Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the first tick-borne encephalitis virus isolates from norway. | five virus strains with close serological relationship to the tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) complex have been isolated from ixodes ricinus ticks. the ticks were collected in early june 1976 at three different locations in sogn & fjordane county, norway. one of the virus-yielding pools was composed of ticks collected between the cabins on a tourist camping ground. | 1978 | 211795 |
| experimental mixed cns infections in mice caused by three ixodes ricinus transmitted arboviruses. | approximately 12-day-old mice were infected intracerebrally with tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus (strain hypr), unkuniemi virus (strain by e50) and tribec virus, as single virus inoculations, coinfections with two or three viruses, and sequential infections with two or three viruses at 24-hour intervals. the effect of mixed infections on mortality, morbidity and average survival time was recorded. the main findings were that: 1. some mixed infections with tbe and uuk viruses reduced the mort ... | 1978 | 214993 |
| isolation of tettnang virus from ixodes ricinus ticks in czechoslovakia. | three virus strains closely related to tettnang virus were isolated from nymphs and males of ixodes ricinus tick in moravia and slovakia. the virus isolates were lethal for suckling mice on intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation but the virus titres in the brain were low. the incubation period of 5--12 days in the first mouse passage was shortened to 3 days in further passages. infection of mice was accompanied by ultrastructural changes in the cytoplasm of neurons. groups of spherical virus particles ... | 1978 | 25012 |
| isolation of tribcc virus from ixodes ricinus ticks in italy. | 1978 | 26204 | |
| the efficacy of showers for control of ectoparasites of sheep. | ectoparasites of sheep in britain include the tick ixodes ricinus, the blowfly, lucilia sericata, the ked, melophagus ovinus and the lice, damalinia ovis and linognathus ovillus. the most important ectoparasite, however, is the mite psoroptes communis ovis which causes sheep scab. this notifiable disease was eradicated from britain in 1952 but was reported again in 1973. the control of ectoparasites depends largely on the efficient application of insecticide to the fleece and skin. plunge dippin ... | 1978 | 76363 |
| isolation of tettnang virus from ticks, mosquitoes and small rodents. | seven strains of tettnang virus were isolated in czechoslovakia: 3 from ixodes ricinus tick nymphs, males and females, one from dermacentor reticulatus tick females, one from aedes cantans mosquitoes and two strains from the brains of clethrionomys glareolus and apodemus flavicollis small rodents. | 1979 | 35963 |
| [new aspects of the part of the vector played by ixodes ricinus l. in switzerland. preliminary note (author's transl)]. | the authors, after having recalled their recent work on ixodes ricinus ecology, give the new results about the part played by this species in the transmission of different infectious agents in switzerland. i. ricinus was already known to be the most important vector of the tick borne encephalitis virus, and of protozoans of the babesia genus. in this article, we describe the existence in the hemolymphe of different i. ricinus populations, of a rickettsia species related to the rmst group (rocky- ... | 1979 | 41427 |
| ixodes ricinus: vector of a hitherto undescribed spotted fever group agent in switzerland. | a tick/rickettsial survey in various parts of switzerland revealed the presence of a new, hitherto undescribed spotted fever group rickettsia ("swiss agent") in up to 11.7% of i. ricinus collected off vegetation. infection in ticks was found to be generalized with rickettsiae developing intracellularly and occasionally also intranuclearly. as a result of massive growth in ovarial tissues, including the germinative cells, the rate of transovarial and filial infection was 100%. the "swiss agent" a ... | 1979 | 44100 |
| phosphoglucomutase polymorphism in the tick ixodes ricinus. | ten variants of phosphoglucomutase were detected by starch-gel electrophoresis in extracts of the tick ixodes ricinus. agreement of phenotype frequencies with those predicted by the hardy-weinberg model indicated that the enzyme is coded by a single gene locus (pgm) at which 10 alleles are segregating. allelic proportions in 5 irish tick samples indicated that both spatial and temporal genetic differentiation exist. it is suggested that this polymorphism may be of use as a marker for studying th ... | 1979 | 419005 |
| blood parasites of sheep in the netherlands. i. anaplasma mesaeterum sp.n. (rickettsiales, anaplasmataceae). | on two occasions an anaplasm was isolated from sheep on the dutch island of ameland. the organism proved to be highly pathogenic for splenectomised sheep; a non-splenectomised animal recovered spontaneously after the packed cell volume had decreased by 40%. treatment with oxytetracycline was effective. its pathogenicity for goats appeared to be low, and the organism was apparently not infective to splenectomised cattle. this anaplasm differs from anaplasma ovis in that less than 30% of the organ ... | 1979 | 419513 |
| [circadian rhythm of the dropping of engorged larvae in 2 species of ixodid ticks (ixodidae) and its photoperiodic entrainment]. | daily rhythm of detachment of engorged larvae of ixodes ricinus l. and hyalomma anatolicum koch is regulated by photoperiod. in photoperiodic conditions (16--20 hours of light p. d.) the maximum of detachment in h. anatolicum occurs at the beginning of photophase (the first 4--8 hours), but in i. ricinus it occurs at the second part of photo-phase (12--16 hours after the light is on). the rhythm of detachment is regulated according to the processes of endogenous circadian nature which are mainta ... | 1979 | 440776 |
| [effect of the diapause in the ixodes ricinus (ixodidae) tick on the multiplication of the tick-borne encephalitis virus in its body]. | the tick encephalitis virus was found to multiply more intensively in ticks developing without diapause. thus, in larvae developing with diapause, in 4 and 8 weeks after they feed on infected animals, the virus titers were 3.0 and 3.5 lg ld50 respectively. at the development without diapause the titers were 4.3 and 5.3, respectively (p less than 0.05). the virus titers in infected nymphs developing without diapause were 2.5 to 3.9 lg ld50 higher than those of the diapausing individuals. in diapa ... | 1979 | 440778 |
| passive transfer of resistance in rabbits infested with adult ixodes ricinus l: humoral factors influence feeding and egg laying. | parital immunity against the bites of female i. ricinus was transferred to normal rabbits by inoculating immune serum from resistant animals. transferred humoral factors diminished the weight of the ticks' blood meal by 29% and increased the feeding period by about 1 day in comparison with ectoparasites engorged on controls. they provoked also the failure of egg laying by female i. ricinus. only 55% of ticks fed on treated rabbits laid eggs (94% on controls). the immunological state of immune se ... | 1979 | 499438 |
| [seasonal changes in the level of fertility of female ixodes ricinus l. and ixodes persulcatus p. sch. until they land on their hosts and the significance of this phenomenon in the life of tick populations]. | 1979 | 537588 | |
| [ecology of indigenious arbovirus in alsace. tick central european encephalitis. i.--complex ixodes ricinus--bank voles. ii.--study of bank voles population immunity. iii.--virologic results in bank voles population (author's transl)]. | i.--after showing that bank voles are parasited only by ixodes ricinus larvae, the authors attempt to found different factors (demographic, biometric, and sexual) who favor individual parasitism. the authors conclude to absent of anti tick immunity for this rodent specie. ii.--the search for anti-central european encephalitis antibodies (i.h.a.) are shown that 2 p. cent animals were immuns. yearly and monthly chronologies of antibodies apparition are shown, factors favoring the growth of specifi ... | 1979 | 538306 |
| the detection of rickettsia-like microorganisms within the ovaries of female ixodes ricinus ticks. | an ultrastructural study of tick-borne fever (tbf)-infected ixodes ricinus ticks revealed the presence of rickettsia-like microorganisms within the ooplasm and the mitochondria of developing oocytes. these microorganisms are similar in appearance to the tbf agent and it is possible that although transovarial transmission of the tbf agent apparently does not occur, the rickettsiae are at least able to establish themselves in the ovaries of infected ticks. | 1979 | 539071 |
| [the larval development of dipetalonema rugosicauda (syn. wehrdlikmansia rugosicauda) in the tick ixodes ricinus. i. infection of ticks with microfilariae using artificial feeding techniques (author's transl)]. | 1979 | 575448 | |
| blood parasites of sheep in the netherlands. i. anaplasma mesaeterum sp.n. (rickettsiales, anaplasmataceae). | summary on two occasions an anaplasm was isolated from sheep on the dutch island of ameland. the organism proved to be highly pathogenic for splenectomised sheep; a non-splenectomised animal recovered spontaneously after the packed cell volume had decreased by 40%. treatment with oxytetracycline was effective. its pathogenicity for goats appeared to be low, and the organism was apparently not infective to splenectomised cattle. this anaplasm differs from anaplasma ovis in that less than 30% ... | 1979 | 22040472 |
| [tick-borne encephalitis in europe (author's transl)]. | tick-borne encephalitis is the major european arbovirosis. it is observed in soviet union, central and western europe and scandinavian countries. in france, natural foci have been detected in alsace (more specialy in illkirch forest, near strasbourg). in the united kingdom exists a sheep encephalomyelitis (loupingill) caused by an arbovirus not much different from the tick-born encephalitis virus. the tick-born encephalitis virus is a flavivirus transmitted by tick bites. tick is also a virus re ... | 1980 | 6255281 |
| [studies of the ecology of some blood protozoa of wild small mammals in north germany (author's transl)]. | in 1977 and 1978, 696 small mammals of 9 different species were surveyed for protozoal blood parasites. the following parasites were found: hepatozoon sylvatici in apodemus flavicollis, h. erhardovae and trypanosoma evotomys in clethrionomys glareolus, t. microti and babesia microti in microtus agrestis and t. croicidurae in crocidura russula. h. erhardovae showed regularly high infection-rates (more than 70%) during all the years in 1977 and 1978. h. sylvatici was found only in 5.6% of the yell ... | 1980 | 6104423 |
| characteristics of some tick--borne encephalitis virus strains isolated in slovakia. | several tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus strains isolated in slovakia from 1974-1978 were characterized by their cytophatic abilities, sensitivity to heating at 50 degrees c and to 2 m urea, and pathogenicity for white mice. strains isolated from ixodes ricinus ticks differed in pathogenic properties from those isolated from clethrinomys glareolus. the latter strains (skalica) may be considered a spontaneous variant of tba virus with decreased virulence for mice. | 1980 | 6104435 |
| [the larval development of dipetalonema rugosicauda (syn. wehrdikmansia rugosicauda) in the tick ixodes ricinus. ii. the development of dipetalonema rugosicauda in ixodes ricinus and investigations about the occurrence of the microfilariae in the roe deer (c. capreolus) (author's transl)]. | microfilariae of d. rugosicauda, which were taken up by nymphs of i. ricinus during their attachment on roe deers, developed in those ticks to infective larvae after two moults. the larval development lasted 56-67 days at 20-22 degrees c and occurred similar to other species of dipetalonema inclusive a sausage stage. during this time the nymphs moulted to adult ticks. adult females and males of i. ricinus collected in the area of biberach/riss, southern-germany, contained up to 12 infective larv ... | 1980 | 7189613 |
| babesia microti (apicomplexa: piroplasmida): electron microscope detection in salivary glands of the tick vector ixodes ricinus (ixodoidea: ixodidae). | 1980 | 7222920 | |
| studies on the activity of ixodes ricinus in relation to the epidemiology of babesiosis in co. meath, ireland. | 1980 | 7225768 | |
| exposure of cattle immunised against redwater to tick challenge in the field: challenge by a homologous strain of b divergens. | a field trial was conducted in northern ireland to determine whether calves could be protected against babesiosis by the prior inoculation of irradiated blood infected with babesia divergens; the trial involved 30 yearling calves. ten were inoculated with infected blood from a donor calf after the blood had been irradiated at 25 kilorads, and 10 with blood irradiated at 30 kilorads. their reactions to the inoculation were observed daily for a month. they were then released, along with a control ... | 1980 | 7361409 |
| sexual transmission of spotted fever group rickettsiae by infected male ticks: detection of rickettsiae in immature spermatozoa of ixodes ricinus. | electron microscopic evidence is provided showing that the newly described "swiss agent," a spotted fever group rickettsia, is incorporated into the reproductive cells of its male tick vector, ixodes ricinus. rickettsiae were found in spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and maturing spermatids. the potential significance of these observations is briefly discussed in relation to published data on sexual transmission of rickettsiae by ticks. | 1980 | 7380544 |
| the transmission of a human strain of babesia divergens by ixodes ricinus ticks. | 1980 | 7391880 | |
| haemaphysalis punctata and ixodes ricinus in a coastal habitat in north wales. | the populations of haemaphysalis punctata and ixodes ricinus on the mynydd mawr national trust reserve, gwynedd, were studied for two years. h. punctata was the more numerous species, being recoverable by blanket dragging over most of the year except for some very short days. there were spring and late summer peaks of activity. it seems probable that the complete life cycle of h punctata takes two or three years in this habitat. the activity of i ricinus was short relative to h punctata, but spr ... | 1981 | 7244372 |
| [the transmission of tick-borne encephalitis in switzerland. an attempt at establishing a register of natural reservoirs for a seroepidemiologic examination of forest personnel in the middle of the country]. | the aim of this investigation was to localize natural foci of tickborne encephalitis (tbe) in switzerland by means of two approaches. (1) sera of foresters, who are particularly exposed to tbe, were examined, restricting serum collection to the plateau between the lake of constance and the lake of geneva. (2) virus isolations were performed on 8600 ticks (ixodes ricinus) collected all over the country. in four regions natural foci of varying size were detected: (1) in the northern parts of the c ... | 1981 | 7280635 |
| [ixodes ricinus under the scanning electron microscope]. | the tick ixodes ricinus was examined with a scanning electron microscope. the morphology of the mouth parts explains the well known tight attachment of the head of the tick in the skin. diseases following tick bites and the possibilities of removing the ticks are discussed. | 1981 | 7319818 |
| investigations on a babesia isolated from scottish sheep. | the pathognomic, serologic and morphometric identity of a babesia sp. recently isolated from sheep in argyllshire was studied. initially, problems were encountered due to the occurrence of eperythrozoon ovis as a contaminant of the isolate and treatment with neoarsphenamine failed to remove it. finally, a combination of oxytetracycline therapy and rapid passage allowed isolation of the babesia sp. and its preservation in the form of a glycerolized, infected blood stabilate. inoculation of the st ... | 1981 | 7329723 |
| [a study on the transmission (transstadial, transovarial) of babesia microti, strain "hannover i", in its tick vector, ixodes ricinus (author's transl)]. | transstadial, transovarial and combined transstadial-transovarial transmission of babesia microti in its tick vector, ixodes ricinus, was studied. the ticks used (larvae, nymphs, females) were part of the progeny of nymphs collected in an area nearby hanover. specimens to be infected alimentarily were fed on parasitaemic golden hamsters (mesocricetus auratus). the ability to infect mammalian hosts of a tick stage was examined by feeding it on negative golden hamsters. b. microti was found to be ... | 1981 | 7345687 |
| models based on weather for the development phases of the sheep tick, ixodes ricinus l. | the epidemiology of tick-transmitted disease cannot be understood until those factors considered important to the life-cycle of the tick are properly investigated. existing experimental results on the development of different stages of the tick life-cycle have been examined with a view to obtaining biological development rates for the purpose of predicting development under field conditions where temperature fluctuates. field studies carried out in ireland have enabled the predicted development ... | 1981 | 7201186 |
| [ixodes ricinus in human eyelid (author's transl)]. | 1981 | 7218731 | |
| [isolation of babesia microti (frança 1912) from free-living nymphs of ixodes ricinus (linnaeus 1758) (author's transl)]. | 375 unfed nymphs of ixodes ricinus were collected in a natural focus of babesia microti near hannover and were tested for an infection with b. microti using golden hamsters (mesocricetus auratus). 2 strains (hannover ii and hannover iii) were isolated. the incidence of infected nymphs in april 1980 demonstrates the ability of b. microti to hibernate in i. ricinus under natural conditions. | 1981 | 6115558 |
| [epidemiological survey in a natural focus of rickettsia transmitted by ixodes ricinus in switzerland (author's transl)]. | a spotted fever group rickettsia referred to as "swiss agent" was detected in 8.5% of ixodes ricinus collected in a marshy forest of the swiss plateau. this organism, in its tick vector, was found to be transmitted stadially as well as ovarially; of 433 larval, nymphal or adult ticks from 17 parental tick females, all were infected. a total of 3,612 larval i. ricinus were collected from 168 small mammals including 127 clethrionomys glareolus, 29 apodemus sylvaticus and flavicolis, 7 microtus agr ... | 1981 | 7020557 |
| [isolation of orbiviruses from the kemerovo complex in the tick ixodes ricinus in the czech socialist republic (author's transl)]. | 1981 | 6265105 | |
| lyme disease: additional evidence of widespread distribution. recognition of a tick-borne dermatitis-encephalitis-arthritis syndrome in an area of known ixodes tick distribution. | lyme disease is a process of unknown etiology that has been linked to bites of ticks of the ixodes ricinus complex. central minnesota is an area of known ixodes dammini distribution. this case represents the first recognition of lyme disease from this area. this case presented as a fluctuating meningoencephalitis with superimposed cranial neuropathy. the characteristic skin lesion, erythema chronicum migrans, was recognized by history, and oligoarticular arthritis subsequently developed. physici ... | 1982 | 7072749 |
| progressive sensitization of circulating basophils against ixodes ricinus l. antigens during repeated infestations of rabbits. | the sensitivity of rabbit basophils to antigens from ixodes ricinus females has been studied by a degranulation test. observations of basophil numbers and degranulation were made on the 6th day of each of four sequential infestations. maximal degranulation of cells was observed after challenge of cells with antigen at a concentration of 10(6) and 10(7) pg/ml. at these concentrations, during a 1st infestation, 21.8 and 23.6% of cells degranulated. during a 2nd infestation, these percentages incre ... | 1982 | 7145464 |
| ixodes ricinus l.: mast cells, basophils and eosinophils in the sequence of cellular events in the skin of infested or re-infested rabbits. | some information on acquired resistance of rabbits against ixodes ricinus ticks has been obtained by comparing tissue changes and cellular infiltration during 2 successive infestations, with particular emphasis on the cells involved in immediate type hypersensitivity reactions: mast cells, basophils and eosinophils. more degranulated mast cells were observed in tick lesions 2 h after the beginning of re-infestation than in the first infestation and more degranulated basophils were present on the ... | 1982 | 7177705 |
| rabbits infested with adult ixodes ricinus l.: effects of mepyramine on acquired resistance. | 1982 | 6125407 | |
| [evolution of populations of ticks (ixodidae and argasidae) in relation to artificialization of the environment in the french alps. epidemiologic effects]. | the results presented in this study are based on observations made during some 10 years in the french alps and their surroundings. forest clusters, as they still cover comparatively large areas, are considered the most favorable foci for several ixodid species. recent studies, however, have shown that environment modified by man also harbours large populations of ticks. the spreading of certain species around and even into cities is actually taking place. the following categories of tick species ... | 1982 | 6131593 |
| [hibernal parasitism by ixodes ricinus (l., 1758) of felis catus domesticus in an urbanized area]. | in the first months of 1977 some adults of ixodes ricinus (l., 1758) have been found on felis catus domesticus in a newly urbanized area near rieti (lazio, central italy) which had been previously used as a grazing-ground for sheep. this finding, quite exceptional according to the literature, is explained in the following way: 1) the cat had not been recorded until now as an habitual host of any ixodid species, but many species of this superfamily can infest the cat in absence of their habitual ... | 1982 | 6926944 |
| marker stability of the skalica strain (from the tick-borne encephalitis complex) propagated in ixodes ricinus ticks. | ixodes ricinus larvae from the laboratory breed were infected on viraemic suckling mice inoculated with the skalica strain from the tick-borne encephalitis complex. the strain recovered from individual nymphs on days 39 and 54 after metamorphosis had the markers (ic+, sc-, t-, v-) identical with the original skalica strain. | 1983 | 6135339 |
| lyme disease spirochetes and ixodid tick spirochetes share a common surface antigenic determinant defined by a monoclonal antibody. | ixodid tick-associated spirochetes have been implicated as the etiological agents of lyme disease. we raised a murine monoclonal antibody (h5332) against a spirochete, strain b31, isolated from ixodes dammini ticks. in indirect immunofluorescence assays and western blot analyses, h5332 reacted with whole cells or isolated components of not only strain b31 but also spirochetes isolated from ixodes ricinus ticks, a field mouse, a raccoon, and patients with lyme disease. in contrast, h5332 did not ... | 1983 | 6192088 |
| use of chlorpyrifos for the control of ixodes ricinus on pasture. | 1983 | 6196905 | |
| [the spirochetal etiology of erythema chronicum migrans and of meningo-polyneuritis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth]. | erythema chronicum migrans and tick-borne meningo-polyneuritis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth are caused by a spirochete transmitted by ixodes ricinus. the same is true for lyme disease, which is the erythema chronicum migrans infection of north-america transmitted by ticks of the same genus. in europe, this etiology is indicated by demonstration of igg and igm antibodies against borrelia duttoni during the course of infection and by immunofluorescence staining of spirochetes in ticks at sites of infe ... | 1983 | 6659638 |
| a weather-based prediction model for the life-cycle of the sheep tick, ixodes ricinus l. | the incidence of sheep tick activity depends not only on the climatic conditions within the tick habitat, but also on the rates of fecundity, development, activity, engorgement and mortality of each stage of the life-cycle. use of existing experimental results on the effect of these factors enables a model of the life-cycle to be formulated for the purpose of predicting the occurrence of tick activity in the field where climatic conditions vary. the components of such a model are described and t ... | 1983 | 6684828 |
| tick-borne fever: a review. | the literature on tick-borne fever is reviewed. tick-borne fever is a rickettsial disease of sheep and cattle characterised by high fever and severe leucopaenia. the causative agent, cytoecetes phagocytophila invades the neutrophils and monocytes and is transmitted by the tick ixodes ricinus. there is very little information on the pathogenesis and immunogenesis of the disease but there is ample evidence that infected animals are predisposed to other diseases. animals infected with tick-borne fe ... | 1983 | 6349107 |
| [chronic erythema migrans and tick-transmitted meningopolyneuritis (garin-bujadoux-bannwarth): borrelia infections?]. | antibodies against borrelia duttoni using indirect immunofluorescence could be demonstrated in 6 patients with erythema chronicum migrans and in 8 persons with tick-borne meningopolyneuritis. significant increases of igg and igm antibody titres in the course of the disease and igg antibodies in the csf indicate recent contact with borrelia duttoni or a closely related agent. demonstration by fluorescence serology of spirochaetaceae in ixodes ricinus in two sites of infection equally indicate suc ... | 1983 | 6839977 |
| [the spirochetal etiology of erythema chronicum migrans and garin-bujadoux-bannwarth meningo-polyneuritis]. | erythema chronicum migrans and tick-born meningo-polyneuritis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth are caused by a spirochete transmitted by ixodes ricinus. the same is true of lyme disease, the erythema chronicum migrans infection of north america transmitted by ticks of the same genus. in europe demonstration of igg and igm antibodies against borrelia duttoni during the course of infection and by immunofluorescence staining of spirochetes in ticks at sites of infection indicate this etiology. in the usa a ... | 1983 | 6884950 |
| [ixodes ricinus spirochaeta: probable pathogen responsible for herxheimer's acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans]. | 1984 | 6363030 | |
| [serum antibodies against ixodes ricinus spirochaeta in acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (herxheimer)]. | using indirect immunofluorescence, igg antibodies against the recently detected ixodes-ricinus-spirochaeta, which causes erythema chronicum migrans could be demonstrated in all 21 persons with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. titers were from 1 : 64 to 1 : 1024, specific igm antibodies were demonstrable in only 5 patients in a titer of 1 : 64. even after treatment with penicillin high igg antibody titers of up to 1 : 1024 were found. fourfold decreases could be found only once for each igg a ... | 1984 | 6363031 |
| [spirochete etiology of erythema chronicum migrans disease]. | from ticks of the type ixodes ricinus, 19 strains of a spirochete were isolated at three places of infection of erythema chronicum migrans disease. the spirochete was immunologically related to borrelia duttoni, treponema pallidum and ixodes dammini spirochete, the causative organism of north american erythema chronicum migrans disease (lyme disease). the isolated spirochete differed from the north american one in its reaction with monoclonal antibodies and possibly in its electronmicroscopic st ... | 1984 | 6363033 |
| serological diagnosis of erythema migrans disease and related disorders. | an indirect immunofluorescence technique for the determination of antibodies against ixodid tick spirochetes is described. differences in the reactivity between ixodes ricinus spirochete and ixodes dammini spirochete antigens were not observed. cross-reacting antibodies against treponema pallidum and treponema phagedenis can be eliminated by quantitative absorption with t. phagedenis. cross-reactions with leptospira were not observed by immunofluorescence. in the igm test, false negative reactio ... | 1984 | 6392104 |
| ixodes ricinus spirochete and european erythema chronicum migrans disease. | from three endemic locations of erythema chronicum migrans disease in north rhine-westphalia, germany, we recovered 19 isolates of a spirochete from ixodes ricinus ticks. the infection rate in adult ticks was 16 percent. the isolated spirochete is immunologically related to the ixodes dammini spirochete, borrelia duttoni, and treponema pallidum. using indirect immunofluorescence, the sera of 90 patients with erythema chronicum migrans disease showed antibody titers against the isolated spirochet ... | 1984 | 6393609 |
| [clinical aspects and etiology of acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans]. | we followed up nine patients with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca) for an average of 2 years (6-44 months). extradermal symptoms were observed in five patients, three of whom developed systemic signs such as fatigue or general sensitivity to cold; three suffered from cardiac symptoms; and two had joint and/or nervous system involvement. in one patient, erythema migrans and oligoarthralgia preceded the aca. in most patients, the laboratory tests showed changes often seen in inflammatory ... | 1984 | 6394553 |
| [an outbreak of babesiosis in eastern flevoland]. | an outbreak of babesiosis, with babesia divergens as the causative agent, occurred in a herd in one of the more recently reclaimed polders involving at least 12 animals. pasture investigation by blanket-dragging revealed a population of ixodes ricinus ticks, living in and near the approximately fifteen-year-old afforestation. the differential diagnosis and possible routes by which the disease is introduced, are discussed. | 1984 | 6463999 |
| thirteen british cases of erythema chronicum migrans, a spirochaetal disease. | thirteen british cases of erythema chronicum migrans are reported. an antibody to the lyme disease spirochaete was found in three of five recent cases, but lyme disease was not seen. the distribution and life cycle of the tick ixodes ricinus is described and related to the occurrence of erythema chronicum migrans in great britain. | 1984 | 6477830 |
| studies on the dynamics of active populations of the sheep tick, ixodes ricinus l. in co. wicklow, ireland. | 1984 | 6485729 | |
| isolation of eyach virus (reoviridae, colorado tick fever group) from ixodes ricinus and i. ventalloi ticks in france. | during the spring of 1981, two strains of an identical virus were isolated in mayenne, france, from ixodes ricinus l. and ixodes ventalloi gil collado, parasiting a wild rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus l.). virological and serological results indicated that these strains belong to the colorado tick fever serogroup and are indistinguishable from eyach virus, a tick-borne virus previously described from west germany. study of dsrna page profiles confirmed these conclusions. the morphology and morpho ... | 1984 | 6508529 |
| chronic meningitis and lyme disease in sweden. | we studied 35 patients with chronic meningitis. the neurological abnormalities included aseptic meningitis, cranial neuropathy (mostly facial palsy), motor and sensory peripheral radiculoneuropathy, and myelitis. neurological symptoms were sometimes preceded by erythema chronicum migrans or an insect bite and were often accompanied by fever, malaise, profound fatigue, and weight loss. the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) abnormalities consisted of a predominantly mononuclear pleocytosis, an elevated cs ... | 1984 | 6516451 |
| discovery of the lyme disease spirochete and its relation to tick vectors. | the various hypotheses concerning the etiologic agent of erythema chronicum migrans of europe and of lyme disease in the united states are reviewed, and an account of events that led to the discovery of the causative spirochetal agent in ixodes dammini is presented. spirochetes morphologically and antigenically similar, if not identical to, the organism detected in i. dammini were also found for the first time in ixodes pacificus and ixodes ricinus, the vectors hitherto incriminated, respectivel ... | 1984 | 6516454 |
| ultrastructure of spirochetes isolated from ixodes ricinus and ixodes dammini. | two strains of ixodes spirochetes, one isolated in the united states (b31) and the other in sweden (g25), were examined by electron microscopy. cells of strain g25 were 11-25 micron long with a wavelength of 2.1-2.4 micron and an amplitude of 0.4 micron. eleven flagella were inserted subterminally at each end of the cell. cells of strain b31 were similar but had eleven or seven flagella. cytoplasmic tubules were not seen in cells of either strain. although not identical, both strains showed ultr ... | 1984 | 6516456 |
| the global distribution of lyme disease. | following the original description of erythema chronicum migrans (ecm) in sweden in 1909, ecm became widely recognized in europe. the first reported case of ecm acquired in the united states occurred in 1969, and in 1975 the full symptom complex now known as lyme disease was recognized. in 1981, cases of lyme disease were recognized in yet a third continent, australia and, to date, cases acquired in at least 19 countries have been reported. beginning with the original case reported in sweden, cl ... | 1984 | 6516458 |
| [etiology of erythema migrans disease and lyme disease. review and results of personal study]. | erythema chronicum migrans (ecm), lymphadenosis cutis benigna and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca) have been well known in europe for a long time as skin diseases induced by tickbites. earlier hints that these inflammatory dermatoses and associated disorders (erythema migrans disease) might be of spirochetal origin are now supported by the findings of several groups in the usa and europe. in the united states the endemic occurrence of a new inflammatory disease which seems to be closely ... | 1984 | 6519987 |
| passage of hemolysins through the midgut epithelium of female ixodes ricinus l. fed on rabbits infested or reinfested with ticks. | antibodies considered in this study are hemolysins synthesized by rabbits against sheep red blood cells. ingested with the blood meal, they cross the tick midgut epithelium and retain their immunological properties in the hemolymph. during a reinfestation of rabbits, more ticks present these antibodies, and titres are generally higher than during a first infestation. hemolysins are only found in ticks weighing 180 mg or more. | 1984 | 6723929 |
| [tick-borne meningoradiculitis--a form of spirochetosis]. | three pediatric cases of tick-borne meningoradiculitis are presented. this disease is characterized by a distinct sequence of symptoms: erythema chronicum migrans, localized pain, and eventually radicular asymmetric neurologic involvement (in particular facial palsy) associated with findings of aseptic meningitis. on the basis of specific serologic data in these three patients, it is suggested that the etiology of tick-borne meningoradiculitis is also spirochetal , as recently shown for the tick ... | 1984 | 6729423 |
| evidence for flavivirus(es) outside of the distribution area for ixodes ricinus in norway. | small rodent (vole) sera were collected from three different locations in norway. one of these was within the distribution area for ixodes ricinus, and a tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus strain had been isolated from ticks collected there (traavik & mehl, 1977). the two other locations were outside the i. ricinus area, one in southern norway, the other at nearly 70 degrees n. the sera were tested for tbe antibodies by hemagglutination inhibition (hi), hemolysis-in-gel (hig) and complement fix ... | 1984 | 6086747 |
| [wild ungulates as a food source for ixodid ticks in belorussia]. | the stock rise of elk, roe and boar up to 24.2, 20.8, and 29.3 thousand heads, respectively, increased their role as hosts of imaginal developmental stages of ixodes ricinus and dermacentor pictus. elk plays an especially important role as the host of i. ricinus (the index of ticks abundance--7.31, the index of saturation--176.9). the indices of saturation of i. ricinus imagos on roe and boar are 96.5 and 73.1, respectively. d. pictus imagos parasitise, in general, board (the index of ticks abun ... | 1985 | 2931663 |
| replication of tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus in ixodes ricinus ticks. | the influence of external factors on virus carriage of ixodes ricinus ticks in laboratory and in nature was studied. in laboratory experiment, only one nymph was positive for the presence of virus on 120th day after metamorphosis. the virus titer was 10(2) mouse i.c. ld50/0.03 ml. transmission experiments were negative. the nymphs were positive on 75th, 111th and 159th day after metamorphosis, always chilling in the field experiment. the titres of virus varied from the lowest detectable amount v ... | 1985 | 3002922 |
| [infestation of humans by ixodes ricinus l. in the larva, nymph and imago stages]. | 1985 | 3157858 | |
| lyme disease in a 12-year-old girl. | we report the case of a 12-year-old girl with erythema chronicum migrans, aseptic meningitis and knee arthralgia. rise of specific antibody titre against an ixodes ricinus spirochaete was demonstrated. circulating immune complexes and high levels of c1r-c1s-c1ia complexes indicating activation of the complement system via the classical pathway were found. the clinical features and the laboratory findings warranted a diagnosis of lyme disease. | 1985 | 3984718 |
| [progressive borrelia encephalomyelitis. chronic manifestation of erythema chronicum migrans disease of the nervous system]. | a 54-year-old housewife became ill with transient diplopia followed by facial paralysis, tremor of the right hand and a progressively worsening disturbance in gait. four years after the first appearance of the disease bilateral hypacusia, paralysis of the right hypoglossal nerve, dysarthria, severe spastic tetraparesis with ataxia, urinary retention and an organically induced character change were present. lumbar puncture fluid contained 51/mm3 lymphocytes and 1164 mg/dl protein. immunoglobulin ... | 1985 | 4006760 |
| immunity of dogs against babesia canis, its vector tick dermacentor reticulatus, and ixodes ricinus in endemic area. | previous epidemiological studies allowed us to accurately define endemic areas of canine babesiosis and tick distribution in southeastern france (martinod, 1983). using a micro-elisa test 100 dogs sera were tested with 3 antigens: babesia canis, dermacentor reticulatus and ixodes ricinus. antibodies against b. canis and its vector d. reticulatus were detected in an endemic area, sometimes with high levels (optical density 1.38 and 0.80 respectively). a correlation factor and regression lines wer ... | 1985 | 4009345 |
| ixodes (ixodes) pararicinus, n. sp. (acari: ixodoidea: ixodidae), a south american cattle tick long confused with ixodes ricinus. | 1985 | 4045937 | |
| [borreliosis--still a diagnostic labyrinth]. | acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans and meningo-polyneuritis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth following initial erythema migrans represent infectious diseases and may lead to diagnostic misinterpretation. three case reports illustrate the spirochetal nature of these entities usually transmitted by ticks (ixodes ricinus). | 1985 | 4049991 |
| ixodes ricinus spirochete infection as the cause of postinfectious arthritis in sweden. | antibodies to swedish ixodes ricinus spirochete were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in sera from 298 patients with postinfectious arthritis. sera from healthy individuals, patients with acute infectious meningitis of proven etiology and patients with multiple sclerosis served as controls. with the upper limit of normal values set at the 95 percentile of controls, 18 of 298 (6%) arthritis patients had positive serum antibody titres. titres above the 100 percentile of c ... | 1985 | 4081658 |
| [pick-herxmeier disease: a new spirochetosis. value of serodiagnosis of the spirochete of ixodes ricinus (2 cases)]. | 1985 | 4091424 | |
| studies on the larval activity of the tick ixodes ricinus l. in co. wicklow, ireland. | the activity of larval i. ricinus was studied in the field and on experimental plots in an attempt to determine the origin and population dynamics of larvae at different times of the year. a comparison of sampling methods showed that the previously observed small size of the spring peak relative to the midsummer peak is not a sampling artifact and is a genuine measure of the prevalence of active larvae. it was established that spring-active larvae are derived from spring-fed adults which contrib ... | 1985 | 3870961 |
| the global distribution of lyme disease. | erythema chronicum migrans (ecm), the skin lesion characteristic of lyme disease, was first described in sweden in 1909; subsequently, cases of ecm have been reported from at least 19 countries on three continents. in europe cases have occurred within the range of ixodes ricinus ticks, the recognized vector of ecm in europe, although one case outside this range has been ascribed to mosquito bites. in 1970 the first case of ecm acquired in the united states was reported, and in 1977, the full sym ... | 1985 | 3885366 |
| diagnosis of spirochetal meningitis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence assay in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. | the antibody response against a spirochetal strain isolated from swedish ixodes ricinus ticks was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and indirect immunofluorescence assay of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and serum specimens from 45 patients with chronic meningitis. samples of csf, serum, or both from patients with various infections of the central nervous system, multiple sclerosis, syphilis, or infectious mononucleosis and from healthy individuals served as control samples. pro ... | 1985 | 3889049 |
| erythema chronicum migrans afzelius and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. early and late manifestations of ixodes ricinus-borne borrelia spirochetes. | in the present thesis consecutive patients, 231 with ecma, 41 with aca and 20 with facial palsy (bell's palsy), have been studied. it has been shown that spirochetes, transmitted by the tick ixodes ricinus, are involved in the etiology of ecma and aca. this has been shown through the isolation and cultivation of spirochetes from ticks and from the skin of patients with ecma and aca. the spirochetes have morphological characteristics similar to those of the genus borrelia. no antigenic difference ... | 1985 | 3901647 |
| tick-borne borrelia infection in sweden. | spirochetes were cultivated from 17% of 114 ixodes ricinus ticks in the stockholm area. three strains of these spirochetes were selected for studies by electron microscopy. these three strains had definite morphological similarities to spirochetes of the genus borrelia, as judged by the number of flagella, absence of cytoplasmic tubules, and dimensions. the three strains were not identical, but seemed to consist of two different kinds of cells, one with eight and one with eleven flagella. the th ... | 1985 | 3903977 |
| [lymphocytoma--a borreliosis?]. | 4 patients suffering from lymphocytoma had been observed for a mean of 1.75 years (13 to 21 month). the lesions were located on the ears; all patients developed regional lymphadenopathy. two patients experienced headaches of short duration, one child showed six erythema migrans lesions, and another child had an elevated igm level of 322 mg/dl. a tick bite was noted in one child. indirect immunofluorescence tests revealed significantly elevated igg or igm antibody titers against ixodes dammini an ... | 1985 | 3904252 |
| [erythema migrans borreliosis in the federal republic of germany. epidemiology and clinical aspects]. | a positive antibody titre against ixodes-ricinus-borrelia (burgdorferi), using indirect immunofluorescence or elisa, could be detected in serum and (or) liquor of 935 (32%) out of a total of 2955 patients between january 1984 and july 1985. in 289 of these cases the typical clinical manifestations were lacking whereas a characteristic disease picture enabled a diagnosis to be made in 171 patients with negative or borderline antibody titres. the 1106 cases of infection observed covered all region ... | 1985 | 3905325 |
| a carbon dioxide trap for prolonged sampling of ixodes ricinus l. populations. | a carbon dioxide trap designed to capture ixodes ricinus over periods of up to 7 days is described. the trap compared favourably with blanket dragging and flagging in areas of high tick density, particularly on rough ground and for adult ticks; it was also surprisingly efficient for larvae. ticks appeared to be captured throughout the 7-day trapping period. the maximum attraction distance recorded for adult female ticks was 3.5 m and for nymphs 1.0 m. trapping rates were influenced by air temper ... | 1985 | 3939717 |
| sheep tick in the eyelid. | the uncomplicated removal of a tick, ixodes ricinus, from the lid is described. methods of removal of ticks, their natural history, and potential complications are discussed. | 1986 | 3947602 |
| inhibition of babesia divergens in cattle by oxytetracycline. | the effects of continuous oxytetracycline administration on the development of parasitaemia of babesia divergens during both natural and artificial infections were studied. during natural exposure on grazing heavily infested with ixodes ricinus, seven out of 42 cattle with no previous exposure to tick-borne diseases were injected every four days with a long acting preparation of oxytetracycline at a dose rate of 20 mg/kg. during the six week grazing period 21 untreated cattle developed a patent ... | 1986 | 3952967 |
| a computer simulation of the effects of specific environmental factors on the development of the sheep tick ixodes ricinus l. | a previously developed technique for predicting field development rates of the tick, ixodes ricinus, has been modified and used in an attempt to test interpretations of field data and to gain further insight into the population dynamics of i. ricinus. the results of this study have provided encouraging evidence of the validity of the predictive technique, identified certain areas in the biology of i. ricinus which require further investigation and, in general, supported the suggestion that in ir ... | 1986 | 3962155 |
| some diagnostic, biologic and morphologic characteristics of francisella tularensis strains isolated from the ticks ixodes ricinus (l.) in the prague agglomeration. | four infectious agents were isolated from the ticks ixodes ricinus (l.) collected in the recreational area and park-forest of prague. on the basis of cultivation, staining, biochemical, serologic properties, pathogenicity for animals and histological tests they were identified as francisella tularensis with the following features: they are short, gram-negative rods of approximate dimensions of 0.3 x 0.8 micron, growing in enriched media after 3-4 day incubation at 37 degrees c. they form small c ... | 1986 | 3699624 |
| arbovirological survey in silica plateau area, roznava district, czechoslovakia. | the serosurveys conducted in the silica plateau area of the slovak karst region revealed the presence of specific neutralizing antibody against tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) virus in 18% of local inhabitants (33 examined, mostly goats and sheep farmers), 54% of goats (26 examined), 18% of sheep (120 examined) and 13% of cattle (60 examined), against lipovník (lip) virus in 30% of inhabitants, 88% of goats, 55% of sheep and 45% of cattle, and against bhanja (bha) virus in 27% of inhabitants, 46% ... | 1986 | 3701055 |
| endotoxicity associated with the lyme disease borrelia: recent findings. | the endotoxicity of borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, a tick-borne spirochetosis, was studied using limulus assay and pyrogen test in rabbit. some suspensions of ixodes ricinus and ixodes dammini associated borrelia were able to gelify limulus lysate and demonstrated a febrile response in rabbit. these findings and other recent data demonstrating an endotoxin-like activity of the lyme disease agent are discussed in the context of the pathogenic mechanisms of the illness. | 1986 | 3713546 |
| [distribution and population count of ixodes ricinus (l.) in prague]. | 1986 | 3713644 | |
| [3 infections by trypanosomes observed in hyalomma detritum, ixodes ricinus and rhipicephalus sanguineus (acarina: ixodidae)]. | 1986 | 3726517 | |
| [a case of anomaly in the nymph of ixodes ricinus (linnaeus, 1758) (acari: ixodida: ixodidae) collected in natural foci]. | 1986 | 3727587 | |
| acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans--a spirochetosis. clinical and histopathological picture based on 32 patients; course and relationship to erythema chronicum migrans afzelius. | the recent discovery that spirochetes transmitted by the tick ixodes ricinus are involved in the etiology of erythema chronicum migrans afzelius (ecma), bannwarth's syndrome, and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca) has thrown new light upon these disorders. thirty-two patients showing clinical and serological evidence of aca were investigated. histologically, constant findings in active aca lesions were telangiectases and a lymphocytic infiltrate with a moderate to rich admixture of plasma ... | 1986 | 3728879 |
| [annual evolution of the infestation of cattle with the tick ixodes ricinus l. and infestation of these ectoparasites by babesia divergens in clos-du-doubs (jura, switzerland)]. | 1986 | 3749852 | |
| [borrelia infections, transmitted by the tick ixodes ricinus]. | 1986 | 3765756 | |
| use of deltamethrin 'pour on' for control of the sheep tick ixodes ricinus. | 1986 | 3776056 |