Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| hemolymph of anopheles stephensi from noninfected and plasmodium berghei-infected mosquitoes. 1. collection procedure and physical characteristics. | hemolymph was collected from adult female anopheles stephensi by centrifugation of incised mosquitoes. approximately 0.1 muliter was collected from each recently emerged mosquito, although smaller amounts were recovered with increasing age of the mosquito. determinations were made of the ph, osmotic pressure, and specific gravity of this hemolymph at various times during the life of the adult mosquito. the values obtained were within the ranges found for other insects. hemolymph collected from m ... | 1978 | 31425 |
| [toxicity of bacillus thuringienses var. israelensis for larvae of aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi]. | the comparative study of the larvicidal action of b. thuringiensis var. israelensis on a. aegypti and a. stephensi shows the greater sensitivity of a. aegypti, with 100% of mortality in 30 to 40 min. at high doses. but, for both species of mosquito, the toxicity of these bacteria is very high, as shown by the mortality regression curves and by the lc50. this toxicity is associated with the crystals and can be extracted from them by dilute alkali solution, like the general case of the other serot ... | 1978 | 96979 |
| plasmodium falciparum: responses of a semi-immune individual to homologous and heterologous challenges, and non-infectivity of gametocytes in anopheles stephensi. | with strict adherence to ethical guidelines, a semi-immune volunteer was exposed to homologous and heterologous blood challenges with strains of plasmodium falciparum from vietnam and tanzania. on both occasions infections developed, but clinical manifestations were moderated, prepatent periods increased, and parasitemias limited. gametocytes produced by these infections failed to infect anopheles stephensi. possible reasons for this are discussed. | 1978 | 343609 |
| plasmodium falciparum in culture: establishment of additional strains. | the establishment of new strains of plasmodium falciparum in continuous culture is described. one line (fcr-2), isolated from an individual who had traveled extensively through south america, was passed initially through aotus trivirgatus monkeys and then cultured into human erythrocytes using the flow-vial technique. a strain of p. falciparum fmg), shipped by air freight on wet ice from the gambia, was cultured directly from a human infection into continuous culture using the petri dish-candle ... | 1978 | 356635 |
| anopheles stephensi: effect of gamma-radiation and chemosterilants on the fertility and fitness of males for sterile male releases. | 1978 | 690317 | |
| hemolymph of anopheles stephensi from uninfected and plasmodium berghei-infected mosquitoes. 2. free amino acids. | determinations were made of free amino acids in hemolymph collected from adult female anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. the hemolymph first was fractionated by extraction and precipitation procedures, after which qualitative determinations of free amino acids were made by high voltage thin layer electrophoresis, and thin layer chromatography. subsequent quantitative determinations were made with an automatic amino acid analyzer. the concentration of total free amino acids in the hemolymph rose 60- ... | 1979 | 376812 |
| hemolymph of anopheles stephensi from noninfected and plasmodium berghei-infected mosquitoes. 3. carbohydrates. | determinations were made of carbohydrates in hemolymph collected from adult female mosquitoes (anopheles stephensi). first the hemolymph was fractionated by extraction and precipitation procedures, after which qualitative and quantitative determinations of carbohydrates were made by thin layer chromatography. the most abundant sugars found in the hemolymph were glucose and trehalose, though maltose, glucuronic acid, and inositol could be found after the mosquitoes took blood meals. after the mos ... | 1979 | 376818 |
| partial suppression of malaria parasites in aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi doubly infected with nosema algerae and plasmodium. | 1979 | 395108 | |
| hemolymph volume of noninfected and plasmodium berghei-infected anopheles stephensi. | 1979 | 395256 | |
| pathology of anopheles stephensi after infection with plasmodium berghei berghei. i. mortality rate. | the mortality of p. berghei-infected anopheles stephensi females can be about 30% higher during the first three days than in normal blood-fed mosquitoes. as expected the mortality is higher after feeding on highly infected mice but also depends on the date of feeding and the temperature. infected mosquitoes kept at 25 degrees c die more often than those kept at 21 degrees c. on the other hand sporozoite production needs the low temperature of 21 degrees c. so the sporozoite production rate falls ... | 1979 | 396729 |
| pathology of anopheles stephensi after infection with plasmodium berghei berghei. ii. changes in amino acid contents. | infection with plasmodium berghei results in the disease of a relatively high percentage of mosquitoes depending on the experimental conditions. the damage caused by the parasites may be so severe that the host dies. it can also become manifest for instance in a change in the amino acid content of the mosquito homogenate. the amino acid content of mosquitoes fed on a glucose solution, normal mouse blood, or the blood of infected mice was analysed qualitatively and quantitatively over a period of ... | 1979 | 396730 |
| use of attenuated sporozoites in the immunization of human volunteers against falciparum malaria. | three human volunteers were successfully protected against sporozoite challenge by immunization with attenuated sporozoites of the tamenie strain of plasmodium falciparum from ethiopia. the immunizing sporozoites were attenuated by exposing infected anopheles stephensi mosquitos to x-rays at a dose of at least 120 gy (12 000 rad). these irradiated, infected mosquitos were allowed to feed upon volunteers, thereby inoculating sporozoites into their blood stream. during the 10- to 38-week period of ... | 1979 | 120773 |
| rapid, large-scale isolation of plasmodium berghei sporozoites from infected mosquitoes. | the discontinuous gradient technique for recovery of malarial sporozoites from mosquitoes (beaudoin et al., 1977) has been modified to speed up recovery and prevent sensitization of mice by components of the gradient which contaminate the sporozoites used as antigen. mouse serum was substituted for bsa in the gradient because the latter produced hypersensitivity. best results were obtained with gradients consisting of medium 199, renografin and mouse serum. heavy and light solution of gradient c ... | 1979 | 39127 |
| studies of day-time resting places of anopheles stephensi liston in salem (tamil nadu). | 1979 | 457198 | |
| a release-recapture experiment with the malaria vector, anopheles stephensi liston, with observations on dispersal, survivorship, population size, gonotrophic rhythm and mating behaviour. | 10 118 female and 10 863 male anopheles stephensi were released on three successive nights at a breeding site near the village of sattoki, punjab province, pakistan during early may, 1977. a total of 721 (7.13%) females and 505 (4.65%) males were recaptured resting indoors, feeding on buffaloes and swarming. the average distance dispersed for females and males recaptured resting inside 13 cattle sheds within 2.17 km of the release point was 165.5 m and 184.8 m, respectively. the maximum longevit ... | 1979 | 496476 |
| isolation of metarrhizium anisopliae, beauveria tenella and fusarium oxysporum (deuteromycetes) and their pathogenicity to culex fatigans and anopheles stephensi. | 1979 | 535971 | |
| breeding of anopheles stephensi (liston) in wells and cisterns in salem, tamil nadu. | 1979 | 548474 | |
| seasonal changes in the density and natural mortality of immature stages of the urban malaria vector, anopheles stephensi (liston) in wells in pondicherry. | 1979 | 548475 | |
| the salivary gland chromosomes of anopheles ramsayi and its relationship with anopheles stephensi (culicidae: diptera). | 1979 | 527383 | |
| [isolation of a spore fraction of bacillus sphaericus toxic for larvae of anopheles]. | a lethal fraction for anopheles stephensi larvae has been isolated from bacillus sphaericus strain 1593 spores by various methods the best results have been obtained by freezing and thawing which give an extract made in majority of protein with high molecular weight and causing 100% of mortality in 24 hours. because of its easy extracction and its lack of diaminopimelic acid, the toxic fraction is thought to be located outside the spore coats. | 1980 | 6780213 |
| transmission of plasmodium vivax from vietnam by four different anophelines. | infections of the sv-i strain of plasmodium vivax from vietnam were transmitted via the bites of infected anopheles stephensi, an. maculatus, and an. balabacensis balabacensis mosquitoes. infected salivary glands were also found in an. freeborni mosquitoes. in 18 successful transmissions, prepatent periods ranged from 10--17 days. four black volunteers failed to develop infections even though they were fed upon by heavily infected an. maculatus and an. b. balabacensis mosquitoes. | 1980 | 6992611 |
| the chemotherapy of rodent malaria, xxxii. the influence of p-aminobenzoic acid on the transmission of plasmodium yoelii and p. berghei by anopheles stephensi. | more oocysts of plasmodium yoelii developed in anopheles stephensi if the mosquitoes received a supplement of p-aminobenzoic acid (paba) in their diet prior to their taking an infective blood meal, than in unsupplemented control insects. the optimum concentration was 0.05% paba in 10% sucrose. this effect was not observed if the blood meal was taken prior to feeding with paba. similarly, paba administered to gametocyte-carrying mice increased the numbers of oocysts developing in mosquitoes fed o ... | 1980 | 6994664 |
| feasibility of using sterile-male technique for the control of anopheles stephensi liston in the field: laboratory & field cage studies with chemosterilants. | 1980 | 6777293 | |
| fine structure of the antennal sensory hairs in female anopheles stephensi. | the fine structure of the sensory hairs on the antennal flagellum of female anopheles stephensi was studied by electron microscopy. the antennal hairs were divided into at least five different types, on the basis of hair diameter, hair wall thickness, communicating channel density, and dendritic branching in the hair lumen. regardless of different types, however, all hairs, presumed to be olfactory receptors, were found to be innervated by two sensory cells. | 1980 | 7376695 |
| antennal sensory receptors of the male mosquito, anopheles stephensi. | it was shown by electron microscopy that antennae of male anopheles stephensi have the same types of sensory receptors as the females, with sunken pegs (sensilla ampullacea and sensilla coeloconica), surface pegs (sensilla basiconica), hairs (sensilla trichodea), bristles and fibrillae (sensilla chaetica), and scolopidia in the johnston's organ. compared with the female, the male mosquito has fewer than half of the sensory cells in the flagellum, but many more in the johnston's organ. the smalle ... | 1980 | 7368776 |
| contact and vapour toxicity of bendiocarb and pirimiphosmethyl against culex quinquefasciatus and anopheles stephensi. | 1981 | 7319575 | |
| dna replication in polytene chromosomes: similarity of termination patterns in somatic and germ-line derived polytene chromosomes of anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae). | 1981 | 7297250 | |
| studies of density and natural survival of immatures of anopheles stephensi liston in wells of salem (tamil nadu). | 1981 | 7287088 | |
| the genetics of three larval mutants in anopheles stephensi. | 1981 | 7287087 | |
| inversion(2)r1 in anopheles stephensi, its distribution and relation to egg size. | 1981 | 7197258 | |
| homologous banding patterns in the polytene chromosomes from the larval salivary glands and ovarian nurse cells of anopheles stephensi liston (culicidae). | a comparison of the banding patterns of two homologous polytene chromosome arms from the larval salivary gland and ovarian nurse cell complement of anopheles stephensi is presented. the homologous chromosomes from the somatic larval salivary glands and germ-line derived ovarian nurse cells have essentially the same band-interband organisation. an analysis of the 3h-uridine labelling patterns of a small chromosome segment from the two tissues indicates that germ-line polytene chromosomes are not ... | 1981 | 7196828 |
| satellite dna of anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae). chromosomal location and under-replication in polytene nuclei. | four satellite dnas in the anopheles stephensi genome have been defined on the basis of their banding properties in hoechst 33258-cscl density gradients. two of these satellites, satellites i and ii, are visible on neutral cscl density gradients as a light density peak forming approximately 15% of total cellular dna. hoechst-cscl density gradient profiles of dna extracted from polytene tissues indicates that these satellites are underreplicated in larval salivary gland cells and adult female mal ... | 1981 | 7196314 |
| morphometric parameters of the midgut cells of aedes aegypti l. (insecta, diptera) under various conditions. | previous morphometric or biochemical investigations have yielded different data on the distribution of free and membrane-bound ribosomes in midgut cells of aedes aegypti. in the present paper ribosomal distribution has been morphometrically analysed to determine whether different mosquito strains, different food and different narcosis used in these previous studies, and/or methodological errors, could account for the different results. most of the cellular parameters in the stomach epithelium of ... | 1981 | 7023689 |
| imported filariasis in pakistan. | night blood surveys for filariasis were carried out in two camps of repatriates from bangladesh. the sample consisted of 1,101 biharis above one year of age of whom 9.0% were found infected with wuchereria bancrofti. the infection rate was significantly higher in males (10.2%) than in females (6.7%). of the three mosquito species (anopheles stephensi, culex pipiens fatigans and c. tritaeniorhynchus) collected in and around the camps, 4.1 and 2.5% of c. p. fatigans were found positive for w. banc ... | 1981 | 7036440 |
| [studies on antimalarial drug. ii. the causal prophylactic activity of antimalarial in animal model. part i. plasmodium yoelii-anopheles stephensi system (author's transl)]. | 1981 | 7257809 | |
| control of anopheles stephensi with larvicide and adulticide in salem, tamil nadu. | 1981 | 7287086 | |
| larval susceptibility of culex pipiens fatigans and anopheles stephensi to metarrhizum anisopliae. | 1981 | 6116669 | |
| evaluation of methoprene (a juvenile hormone) against culex quinquefasciatus, anopheles stephensi and aedes aegypti. | 1981 | 7309181 | |
| susceptibility of culex quinquefasciatus, aedes aegypti, anopheles culicifacies and anopheles stephensi against insecticides. | 1982 | 7106890 | |
| anopheles stephensi and toxorhynchites amboinensis: aseptic rearing of mosquito larvae on cultured cells. | aseptic larvae of anopheles stephensi and toxorhynchites amboinensis were reared on a continuous cell line (ru tae 12 v) from the mosquito, t. amboinensis, that grew in suspension as multicellular vesicles. surface-sterilized eggs were hatched in a 24-well plate containing 0.2 ml of leibovitz's l-15 medium per well and incubated in a humidified atmosphere. toxorhynchites amboinensis eggs of 36 hr or older were placed singly to assure hatching and avoid cannibalism. hatching rates were over 80%. ... | 1982 | 6129294 |
| [exo-erythrocytic schizogony of plasmodium falciparum in the monkey cebus apella (author's transl)]. | p. falciparum sporozoïtes obtained by membrane-feeding of anopheles stephensi with blood containing gametocytes were injected intravenously to the monkey cebus apella. 5 days later, a great number of exo-erythrocytic stages were found in the liver, and appeared to be morphologically similar to those described in man. the host specificity of the sporozoïte seems less restricted than that of the merozoïte. | 1982 | 6178483 |
| [establishment of monkey model of plasmodium cynomolgi-anopheles stephensi system and its use for tissue shizontocide test]. | 1982 | 6216007 | |
| [system model of plasmodium yoelii--anopheles stephensi for screening tissue schizontocides]. | 1982 | 6217911 | |
| estimates of malaria vectorial capacity for anopheles culicifacies and anopheles stephensi in rural punjab province pakistan. | 1982 | 6750125 | |
| direct infection of hepatocytes by sporozoites of plasmodium berghei. | to identify the unknown liver cell type initially invaded by sporozoites of mammalian malaria, young rats were inoculated intravenously with large numbers of plasmodium berghei sporozoites obtained from infected anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. fine structural studies of liver specimens obtained from the rats within 2 min after inoculation demonstrated the presence of morphologically unaltered sporozoites in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. many sporozoites were also observed undergoing cytolysis wi ... | 1982 | 6752394 |
| cultivation of fertile plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in semi-automated systems. 1. static cultures. | a semi-automated cultivation apparatus for the in vitro culture of plasmodium falciparum gametocytes is described. this apparatus has been designed to produce large numbers of fertile sexual stages for use in the development of a gamete vaccine or for the infection of suitable mosquitoes. these mosquitoes in turn may be used for the development of a possible sporozoite vaccine. loss of red cells during medium change has been eliminated and the addition of warmed fresh medium simplified compared ... | 1982 | 6761910 |
| the production of mature gametocytes of plasmodium falciparum in continuous cultures of different isolates infective to mosquitoes. | in vitro gametocytogenesis of plasmodium falciparum was observed in all 22 isolates established in this laboratory. gametocytes were produced in variable numbers--up to 3% of red cells--for a limited period of time after which this stage was seen only very sporadically. complete maturation of microgametocytes in vitro was obtained in all 14 of the isolates that were tested for exflagellation. up to 88.2% of membrane-fed anopheles stephensi were infected from material produced in culture. it was ... | 1982 | 7048650 |
| vaccination to prevent transmission of plasmodium yoelii malaria. | it was possible to block the transmission of infection of the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis to anopheles stephensi mosquitoes by immunizing mice with a vaccine containing formalin-fixed gametes. both intramuscular and intravenous routes were effective, immunity was achieved with a single dose and the immunity persisted for 6 months at least. transmission-blocking immunity was found to reside in a serum factor, probably antibody, and to be directed against extracellular ga ... | 1982 | 7070834 |
| a kinetic and ultrastructural comparison of alphavirus infection of cultured mosquito and vertebrate cells. | vero cells and aedes pseudoscutellaris cells showed rapid production of semliki forest virus (sfv) whereas in aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi cells no rapid production of sfv was observed. ultrastructurally the only virally induced cell inclusion in early infection was the cytopathic vacuole type 1. later in infection, in mosquito cells, electron-dense bodies appear and budding of new virions appears to be very efficient. in vero cells large accumulations of envelope proteins and nucleocap ... | 1982 | 7154145 |
| anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae): changes in male mating competence and reproductive system morphology associated with aging and mating. | 1982 | 7143380 | |
| electrophoretic studies on protein changes during developmental stages of anopheles stephensi. | 1982 | 7085030 | |
| free-flow electrophoretic separation of plasmodium berghei sporozoites. | sporozoites of the rodent malaria, plasmodium berghei, were obtained from infected anopheles stephensi by grinding mosquitoes, prepurifying the material in a discontinuous hypaque gradient and further purifying by means of continuous free-flow electrophoresis. bacteria, debris, mitochondria, mitoplasts, and other contaminants were removed in the electric field. the isolated sporozoites were morphologically intact and were positive in indirect immunofluorescence assay. they were infective to mice ... | 1983 | 6343576 |
| [in vitro infestation of human hepatocytes by sporozoites of plasmodium vivax: schizogony and liberation of merozoites capable of infesting human erythrocytes]. | human hepatocytes obtained by perfusion of a liver biopsy fragment, were infected in vitro with plasmodium vivax sporozoites raised in anopheles stephensi. on day 7 of culture, numerous hepatocytic schizonts ranging in size from 5 to 35 micrometers were observed. the schizont maturation was complete and led to the release of invasive merozoites as shown by in vitro infestation of human red cells layered on the hepatocytes cultures. | 1983 | 6357031 |
| effect of 60co-irradiation on the development and immunogenicity of plasmodium berghei sporozoites in anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. | protection conferred to mice by plasmodium berghei sporozoites increased significantly when the time interval between 60co-irradiation of the infected mosquitoes and harvest of sporozoites increased. one thousand sporozoites conferred no protection against challenge if harvested on the day of irradiation, but protected 60% of recipient mice when harvested 28 days postirradiation. when the time between feeding of mosquitoes and irradiation was varied, sporozoites from mosquitoes irradiated 3 days ... | 1983 | 6368786 |
| plasmodium berghei: inhibition of the sporogonous cycle by alpha-difluoromethylornithine. | alpha-difluoromethylornithine (dfmo), an enzyme inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, inhibits the sporogonous cycle of the malaria parasite plasmodium berghei in the mosquito vector anopheles stephensi. dfmo was administered to the mosquitoes dissolved either in the sugar solution at their disposal in the cages or through blood meals taken from treated mice. the mice subsequently bitten by mosquitoes treated with dfmo by both routes of administration did not contract malaria. | 1983 | 6413237 |
| the chemotherapy of rodent malaria, xxxiv. causal prophylaxis part iii: ultrastructural changes induced in exo-erythrocytic schizonts of plasmodium yoelii yoelii by primaquine. | wistar rats were injected intravenously with sporozoites from anopheles stephensi infected with plasmodium yoelii yoelii. the animals were subsequently treated with primaquine at doses of 30, 50 or 100 mg kg-1 at various times. liver biopsies were made and the exoerythrocytic schizonts examined by light and electron microscopy between 45 and 50 hours. the action of the drug appeared to be principally on the parasite mitochondria, the membranes of which became thickened, then proliferated into mu ... | 1983 | 6140901 |
| [studies on plasmodium atheruri]. | plasmodium atheruri, a parasite of the african porcupine atherurus africanus, is infective to splenectomised laboratory rats and mice, to hamsters and to 2 exotic rodents which are easily bred in captivity: calomys callosus and meriones unguiculatus. sporogony develops in anopheles stephensi fed on atherurus and on laboratory rodents; it is similar to that of the rodent plasmodia. exoerythrocytic schizogony usually lasts 4 to 6 days but schizonts have been found in the liver of a porcupine at da ... | 1983 | 6673640 |
| [biological characteristics of simian malaria model of plasmodium cynomolgi-anopheles stephensi system and its response to antimalarials]. | 1983 | 6679168 | |
| the genetics of malathion resistance in anopheles stephensi from pakistan. | 1983 | 6679355 | |
| urban malaria control situation and environmental issues, madras city, india. | madras was one of 22 urban places in india where centrally sponsored urban malaria control schemes were introduced in 1971-1972. yet since 1970, malaria cases have actually registered a significant increase in madras. this paper deals with some critical environmental issues facing malaria control schemes. the overall spatial trends and patterns of malaria incidence are illustrated through maps for the years 1975-1981. areas of high incidence are shown in the northern part of the city which is al ... | 1983 | 6681162 |
| peritrophic membranes and protease activity in the midgut of the malaria mosquito, anopheles stephensi (liston) (insecta: diptera) under normal and experimental conditions. | formation and solubility of the peritrophic membranes (pm) in the midgut (stomach) of female anopheles stephensi depended on salt concentration in the gut lumen. high calcium drastically reduced the solubility of the pm in vitro. thin-layer chromatography revealed the presence of n-acetylgalactosamine and galactose in the pm. in contrast to aedes aegypti no n-acetylglucosamine was present indicating significant differences between anopheles and aedes mosquitoes with respect to pm formation and c ... | 1983 | 6345801 |
| a mosquito-virulent bacillus sphaericus in adult simulium damnosum from northern nigeria. | from newly emerged adult simulium damnosum from kaduna river, northern nigeria, a mosquito-virulent strain of bacillus sphaericus was isolated. in another four cases non-virulent b. sphaericus were present. the isolate exerted a lc50 of 50 spores/ml for culex pipiens l4-larvae and was less virulent for anopheles stephensi (400 sp/ml) and aedes aegypti (800 sp/ml). | 1984 | 6720123 |
| the importance of disease induced changes in mammalian body temperature to mosquito blood feeding. | laboratory mice infected with rodent malaria (plasmodium berghei or p. chabaudi) or st. louis encephalitis virus (sle) were not hyperthermic during the infection period. however, all infected animals displayed pathogen-specific periods of hypothermia. hamsters infected with p. berghei were hyperthermic on day 7 postinfection (pi) but became hypothermic on day 8 pi and remained so until death, approximately 20 days pi. body temperatures of mice infected with p. yoelii were not significantly diffe ... | 1984 | 6142803 |
| inversion polymorphisms in natural populations of anopheles stephensi. | a preliminary survey of natural populations of anopheles stephensi liston in pakistan has uncovered the presence of 16 autosomal paracentric inversions. twelve previously undescribed inversions were observed in the field populations and an additional new one was seen in a laboratory colony. a comparison of urban and rural populations showed striking differences in the kinds and frequencies of paracentric inversions. | 1984 | 6498600 |
| scanning electron microscopic observations of the oocyst, sporoblast and sporozoite of plasmodium yoelii yoelii. | scanning electron microscopy was used to study the surface characteristics of the oocyst, sporoblast and sporozoite of plasmodium yoelii yoelii. observations were made of the sporogonic stages of 6-12 day infections of the malaria parasite in anopheles stephensi. oocyst and sporoblast development were not synchronous. the surface of the undifferentiated (early stage) oocyst appeared smooth, whereas that of differentiated (late stage) oocysts were rough or wrinkled. the wall of the differentiated ... | 1984 | 6527185 |
| sumithione, an organophosphorus insecticide, induces a puff at the locus 43d/42a in the polytene chromosomes of the mosquito anopheles stephensi. | 1984 | 6745422 | |
| genetics of three esterase loci in anopheles stephensi liston. | a survey of laboratory strains of anopheles stephensi for nonspecific esterases by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed 10 zones of esterase activity. in 3 of the 10 zones, three electromorphs were observed. genetic analysis revealed that these three zones are controlled by three loci, viz., est-3, est-4, and est-5, and that the electromorphs are codominant alleles at each locus. the three esterase loci were found linked to each other and to an autosomal marker colorless-eye. the esterase ... | 1984 | 6466290 |
| genetic analysis of a linkage group iii mutant in anopheles stephensi. | 1985 | 3880219 | |
| genetic analysis of three new eye colour mutations in the mosquito, anopheles stephensi. | three new eye colour mutants, scarlet eye (wsca), red-spotted eye (prs) and pigmentless eye (p) were isolated in the malaria vector, anopheles stephensi. genetic analysis revealed that all three mutants are sex-linked and recessive to the wild type. scarlet eye is allelic to white eye but is not to either red-spotted eye or pigmentless eye, which are allelic to each other; 5.7% recombination was observed between the white eye and pigmentless eye loci. | 1985 | 3907559 |
| location of the gene for malathion resistance in anopheles stephensi (diptera: culicidae) from pakistan. | 1985 | 4045934 | |
| avermectins, mk-933 and mk-936, for mosquito control. | two avermectins were shown to be effective as mosquito larvicides or when fed to adult female mosquitoes in sucrose solution or in blood. larval lc50 values of compounds mk-933 and mk-936, expressed as parts per billion, were found to be 3.94 and 2.42 for culex pipiens, 5.85 and 2.90 for anopheles stephensi and 23.4 and 10.4 for aedes aegypti. when fed to adult females of an. stephensi, ae. aegypti or cx quinquefasciatus, mk-933 at 2.8mg active ingredient per litre in sucrose solution caused com ... | 1985 | 3832491 |
| studies on the north korean strain of plasmodium vivax in aotus monkeys and different anophelines. | twenty-two aotus monkeys of different karyotypes were infected with the north korean strain of plasmodium vivax. aotus lemurinus griseimembra animals from colombia produced higher maximum parasitemias and more readily infected mosquitoes than did aotus monkeys from bolivia (k-vi) or peru (k-v and k-x). comparative feedings indicated that the most susceptible mosquito species was anopheles stephensi, followed by an. gambiae, an. dirus, an. freeborni, an. quadrimaculatus, an. culicifacies, and an. ... | 1985 | 3884764 |
| gametocytogenesis and ribosomal rrna gene organisation in the rodent malarias plasmodium chabaudi and plasmodium berghei. | a cloned plasmodium berghei (anka) isolate was syringe passaged repeatedly to generate a line that was non-infective to anopheles stephensi. ribosomal gene organisation of this non-infective line was then compared to its infective ancestor. dna was also prepared from asexual parasites and gametocytes of p. chabaudi and the arrangement of the rrna genes of this species was studied. although macrogametocytes have many more ribosomes than microgametocytes, this increase does not appear to stem from ... | 1985 | 3887155 |
| an ultrastructural study on the sporogony of plasmodium vivax in anopheles stephensi. | 1985 | 3896870 | |
| malarial parasites complete sporogony in axenic mosquitoes. | to obtain sporogonic stages of malaria free from microbial contaminants for in vitro studies, anopheles stephensi were reared under sterile conditions using a mosquito cell line as larval food. the adult females, kept in sterile humidified containers and allowed to engorge on parasitemic hamsters, supported the sporogonic development of the rodent malarial parasite plasmodium berghei. in 10 experiments, the proportion of infected mosquitoes varied from 0 to 92%, and the geometric mean number of ... | 1985 | 3899715 |
| a point survey of periurban and urban malaria in karachi. | a point survey of malaria in karachi revealed a concentration of malaria cases in the periurban perimeter and marginal areas where immigrating groups, including afghan refugees and biharis from bangladesh are concentrated. populations of anopheles stephensi, karachi's main vector, were low, and were feeding chiefly on buffaloes which are also concentrated along the periurban perimeter. maintenance of malaria transmission in periurban zones may depend on immigration of susceptibles, bovid hosts w ... | 1985 | 4020933 |
| [effect of the concentration and number of anopheles stephensi larvae on their mortality as affected by bacillus thuringiensis]. | 1985 | 4033543 | |
| studies on a newly isolated strain of plasmodium brasilianum in aotus and saimiri monkeys and different anophelines. | a strain of plasmodium brasilianum was isolated from an aotus vociferans monkey from peru. the parasite readily infected aotus monkeys from bolivia and columbia and saimiri sciureus monkeys from peru and bolivia. highest level mosquito infections were obtained by feeding on the saimiri monkeys. the most susceptible mosquito was anopheles freeborni, followed by anopheles dirus, anopheles stephensi, anopheles gambiae, anopheles culicifacies, anopheles maculatus and anopheles albimanus. anopheles q ... | 1985 | 4093810 |
| absorption and transport of radioactive tracers in the midgut of the malaria mosquito, anopheles stephensi. | three radiolabeled substances were mixed with fresh heparinized mouse blood and fed to female anopheles stephensi through a chicken crop membrane. resorption and transport in the anterior (a) and posterior (p, stomach) parts of the midgut were investigated by means of electron microscopic autoradiography. digestion products of 125i-labeled bovine serum albumin (bsa) were resorbed only in the p-part, showing a biphasic pattern with maximal values 4 and 18 hr after feeding. uptake of 3h-labeled am ... | 1986 | 3453372 |
| malathion-specific resistance in anopheles stephensi from pakistan. | a strain of anopheles stephensi from pakistan (malr) was 8.7-fold resistant to malathion and 6.7-fold cross-resistant to phenthoate, but not to other carboxylesters; no cross-resistance to bendiocarb, fenitrothion, permethrin and carbaryl was detected. resistance was not associated with elevated levels of general esterase activity, as determined by hydrolysis of naphth-l-yl acetate (alpha-na), but was correlated with higher levels of malathion carboxylesterase (mce) activity in vitro. the result ... | 1986 | 3507466 |
| the use of cdc light traps and other procedures for sampling malaria vectors in southern iran. | an investigation was carried out over a year in the village of chelow, hormozgan province, southern iran, to study the efficacy of cdc light traps for sampling malaria vectors. the cdc light traps were useful in determining the seasonal and habitat distribution of anopheles stephensi and an. fluviatilis, the primary and secondary vectors of malaria, in chelow, as well as other mosquitoes in that area. light traps compared favorably with other adult mosquito collection techniques for detecting th ... | 1986 | 3507528 |
| comparative studies on the infectivity of plasmodium berghei gametocytes and ookinetes for gnotobiotic and xenobiotic anopheles stephensi. | previous studies indicated that gnotobiotic anopheles stephensi mosquitoes were less susceptible to infection with plasmodium berghei than xenobiotic ones (munderloh and kurtti, 1985). groups of 100 to 200 mosquitoes were fed on infected hamsters, heparinized gametocytemic blood (via a membrane feeder), and in vitro-formed ookinetes suspended in blood (membrane feeder). xenobiotic a. stephensi were readily infected by all 3 routes. gnotobiotic mosquitoes consistently acquired infection after eng ... | 1986 | 3543280 |
| recycling of bacillus sphaericus 2362 in mosquito larvae: a laboratory study. | after ingestion by culex pipiens and anopheles stephensi fourth instar larvae, spores of bacillus sphaericus strain 2362 rapidly germinated inside live mosquito midgut. bacterial counts and electron microscopic observations on intoxicated larvae revealed that the number of viable spores rapidly decreased during the first 12 h, with a minimum between 12 and 24 h. in cadavers, the number of heat-resistant spores quickly increased between the first and second day post-feeding. after one week, the n ... | 1986 | 2893581 |
| comparative studies of metarhizium anisopliae and tolypocladium cylindrosporum as pathogens of mosquito larvae. | mosquito fungal pathogens, metarhizium anisopliae and tolypocladium cylindrosporum, were compared with regard to virulence against the larvae of aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi and culex pipiens. culex pipiens larvae were much more susceptible to m. anisopliae conidia than an. stephensi or ae. aegypti. but ae. aegypti and cx. pipiens larvae were equally susceptible to t. cylindrosporum propagules which weakly attack an. stephensi. using a high concentration conidial suspension (10(7) sp/ml) o ... | 1986 | 2906985 |
| [intravector anti-plasmodium activity of a pyrethrinoid: deltamethrin]. | in vitro tests, deltamethrin reduced the parasitemic index of plasmodium falciparum on human red blood corpuscles. in vivo tests, at sublethal doses, deltamethrin limited the development of the sporogonic cycle of plasmodium yoelii yoelii in anopheles stephensi. this novel type of antiplasmodic activity involve an intravectorial route and gives an explanation about surprising antimalaria effects observed several months after treatment. | 1986 | 3096513 |
| the sporogonic cycle of plasmodium reichenowi. | plasmodium reichenowi, a malarial parasite of the chimpanzee, was infective to anopheles freeborni, anopheles quadrimaculatus, anopheles stephensi, anopheles maculatus, anopheles dirus, and anopheles culicifacies mosquitoes. anopheles gambiae and anopheles albimanus were not infected. mean oocyst diameters of p. reichenowi were smaller than those of the other chimpanzee parasite, plasmodium schwetzi. sporozoites were present in the salivary glands of an. freeborni at 15 days when held at 25 to 2 ... | 1986 | 3734994 |
| efficacy of arosurf--a monomolecular surface film, in controlling culex quinquefasciatus say, anopheles stephensi liston & aedes aegypti (l). | 1986 | 2874113 | |
| comparative effectiveness of different anabolic and sex steroids on the development of anopheles stephensi. | 1986 | 3758440 | |
| genetic sexing in anopheles stephensi using dieldrin resistance. | 1986 | 3507479 | |
| cytological, linkage and insecticide studies on a genetic sexing line in anopheles stephensi liston. | t(y-d1)35 is a genetic sexing line in anopheles stephensi (2n = 6; xx female, xy male) based on the translocation of the dieldrin resistance gene to the male determining chromosome. a cytological analysis demonstrated the presence of a 3 chromosome multiple translocation in which part of the y chromosome formed the differential segment. an analysis of egg karyotypes enabled the segregation behaviour of the complex to be determined and only alternate and adjacent i segregations could be demonstra ... | 1987 | 3818344 |
| effect of mitomycin-c and cyclophosphamide on the polytene chromosomes of anopheles stephensi (culicidae:diptera). | polytene chromosomes from the salivary glands of the mosquito, anopheles stephensi, were used to evaluate the mutagenic effect of mitomycin-c and cyclophosphamide. second instar larvae were treated with 1.4 micrograms/ml of mitomycin-c and 20.7 micrograms/ml of cyclophosphamide separately for 24 h. polytene chromosome preparations were made from the salivary glands of 4th instar larvae. mitomycin-c treated stocks showed as many as 46.99 +/- 2.48% aberrations compared with 7.5 +/- 0.80% in the co ... | 1987 | 3123146 |
| laboratory study on the mosquito larvicidal properties of leaf and seed extract of the plant agave americana. | experiments on the leaf extract tested against three mosquito species led to 100% mortality of stage 4 anopheles, aedes and culex larvae at a concentration of 0.08% within 24-48 h, whereas 100% mortality of stage 1 larvae occurred at lower concentrations: 0.0032% for aedes aegypti, 0.016% for culex quinquefasciatus and 0.08% for anopheles stephensi, and was more rapid. at the end of 24 h, the highest dilution of the seed extract studied (1:200) produces a larval mortality of 100% for anopheles a ... | 1987 | 2882030 |
| egg-float ridge number in anopheles stephensi: ecological variation and genetic analysis. | eight indian laboratory stocks of anopheles stephensi liston could be grouped into three categories with, respectively, 14-22, 12-17 and 9-15 ridges on the egg-floats. the mode number of ridges among the eggs laid by individual females in these stocks was 16-19, 13-16 and 10-14, respectively. the category with the highest egg-float ridge number corresponded with the type-form and the lowest with var. mysorensis sweet and rao; the new egg-float category with ridge number modes of thirteen to sixt ... | 1987 | 2979540 |
| efficacy of czechoslovak and soviet bacillus thuringiensis (serotype h-14) formulations against mosquito larvae. | laboratory and field comparisons were made with two wettable powder formulations of bacillus thuringiensis serotype h-14 (b. t. h-14) prepared in czechoslovakia ("moskitur") and the ussr ("baktokulicid"). expressed in the international aedes aegypti toxic units (tu x mg-1) the potency of these two test formulations was greater than that of the institute pasteur standard ips-78 (= 1,000 tu x mg-1), i.e. moskitur had a potency of about 1,500 tu x mg-1 and the soviet baktokulicid 2,000 tu x mg-1. t ... | 1987 | 2883232 |
| immunoelectron microscopic demonstration of pancreatic polypeptide in midgut epithelium of hematophagous dipterans. | midguts of mosquitoes, aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi, and of the tsetse fly, glossina morsitans morsitans, as well as guinea pig pancreas, were prepared for electron microscopy by using low-temperature embedding in lowicryl k4m. rabbit antiserum to bovine pancreatic polypeptide (pp) crossreacted with secretory granules of pancreatic pp-producing cells and of the clear cells in mosquito gut. rabbit antiserum to human somatostatin crossreacted with the control tissue, guinea pig pancreas d ... | 1987 | 2885369 |
| the effect of mosquito transmission of antigenic variants of plasmodium chabaudi. | plasmodium chabaudi as strain in mice is characterized by an acute primary parasitaemia, and one or more less acute recrudescences. previous work has shown, using a passive protection assay, that the recrudescent parasites are usually antigenically different from parasites of the parent population with which the mice were first infected. in this study the effect of mosquito transmission on the antigenic expression of recrudescent populations of p. chabaudi was examined. in the first experiments ... | 1987 | 3614987 |
| [inhibition of the infectivity of plasmodium gametocytes by the serum of the parasite host. perfecting an experimental model]. | in the course of experimental malarial infections the infectivity of the gametocytes falls abruptly and at an early stage of the infection. this phenomenon is independent of the production of circulating antibodies. with plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis infecting the white mouse, the maximum infectivity of gametocytes for anopheles stephensi occurs on day 2, and on day 5 no more oocysts develop in the mosquito. the behaviour of the plasmodial strain in the mouse and particularly the "crisis" phenom ... | 1987 | 3662325 |
| ultrastructural midgut events in culicidae larvae fed with bacillus sphaericus 2297 spore/crystal complex. | ingestion of bacillus sphaericus 2297 spore/crystal complex by culicidae larvae anopheles stephensi, culex pipiens subsp. pipiens and aedes aegypti was rapidly followed by a dissolution of the protein crystalline inclusions inside the anterior stomach of the three species. during the first day of intoxication, b. sphaericus spores germinated within the midgut lumen, and were in a vegetative stage between 36-48 h after ingestion when the larvae began to die. ultrastructural observations focused o ... | 1987 | 3663390 |
| plasmodium ovale: in vitro development of hepatic stages. | primary cultures of human hepatocytes, a culture-derived clone from the human hepatoma hep g2 line, and cultured rat hepatocytes were inoculated in vitro with plasmodium ovale sporozoites extracted from anopheles stephensi, an. gambiae, and an. dirus mosquitoes. penetration and differentiation of p. ovale sporozoites into trophozoite stage parasites occurred in all three cell types, but with a lower transformation rate in the hep g2 cell line than in the primary cultured hepatocytes. further mat ... | 1987 | 3678445 |
| use of a dna probe to measure the neutralization of plasmodium berghei sporozoites by a monoclonal antibody. | a specific dna probe has been used to quantify the neutralizing effects of monoclonal antibodies (3d11) against the circumsporozoite protein of plasmodium berghei sporozoites. the amount of parasite dna was measured in the livers of norway brown rats at the peak of proliferation of the exoerythrocytic forms (eef). in vitro treatment of 1.5 x 10(5) sporozoites with 0.36 microgram/0.5 ml of whole 3d11 igg neutralized about 90% of the sporozoite infectivity. when the dose was 3.6 micrograms no sign ... | 1987 | 3543124 |