odor) in 30 adult dogs. thirty dogs of different breeds (mean age ± sem; 6.03 ± 0.15 years and mean weight ± sem; 32.01 ± 1.17 kg; 53.3% males, 46.6% females) with evident chronic clinical otitis symptoms were equally divided and randomly assigned to receive either the n ...201626743397
cryptic diversity of malassezia pachydermatis from healthy and diseased domestic animals.malassezia pachydermatis is part of the normal cutaneous microbiota of wild and domestic carnivores. however, under certain conditions this yeast can overproliferate and cause several diseases in its host, mainly otitis and dermatitis in dogs. the aim of this study was to conduct a molecular characterization of m. pachydermatis isolates from healthy and diseased domestic animals, in order to assess the molecular diversity and phylogenetic relationship within this species. the large subunit (lsu) ...201627283291
use of a modified hair strand test to assess the antifungal activity kinetics of dog hair after a 2% climbazole shampoo application.the "hair strand test" was first developed as a model to evaluate the antifungal activity of antidandruff shampoos.201627072515
biofilm production and antifungal susceptibility of co-cultured malassezia pachydermatis and candida parapsilosis isolated from canine seborrheic dermatitis.the yeasts malassezia (m.) pachydermatis and candida (c.) parapsilosis are often co-isolated in case of canine seborrhea dermatitis (sd) and also are emerging as opportunistic pathogens of immunocompromised human beings. increased information about how their relationship results in biofilm production and an antifungal response would be useful to inform treatment and control. this study was designed to investigate biofilm production derived from co-culture of m. pachydermatis and c. parapsilosis ...201626868903
traditional mediterranean plants: characterization and use of an essential oils mixture to treat malassezia otitis externa in atopic dogs.several plants extracts from mediterranean countries are traditionally employed in skin troubles both in humans and in animals. malassezia pachydermatis is a lipophylic yeast responsible for otitis externa and dermatitis in dogs and for cutaneous and systemic disease in humans. five mixtures of essential oils obtained from mediterranean plants (citrus paradisi, salvia sclarea, ocimum basilicum, rosmarinus officinalis, citrus limon, anthemis nobilis, lavandula hybrida and thymus vulgaris) provide ...201627917678
an epidemiological study of animals dermatomycoses in iran.to determine the fungal species isolated from skin lesions of different animals suspected of having dermatomycoses and their prevalence in different regions of iran.201627180290
malassezia pachydermatis fungemia in an adult with multibacillary leprosy.malassezia pachydermatis is a relatively rare agent of bloodstream infections. we describe an unusual case of malassezia fungemia in an adult patient hospitalized for staphylococcus aureus bacteremia who was also found to have multibacillary leprosy. treatment of the patient required extensive medical management but resulted in a good outcome.201627354932
serum malassezia-specific ige in dogs with recurrent malassezia otitis externa without concurrent skin disease.immediate-type hypersensitivity (ith), mediated by ige, to malassezia pachydermatis is recognized in atopic dogs with recurrent yeast dermatitis and otitis externa (oe). malassezia-associated oe commonly occurs in dogs without other signs of atopic dermatitis (ad). the aim of this study was to detect malassezia-specific ige in the sera of dogs with recurrent malassezia oe without concurrent skin disease. sera from healthy dogs were used for comparison. an fcεriα-based elisa was used to measure m ...201627288851
correlation between genetic variability and virulence factors in clinical strains of malassezia pachydermatis of animal origin.malassezia pachydermatis is a yeast belonging to the microbiota of the skin and mucous membranes of dog and cat, but it can also act as pathogen, causing dermatitis. the aim of this work was to evaluate the genetic variability of m. pachydermatis strains isolated from symptomatic dogs and cats and determine a correlation between genotype and phenotype. for this purpose eleven strains of m. pachydermatis were molecularly classified by nested-polymerase chain reaction (nested-pcr) based on its-1 a ...201627284984
malassezia species in healthy skin and in dermatological conditions.the genus malassezia comprises lipophilic species, the natural habitat of which is the skin of humans and other warm-blooded animals. however, these species have been associated with a diversity of dermatological disorders and even systemic infections. pityriasis versicolor is the only cutaneous disease etiologically connected to malassezia yeasts. in the other dermatoses, such as malassezia folliculitis, seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis, these yeasts have been suggested t ...201626710919
a pilot study comparing in vitro efficacy of topical preparations against veterinary pathogens.topical antimicrobial agents are important for the management of cutaneous infections. for topical antimicrobial agents, in vitro efficacy data are limited.201627109449
in vivo confocal microscopy for the detection of canine fungal keratitis and monitoring of therapeutic response.to describe in vivo corneal confocal microscopy of dogs during the clinical course of fungal keratitis and correlate findings with clinical evaluations and an ex vivo experimental canine fungal keratitis model.201626061232
thiamine antivitamins--an opportunity of therapy of fungal infections caused by malassezia pachydermatis and candida albicans.severe skin diseases and systemic fungaemia are caused by malassezia pachydermatis and candida albicans respectively. antifungal therapies are less effective because of chronic character of infections and high percentage of relapses. therefore, there is a great need to develop new strategies of antifungal therapies. we previously found that oxythiamine decreases proliferation of yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae), therefore we suggest that thiamine antivitamins can be considered as antifungal agen ...201626691773
genotyping and antifungal susceptibility testing of multiple malassezia pachydermatis isolates from otitis and dermatitis cases in pets: is it really worth the effort?a total of 216 colonies of malassezia pachydermatis from 28 cases of fungal otitis or dermatitis in pets were genotyped by m13 fingerprinting and tested for antifungal susceptibility. a huge genetic diversity was found (157 m13 types in total), with all animals having a polyclonal pattern of infection (5.4 ± 1.5 genotypes/sample). furthermore, analysis of molecular variance (amova) revealed that most genetic diversity (44%) was found at the within sample level. in contrast, variability in antifu ...201626333353
characterization of the species malassezia pachydermatis and re-evaluation of its lipid dependence using a synthetic agar medium.the genus malassezia includes lipophilic yeasts, which are part of the skin microbiota of various mammals and birds. unlike the rest of malassezia species, m. pachydermatis is described as non-lipid-dependent, as it is able to grow on sabouraud glucose agar (sga) without lipid supplementation. in this study we have examined the phenotypic variability within m. pachydermatis and confirmed its lipid-dependent nature using a synthetic agar medium. we used a selection of representative non-lipid-dep ...201728586389
assessment of in vitro inhibitory activity of hydrogen peroxide on the growth of malassezia pachydermatis and to compare its efficacy with commercial ear cleaners.otitis caused by malassezia pachydermatis is generally a common and recurrent disease in canine clinical pathology. the increased incidence of fungal resistant to antifungal in both humans and pets is a cause for concern and is associated with the indiscriminate use of antifungals. finding the most effective disinfectants and antifungals has become essential. to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity of hydrogen peroxide on the growth of m. pachydermatis and compare its efficacy with commerci ...201728557001
cold atmospheric pressure plasmas exhibit antimicrobial properties against critical bacteria and yeast species.cold atmospheric pressure plasmas (capps) have been used to sterilise implant materials and other thermally unstable medical products and to modify chemical surfaces. this study investigates the antimicrobial effect of the gas and input power used to generate capps on microorganisms causing skin infections, such as staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, candida albicans and malassezia pachydermatis.201728795887
fungi isolated from the excreta of wild birds in screening centers in pelotas, rs, brazil.the identification of the fungal species belonging to the healthy microflora in animals is a precondition for the recognition of pathological processes causing them. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of potentially pathogenic fungi in the feces of wild birds collected in screening centers. samples were collected from the feces of 50 cages with different species of birds. the samples were processed according to the modified method staib and the plates incubated at 32 °c for up ...201725351548
β-endorphin enhances the phospholipase activity of the dandruff causing fungi malassezia globosa and malassezia restricta.β-endorphin is known to stimulate phospholipase production by malassezia pachydermatis during canine dermatoses. the role of β-endorphin in malassezia infection in humans is not well studied. the present study compares the influence of β-endorphin on malassezia globosa and malassezia restricta isolated from patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis/dandruff (sd/d) and healthy controls. malassezia isolates (five each of the two species from patients and healthy controls) were grown on modified dixon's ...201727497434
molecular epidemiology of a malassezia pachydermatis neonatal unit outbreak.the non-lipid-dependent yeast malassezia pachydermatis is predominantly zoophilic but occasionally colonizes the human skin. this yeast caused an outbreak in a neonatal iintensive care unit (nicu). this study aimed to describe the molecular epidemiology of this m. pachydermatis outbreak. all the m. pachydermatis isolates collected at a french university hospital from january 2012 to april 2013 were included in the study. m. pachydermatis isolates, sampled from various biological samples sites in ...201728371911
the role of drug efflux pumps in malassezia pachydermatis and malassezia furfur defence against azoles.this study aims to evaluate the effect of efflux pump modulators (epms) on the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of fluconazole (flz) and voriconazole (vor) in malassezia furfur and malassezia pachydermatis. the in vitro efficacy of azoles, in combination with epms (ie haloperidol-hal, promethazine-ptz and cyclosporine a-cys), against 21 m. furfur from bloodstream infection patients and 14 m. pachydermatis from the skin of dogs with dermatitis, was assessed using a broth microdilution chequ ...201727774659
in vitro susceptibility testing of malassezia pachydermatis to gentamicin.two studies have observed that growth media containing gentamicin can inhibit the growth of the yeast organism malassezia pachydermatis. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of this bactericidal antibiotic for this organism has not been previously determined.201728251703
preservation of malassezia pachydermatis using skimmed milk as cryoprotective agent.this study evaluated the effect of skimmed milk as a cryoprotectant for the maintenance and long-term preservation of 70 malassezia pachydermatis strains. an initial suspension of each strain was prepared in sterile distilled water with skimmed milk. the most effective method was cryopreservation that ensured 100% viability for 2years.201727919790
highly efficient transformation system for malassezia furfur and malassezia pachydermatis using agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation.malassezia spp. are part of the normal human and animal mycobiota but are also associated with a variety of dermatological diseases. the absence of a transformation system hampered studies to reveal mechanisms underlying the switch from the non-pathogenic to pathogenic life style. here we describe, a highly efficient agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system for malassezia furfur and m. pachydermatis. a binary t-dna vector with the hygromycin b phosphotransferase (hpt) selection marke ...201728064034
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