Publications

parasite-specific antibody profile in human fascioliasis: application for immunodiagnosis of infection.	the antibody isotype response to an adult fasciola worm antigen preparation (fwap) was examined in sera from 60 egyptians with parasitologically confirmed fascioliasis by an elisa. the fwap-specific igg1 and igg4 antibodies were found in 97-100% of the patients. the ratio of the mean absorbance values between infected patients and healthy controls was 9.7 and 29.7 for igg1 and igg4 antibodies, respectively. the igm, iga, igg2, and igg3 antibodies were less dominant. in contrast to igg1 antibodie ...	1999	10586905
epidemiology of human ancylostomiasis among rural villagers in nanlin county (zhongzhou village), anhui province, china: age-associated prevalence, intensity and hookworm species identification.	hookworm infection has traditionally been highly endemic to anhui province, china. zhongzhou village in southwestern anhui was identified as an endemic focus of infection caused by the hookworm ancylostoma duodenale. this species was found to predominate over necator americanus in ratios ranging from 35:1 based on the recovery of third-stage infective larvae (l,) to 21:1 based on the recovery of adult hookworms after anthelmintic chemotherapy. the overall prevalence of ancylostoma infection in z ...	1999	10928362
[sequencing of cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene of ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus].	to identify the genetic diversity between ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus.	1999	12563786
[a case with ancylostoma duodenale larvae in ascitic acid].		2000	12567658
necatoriasis: treatment and developmental therapeutics.	two hookworm parasites, necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale, infect approximately one billion people worldwide. these hookworms are one of the leading causes of iron-deficiency anaemia especially in children, resulting directly from intestinal capillary blood loss following the feeding activities of fourth-stage (l(4)) larva and adult worms. if ignored, human hookworm infections can retard growth and the intellectual development of children. another clinical manifestation often associat ...	2000	11060728
albendazole: a review of anthelmintic efficacy and safety in humans.	this comprehensive review briefly describes the history and pharmacology of albendazole as an anthelminthic drug and presents detailed summaries of the efficacy and safety of albendazole's use as an anthelminthic in humans. cure rates and 0% egg reduction rates are presented from studies published through march 1998 both for the recommended single dose of 400 mg for hookworm (separately for necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale when possible), ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura, an ...	2000	11386684
epidemiology of human ancylostomiasis among rural villagers in nanlin county (zhongzhou village), anhui province, china: ii. seroepidemiological studies of the age relationships of serum antibody levels and infection status.	anti-hookworm antibody serologic responses were measured in residents of an anhui provincial chinese village where ancylostoma duodenale is the predominant hookworm. antibody responses were measured against either soluble infective third-stage larval (l3) or adult antigens. immunoglobulins of the igg class, especially igg4 correlated with both the prevalence and intensity of a. duodenale hookworm infections. in contrast, there was an inverse correlation with igm, but no correlation with iga or i ...	2000	11414422
helminthiasis and culture change among the cofán of ecuador.	blood and fecal samples and lifestyle interviews were obtained in august 1996 from two cofán villages in ecuador, dureno and zabalo, that are experiencing different degrees of acculturation. dureno's territory has been divided by roads and encroached upon by oil companies and colonists, whereas zabalo, 95 km downriver from dureno, is located in the cuyabeno fauna reserve, a protected area. this study examines how culture change affects the prevalence of parasitic infections. fecal samples were e ...	2000	11534038
hookworm burden reductions in balb/c mice vaccinated with recombinant ancylostoma secreted proteins (asps) from ancylostoma duodenale, ancylostoma caninum and necator americanus.	vaccination of mice with alum-precipitated recombinant ancylostoma secreted protein-1 from the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum (ac-asp-1) results in protection against a. caninum larval challenge. vaccine protection is manifested by host reductions in hookworm burden compared to control mice. the goal of this study was to determine whether asp antigens cloned and expressed from different hookworm species will cross protect against a. caninum larval challenge. cross-species protection against ...	2000	10590331
genes and genomes of necator americanus and related hookworms.	the human hookworms (necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale) infect over one billion people. the phylogenetic relationships of the human hookworms suggest independent acquisition of the human host. the hookworms probably have a haploid chromosome number n = 6, and an xx-xo sex determination mechanism is likely to be used. genetic and molecular research on hookworms is in its infancy, but several important genes and gene products have already been identified. of note are cathepsin genes, a ...	2000	10731559
efficacy of mebendazole in treatment of selected parasitoses--a retrospective study.	the efficacy of mebendazole was evaluated as a result of six-year experience in the treatment of patients of outpatients clinic and clinic of infectious, parasitic and tropical diseases in lódź. the treatment covered 6132 subjects infected with: ascaris lumbricoides, ancylostoma duodenale, trichiuris trichiura, enterobius vermicularis and echinococcus granulosus. nematode infections were diagnosed by coproscopic methods whereas echinococcosis with serologic tests and ultrasonographic examination ...	2000	16886363
t-lymphocyte subsets in patients with hookworm infection in zaria, nigeria.	peripheral lymphocyte subsets cd3, cd4, cd8 were studied using monoclonal antibodies to determine the mechanism of immunosuppression observed in an earlier study with total t-cells using the sheep erythrocyte rosetting technique. the study was carried out in 37 nigerian patients with hookworm infection (necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale and 17 healthy nigerians as controls. the leucocyte migration inhibition (lmi) test was also carried out to assess the functional integrity of the lym ...	2001	14510099
immune responses in hookworm infections.	hookworms infect perhaps one-fifth of the entire human population, yet little is known about their interaction with our immune system. the two major species are necator americanus, which is adapted to tropical conditions, and ancylostoma duodenale, which predominates in more temperate zones. while having many common features, they also differ in several key aspects of their biology. host immune responses are triggered by larval invasion of the skin, larval migration through the circulation and l ...	2001	11585781
species-specific identification of human hookworms by pcr of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i gene.	significant differences in the life histories of the human hookworms ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus necessitate their differentiation for epidemiological studies and the design of control programs. current methods of identification require time-consuming, labor-intensive techniques. a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based method that enables rapid species identification is described. the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase i genes of both species were sequenced, and species-specific p ...	2001	11695411
short report: prevalence of fecal encephalitozoon sp. spores among hospitalized patients in nepal.	during the months of june and july 1998, stool samples from 341 hospitalized patients (mean age, 32.7 +/- 16.3 years; range, 1-86 years) from kathmandu, nepal, were screened for the prevalence of encephalitozoon sp. by use of anti-encephalitozoon sp. monoclonal antibody 3b6-based immunofluorescence assay. the cross-sectional study revealed the presence of encephalitozoon spores in 0.6% (2 of 341) patients. by use of direct microscopic examination, 27% (93 of 341) of patients were diagnosed with ...	2001	11716130
towards the eradication of hookworm in an isolated australian community.	hookworm (ancylostoma duodenale) and other enteric parasites such as giardia and hymenolepis are common in aboriginal communities in northem australia, and their presence is associated with iron deficiency, anaemia, and failure to thrive. we report the outcome of a sustained, community-based control programme that used regular albendazole in one isolated community. whereas hookworm has been effectively controlled by the programme, no sustained effect on the prevalence of giardia and hymenolepis ...	2001	11253974
hookworm infections of schoolchildren in southern thailand.	a study of hookworm infections of schoolchildren was conducted in nakhon si thammarat province, southern thailand. of the 2,940 hookworms that were recovered from the children, almost all (99.9%), were necator americanus, only three (0.1%) were identified as ancylostoma duodenale, and all were female worms. an estimation of the worm burden of and the worm expulsion from the schoolchildren indicated there were 17 cases of light intensity hookworm infection. fifteen cases (88.2%) expelled worms in ...	2002	12693578
a comparative study of the intestinal parasites prevalent among children living in rural and urban settings in and around chennai.	a comparative analysis of the various intestinal parasites detected among children attending schools was carried out in a rural and urban location in and around chennai. a total of 324 stool samples were examined by routine microscopy using normal saline and lugol's iodine preparation as well as by saturated sodium chloride flotation technique. all suspicious samples were subjected to zinc sulphate concentration technique as well as modified ziehl neelson stain and trichrome stains to identify t ...	2002	12718339
the mitochondrial genomes of the human hookworms, ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus (nematoda: secernentea).	the complete mitochondrial genome sequences were determined for two species of human hookworms, ancylostoma duodenale (13,721 bp) and necator americanus (13,604 bp). the circular hookworm genomes are amongst the smallest reported to date for any metazoan organism. their relatively small size relates mainly to a reduced length in the at-rich region. both hookworm genomes encode 12 protein, two ribosomal rna and 22 transfer rna genes, but lack the atp synthetase subunit 8 gene, which is consistent ...	2002	11812491
an update on the geohelminths: ascaris lumbricoides, hookworms, trichuris trichiura, and strongyloides stercoralis.	geohelminths remain prevalent throughout the developing world where levels of sanitation, personal hygiene, and maternal education are low. the five species of nematodes responsible for the bulk of disease are ascaris lumbricoides, the hookworms ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus, trichuris trichiura, and strongyloides stercoralis. geohelminths are acquired through ingestion of fecally contaminated food or water or through contact with infected soil. in developing countries, infection ...	2002	11853658
long pcr-based amplification of the entire mitochondrial genome from single parasitic nematodes.	mitochondrial genome sequences provide useful markers for investigating population genetic structures because of their maternal inheritance and high evolutionary rates. there is, however, a paucity of information on mitochondrial genomes for many parasitic organisms, including nematodes, which appears to relate mainly to technical limitations and (for modestly funded laboratories) the cost associated with full mitochondrial genome sequencing. in this article, we describe a simple, relatively ine ...	2002	12270267
soil-transmitted nematode infections and mebendazole treatment in mafia island schoolchildren.	in august 2000, a cross-sectional study was performed to assess the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted nematode infections in schoolchildren on mafia island. hookworm infection was widespread (72.5% prevalence) whereas trichuris trichiura was less prevalent (39.7%) and ascaris lumbricoides was present at a low prevalence (4.2%), mainly in urban areas. in a subsample of the study population, both necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale were found, although n. americanus was more pr ...	2002	12537633
reduced risk of atopy among school-age children infected with geohelminth parasites in a rural area of the tropics.	childhood infections might protect against the expression of atopy. geohelminths are among the most prevalent infections of childhood and might contribute to the low prevalence of allergic disease reported from rural areas of the tropics.	2003	12743563
reducing burden of hookworm disease in the management of upper abdominal pain in the tropics.	a prospective study of the stool samples of 129 rural patients with symptoms of upper abdominal pain, tenderness and indigestion was carried out from 2 february 1998 to 31 december 1998 and followed up to june 1999. the age range was 11-85 years, female:male ratio 2.4:1: 102 specimens were positive for helminths--ancylostoma duodenale (hookworm) 80 (62%); trichuris trichuria (threadworm) 12 (9.3%); ascaris lumbricoides (large roundworm) 10 (7.76%); strongyloides stercoralis three (2.3%); taenia ...	2003	12870611
structure and organization of the mitochondrial genome of the canine heartworm, dirofilaria immitis.	this study determined the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence of the canine heartworm, dirofilaria immitis, and compared its structure, organization and other characteristics with onchocerca volvulus and other secernentean nematodes. the d. immitis mt genome is 13814 bp in size and contains 36 of the 37 genes typical of metazoan organisms, and lacks the atp synthetase subunit 8 gene. all of the genes are transcribed in the same direction. for the entire genome, the nucleotide contents ar ...	2003	12885187
[iron-deficiency anemia related to ancylostoma duodenale infection among ethiopian immigrants to israel].	among the diseases imported by the ethiopian immigrants to israel are many parasite infections. hookworm infections, caused by the nematodes necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale, involve the gastrointestinal tract, causing iron-deficiency anemia.	2003	14518163
intestinal parasitic infections in man: a review.	intestinal parasites of importance to man are enterobius vermicularis, the soil-transmitted helminthes (sth)--ascaris lumbricoides tricburis trichiura, bookworms (necator americans/ancylostoma duodenale) and strongyloides stercoralis and the protozoa entamoeba histolytica and giardia duodenalis. other protozoa such as cryptosporidium sp. and isopora sp. are becoming important in causing prolonged diarrhea in immunocompromised patients. it is estimated that almost 1 billion, 500 million and 900 m ...	2003	14569755
an epidemiological study of ancylostomiasis in a rural area of kanpur district uttar pradesh, india.	in this epidemiological study, stool samples were collected from 256 study subjects selected from seven villages of kanpur district, uttar pradesh, india. the average age of the study population was 21.6 years. the overall prevalence rate of hookworm infestation was found to be 34%. men had significantly higher rate of infestation at all ages. prevalence rates increased with ages as well. in addition, adult worms were collected from twelve subjects. all were identified as ancylostoma duodenale.	2003	15129854
relationship between bacille calmette-guérin vaccination, mantoux test positivity, and geohelminth infection.	to investigate the potential protective effects of bacille calmette-guerin (bcg) vaccination scar and sensitization to tuberculin against geohelminth infections, we conducted a cross-sectional study among school age children in rural communities in pichincha province in ecuador where bcg vaccination is routinely given at birth. a total of 944 children aged 8-14 years were evaluated for the presence of bcg scars and sensitization to tuberculin, and underwent faecal examination for geohelminth par ...	2003	15259485
a cross-sectional study of intestinal parasitic infections in a rural district of west china.	parasitic infections are widespread in rural areas of west china. the remote and humid environment, traditional ways of life, contaminated potable water and limited health services all contribute to the transmission and persistence of fecal parasites.	2003	18159450
ac-saa-1, an immunodominant 16 kda surface-associated antigen of infective larvae and adults of ancylostoma caninum.	a cdna encoding a surface-associated antigen was cloned from an ancylostoma caninum infective larvae (l(3)) cdna library by immunoscreening with pooled human immune sera. the sera were obtained from individuals living in an ancylostoma duodenale hookworm-endemic region of china, who had light intensity infections and high antibody titers against a. caninum l(3). ancylostoma caninum surface-associated antigen-1 is encoded by an 843 bp mrna with a predicted open reading frame of 162 amino acids. r ...	2004	15313130
infective larvae of the human hookworms necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale differ in their orientation behaviour when crawling on surfaces.	the infective third stage larvae of hookworms infect their hosts by active skin invasion, and they find and recognize their hosts by the behavioural phases of activation, directed crawling, and penetration. here we analyse the orientation of the infective larvae of the human hookworms necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale when crawling on surfaces. their behaviour differed from that of the larvae of the dog hookworm ancylostoma caninum, but the two species also differed from each other. n ...	2004	15614586
behavioural strategies used by the hookworms necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale to find, recognize and invade the human host.	the infective third-stage larvae of the hookworms necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale infect their human hosts by active skin invasion, but a. duodenale is in addition capable of oral infection. the behaviour of the larvae when crawling on surfaces has already been described. here we analyse in various in vitro systems the other behavioural invasion phases: activation, penetration, and orientation within the host. the larvae normally remained in a motionless, energy-saving, resting post ...	2004	15614587
[harmony in oncogenesis based on the evidence of the cytoarjic function: microoncozoa and results 1944-2004].	the importance of the external forms (images) to get the real ideas of any thing, as being the basis of human knowledge is discussed. if no image, the imagination gets up and hundred of creative ideas (good and wrong) arose. such happens in cancer research: too many theories and much darkness. then, i ask: why sponges, sharks and tortoises, e.g., have not change, nor mutate and neither transform in millions of years; meanwhile, cells of human breasts, lungs and prostate, e.g., can brake the rule ...	2004	15997587
[intestinal parasitosis in the asymptomatic subsaharian immigrant population. gran canaria 2000].	a prospective study has been conducted in order to known the prevalence and the type of intestinal parasitoses in a cohort of healthy subsaharian immigrants that reached gran canaria along the year 2000.	2004	14746755
common intestinal parasites.	intestinal parasites cause significant morbidity and mortality. diseases caused by enterobius vermicularis, giardia lamblia, ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus, and entamoeba histolytica occur in the united states. e. vermicularis, or pinworm, causes irritation and sleep disturbances. diagnosis can be made using the "cellophane tape test." treatment includes mebendazole and household sanitation. giardia causes nausea, vomiting, malabsorption, diarrhea, and weight loss. stool ova and paras ...	2004	15023017
arsenic-contaminated water and extent of acute childhood malnutrition (wasting) in rural bangladesh.	to investigate whether children's nutritional status, especially the extent of wasting [acute malnutrition as measured by weight-for-height z (whz) score] is associated with arsenic contamination of drinking water, a survey was carried out in two discrete rural areas located less than 30 km southeast and northeast of dhaka, the capital of bangladesh. 761 children between 7 and 14 years of age were randomly selected, one child per household. the arsenic concentration in the tube well water used b ...	2005	16308561
ancylostoma duodenale infection: a study of serum immunoglobulin g4 response to the excretory secretory antigen of adult worm.	the serum anti-ancylostoma duodenale immunoglobulin (ig) g4 antibody response to fraction iii of the partially purified excretory secretory antigen of adult worm (ad iii esa) was studied. the work included 60 patients with a. duodenale infection (gi), 40 patients with other parasitic infections (gii) and 30 apparently healthy parasite-free controls (giii). level of serum specific igg4 was measured by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and compared with serum specific igg, igg 1, 2 & 3 su ...	2005	15880990
polymerase chain reaction-based differential diagnosis of ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus infections in humans in northern ghana.	we evaluated a two-step semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based approach for the specific detection of ancylostoma duodenale dna in human faeces. the test was used to determine to what extent this species of hookworm is present in the regions of bolgatanga and garu of northern ghana. initially, the sensitivity and specificity of the pcr were tested using a range of well-defined control samples. subsequently, a total of 378 human faecal dna samples from bolgatanga and garu were subjecte ...	2005	15941421
hookworm infections in human and laboratory animals--differences and similarities in immune responses.	hookworm infection is one of the most important parasitic infections of humans. about 740 million people are infected with ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus in the tropics and subtropics. unlike most other human helminth infections, neither age nor exposure-related immunity develops in the majority of infected people. this review presents the contemporary knowledge concerning the immune response to this complex eukaryotic parasite, recent findings on the human cellular immune response ...	2005	16913526
the reflection of control programs of parasitic diseases upon gastrointestinal helminthiasis in dakahlia governorate, egypt.	the study area included mansoura city as an urban area and gogar village as a rural area. one thousand individuals were randomly selected from each area. different methods of stool examination, perianal swab and urine examination of all participants revealed that the incidence in mansoura city was in a descending order heterophyes heterophyes 6.4%; enterobius vermicularis 3.9%; hymenienolepis nana 2.2%; schistosoma mansoni 0.5%; trichostrongylus colubriftormis; strongyloides stercoralis and fasc ...	2006	16927862
colitis due to ancylostoma duodenale.	the larva of hookworm matures into the adult stage in the small intestine, causing chronic intestinal blood loss and iron-deficiency anemia. hookworm infestation of colon has not been reported previously. we report a 35-year-old man who presented with diarrhea with blood and mucus in stools. colonoscopy revealed several hookworms in the colon firmly adherent to the mucosa, with oozing of blood and surrounding mucosal erosions. he was treated with mebendazole and symptoms recovered completely.	2006	16974042
some epidemiological aspects of intestinal parasites in women workers before going abroad.	a study was conducted in jakarta on 903 women workers before going abroad through stool examination by ritchie's technical method. of the women workers studied, 640 subjects (70.87%) were found to be infected with intestinal parasites either helminthes, protozoa or combination. out of those infected, 451 (70.47%) subjects were infected with intestinal helminthes, namely ascaris lumbricoides (38.13%), trichuris trichiura (28.13%), a combination of necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale (13. ...	2006	17041558
pesticide and pathogen contamination of vegetables in ghana's urban markets.	the objective of the study was to determine and compare the current level of exposure of the ghanaian urban population to hazardous pesticide and fecal coliform contamination through the consumption of fresh vegetables produced in intensive urban and periurban smallholder agriculture with informal wastewater irrigation. a total of 180 vegetable samples (lettuce, cabbage, and spring onion) were randomly collected under normal purchase conditions from 9 major markets and 12 specialized selling poi ...	2006	16328619
intestinal parasitic infections among school children of the dhahira region of oman.	to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among primary school children in dhahira region of oman.	2006	16680250
differential diagnosis of trichostrongylus and hookworm eggs via pcr using its-1 sequence.	trichostrongylus eggs observed in cellophane-thick smears are difficult, in practice, to distinguish from hookworm eggs. in order to overcome these limitations, a molecular approach was conducted. a trichostrongylus colubriformis adult worm was obtained from a human in laos, which was identified morphologically. its-1 sequence of this worm was determined, and found to be most similar with that of t. colubriformis among the trichostrongylus spp. reported so far. then, this sequence was compared w ...	2007	17374982
characterization of beta-tubulin genes in hookworms and investigation of resistance-associated mutations using real-time pcr.	human hookworms (ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus) are a major cause of malnutrition and anemia, particularly in children, and high worm burdens can lead to stunted growth and mental retardation. mass drug administration (mda) with benzimidazole (bz) anthelmintics has the potential to greatly reduce morbidity and infection prevalence. however, such treatment strategies may apply significant selection pressure on resistance alleles. in several strongylid parasites of livestock, resistanc ...	2007	17850900
simultaneous detection and quantification of ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus, and oesophagostomum bifurcum in fecal samples using multiplex real-time pcr.	a multiplex real-time pcr was developed and evaluated for the simultaneous detection of ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus, and oesophagostomum bifurcum in fecal samples. using well-defined control samples (n = 150), known positive fecal samples (n = 50), and fecal samples from an area in ghana where human infections with all 3 nematode species are endemic (n = 339), the method proved to be highly specific and sensitive. cycle threshold (ct) values, reflecting parasite-specific dna load, ...	2007	17978072
parasites in patients with malabsorption syndrome: a clinical study in children and adults.	intestinal parasites not only cause diarrheal diseases but also significant malabsorption. literature on the role of parasites, such as intestinal coccidia and microsporidia in malabsorption syndrome is limited.	2008	17763958
hookworm vaccines.	hookworm infection caused by the soil-transmitted nematodes necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale is one of the most common parasitic infections worldwide. although not directly responsible for substantial mortality, it causes significant morbidity in the form of chronic anemia and protein malnutrition. current global control efforts based on periodic mass anthelmintic administration are unsustainable, and new control strategies must be developed. this review describes progress in the dev ...	2008	18171264
application of in vitro anthelmintic sensitivity assays to canine parasitology: detecting resistance to pyrantel in ancylostoma caninum.	resistance of the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum to anthelmintic therapy with pyrantel is an emerging problem in canine veterinary practice. detecting anthelmintic resistance in parasites of pets is problematic because traditional resistance-monitoring techniques used with livestock parasites, such as the faecal egg count reduction test, are often impractical for use in small animals. we used two field-collected isolates of a. caninum in an abbreviated critical trial to test their pyrantel ...	2008	18242867
controlling soil-transmitted helminthiasis in pre-school-age children through preventive chemotherapy.	pre-school age children account for 10%-20% of the 2 billion people worldwide who are infected with soil-transmitted helminths (sths): ascaris lumbricoides (roundworm), trichuris trichiura (whipworm), and ancylostoma duodenale/necator americanus (hookworms). through a systematic review of the published literature and using information collated at world health organization headquarters, this paper summarizes the available evidence to support the recommendation that pre-school children should be i ...	2008	18365031
evaluation of a rapid elisa technique for detection of circulating antigens of toxoplasma gondii.	to evaluate a modified rapid elisa method for detecting cag during toxoplasma gondii infection, we analyzed the specificity and sensitivity of the elisa method by using experimental toxoplasma infection in rabbits and also tested this method in human samples including 5428 serum, 548 cerebrospinal fluid and two breast milk samples. we prepared pcab, and used it for rapid one-step sandwich elisa testing in which an incubation time in the regular elisa procedure was omitted. this method detected c ...	2008	18402600
the complete mitochondrial genomes for three toxocara species of human and animal health significance.	studying mitochondrial (mt) genomics has important implications for various fundamental areas, including mt biochemistry, physiology and molecular biology. in addition, mt genome sequences have provided useful markers for investigating population genetic structures, systematics and phylogenetics of organisms. toxocara canis, toxocara cati and toxocara malaysiensis cause significant health problems in animals and humans. although they are of importance in human and animal health, no information o ...	2008	18482460
[tribendimidine enteric coated tablet in treatment of 1,292 cases with intestinal nematode infection--a phase iv clinical trial].	to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of tribendimidine in treatment of adult patients with intestinal nematode infections.	2008	18637576
spatial heterogeneity of parasite co-infection: determinants and geostatistical prediction at regional scales.	multiple parasite infections are widespread in the developing world and understanding their geographical distribution is important for spatial targeting of differing intervention packages. we investigated the spatial epidemiology of mono- and co-infection with helminth parasites in east africa and developed a geostatistical model to predict infection risk. the data used for the analysis were taken from standardised school surveys of schistosoma mansoni and hookworm (ancylostoma duodenale/necator ...	2009	19073189
an anticoagulant peptide from the human hookworm, ancylostoma duodenale that inhibits coagulation factors xa and xia.	a full-length cdna encoding an anticoagulant peptide, named adunap4, was cloned and identified from the human hookworm ancylostoma duodenale. adunap4 has 104 amino acids including a predicted 23-residue signal peptide and shows <or= 50% similarity with other known nematode anticoagulant protein/peptide (nap). adunap4 is extremely efficient at prolonging the activated partial thromboplastin time, and is an inhibitor of both fxa (k(i)=7.34+/-1.74 nm) and fxia (k(i)=42.45+/-3.25 nm). no fxia inhibi ...	2009	19446556
prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in a rural population in egypt, and its relation to socio-demographic characteristics.	a cross-sectional study was conducted in a village in menoufia governorate, egypt where the majority of people had individual trenches in the houses for sewage disposal with absence of public sewage system. out of 2292 stool samples 47.8% had at least a single infection. multiple infections occurred in 14.9%. entamoeba histolytica was 20%, e. coli 10%, giardia lamblia 10%, ascaris lumbricoides 27.31%, hymenolepis nana 2.96%, schistosoma mansoni 2.45% and ancylostoma duodenale 2.23%. males were s ...	2009	19621655
comparison of magnified endoscopic images of ancylostoma duodenale(hookworm) and anisakis simplex.		2009	19637119
systems metabolic effects of a necator americanus infection in syrian hamster.	hookworms (ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus) are blood-feeding intestinal nematodes that infect approximately 700 million people worldwide. to further our understanding of the systems metabolic response of the mammalian host to hookworm infection, we employed a metabolic profiling strategy involving the combination of (1)h nmr spectroscopic analysis of urine and serum and multivariate data analysis techniques to investigate the biochemical consequences of a n. americanus infection in ...	2009	19810771
[two cases of ancylostoma duodenale infection complicated with gastro-duodenal ulcer].		2009	20066979
intestinal parasites in children attending day care centers in jos, central nigeria.	it is estimated that 3 billion people world wide are infected with intestinal parasites. morbidity is highest amongst children; infestation causes a threat to the growth and development of the child. the study aims to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminthes in children attending day care centers in jos metropolis.	2010	20642093
[epidemiology of soil-transmitted nematode infections in central mountain area of hainan province].	the epidemiology of soil-transmitted intestinal nematodes were observed in the central mountain area without anti-helminthic therapy from 1986 to 2008. the results showed that the overall prevalence decreased from 96.4% in 1986 to 35.7% in 2008. the prevalence of ancylostoma duodenale, ascaris lumbricoides and trichuris trichiura decreased from 84.7%. 80.9%, 31.8% in 1986 to 32.5%, 0.3%, 4.2% in 2008, respectively. the proportion of light infection with ancylostoma duodenale, ascaris lumbricoide ...	2010	20666326
nutritional status, body composition, and intestinal parasitism among the mbyá-guaraní communities of misiones, argentina.	indigenous communities in argentina represent socially and economically neglected populations. they are living in extreme poverty and environmental degradation conditions. new information about health status and socio-environmental features is urgently needed to be applied in future sanitary policies. present study describes the nutritional status, body composition, and intestinal parasitism among mbyá-guaraní children from three communities in the misiones province. anthropometric parameters we ...	2010	19642206
small bowel parasitosis as cause of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding diagnosed by capsule endoscopy.	hookworm infection is a relatively common cause of anemia in endemic areas. however, it is rarely encountered in europe. in this report we describe the case of a 24-year old patient originating from an endemic area who was admitted due to severe anemia, with an hct of 15.6% and eosinophilia (eosinophils: 22.4%). while both esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy were non-diagnostic, capsule endoscopy revealed a large number of hookworms infesting his small bowel and withdrawing blood. the pat ...	2010	21173914
helminthic infections in school children in puducherry, south india.	intestinal parasites are widely prevalent in developing countries, probably due to poor sanitation and inadequate personal hygiene. it is estimated that as much as 60% of the world's population is infected with intestinal parasites, which may play a significant role in morbidity due to intestinal infections. this study was designed to estimate the prevalence of helminthic infections among school children in puducherry, south india.	2010	21291851
high throughput multiplex pcr and probe-based detection with luminex beads for seven intestinal parasites.	polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays for intestinal parasites are increasingly being used on fecal dna samples for enhanced specificity and sensitivity of detection. comparison of these tests against microscopy and copro-antigen detection has been favorable, and substitution of pcr-based assays for the ova and parasite stool examination is a foreseeable goal for the near future. one challenge is the diverse list of protozoan and helminth parasites. several existing real-time pcr assays for the ...	2011	21292910
incidence and risk factors of hookworm infection in a rural community of central thailand.	a cohort study to identify incidence and risk factors of hookworm infection was conducted in a rural community, central thailand from november 2005 to february 2007. stool specimens were examined for hookworm eggs using wet preparation, kato thick smear, and water-ethyl acetate sedimentation technique. the incidence rate of hookworm infection was 7.5/100 person-years. the independent risk factors for acquiring hookworm infection were barefoot walking (incidence rate ratio [irr] = 4.2, 95% confid ...	2011	21460016
assessment of the anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole in school children in seven countries where soil-transmitted helminths are endemic.	the three major soil-transmitted helminths (sth) ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura and necator americanus/ancylostoma duodenale are among the most widespread parasites worldwide. despite the global expansion of preventive anthelmintic treatment, standard operating procedures to monitor anthelmintic drug efficacy are lacking. the objective of this study, therefore, was to define the efficacy of a single 400 milligram dose of albendazole (alb) against these three sth using a standardized p ...	2011	21468309
proteomic analysis of secretory products from the model gastrointestinal nematode heligmosomoides polygyrus reveals dominance of venom allergen-like (val) proteins.	the intestinal helminth parasite, heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri offers a tractable experimental model for human hookworm infections such as ancylostoma duodenale and veterinary parasites such as haemonchus contortus. parasite excretory-secretory (es) products represent the major focus for immunological and biochemical analyses, and contain immunomodulatory molecules responsible for nematode immune evasion. in a proteomic analysis of adult h. polygyrus secretions (termed hes) matched to an ext ...	2011	21722761
prevention of soil-transmitted helminth infection.	soil-transmitted helminths (sths) form one of the most important groups of infectious agents and are the cause of serious global health problems. the most important sths are roundworms (ascaris lumbricoides), whipworms (trichuris trichiura) and hookworms (necator americanus or ancylostoma duodenale); on a global level, more than a billion people have been infected by at least one species of this group of pathogens. this review explores the general concepts of transmission dynamics and the enviro ...	2011	21731306
Necator americanus and helminth co-infections: further down-modulation of hookworm-specific type 1 immune responses.	Helminth co-infection in humans is common in tropical regions of the world where transmission of soil-transmitted helminths such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and the hookworms Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale as well as other helminths such as Schistosoma mansoni often occur simultaneously.	2011	21909439
prevalence and types of coinfections in sleeping sickness patients in kenya (2000/2009).	the occurrence of coinfections in human african trypanosomiasis (hat) patients was investigated using a retrospective data of hospital records at the national sleeping sickness referral hospital in alupe, kenya. a total of 31 patients, 19 males and 12 females, were diagnosed with hat between the years 2000 and 2009. the observed co-infections included malaria (100%), helminthosis (64.5%), typhoid (22.5%), urinary tract infections (16.1%), hiv (12.9%), and tuberculosis (3.2%). the species of helm ...	2011	21915184
a history of hookworm vaccine development.	the human hookworms necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale remain among the most common infections of humans in areas of rural poverty in the developing regions of the world, with an estimated 1 billion people infected with one or more of these parasites. herein, we review the nearly 100 years of research, development, animal testing, and fieldwork that have led to our current progress in recombinant hookworm vaccines. we begin with the identification of hookworm at the start of the 20th c ...	2011	22064562
parasites from human coprolites from mexico zoonotic and human parasites of inhabitants of cueva de los muertos chiquitos, rio zape valley, durango, mexico.	abstract we present the first reconstruction of the parasitoses among the people of the loma san gabriel culture, as represented by 36 coprolites excavated from the cueva de los muertos chiquitos in durango, mexico. the coprolites date to approximately 1,400-yr-ago. species identified based on eggs recovered include the trematode echinostoma sp., the tapeworms hymenolepis, and dipylidium caninum, and the nematodes ancylostoma duodenale, enterobius vermicularis, and trichuris trichiura. after ...	2011	22014000
enteric parasites in hiv-1/aids-infected patients from a northwestern são paulo reference unit in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era.	we describe the epidemiology of intestinal parasites in patients from an aids reference service in northeastern são paulo, brazil.	2011	22094707
gastrointestinal parasites of captive and free-roaming primates at the afi mountain primate conservation area in calabar, nigeria and their zoonotic implications.	a study on the gastrointestinal parasites among free-living and captive primates at the afi mountain, primate conservation area in calabar, nigeria was undertaken for the first time to ascertain their zoonotic implications. faecal samples were subjected to direct smear, floatation, quantitative estimation of helminth eggs (epg) and oocysts (opg), larval isolation and identification by modified baerman's technique and oocyst sporulation for specie identification. out of the 108 primates examined, ...	2011	22308652
identification and characterization of a serine protease inhibitor with two trypsin inhibitor-like domains from the human hookworm ancylostoma duodenale.	protease inhibitors play important roles in the parasitic nematodes' survival within their host, in the development and reproduction of the parasites. the present study described the isolation, identification, and characterization of a novel member of the ascaris family of serine protease inhibitors, designated adutil-1, from the human hookworm ancylostoma duodenale. adutil-1 is composed of a signal sequence and two trypsin inhibitor-like (til) domains, which showed the highest similarity with o ...	2011	20852886
short report: human trichostrongylus colubriformis infection in a rural village in laos.	in lahanam village, savannakhet province, laos, 125 of 253 villagers (49.4%) were found by fecal examination to harbor hookworm eggs. the eggs were heterogeneous in morphology and size, suggesting infections of mixed nematode species. to confirm the hookworm egg species, on a voluntary basis, 46 hookworm egg-positive participants were treated with albendazole, and post-treatment adult worms were collected from purged fecal samples. the common human hookworm was found in only 3 participants; 1 ca ...	2011	21212201
is anthelmintic resistance a concern for the control of human soil-transmitted helminths?	the major human soil-transmitted helminths (sth), ascaris lumbricoides, hookworms (necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale) and trichuris trichiura have a marked impact on human health in many parts of the world. current efforts to control these parasites rely predominantly on periodic mass administration of anthelmintic drugs to school age children and other at-risk groups. after many years of use of these same drugs for controlling roundworms in livestock, high levels of resistance have d ...	2011	24533260
hookworm virulence factors: making the most of the host.	hookworm disease from necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale affects approximately 700 million people, with n. americanus being the predominant species. unlike other pathogens (e.g., bacterial infections), where "virulence" is described in regards to acute pathogenesis and case-fatality, hookworms are well-evolved, multicellular parasites that establish long-term infections in their human hosts with a subtle and chronic, but insidious, pathogenesis, usually in the form of iron deficiency a ...	2012	23006854
prevalence of intestinal parasitosis among school children in baglung districts of western nepal.	this study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of intestinal parasites among school-going children of the baglung municipality from december 2010 to january 2011.	2012	22971852
determining soil-transmitted helminth infection status and physical fitness of school-aged children.	soil-transmitted helminth (sth) infections are common. indeed, more than 1 billion people are affected, mainly in the developing world where poverty prevails and hygiene behavior, water supply, and sanitation are often deficient. ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura, and the two hookworm species, ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus, are the most prevalent sths. the estimated global burden due to hookworm disease, ascariasis, and trichuriasis is 22.1, 10.5, and 6.4 million disabilit ...	2012	22951972
malaria and helminthic co-infection among hiv-positive pregnant women: prevalence and effects of antiretroviral therapy.	the impact of malaria on anemia and the interplay with helminths underline the importance of addressing the interactions between hiv/aids, malaria and intestinal helminth infections in pregnancy. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria-helminth dual infections among hiv positive pregnant mothers after 12 months of art. a cross sectional study was conducted on intestinal helminths and malaria dual infections among hiv-positive pregnant women attending antenatal health cen ...	2012	22940013
in vivo endoscopic imaging of ancylostomiasis-induced gastrointestinal bleeding: clinical and biological profiles.	little data are available regarding the association of ancylostomiasis with overt gastrointestinal bleeding. this 6-year retrospective study describes the clinical and biological profiles of unexpectedly identified ancylostomiasis in a 4-month-old baby and four adults; they presented with melena and were referred for urgent diagnostic gastrointestinal endoscopy, which confirmed numerous small intestine injuries with surrounding blood pools caused by ancylostoma duodenale worms. gastric erosions ...	2012	22869629
bilateral mooren's ulcer in a child secondary to helminthic infestation of the gastrointestinal tract.	to report an unusual association of bilateral mooren's ulcer in a child with helminthic infestation of gastrointestinal tract. a 6-year-old female presented with redness, watering and photophobia in left eye for 2 months and in right eye for 2 weeks. bcva was 20/200 in od and 20/400 os. superior peripheral corneal ulcer of 8 × 2 mm was present in the right eye and 8 × 3 mm perforated limbal corneal ulcer with staphyloma was present in the left eye. hemogram revealed microcytic hypochromic anemia ...	2012	22661075
real-time pcr demonstrates ancylostoma duodenale is a key factor in the etiology of severe anemia and iron deficiency in malawian pre-school children.	hookworm infections are an important cause of (severe) anemia and iron deficiency in children in the tropics. type of hookworm species (ancylostoma duodenale or necator americanus) and infection load are considered associated with disease burden, although these parameters are rarely assessed due to limitations of currently used diagnostic methods. using multiplex real-time pcr, we evaluated hookworm species-specific prevalence, infection load and their contribution towards severe anemia and iron ...	2012	22514750
overt gastrointestinal bleeding because of hookworm infection.	hookworm infection is a relatively common cause of anemia in endemic areas. the most common hookworm species are ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus. in this report we present a case of overt gastrointestinal bleeding because of hookworm infection. capsule endoscopy revealed many hookworms in the lumen of proximal jejunum where active bleeding was seen. the patient was successfully treated with albendazole.	2012	22449530
bacterial pore-forming proteins as anthelmintics.	crystal (cry) proteins are made by the gram-positive bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt). cry proteins are pore-forming proteins and are the most widely used biological insecticides in the world. our laboratory found some cry proteins are highly effective against a broad range of nematodes (roundworms). here, we discuss our results of cry protein activity against intestinal roundworms. both cry5b and cry21a have therapeutic activities against infections of the roundworm heligmosomoides polygyr ...	2012	22562659
intestinal parasitic infection in bhil tribe of rajasthan, india.	a total of 224 bhil tribal individuals (115 males and 109 females) of different age groups inhabiting tribal rural areas of udaipur district of rajasthan, india were investigated for the prevalence of intestinal parasitic (protozoan and helminths) infections. fresh stool samples of these tribal subjects were examined microscopically by direct wet smear with saline and 1 % lugol's iodine and formaline ether concentration. of these 116 (51.78 %) were found to be infected with diverse species of in ...	2012	24082517
opportunistic parasites in children with pneumococcal infection in greater cairo, egypt.	vaccination remains the primary preventive strategy in the elderly against streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza infections. however, the effectiveness of vaccines decreases with increasing age and among patients. this study evaluated the opportunistic parasites infecting vaccinated and non-vaccinated pneumococcal children. the result showed that invasive children (4%) had bacternrmid, septicemid and pneumococcal but no meningitis while the non-invasive ones (86%) had community acquired freunon ...	2012	23469649
gastrointestinal parasitic infection in diverse species of domestic ruminants inhabiting tribal rural areas of southern rajasthan, india.	a total of 415 adult domesticated ruminants, 130 cattle (bos taurus), 108 buffaloes (bubalus bubalis), 94 goats (capra hircus) and 83 sheep (ovis aries) inhabiting tribal rural areas of southern rajasthan, india were investigated for evidence of gastrointestinal protozoan and helminthic infections. in southern rajasthan humid ecosystem is predominant and has number of perennial freshwater bodies. fresh faecal samples of these animals were examined microscopically by direct wet smear with saline ...	2012	24431582
rapid detection and identification of human hookworm infections through high resolution melting (hrm) analysis.	hookworm infections are still endemic in low and middle income tropical countries with greater impact on the socioeconomic and public health of the bottom billion of the world's poorest people. in this study, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) coupled with high resolution melting-curve (hrm) analysis was evaluated for an accurate, rapid and sensitive tool for species identification focusing on the five human hookworm species.	2012	22844538
update on the mapping of prevalence and intensity of infection for soil-transmitted helminth infections in latin america and the caribbean: a call for action.	it is estimated that in latin america and the caribbean (lac) at least 13.9 million preschool age and 35.4 million school age children are at risk of infections by soil-transmitted helminths (sth): ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura and hookworms (necator americanus and ancylostoma duodenale). although infections caused by this group of parasites are associated with chronic deleterious effects on nutrition and growth, iron and vitamin a status and cognitive development in children, few co ...	2013	24069476
discrimination of gastrointestinal nematode eggs from crude fecal egg preparations by inhibitor-resistant conventional and real-time pcr.	diagnosis of gastrointestinal nematodes relies predominantly on coproscopic methods such as flotation, kato-katz, mcmaster or flotac. although flotac allows accurate quantification, many nematode eggs can only be differentiated to genus or family level. several molecular diagnostic tools discriminating closely related species suffer from high costs for dna isolation from feces and limited sensitivity since most kits use only small amounts of feces (<1 g). a direct pcr from crude egg preparations ...	2013	23620739
soil-transmitted helminth infection in south america: a systematic review and geostatistical meta-analysis.	the four common soil-transmitted helminth species-ascaris lumbricoides, trichuris trichiura, and the two hookworm species ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus-are endemic in south america, but their distribution, infection prevalence, and regional burden are poorly understood. we aimed to estimate the risk and number of people infected with a lumbricoides, t trichiura, and hookworm across south america.	2013	23562238
a novel, multi-parallel, real-time polymerase chain reaction approach for eight gastrointestinal parasites provides improved diagnostic capabilities to resource-limited at-risk populations.	diagnosis of gastrointestinal parasites has traditionally relied on stool microscopy, which has low diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. we have developed a novel, rapid, high-throughput quantitative multi-parallel real-time polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) platform. species-specific primers/probes were used for eight common gastrointestinal parasite pathogens: ascaris lumbricoides, necator americanus, ancylostoma duodenale, giardia lamblia, cryptosporidium spp., entamoeba histolytica, trichu ...	2013	23509117
relationship between carotid intima media thickness and helminth infections on flores island, indonesia.	to examine the association between helminth infections and atherosclerosis.	2013	23365679
evaluation of real-time pcr for strongyloides stercoralis and hookworm as diagnostic tool in asymptomatic schoolchildren in cambodia.	diagnosis of soil-transmitted helminths such as strongyloides stercoralis and hookworms (ancylostoma duodenale and necator americanus) is challenging due to irregular larval and egg output in infected individuals and insensitive conventional diagnostic procedures. sensitive novel real-time pcr assays have been developed. our study aimed to evaluate the real-time pcr assays as a diagnostic tool for detection of strongyloides spp. and hookworms in a random stool sample of 218 asymptomatic schoolch ...	2013	23298731
occurrence, removal and accumulation in sludge of protozoan cysts and helminth eggs in a full-scale anaerobic pond in burkina faso.	the present paper investigates the occurrence, removal, and accumulation of protozoan cysts and helminth eggs in a large anaerobic pond treating municipal wastewater of ouagadougou (burkina faso). with a hydraulic retention time of 6.5 days, the anaerobic pond achieved 100% removal of helminth eggs and protozoan cysts most of the time, except during the hot period. the average residual concentrations of helminth eggs and protozoan cysts in the effluent were respectively 0.45 eggs/l (minimum 0 an ...	2013	23128639