Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| ph-induced alterations in the fusogenic spike protein of semliki forest virus. | the spike glycoproteins of semliki forest virus mediate membrane fusion between the viral envelope and cholesterol-containing target membranes under conditions of mildly acidic ph (ph less than 6.2). the fusion reaction is critical for the infectious cycle, catalyzing virus penetration from the acidic endosome compartment. to define the role of the viral spike glycoproteins in the fusion reaction, conformational changes in the spikes at acid ph were studied using protease digestion and binding a ... | 1985 | 3905823 |
| transcription and translation of foreign genes in bacillus subtilis by the aid of a secretion vector. | expression levels of bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase, escherichia coli tem-beta-lactamase, and semliki forest virus glycoprotein e1 genes were compared in bacillus subtilis. all three model genes were expressed by using a secretion vector, constructed by joining the b. amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase promoter and signal sequence with plasmid pub110 (i. palva, m. sarvas, p. lehtovaara, m. sibakov, and l.kääriäinen, proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a. 79:5582-5586, 1982). when transformed b. su ... | 1985 | 3920200 |
| secretion of semliki forest virus membrane glycoprotein e1 from bacillus subtilis. | the gene coding for the semliki forest virus (sfv) membrane protein e1 was joined to a secretion vector containing the promoter and signal sequence regions of the alpha-amylase gene from bacillus amyloliquefaciens. to facilitate secretion, the regions coding for the n-terminal signal peptide (the 6k protein) and the c-terminal hydrophobic transmembrane domain of the e1 gene were deleted. after transformation into b. subtilis, e1 was shown by immunoblotting to be expressed at a low level (about 0 ... | 1985 | 3920841 |
| determination of inhibitory concentrations of antiviral agents in cell culture by use of an enzyme immunoassay with virus-specific, peroxidase-labeled monoclonal antibodies. | an enzyme immunoassay (eia) to determine 50% inhibitory concentrations of drugs which suppress semliki forest virus replication is described. inhibition of virus replication was measured in l-cells, seeded as monolayers in 96-well plates by use of horseradish peroxidase-labeled monoclonal antibodies directed against the e1 glycoprotein of semliki forest virus. the antiviral agents tested were cycloheximide, tunicamycin, nh4cl, and disodium cromoglycate. the 50% inhibitory concentration of these ... | 1985 | 3925876 |
| changes in glycosylation of rubella virus envelope proteins during maturation. | tunicamycin treatment of radioactively labelled infected vero cells followed by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels showed that the mol. wt. of the putative polypeptide backbones of gp59(e1) and gp43(e2), the intracellular counterparts to the envelope proteins e1 and e2 of rubella virus, were 53000 and 34000, respectively. two possible intermediates in the glycosylation of gp43(e2) were also identified. [3h]mannose-labelled e1, e2, gp59(e1) and gp43(e2) were digested with pronase and the glyc ... | 1985 | 3968538 |
| acute phase response of serum amyloid a protein and c reactive protein to the common cold and influenza. | c reactive protein (crp) and serum amyloid a protein (saa) are sensitive and rapid acute phase reactants, and their measurement for monitoring inflammatory disease and assessing the prognosis in secondary amyloidosis is gaining widespread acceptance. the changes in these proteins in eight subjects suffering from natural colds, 15 subjects with experimentally induced colds (rhinoviruses e1, 3, 9, 14, or 31), and eight with experimentally induced influenza (a/eng/40/83) were studied. saa concentra ... | 1985 | 3973057 |
| antibody response to individual rubella virus proteins in congenital and other rubella virus infections. | serum samples from patients with various forms of rubella virus infection were tested for antibodies to each of three viral structural proteins by radioimmunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. in most sera antibody to e1 protein was the predominant species. sera from patients with congenital rubella syndrome, however, contained significantly more e2 antibody relative to e1 antibody than did sera from other rubella patients. | 1985 | 3980696 |
| genetic and antigenic variations among geographical isolates of sindbis virus. | the genetic and antigenic variation in 12 sindbis (sin) virus isolates from four zoogeographic regions (paleoarctic, ethiopian, oriental and australian) has been examined at a molecular level. rnase t1 oligonucleotide fingerprinting of genomic rna from sin isolates revealed that the primary structure of the rna from viruses from each zoogeographic region was unique. the e1 and e2 glycoproteins and the capsid protein of two isolates from each zoogeographic region were compared by tryptic peptide ... | 1985 | 3981136 |
| properties of rat cells transformed by dna plasmids containing adenovirus type 12 e1 dna or specific fragments of the e1 region: comparison of transforming frequencies. | in this paper, we describe for the first time the transformation of normal rat cells by dna equivalent to adenovirus type 12 early region 1 (e1a). this dna was 30-fold less efficient at transformation than dna encoding the entire e1 region. those established lines expressing a full complement of adenovirus type 12 e1 proteins were phenotypically indistinguishable from adenovirus type 12 virus-transformed cell lines. however, cell lines produced by plasmids carrying subgenomic fragments of e1 dna ... | 1985 | 3986802 |
| effects of monovalent cations on semliki forest virus entry into bhk-21 cells. | infection of mammalian cells with semliki forest virus requires the endocytosis of the virus, its delivery to prelysosomal endosomes, and fusion of the viral envelope with the endosome membrane. previous studies have indicated that the low endosomal ph triggers a conformational change in the viral spike glycoproteins rendering them fusogenic. in this paper, we demonstrate an additional factor(s) which regulates virus fusion in endosomes. we found that semliki forest virus is unable to penetrate ... | 1985 | 3988769 |
| selective reactivity of antibodies to human immunoglobulins g, m, and a with rubella virus proteins. | proteins of purified rubella virus were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, transferred to nitrocellulose, and immunoblotted with human sera and immunoglobulin class heavy-chain-specific peroxidase conjugates. the levels of rubella antibodies in these sera were predetermined by the radial hemolysis test, the density gradient centrifugation method for immunoglobulin m (igm) antibodies, and igg-, igm-, and iga-specific enzyme immunoassays. in immunoblotting, rub ... | 1985 | 3998114 |
| a model of the structural organization of rubella virions. | rubella virus contains three major structural polypeptides designated e1, e2, and c with molecular weights of 62,000, 47,000-54,000 (a complex), and 38,000, respectively, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reduced conditions. limited-digest peptide maps confirm that each of these polypeptides is distinct and the e2 is a series of three closely related glycopolypeptides. both e1 and e2 are glycosylated and covalently incorporate [3h]palmitic acid. enz ... | 1985 | 4001720 |
| molecular and antigenic characteristics and synthesis of rubella virus structural proteins. | the molecular and antigenic properties and synthesis of the structural proteins as well as the virus-specific rnas of rubella virus were analyzed. virions contain three major polypeptides--e1 (relative molecular weight [mr] 58,000), e2 (mr 42,000-47,000), and c (mr 33,000). e1 and e2 are glycosylated and located externally on the viral membrane. c is associated with the genomic rna to form the nucleocapsid. e2 occurs in two forms, e2a and e2b; the protein moieties of the two are indistinguishabl ... | 1985 | 4001721 |
| structure and function of the rubella virus proteins. | rubella virus strain hpv-77 contains three structural polypeptides. the nucleocapsid is constructed with the c polypeptide chain, which has a molecular weight of 30,000. the envelope proteins are constructed with two glycopolypeptides; the e1 glycopolypeptide has a molecular weight of 63,000, and the e2 glycopolypeptide has a molecular weight of 45,000-48,000. the nucleocapsid capsomere is approximately 6.2s, has a molecular weight of 130,000, and consists of two disulfide-linked dimers of the c ... | 1985 | 4001722 |
| virus persistence in groundwater. | more than 50% of the outbreaks of waterborne disease in the united states are due to the consumption of contaminated groundwater. an estimated 65% of the cases in these outbreaks are caused by enteric viruses. little, however, is known about the persistence of viruses in groundwater. the purpose of this study was to determine whether measurable chemical and physical factors correlate with virus survival in groundwater. groundwater samples were obtained from 11 sites throughout the united states. ... | 1985 | 4004211 |
| in vitro synthesis of the gene coding for the glycoprotein e1 of sindbis virus. | ds cdna of the 42s virionic rna of sindbis virus has been synthesized and cloned in the plasmid pbr 322. restriction map analysis and hybridization studies show that two clones cover the 3' end non coding region of the rna, the whole membrane glycoprotein e1 and a peptide of mw 6,000 daltons. the use of these clones in experiments of gene expression in mammalian cell is discussed. | 1985 | 4010526 |
| properties of monoclonal antibodies against glycoproteins of western equine encephalitis virus. | to analyze the biological activities of the alphavirus glycoproteins, eight different monoclonal antibodies against the two glycoproteins of western equine encephalitis virus were isolated. five of the eight monoclonal antibodies were shown to be specific for e1 and three for e2 protein by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by radioimmunoprecipitation. three of the five anti-e1 and all of the anti-e2 monoclonal antibodies inhibited hemagglutination by purified virions. one anti-e1 and two ... | 1985 | 4020970 |
| expression of sindbis virus structural proteins via recombinant vaccinia virus: synthesis, processing, and incorporation into mature sindbis virions. | we have obtained a vaccinia virus recombinant which contains a complete cdna copy of the 26s rna of sindbis virus within the thymidine kinase gene of the vaccinia virus genome. this recombinant constitutively transcribed the sindbis sequences throughout the infectious cycle, reflecting the dual early-late vaccinia promoter used in this construction. the sindbis-derived transcripts were translationally active, giving rise to both precursor and mature structural proteins of sindbis virus, includin ... | 1985 | 4032536 |
| pattern of glycosylation of sindbis virus envelope proteins synthesized in hamster and chicken cells. | the tryptic glycopeptides of the sindbis virus envelope glycoproteins e1 and e2 grown in bhk and chick cells were purified by gel filtration followed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. each of the purified glycopeptides was analyzed by n-terminal sequencing to identify from which of the potential glycosylation sites it was derived. the type of oligosaccharide chain attached to each glycopeptide was determined from gel filtration analysis of the pronase-digested glycopeptides, and the relati ... | 1985 | 4060569 |
| production of lymphokines and interferon by immune cells involved in recovery of mice from herpes simplex virus type 2 hepatitis. | adoptive transfer of spleen cells from mice 4 days after infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) reduced the virus titer in the liver of recipient mice infected 24 h before transfer. macrophage chemotactic factor (cf) and macrophage migration inhibition factor (mif) were produced by day 3 of infection in spleen cell cultures stimulated with hsv-2, but not with control antigen, i.e. 1 day before the cells are active in adoptive transfer. interferon was produced in cultures established ... | 1985 | 2408997 |
| enzyme immunoassay of interferon with peroxidase-labelled virus-specific monoclonal antibodies. | to quantify the antiviral effect of interferon (ifn) we applied a mixture of two horseradish peroxidase-labelled monoclonal antibodies, specific for the e1 glycoprotein of semliki forest virus, in a direct enzyme immunoassay. this assay is suitable for detection of virus replication in l-cells, seeded as monolayers in 96-well plates. inhibition of absorbance values caused by ifn was determined in a flow titertek multiskan. three ifn samples from different sources were titrated simultaneously in ... | 1985 | 2409224 |
| alphavirus neurovirulence: monoclonal antibodies discriminating wild-type from neuroadapted sindbis virus. | wild-type sindbis virus strain ar339 (sv) and a neurovirulent mutant (nsv), derived by neonatal and weanling mouse brain passage, both cause acute fatal encephalitis in neonatal mice, but nsv alone kills adult mice. nsv cannot be distinguished from sv by immune sera or simple biochemical tests. to localize the molecular changes associated with neuroadaptation, we used a new array of 30 anti-sv monoclonal antibodies to probe for differences between sv and nsv in four tests: immunoprecipitation, e ... | 1985 | 2411947 |
| antigenic variation among murine coronaviruses: evidence for polymorphism on the peplomer glycoprotein, e2. | a panel of 28 monoclonal antibodies (mab) against the structural proteins of murine hepatitis virus-4, strain jhm (mhv-4) was used in three antigen binding assays to determine the extent of antigenic homology among six strains of murine coronaviruses. the antigenic determinants studied were highly conserved on the e1 glycoproteins and nucleocapsid (n) proteins of all strains tested. in contrast, antigenic polymorphism was observed among the e2 glycoproteins. of three previously described antigen ... | 1985 | 2412363 |
| biochemical and biological characteristics of epitopes on the e1 glycoprotein of western equine encephalitis virus. | antigenic determinants identified by monoclonal antibodies (mabs) on the e1 glycoprotein of western equine encephalitis (wee) virus have been characterized by their serological activity, requirements for secondary structure, expression on the mature virion, and their role in protecting animals from wee virus challenge. on the basis of a cross-reactivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and hemagglutination inhibition assay, eight antigenic determinants (epitopes) on the e1 glycoprotein ... | 1985 | 2414904 |
| detailed immunologic analysis of the structural polypeptides of rubella virus using monoclonal antibodies. | a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies prepared against rubella virus is described. fourteen of these monoclonal antibodies react with the e1 glycoprotein of rubella virus and define a total of six spacially separate epitopes in competitive inhibition assays. antibodies binding to epitopes e1(a), e1(b), e1(c), or e1(e) inhibit the hemagglutinin function of the virus, while antibodies binding to epitopes e1(d) or e1(f) do not. monoclonal antibodies binding to epitopes e1(c) or e1(d) prevent viru ... | 1985 | 2414908 |
| e1 glycoprotein of rubella virus carries an epitope that binds a neutralizing antibody. | we identified by immunoprecipitation and western blot analysis, using a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes rubella virus, that e1 glycoprotein carries an epitope linked with neutralization. glycosidase treatment of virus does not prevent blotting of this monoclonal antibody with the e1 glycoprotein, dissociating this epitope from the hemagglutination epitope which is linked with the oligosaccharide side chains. we also investigated by western blot analysis human serum reactivity toward e1 glyc ... | 1985 | 2422194 |
| epitope-specific antibody response to murine hepatitis virus-4 (strain jhm). | monoclonal hybridoma antibodies to the structural proteins of murine hepatitis virus-4, strain jhm (mhv-4) were used in a competition binding enzyme immunoassay to analyze at the epitope level the antibody response of mice after infection with mhv-4. colonized mice often had pre-existing mhv antibodies directed against epitopes on the e2 glycoprotein, the e1 glycoprotein, and the nucleocapsid protein. these mice generated a secondary antibody response after virus inoculation, reaching peak level ... | 1985 | 2578156 |
| monoclonal antibodies directed to e1 glycoprotein of rubella virus. | we have prepared four monoclonal antibodies to rubella virus e1 glycoprotein. three nonoverlapping antigenic sites were delineated on e1 protein by competitive binding assays. antibodies binding to one site were characterized by high hemagglutination inhibition (hi) titer but poor neutralizing activity. the addition of antiglobulin conferred neutralizing activity. antibodies directed to two other antigenic sites had modest hemolysis inhibition but little or no hi and neutralizing activities. the ... | 1985 | 2578781 |
| three intergenic regions of coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 genome rna contain a common nucleotide sequence that is homologous to the 3' end of the viral mrna leader sequence. | cdna clones that represent various portions of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 genome rna have been constructed. cdnas were synthesized by transcription of genome rna by using either oligo(dt) or random oligomers of calf thymus dna as primers. these cdnas were converted into double-stranded dna and cloned into pbr322 by standard techniques. the resulting cloned viral dna fragments were mapped to viral genes by hybridization with northern blots of intracellular rna from mouse hep ... | 1985 | 2983094 |
| structure and transcription of human papillomavirus sequences in cervical carcinoma cells. | dna of human papillomavirus (hpv) types 16 and 18 has been found closely associated with human genital cancer, supporting the concept that members of this virus group are key factors in the aetiology of genital cancer. hpv 18 dna sequences were also detected in cell lines derived from cervical cancer. we have now analysed these cell lines, hela, c4-1 and 756, for the structural organization and transcription of the hpv 18 genome and we find that the hpv 18 dna is integrated into the cellular gen ... | 1985 | 2983228 |
| laminated cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum induced by coronavirus mhv-a59 infection. | the infection of murine fibroblasts of the sac- line with a coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 (mhv-a59), results in a novel modification to some cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rer). from 8 hours post infection (h.p.i.) we see in thin sections pairs of cisternae closely, stably and uniformly aligned. serial sectioning shows that the regions of pairing or lamination extend for many thousands of nm in two dimensions, with the spacing between the juxtaposed membranes remai ... | 1985 | 2983995 |
| signal recognition particle-dependent insertion of coronavirus e1, an intracellular membrane glycoprotein. | the membrane insertion of the e1 protein of a coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus a59, was studied in a wheat germ cell-free translation system. e1 is a transmembrane protein spanning the lipid bilayer several times. it is synthesized without a cleavable signal sequence, localized intracellularly, and not transported to the cell surface. it thus represents a model intracellular protein. we found that the synthesis of e1 is specifically and stably blocked by the addition of signal recognition part ... | 1985 | 2985561 |
| effect of virus-induced destruction of villous epithelium on intestinal secretion induced by heat-stable escherichia coli enterotoxins and prostaglandin e1 in swine. | villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia were induced in the jejunal epithelium of thirteen 3-week-old pigs by inoculation with transmissible gastroenteritis virus. the responses (changes in net fluid movement) induced in ligated intestinal loops of these pigs by intraloop injections of prostaglandin e1 (pge1) or escherichia coli broth culture filtrates containing either or both e coli heat-stable enterotoxins (sta and stb) were compared with the responses induced by these preparations in littermat ... | 1985 | 2986497 |
| human papillomavirus type 16 dna sequence. | the complete nucleotide sequence of hpv16 dna (7904 bp) cloned from an invasive cervical carcinoma was determined. homology comparisons allowed us to align the major open reading frames with the other published papilloma virus dna sequences. the general organization of the open reading frames is similar to that of the other four papillomavirus (bpv1, hpv1a, hpv6b, crpv) already sequenced. the sequence reveals an interruption of the reading frame coding for a suspected e1 protein. | 1985 | 2990099 |
| infection of att20 murine pituitary tumour cells by mouse hepatitis virus strain a59: virus budding is restricted to the golgi region. | att20 cells, a line of murine pituitary tumour cells that secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth), have been infected with the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 (mhv-a59). between 5% and 10% of att20 cells are susceptible to the infection. unlike infections of fibroblastic sac- and 17cl 1 cells, the infection of att20 cells does not lead to cell fusion, despite the production of the fusogenic e2 viral spike glycoprotein. within infected att20 cells the second viral envelope glycopr ... | 1985 | 2992976 |
| hazelhurst-vesicular-stomatitis-virus g and sindbis-virus e1 glycoproteins undergo similar host-cell-dependent variation in oligosaccharide processing. | we have examined and compared the host-cell-dependent glycosylation of the g glycoprotein of vesicular-stomatitis virus (hazelhurst strain) and the e1 and e2 glycoproteins of sindbis virus replicated by baby-hamster kidney, chicken-embryo fibroblast and mouse l929 monolayer cell cultures. the results of endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase h digestion of viral proteins labelled with [3h]mannose or leucine and pronase-digested glycopeptides labelled with [3h]mannose indicated that both the g protein ... | 1985 | 2994631 |
| competitive enzyme immunoassays for the rapid detection of antibodies to feline infectious peritonitis virus polypeptides. | monoclonal antibodies specific for the envelope (e1), peplomer (e2), and nucleocapsid (n) polypeptides of feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) were used in rapid, competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) to study the humoral immune response of cats to fipv infection. results from the competitive elisas were correlated with those from immunofluorescent antibody assays (ifas) on 203 samples obtained from 64 individual cats. the ifa results correlated best with those obtained wi ... | 1985 | 2995437 |
| transformation of human 143 tk- cells with plasmids containing the gene encoding the adenovirus dna-binding protein. | human cell lines that contain and express the gene encoding the adenovirus type 5 dna-binding protein (ad5 dbp) are very useful for the isolation of adenovirus mutants with an altered dbp. in order to obtain these cells, human 143 tk- cells were transfected, using the calcium phosphate technique, with plasmids containing the ad5 dbp gene and the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (hsv tk) gene as a selectable marker. characterization of several tk+ transformants revealed that these cells did ... | 1985 | 2997373 |
| effect of tunicamycin on the development of the cytopathic effect in sindbis virus-infected avian fibroblasts. | in sindbis virus-infected avian cells the development of the cytopathic effect is correlated with the disruption of plasma membrane function. sindbis virus inhibits the activity of the na+k+atpase, a membrane-associated enzyme complex which regulates intracellular monovalent cation levels. tunicamycin, which blocks envelope protein glycosylation, prevents inhibition of na+k+atpase activity and the development of morphological changes in sindbis virus-infected cells. although inhibition of na+k+a ... | 1985 | 2998024 |
| difference in sensitivity to interferon among mouse hepatitis viruses with high and low virulence for mice. | mouse hepatitis viruses (mhv) of different virulence for mice were studied with respect to interferon (ifn) sensitivity. the growth of low-virulent mhv-s and intermediately virulent mhv-jhm was significantly suppressed in ifn-treated l cells compared with untreated cells. however, a comparable suppression of the growth of highly virulent mhv-2 was not observed in ifn-treated cells. this differential effect of ifn treatment could also be demonstrated at the level of viral mrna and viral proteins. ... | 1985 | 2998070 |
| the effects of processing inhibitors of n-linked oligosaccharides on the intracellular migration of glycoprotein e2 of mouse hepatitis virus and the maturation of coronavirus particles. | we have studied the effects of tunicamycin and inhibitors of the processing of n-linked glycans including n-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin, castanospermine, mannodeoxynojirimycin, and swainsonine on the transport of glycoprotein e2 and the intracellular maturation of the coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus a59. indirect immunofluorescence staining with monoclonal antibodies revealed that glycoprotein e2 exhibits different antigenic properties depending on the presence and on the structure of the n-link ... | 1985 | 2999142 |
| proteolytic cleavage of the e2 glycoprotein of murine coronavirus: host-dependent differences in proteolytic cleavage and cell fusion. | cell fusion induced by infection with mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 (mhv-a59) varied markedly in extent and time course in four different murine cell lines. when inoculated at a multiplicity of 3 to 5 pfu per cell, the sac-, l2, and dbt cell lines began to fuse by 7 h, were fused into confluent syncytia by 9 to 12 h, and peeled from the substrate by 10 to 14 h. these virulent virus-cell interactions were in striking contrast to the moderate interaction of mhv-a59 with the 17 cl 1 cell line, i ... | 1985 | 2999444 |
| antiviral effect of 1-morpholinomethyl-tetrahydro-2(1h)-pyrimidinone (dd-13) in experimental alphaviral infections in white mice. | 1-morpholinomethyl-tetrahydro-2(1h)-pyrimidinone (dd-13), a selective inhibitor of the alphaviral reproduction in vitro, manifests a pronounced antiviral activity in experimental infections with semliki forest virus (sfv) and sindbis virus in white mice (intraperitoneally inoculated with 10-10 000 ld50). introduced subcutaneously in mice infected with sfv the compound was effective within the dose range of 4.7-300 mg/kg. the effective dose (ed)50 value of dd-13 is about 18.7 mg/kg and the maximu ... | 1985 | 3000394 |
| development of a helper-independent human adenovirus vector and its use in the transfer of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene. | approximately 2 kilobases (kb) of additional dna can be packaged into wild-type virions of human adenovirus type 5 (ad5). to extend this limit, a helper independent ad5 cloning vector was constructed by deleting most of early region 3 (e3) from map coordinates 78.5 to 84.7 and essentially all of early region 1 (e1) from coordinates 1.0 to 10.6. e3 is nonessential for adenovirus replication in cultured cells, and e1 is nonessential when the virus is propagated in 293 cells which constitutively ex ... | 1986 | 3001349 |
| revertants of ha-musv-transformed mdck cells express reduced levels of p21 and possess a more normal phenotype. | four subclones of the originally cloned harvey murine sarcoma virus-transformed madin darby canine kidney (mdck) cells have been isolated. these subclones fall into two general classes. two subclones have a fibroblastic morphology, have lost the growth requirement for prostaglandin e1 (pge1), do not respond to glucagon or vasopressin, and, in general, appear transformed. two other subclones have epithelioid morphologies, are growth-stimulated by pge1, respond to vasopressin with an increase in i ... | 1986 | 3002821 |
| characterization and translation of transmissible gastroenteritis virus mrnas. | three protein species were identified in purified transmissible gastroenteritis virus particles (strain purdue). they are thought to represent constituents of the peplomer (e2; molecular weights of 280,000 and 240,000), the envelope (e1; molecular weights of 28,000, 31,500, and 33,000), and the nucleocapsid (n; molecular weight of 48,000). in infected cells, proteins with molecular weights of 195,000 (e2), 48,000 (n), and 28,000 (e1) were detected. tunicamycin, an inhibitor of n glycosylation, p ... | 1986 | 3005607 |
| sindbis virus mutant ts20 of complementation group e contains a lesion in glycoprotein e2. | a technique has been devised to readily obtain the entire structural protein region of sindbis virus cloned into a plasmid vector. this method uses the fact that the nearest site for restriction enzyme hindiii to the 3' terminal poly(a) occurs at nucleotides 6266-6271 in the genomic rna. inserts extending from the poly(a) tract to this hindiii site are 5438 nucleotides long (excluding the poly a tract) and contain the entire 4106-nucleotide structural protein region. using an oligo(dt)-tailed ve ... | 1986 | 3008426 |
| predicted membrane topology of the coronavirus protein e1. | the structure of the envelope protein e1 of two coronaviruses, mouse hepatitis virus strain a59 and infectious bronchitis virus, was analyzed by applying several theoretical methods to their amino acid sequence. the results of these analyses combined with earlier data on the orientation and protease sensitivity of e1 assembled in microsomal membranes lead to a topological model. according to this model, the protein is anchored in the lipid bilayer by three successive membrane-spanning helices pr ... | 1986 | 3008826 |
| restricted replication of mouse hepatitis virus a59 in primary mouse brain astrocytes correlates with reduced pathogenicity. | temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of mouse hepatitis virus a59 (mhv-a59) are drastically attenuated in their pathogenic properties. intracerebral inoculation of mice with 10(5) pfu of mutant ts342 results in prolonged infection of the central nervous system, whereas 100 pfu of wild-type virus are lethal (m. j. m. koolen, a. d. m. e. osterhaus, g. van steenis, m. c. horzinek, and b. a. m. van der zeijst, virology 125:393-402, 1983). in the sac(-) cell line ts342 grows as well at 37 degrees c (th ... | 1986 | 3009857 |
| epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated human papillomavirus 8: genomic sequence and comparative analysis. | human papillomavirus (hpv) 8 induces skin tumors which are at high risk for malignant conversion. the nucleotide sequence of hpv8 has been determined and compared to sequences of papillomaviruses with different oncogenic potential. the general organization of the hpv8 genome is similar to that of other types. highly conserved, genus-specific sequences were found in open reading frames (orfs) e1, e2, and l1. in orfs e6, e7, and l2, hpv8 is more distantly related, but it was possible to differenti ... | 1986 | 3009874 |
| transient replication of bovine papilloma virus type 1 plasmids: cis and trans requirements. | a transient assay has been used to study bovine papilloma virus type 1 (bpv-1) replication. we show that bpv-1 early replication occurs faster than cellular dna synthesis. initial replication events are dependent on a gene product(s), encoded by the bpv-1 e1 open reading frame. mutational analysis of the viral upstream regulatory region shows the requirement of two domains in cis for replication. domain one, located outside of the viral 69% transforming fragment, is an enhancer-like activity and ... | 1986 | 3012521 |
| regulated expression of sindbis and vesicular stomatitis virus glycoproteins in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | cdnas encoding either the structural proteins (capsid and glycoproteins e1 and e2) of sindbis virus or the glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) were fused to the saccharomyces cerevisiae galactokinase gene (gal1) promoter and inserted into a yeast shuttle vector. after addition of galactose to yeast transformed with this vector, 2.5-3% of total yeast protein synthesis was detected as virus proteins by specific anti-virus protein antibodies. in cells containing the sindbis virus struc ... | 1986 | 3012523 |
| the bovine papillomavirus replicon. | the bovine papillomavirus genome contains two cis-acting sequences which can serve as signals for replication. at least three virally encoded genes seem to be involved in plasmid replication: e6, e6/7 and e1. mutations in either the e6 or the e7 open reading frame create plasmids that are maintained at a low copy number per cell. mutations in the e1 open reading frame are absolutely lethal to replication. complementation experiments show that these mutations define separate genes. experiments ar ... | 1986 | 3013526 |
| the role of complement in monoclonal antibody-mediated protection against virulent semliki forest virus. | monoclonal antibodies (mas), specific for either the e1 or e2 glycoproteins of semliki forest virus (sfv), and belonging to various immunoglobulin subclasses (igm, igg2a, igg2b and igg3), effected lysis of sfv-infected l cells in co-operation with guinea-pig complement. in this antibody-dependent complement-mediated cytolysis (adcmc) test, igg1 mas were not effective although these antibodies recognize the viral antigens on the surface of sfv-infected l cells. the latter was shown with horseradi ... | 1986 | 3015781 |
| human papillomavirus dna replication mediated by simian virus 40 t antigen in trans. | the putative e1 gene product of papillomaviruses is thought to be involved in the initiation of viral replication, as large-t antigen (t antigen) is in the case of polyomaviruses. mouse cell lines cloned after transformation by a plasmid consisting of the simian virus 40 (sv40) early region and the complete genome of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv16) maintained episomal plasmid dna. in contrast, the dnas of either sv40 or hpv16, when employed separately in transfection experiments, were consi ... | 1986 | 3016153 |
| transformation of human embryo retinoblasts with simian virus 40, adenovirus and ras oncogenes. | few human cell systems have been described in which a number of different genes induce transformation. the present investigation reports on our studies using primary human embryo retinoblasts as a model system to monitor transformation and the subsequent behaviour of individual transformants in terms of establishment, the frequency of immortalization and tumourigenic potential. sv40, adenovirus e1 and e1a, and combinations of adenovirus e1a and activated h-ras or n-ras were examined as transform ... | 1986 | 3017183 |
| negative control of dna replication in composite sv40-bovine papilloma virus plasmids. | to identify dna sequences that function in the control of dna replication, we designed a hybrid replicon consisting of linked sv40 and bpv dna sequences. in the composite sv40-bpv plasmid negative control encoded by bpv is dominant over the uncontrolled replication encoded by the positive factor, sv40 t antigen. using a transient replication assay, we show that replication control requires three bpv elements. two cis-acting sequences are closely linked to bpv replication origins. a third trans-a ... | 1986 | 3017566 |
| reinitiation of translocation in the semliki forest virus structural polyprotein: identification of the signal for the e1 glycoprotein. | the biosynthesis of the semliki forest virus (sfv) structural proteins provides an interesting model system to study the reinitiation of translocation of membrane proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. the two transmembrane spike proteins, p62 and e1, are derived from a single polypeptide precursor. once the first protein, p62, has been anchored and its cytoplasmic tail has been synthesized, translocation must be reinitiated to account for the insertion of the e1 protein. we have used ... | 1986 | 3017702 |
| generation of human anti-rubella monoclonal antibodies from human hybridomas constructed with antigen-specific epstein-barr virus transformed cell lines. | human monoclonal antibodies (humab) directed against viral antigens were developed by combining immortalization of human primary b lymphocytes by epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection with consecutive fusion of selected immortalized lymphoblasts with an established, human lymphoblastoid cell line. using ebv infection a high rate of immortalized b lymphoblastoid cells was obtained which unfortunately could not be cloned because at least 10 cells per microtiter well had to be seeded to get cells grow ... | 1986 | 3019293 |
| [effect of khingamin on the development of sv40 virus-induced and transplantable tumors in hamsters]. | chloroquine was administered to 2-month hamsters inoculated at birth with an oncogenic virus sv-40 which was injected daily in a dose of 30 mg/kg for a month. chloroquine-treated animals showed a statistically significant (6 weeks) shorter latent period of tumour development. the drug exerted no effect neither on the rate and incidence of transplantable e-1 test tumours or on the phenomenon of resistance in experiments on 4-6-month hamsters under its multiple administration in doses close to max ... | 1986 | 3023009 |
| different human cervical carcinoma cell lines show similar transcription patterns of human papillomavirus type 18 early genes. | transcription of human papillomavirus type 18 (hpv18) dna in the human cervical carcinoma cell lines hela, c4-1 and sw756 was studied by nucleotide sequence analysis of hpv18-positive cdna clones isolated from a hela, c4-1 and sw756 cdna library, respectively, and the cdna sequences were used to predict the potential encoded proteins. the cdna clones from all three cell lines were found to be derived from virus-cell fusion transcripts in which 3'-terminal host cell sequences (different for each ... | 1986 | 3023067 |
| rubella virus cdna. sequence and expression of e1 envelope protein. | a cdna clone encoding the entire e1 envelope protein (410 amino acid residues) and a portion of the c-terminal end of the e2 envelope protein of the rubella virus has been isolated and characterized. dna sequence analysis has revealed a region 20 nucleotides in length at the 3' end of the cloned cdna which may be a replicase recognition site or a recognition site for encapsidation. the proteolytic cleavage site between the e1 and e2 proteins was localized based on the known amino-terminal sequen ... | 1986 | 3023358 |
| construction of a helper-free recombinant adenovirus that expresses polyomavirus large t antigen. | adenovirus-polyomavirus recombinant viruses were constructed in vitro by inserting a hybrid transcription unit composed of the adenovirus type 2 major late promoter and the early coding region of polyomavirus into the adenovirus type 5 vector ad5 delta e1/dl309. the vector lacks the e1a and e1b transcription units and contains a unique restriction endonuclease cleavage site in their place. the polyomavirus genomic insert contained a small deletion which precluded the synthesis of functional smal ... | 1986 | 3023952 |
| properties of monospecific antibodies to the glycoprotein of western equine encephalitis virus. | monospecific (msp-) antisera against e1 and e2 glycoproteins of western equine encephalitis (wee) virus were prepared and examined for binding activities to whole virions, hemagglutination-inhibition (hi), neutralization (nt) and protection. both anti-e1 and anti-e2 msp-abs protected mice against wee virus challenge. a competition experiment with monoclonal antibodies showed that these msp-antisera appear to lack the antibody population for some epitopes involved in viral neutralization. | 1986 | 2425229 |
| equine arteritis virus-induced polypeptide synthesis. | intracellular virus-specific proteins induced by equine arteritis virus (eav) have been compared with in vitro translation products of virion and intracellular eav rnas. in infected bhk-21 cells, the two major virion proteins (c and e1) and polypeptides with mol. wt. of 60,000 (p60), 42,000 (p42) and 30,000 (p30) were found. there were no indications that the viral proteins were processed from a larger precursor as shown by pulse-chase, amino acid analogue and protease inhibitor experiments. the ... | 1986 | 2426393 |
| critical epitopes in transmissible gastroenteritis virus neutralization. | purified transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) virus was found to be composed of three major structural proteins having relative molecular weights of 200,000, 48,000, and 28,000. the peplomer glycoprotein was purified by affinity chromatography with the monoclonal antibody (mab) 1d.g3. a collection of 48 mabs against tge virus was developed from which 26, 10, and 3 were specific for proteins e2, n, and e1, respectively. a total of 14 neutralizing mabs of known reactivity were e2 protein specific. ... | 1986 | 2427744 |
| identification of two epitopes in the carboxyterminal 15 amino acids of the e1 glycoprotein of mouse hepatitis virus a59 by using hybrid proteins. | cdna fragments coding for the carboxy terminus of the e1 envelope glycoprotein from mouse hepatitis virus a59, a coronavirus, were cloned into the bacterial expression vector pex. clones expressing e1 antigenic determinants were selected with a polyclonal anti-e1 antibody and used for immunization of rabbits and for affinity purification of existing polyclonal antisera. immunofluorescence testing and immunoperoxidase labeling of coronavirus-infected cells showed that these reagents were monospec ... | 1986 | 2431163 |
| antigenic structure of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. i. properties of monoclonal antibodies directed against virion proteins. | thirty-two hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the three major structural proteins of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) have been isolated. radioimmunoprecipitation of intracellular viral polypeptides showed that 17 hybridomas recognized both the peplomer protein [e2, 220 x 10(3) mol. wt. (220k)] and a lower mol. wt. species (e'2, 175k), which was characterized as a precursor of e2. six mabs selectively immunoprecipitated the e'2 protein. four hybridomas ... | 1986 | 2418148 |
| antibody-selected variation and reversion in sindbis virus neutralization epitopes. | sindbis virus variants evidencing a complex and bidirectional tendency toward spontaneous antigenic change were isolated and characterized. variants were selected on the basis of their escape from neutralization by individual monoclonal antibodies to either of the two envelope glycoproteins, e2 and e1. multisite variants, including one altered in three neutralization sites, were obtained by selecting mutants consecutively in the presence of different neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. two pheno ... | 1986 | 2419586 |
| rubella virus antigens: localization of epitopes involved in hemagglutination and neutralization by using monoclonal antibodies. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against the rubella virion were used to locate epitopes involved in hemagglutination and neutralization. the mabs exhibiting high-level hemagglutination-inhibiting activity were shown by western blot analysis to be specific for the e1 polypeptide; this is consistent with the presence of the hemagglutinin on the e1 polypeptide. some of the e1-specific mabs also neutralized viral infectivity. however, hemagglutination-inhibiting activity and neutralizing activity did n ... | 1986 | 2419590 |
| monoclonal antibody cure and prophylaxis of lethal sindbis virus encephalitis in mice. | neuroadapted sindbis virus (nsv) causes acute encephalitis and paralyzes and kills adult mice unless they are treated with primary immune serum after infection. to study the nature and specificity of curative antibodies, we gave mice 30 different monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against sindbis virus (sv) 24 h after lethal intracerebral inoculation of nsv. by the time of mab treatment, nsv replication in the brain had been well established (7.5 x 10(7) pfu/g). seventeen mabs directed against multipl ... | 1986 | 2419592 |
| lymphocyte adherence in multiple sclerosis: role of the cytoskeleton and prostaglandin e. | human peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis (ms) form significantly greater numbers of rosettes with virus infected cells than healthy controls. because increased lymphocyte adherence in ms may be important to the disease process, we have investigated the mechanisms governing lymphocyte adherence in healthy control volunteers. we have previously shown that prostaglandins e1, e2 (pge2), and dibutyryl cyclic amp (db camp) and colchicine increase control lymphocyte adhe ... | 1986 | 3464022 |
| human adenovirus cloning vectors based on infectious bacterial plasmids. | by making use of the fact that human adenovirus dna circularizes in infected cells, and that circular forms of the viral genome are infectious, we have developed an improved adenovirus-based cloning system. a deletion mutant of adenovirus type 5 (ad5) with deletions in early regions 1 (e1) and 3 (e3) was converted to a bacterial plasmid which can regenerate infectious virus following transfection into human 293 cells. a single xbai recognition site in the deleted e3 region serves as a site for t ... | 1986 | 3472993 |
| fusion of semliki forest virus infected aedes albopictus cells at low ph is a fusion from within. | herein, it is shown for the first time that the mechanism of fusion followed in aedes albopictus cells infected with semliki forest virus induced by low ph exposure is a "fusion from within". several parameters were studied disclosing that the development of the fusion capacity of the cells is directly related to the synthesis of viral specific products. these findings were further substantiated by utilizing various chemicals to inhibit viral specific events during infection, protein synthesis a ... | 1986 | 3521544 |
| alteration of the cytoplasmic domain of the membrane-spanning glycoprotein p62 of semliki forest virus does not affect its polar distribution in established lines of madin-darby canine kidney cells. | expression of the semliki forest virus p62/e2 protein was studied in the polarized epithelial cell line madin-darby canine kidney (mdck). after infection this transmembrane protein, together with the other spike subunit e1, accumulates at the basolateral surface of mdck cells (fuller, s. d., c.-h. von bonsdorff, and k. simons, 1985, embo (eur. mol. biol. organ.) j., 4:2475-2485). the cdnas encoding truncated forms of the protein were used to stably transform mdck cells to examine the role of sub ... | 1986 | 3539942 |
| efficient transport of semliki forest virus glycoproteins through a golgi complex morphologically altered by uukuniemi virus glycoproteins. | in infected bhk21 cells, the glycoproteins g1 and g2 of a temperature-sensitive mutant (ts12) of uukuniemi virus (uuk) accumulate at 39 degrees c in the golgi complex (gc) causing an expansion and vacuolization of this organelle. we have studied whether such an altered golgi complex can carry out the glycosylation and transport to the plasma membrane (pm) of the semliki forest virus (sfv) glycoproteins in double-infected cells. double-immunofluorescence staining showed that approximately 90% of ... | 1986 | 3545812 |
| gene transfer as a novel approach to the gene-controlled mechanism of the cellular expression of glycosphingolipids. | gene transfer is a useful technique to analyse the gene-controlled mechanism of cellular expression of glycosphingolipids. using various oncogenes (dna tumor virus oncogenes: adenovirus 12 e1 and its transcriptional subunits, myc and sv40 t antigens; rna tumor retrovirus oncogens: fos, src and h-ras) for the transfer, it was demonstrated that these genes invariably caused remarkable and characteristic changes of the cellular expression of gangliosides in the same recipient rat embryonic cell lin ... | 1986 | 3549021 |
| synthesis and processing of semliki forest virus polyprotein in saccharomyces cerevisiae: a yeast type glycosylation of e1 envelope protein. | a cdna coding for the structural proteins of semliki forest virus (sfv) was ligated between the adc1 promoter and terminator in a yeast expression vector, paah5. synthesis of the sfv-specific proteins in saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed with this vector was shown by immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation. detection of the n-terminal and the c-terminal components of the viral polyprotein, capsid protein and e1 envelope protein, respectively, suggested that the entire polyprotein was translate ... | 1986 | 3549465 |
| transcription and translation maps of african swine fever virus. | a transcription map of african swine fever (asf) virus dna was obtained by hybridization of 32p-labeled early and late rnas synthesized in vero cells infected with asf virus to dot-blots containing cloned restriction fragments spanning the viral genome. early rnas synthesized in infected cells in the presence of protein or dna synthesis inhibitors hybridized preferentially to four regions in the genome, with coordinates e1 (0-51.9 kbp), e3 (63.7-75.2 kbp), e5 (100.1-111.6 kbp), and e7 (150-170 k ... | 1986 | 3716203 |
| antibody response to the rubella virus structural proteins in infants with the congenital rubella syndrome. | forty-five serum samples from 31 newborns and infants with the congenital rubella syndrome (crs) were tested by immunoprecipitation to determine their antibody spectra to each of the structural proteins of rubella virus. most sera (37/45) contained little or no e2 protein-specific antibody, but some (6/45) precipitated a greater amount of the e2 glycoprotein than the e1 glycoprotein. the relative e1/e2 ratio was found to decrease with time when serial serum samples from the same patient were tes ... | 1986 | 3723114 |
| detection of antibodies to individual proteins of rubella virus. | individual rubella virus structural polypeptides were electroeluted from sds-polyacrylamide gels. the eluted polypeptides were used, without further purification, as antigens in elisa assays for the detection of rubella-specific antibodies in patients' sera. this provided a more sensitive detection method than that involving classical serological assays such as hi or vn or that using immunoprecipitation. antisera against individual viral polypeptides were raised in mice. no haemagglutination inh ... | 1986 | 3734013 |
| mutants of the membrane-binding region of semliki forest virus e2 protein. i. cell surface transport and fusogenic activity. | three mutations of the membrane-binding region of the semliki forest virus (sfv) p62 polypeptide (the precursor for virion e3 and e2) have been made by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of a cdna clone encoding the sfv structural proteins. one of the mutations (a2) substitutes a glu for an ala in the middle of the hydrophobic stretch which spans the bilayer. a1 and a3 alter the two basic charged amino acids in the cytoplasmic domain next to the hydrophobic region. the wild-type charge cluster ... | 1986 | 3753980 |
| molecular determinants of alphavirus neurovirulence: nucleotide and deduced protein sequence changes during attenuation of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. | the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the structural proteins of the tc-83 vaccine strain of venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) virus have been determined from a cdna clone containing the 26s mrna coding region. a cdna clone encoding the equivalent region of the virulent parent vee virus [trinidad donkey strain (trd)] has been sequenced previously. comparison of the sequences of the tc-83 and trd cdna clones revealed 13 nucleotide differences. neither the organization of the struc ... | 1986 | 3755750 |
| molecular cloning and sequencing of the region of the rubella virus genome coding for glycoprotein e1. | the sequence of the 1600 3' terminal nucleotides of the rna of rubella virus was determined from cdna synthesized from both virion and intracellular rna using reverse transcriptase and an oligodeoxythymidine primer and cloned into a bacterial plasmid vector. this sequence contained the complete coding sequence for virion envelope protein e1 and a 57 nucleotide nontranslated region between the stop codon for e1 and the poly a tract. the predicted size for e1 was 481 amino acids and within this se ... | 1986 | 3755848 |
| characterization of a protein fatty acylesterase present in microsomal membranes of diverse origin. | a microsomal activity of baby hamster kidney cells which cleaves ester-type bound fatty acids from acyl proteins in vitro has been characterized. this activity is also present in microsomal membranes from pig liver, calf kidney, and human mucous cells. cell free deacylation is described for the semliki forest virus acyl proteins e1 and e2 and the precursor of e2 designated p62. acyl chain cleavage operates with both exogenous and endogenous viral acyl protein substrates. the in vitro cleavage re ... | 1986 | 3771557 |
| role of the adenovirus early region 1b tumor antigens in transformation and lytic infection. | we have investigated the contribution of each of the two adenovirus type 5 (ad5) major early region 1b (e1b) proteins in cell transformation and in lytic infection. an ad5 e1 plasmid, in which the reading frame for the 19-kda e1b protein was abolished by a stop codon close to the initiation codon, transformed primary baby rat kidney (brk) cells with an efficiency of about half of that of a wild type ad5 e1 plasmid, whereas a plasmid with a mutation in the gene for the 58-kda e1b protein transfor ... | 1986 | 2937199 |
| nucleotide sequence of the 26 s mrna of the virulent trinidad donkey strain of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and deduced sequence of the encoded structural proteins. | a cdna clone containing all of the 26 s mrna coding region of the rna genome of venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) virus, virulent strain trinidad donkey (trd), has been constructed and sequenced. the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the 26 s rna of vee virus conform to the general organization of the alphavirus subgenomic mrna. excluding the poly(a) tail, the vee 26 s rna is 3913 nucleotides long with a protein coding region of 3762 nucleotides. codon usage in the translated reg ... | 1986 | 3088830 |
| structural proteins of getah virus isolates from japan and malaysia. | purified preparations of getah virus strains have been analysed by sodium-dodecyl-sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) to reveal their structural proteins. two envelope proteins (e1 and e2) and core protein (c) were found with the prototype amm2021 strain both under reducing and nonreducing conditions, while separation of e1 and e2 was observed only under nonreducing conditions for 3 strains isolated in japan. limited digestion by staphylococcus aureus v8 protease revealed diff ... | 1986 | 2873729 |
| pathogenicity of antigenic variants of murine coronavirus jhm selected with monoclonal antibodies. | to analyze the pathogenesis of the neurotropic murine coronavirus jhmv, we used monoclonal antibodies to the e2 viral glycoprotein to select antigenic variant viruses. monoclonal antibodies j.7.2 and j.2.2 were shown to bind to topographically distinct regions of the e2 molecule, and the variants selected with the two antibodies demonstrated very different disease pictures in mice. variants selected with j.7.2 were, like the parental virus, highly virulent and caused an acute encephalitic illnes ... | 1986 | 3701929 |
| nucleotide sequence of the genome region encoding the 26s mrna of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus and the deduced amino acid sequence of the viral structural proteins. | the 26s mrna and most of the nsp4 encoding regions of the eastern equine encephalomyelitis (eee) viral genome have been cloned. excluding the poly(a) tail, the 26s mrna region was determined to be 4139 nucleotides long and to share the same general organization as that of other alphaviruses. a highly conserved region of 19 nucleotides, the putative transcriptase recognition site for 26s mrna synthesis, was present at the 26s/42s junction region of the 42s genomic rna. translation of the 26s mrna ... | 1987 | 2886548 |
| a human papilloma virus type 11 transcript encoding an e1--e4 protein. | the human papilloma virus (hpv) associated with a genital wart (condyloma acuminatum) was determined to be type 11. the majority of the viral dna molecules were monomeric circles present in the cells at high copy number, as demonstrated by one- and two-dimensional agarose gell electrophoretic separation followed by southern blot analysis. a cdna library in phage lambda gt11 was constructed from poly(a)-selected mrna recovered from the tissue. recombinant clones corresponding to the most abundant ... | 1987 | 2887066 |
| [transforming and oncogenic properties of the adenovirus genome]. | analysis of data on transforming and oncogenic properties of adenovirus genome has shown that oncogenic properties of the cells transformed by adenoviruses are not determined by the length (to a definite extent) and by the number of copies of integrating parts of the viral dna molecules. there are numerous sites of virus genome integration into the genome of the cell. the e1 region of the viral genome (0 to 11% of the map unit) consists of two transcription units e1a and e1b and plays the leadin ... | 1987 | 3301312 |
| functional relatedness between the e1a and e1b regions of group c and group d human adenoviruses. | the functional relatedness of the transforming genes (e1a and e1b) of adenovirus type 9 (group d) which induces mammary tumors in rats and those of the non-tumorigenic adenoviruses, ad2 and ad5 (group c) was examined. transfection of established rat embryo cells with a dna segment containing the e1a and e1b regions of ad9 resulted in efficient transformation; similar results have been shown for group a, b and c ads. in contrast to ads of group a, b and c, ad9 dna containing the e1 region or the ... | 1987 | 2951934 |
| definition of a region required for transformation in e1a of adenovirus 12. | in order to define functionally important regions of the e1 a gene of adenovirus 12 (ad12), a number of ad12 mutants were studied. these mutants share an identical 69-bp deletion in the first exon of e1a as well as duplications of a long terminal repeat sequence at the end of the ad12 genome. the mutants are fully competent for replication and growth in their normal hosts and have a host range extended to include the vero cell line of african green monkey origin. the partially deleted e1a can st ... | 1987 | 2955566 |
| activation of an insect baculovirus promoter in mammalian cells by adenovirus functions. | the insect baculovirus autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) replicates in insect cell lines in culture. in mammalian cells, however, the virus cannot be propagated. acnpv dna does not replicate or persist and is not transcribed in mammalian cells (tjia et al., 1983). in insect cells productively infected with acnpv, at least two major late viral gene products have been recognized, the polyhedrin, which makes up the bulk of the polyhedral inclusion bodies in infected cell nuc ... | 1987 | 2963453 |
| a specific transmembrane domain of a coronavirus e1 glycoprotein is required for its retention in the golgi region. | the e1 glycoprotein of the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus contains a short, glycosylated amino-terminal domain, three membrane-spanning domains, and a long carboxy-terminal cytoplasmic domain. we show that e1 expressed from cdna is targeted to the golgi region, as it is in infected cells. e1 proteins with precise deletions of the first and second or the second and third membrane-spanning domains were glycosylated, thus suggesting that either the first or third transmembrane domain ... | 1987 | 2821010 |
| reindeer papillomavirus transforming properties correlate with a highly conserved e5 region. | a papillomavirus was isolated from the epithelial layer of a cutaneous fibropapilloma on a swedish reindeer (rangifer tarandus). reindeer papillomavirus (rpv) is morphologically indistinguishable from other papillomaviruses, but the restriction enzyme cleavage pattern of its genome is different. no sequence homology was detected between rpv dna and the dnas of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (bpv-1) and avian papillomavirus when hybridization was performed under stringent conditions. however, the r ... | 1987 | 2822949 |
| role of prostaglandins and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs in the pathogenicity of vaccinia virus. | the effect of prostaglandins (pgs) of the a series (a1 and dimethyl pga2), e1, d2, f2 alpha and pgi2 (prostacyclin) and of inhibitors of pg synthesis (aspirin and indomethacin) on the pathogenicity of vaccinia virus was studied in balb/c mice. pgs of the a series, d2 and f2 alpha conferred little or no protection to mice against the lethal effects of vaccinia virus. mice treated with pge1 showed a dramatic increase in mortality after viral infection. however, when mice were treated with pgi2, th ... | 1987 | 3819698 |
| structural and functional homology of parvovirus and papovavirus polypeptides. | we have compared the sequences of the putative polypeptides of the human pathogenic b19 parvovirus with protein sequences in the national bethesda research foundation library, and have discovered a significant homology between a b19 parvovirus non-structural (ns) protein and the t antigens of polyomaviruses and simian virus 40 (sv40) and the putative e1 proteins of papillomaviruses. the region of highest homology with the papovavirus proteins corresponds to the region that is most highly conserv ... | 1987 | 3819702 |
| processing of the semliki forest virus structural polyprotein: role of the capsid protease. | the protease activities responsible for the cotranslational processing of the semliki forest virus structural polyprotein were investigated by using an in vitro transcription-translation system. three cleavages released the individual chains from the nascent polyprotein in the order capsid, p62, 6k (a nonstructural peptide), and e1. we showed directly that the protease activity responsible for the release of the capsid protein resides in the capsid itself: by progressive truncation of the cdna u ... | 1987 | 3553612 |