Publications

emended descriptions of indole negative and indole positive isolates of brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae.	two type/reference strains of brachyspira (b.) hyodysenteriae, 14 belgian and german indole negative, and 14 belgian, german and swedish indole positive field isolates of strongly beta-haemolytic intestinal spirochaetes were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) patterns, biochemical reaction patterns, 16s rdna sequences and mic determinations of six antibacterial substances. three tests for indole production, including a spot indole test, were compared with congruent results. all ...	1999	10596806
a comparison of the morphologic effects of serpulina hyodysenteriae or its beta-hemolysin on the murine cecal mucosa.	studies were carried out to compare the early morphologic changes in the cecal mucosa of mice either infected with serpulina hyodysenteriae or exposed to the beta-hemolysin of s. hyodysenteriae. sixty-five 12-24-week-old c3h/heouj mice were infected with s. hyodysenteriae by gastric intubation. two mice were necropsied every hour for 30 hours following infection. s. hyodysenteriae was isolated from the cecal contents of each mouse at all time points. macroscopic lesions were first apparent at 14 ...	1999	10490209
isolation of serpulina murdochii from the joint fluid of a lame pig.		1999	10028395
comparative in vitro activity of valnemulin against porcine bacterial pathogens.		1999	10070704
genetic basis of macrolide and lincosamide resistance in brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae.	macrolide antibiotic resistance is widespread among brachyspira hyodysenteriae (formerly serpulina hyodysenteriae) isolates. the genetic basis of macrolide and lincosamide resistance in b. hyodysenteriae was elucidated. resistance to tylosin, erythromycin and clindamycin in b. hyodysenteriae was associated with an a-->t transversion mutation in the nucleotide position homologous with position 2058 of the escherichia coli 23s rrna gene. the nucleotide sequences of the peptidyl transferase region ...	1999	10188254
pcr amplification from fixed tissue indicates frequent involvement of brachyspira aalborgi in human intestinal spirochetosis.	pcr procedures amplifying portions of the 16s rrna and nadh oxidase genes of brachyspira aalborgi and serpulina pilosicoli were applied to dna extracted from paraffin-embedded human colonic or rectal tissues from 30 norwegian, australian, and u.s. patients, 16 of whom had histologic evidence of intestinal spirochetosis (is). b. aalborgi-specific sequences were identified by pcr in 10 of the is patients (62.5%) but none of the others, while s. pilosicoli sequences were not detected in tissues fro ...	1999	10325391
[the diagnosis of swine dysentery and spirochaete diarrhea. 1. cultural-biochemical differentiation of intestinal serpulina in routine diagnosis].	frequent incidence of serpulina strains showing all cultural and biochemical characteristics of serpulina (s.) hyodysenteriae except of being indole negative, and alpha-galactosidase positive isolates showing strong haemolysis on columbia agar with 5% sheep blood and trypticase soy agar with 5% ox blood, respectively, was the cause to evaluate common biochemical and cultural methods in serpulina routine diagnostics. to this purpose ten type and reference strains as well as 47 field strains were ...	1999	10379101
differentiation of serpulina species by nadh oxidase gene (nox) sequence comparisons and nox-based polymerase chain reaction tests.	the nadh oxidase genes (nox) of 18 strains of intestinal spirochaetes were partially sequenced over 1246 bases. strains examined included 17 representatives from six species of the genus serpulina, and the type strain 513a(t) of the human intestinal spirochaete brachyspira aalborgi. sequences were aligned and used to investigate phylogenetic relationships between the organisms. nox sequence identities between strains within the genus serpulina were within the range 86.3-100%, whilst the nox gene ...	1999	10392777
[diagnosis of swine dysentery and spirochaetal diarrhea. 2. effort of macrorestriction analysis for differentiation of intestinal serpulina relative to determination by culture-biochemical markers following species classification].	genotypic differentiation by means of macrorestriction fragment profile analysis using mlul restriction enzyme was carried out differentiating 41 serpulina field strains from swine (38), dog (2) and a rat as well as ten type and reference strains into 40 electrophoretic types. a dendrogram was created using the average linkage between groups method. at a level of 50% similarity the patterns could be divided into six groups that roughly corresponded to the results yielded by cultural and biochemi ...	1999	10422370
minimum inhibitory concentration of selected antimicrobial agents for serpulina isolated from chickens and rheas.		1999	10424660
analysis of serpulina hyodysenteriae strain variation and its molecular epidemiology using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.	pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) was applied as a molecular typing tool for the spirochaete serpulina hyodysenteriae, the agent of swine dysentery. analysis of a collection of 40 mainly australian isolates, previously characterized by other methods, divided these into 23 pfge types. this confirmed that there are many strains of the spirochaete in australia. pfge was more discriminatory for strain typing than both multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and serotyping. it had similar discriminat ...	1999	10487649
systemic and mucosal immune responses of pigs to parenteral immunization with a pepsin-digested serpulina hyodysenteriae bacterin.	serpulina hyodysenteriae infection of pigs, swine dysentery, causes a mucohemorrhagic diarrhoea resulting in significant economic losses to swine producers. the pathogenesis of this disease is poorly understood. regardless, commercial vaccines have been developed and are in use. thus, the present study was designed to examine cellular immune responses induced by parenteral s. hyodysenteriae vaccination. significant antigen-specific interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and blastogenic responses were dete ...	1999	10490236
reduction in inflammation following blockade of cd18 or cd29 adhesive pathways during the acute phase of a spirochetal-induced colitis in mice.	colitis develops in mice infected with brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae. numerous granulocytes (pmns) are evident in cecal tissue sections 24-48 h post-infection. the role of pmns was assessed by utilizing monoclonal antibodies specific for cd18 or cd29 to block pmn recruitment. macroscopic lesions were less severe in mice treated with either monoclonal antibody compared to lesions observed in isotype control-treated mice. while these monoclonal antibodies may inhibit extravasation of othe ...	2000	11031123
antigen-specific proliferation of porcine cd8alphaalpha cells to an extracellular bacterial pathogen.	a vaccine inducing protective immunity to a spirochaete-induced colitis of pigs predominantly stimulates expansion of cd8+ cells in vivo and in antigen-stimulated lymphocyte cultures. cd8+ cells, however, are rarely considered necessary for protection against extracellular bacterial pathogens. in the present study, pigs recovering from colitis resulting from experimental infection with brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae had increased percentages of peripheral blood cd4- cd8+ (alphaalpha-expr ...	2000	11106936
presence of 22-kda protein reacting with sera in piglets experimentally infected with brachyspira hyodysenteriae.	in order to examine the effect of spectinomycin on outbreaks of swine dysentery, experimental infection of piglets with brachyspira hyodysenteriae was carried out. feed with and without spectinomycin (sp) was given to each piglet ad libitum and the susceptibility of the piglets to infection with b. hyodysenteriae was compared between sp-treated and untreated piglets. the results showed that the sp-treated piglets did not display clinical signs of swine dysentery unlike the untreated piglets. the ...	2000	10767606
phylogenetic evidence for novel and genetically different intestinal spirochetes resembling brachyspira aalborgi in the mucosa of the human colon as revealed by 16s rdna analysis.	intestinal spirochetes (brachyspira spp.) are causative agents of intestinal disorders in animals and humans. phylogenetic analysis of cloned 16s rrna genes from biopsies of the intestinal mucosa of the colon from two swedish 60-years old adults without clinical symptoms revealed the presence of intestinal spirochetes. seventeen clones from two individuals and 11 reference strains were analyzed and the intestinal spirochetes could be divided into two lineages, the brachyspira aalborgi and the br ...	2000	11108014
[investigations on brachyspira--diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in swine dysentery].	the infectious agent of swine dysentery, brachyspira (br.) hyodysenteriae, seems to be widespread in german pig herds. due to different reasons the eradication is increasingly difficult. not only the success of therapeutic procedures but also the possibilities of diagnostics are unsatisfactory. although only the bacteriological investigation of faeces or intestinal probes by culture techniques allows the typing of brachyspira strains and the testing of drug resistance, however, the rate of false ...	2000	11155518
scanning electron microscopy and fluorescent in situ hybridization of experimental brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli infection in growing pigs.	two groups of six 8-week-old pigs were challenged with 1x10(9) cfu brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli or serpulina intermedia daily for 3 consecutive days to study the pathology of porcine colonic spirochetosis by scanning electron microscopy (sem) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish) with oligonucleotide probes targeting ribosomal rna specific for b. pilosicoli and the genus brachyspira/serpulina. six pigs served as noninoculated controls. the animals were euthanatized successively betw ...	2000	10643977
evaluation of a 23s rdna polymerase chain reaction assay for identification of serpulina intermedia, and strain typing using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.	a polymerase chain reaction assay, amplifying a 1027 base pair portion of the 23s rdna gene, was evaluated for identification of the intestinal spirochaete serpulina intermedia. a total of 34 strains of s. intermedia isolated from pigs and chickens and 195 strains of other related species were tested. the optimised assay correctly identified all the s. intermedia strains, but generated 11 false positive reactions, giving a test sensitivity of 100% and a test specificity of 94.3%. the false posit ...	2000	10665541
influences of diet and vaccination on colonisation of pigs by the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli.	the purpose of this study was to determine whether methods used to control swine dysentery (sd), caused by the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae, would also be effective in controlling porcine intestinal spirochaetosis (pis) caused by the related spirochaete brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli. weaner pigs in groups i (n=8) and ii (n=6) received a standard weaner pig diet based on wheat and lupins, whilst group iii (n=6) received an experimental diet based on cooked wh ...	2000	10731619
detectability and prevalence of brachyspira species in herds rearing health class feeder pigs in finland.	faeces samples were taken three times at two-week intervals, from the farrowing units of four herds of known brachyspira (formerly serpulina) status and one of unknown brachyspira status. brachyspira hyodysenteriae, brachyspira pilosicoli, brachyspira intermedia and brachyspira group iii were isolated from the faecal samples from the weaners in the herds using either a maximum of 50 ppm of olaquindox or no feed additives. the detection rates were relatively consistent. however, b hyodysenteriae ...	2000	10777042
prevalence of brachyspira species isolated from diarrhoeic pigs in brazil.	pathogenic intestinal spirochaetes of pigs include brachyspira (formerly serpulina) hyodysenteriae, the cause of swine dysentery, and brachyspira pilosicoli, the cause of porcine colonic spirochetosis (pcs). the purpose of this study was to assess the relative importance of brachyspira species in diarrhoeal disease of growing pigs on farms in southern brazil. the intensity and pattern of haemolysis, the production of indole and the hydrolysis of hippurate by reference and field porcine intestina ...	2000	10791468
identification of porcine intestinal spirochetes by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of ribosomal dna encoding 23s rrna.	the brachyspira (formerly serpulina) species rrl gene encoding 23s ribosomal rna (rrna) was used as a target for amplification of a 517bp dna fragment by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the primers for pcr amplification had sequences that were conserved among brachyspira 23s rrna gene and were designed from nucleotide sequences of brachyspira hyodysenteriae, serpulina intermedia, brachyspira innocens and brachyspira pilosicoli available from the genbank database. digestion of pcr-generated prod ...	2000	10889409
cloning and dna sequence analysis of an immunogenic glucose-galactose mglb lipoprotein homologue from brachyspira pilosicoli, the agent of colonic spirochetosis.	colonic spirochetosis (cs) is a newly emerging infectious disease of humans and animals caused by the pathogenic spirochete brachyspira (formerly serpulina) pilosicoli. the purpose of this study was to characterize an antigen that was recognized by antibodies present in sera of challenge-exposed pigs. the gene encoding the antigen was identified by screening a plasmid library of human b. pilosicoli strain sp16 (atcc 49776) genomic dna with hyperimmune and convalescent swine sera. the predicted a ...	2000	10899855
detection of same sized 4.3 kb extrachromosomal dna elements in weakly beta-haemolytic human intestinal spirochaetes and serpulina pilosicoli of swine origin.	agarose gel electrophoresis of total dna from italian strains of weakly beta-haemolytic human intestinal spirochaetes (w beta his) and porcine serpulina pilosicoli reference strain p43/6/78 showed an extrachromosomal band having the same size and migrating at 4.3 kb. the same results were observed after agarose gel electrophoresis of dna obtained from the supernatant fluids of the spirochaetal cultures analysed. swine serpulina hyodysenteriae reference strain p18a was comparatively analysed and ...	2000	10946400
prevalence of intestinal pathogens in danish finishing pig herds.	our aim was to determine the prevalence of the intestinal bacteria: lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae, serpulina intermedia, brachyspira innocens, brachyspira pilosicoli, pathogenic escherichia coli (serogroups o138, o139, o141 and o149) and salmonella enterica in danish finishing pig herds. a total of 79 herds was randomly selected and visited during 1998. from each herd, 20 faecal samples were collected from individual pigs weighing 30-50kg. furthermore, 10 pooled pen sample ...	2000	10960714
identification of the gene encoding bmpb, a 30 kda outer envelope lipoprotein of brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae, and immunogenicity of recombinant bmpb in mice and pigs.	a gene encoding a 30kda outer envelope protein of the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae, was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli strain xlolr. five phagemids containing dna inserts encoding the protein were established and one clone (psha) was sequenced. an 816bp hypothetical open reading frame (orf) was identified, with a potential ribosome binding site (aggag), and putative -10 (tataat) and -35 (ttgaaa) promoter regions upstream from the atg start of the orf. a ...	2000	10973699
susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections in growing pigs as an early response in ochratoxicosis.	mycotoxic nephropathy was induced in twelve 14 kg pigs fed a dietary component, moulded by aspergillus ochraceus and contributing ochratoxin a at 1 or 3 ppm for up to 3 weeks. concurrently, salmonellosis arose spontaneously in all six animals treated at 3 ppm and all died between days 15 and 17. two of the six pigs in the 1 ppm group died similarly but the rest, and all of six control animals, were unaffected. clinical biochemistry and histology revealed changes typical of renal ochratoxicosis i ...	2000	10987179
brachyspira aalborgi infection diagnosed by culture and 16s ribosomal dna sequencing using human colonic biopsy specimens.	in this study we report on the isolation and characterization of the intestinal spirochete brachyspira aalborgi using human mucosal biopsy specimens taken from the colon of a young adult male with intestinal spirochetosis. a selective medium, containing 400 microg of spectinomycin/ml and 5 microg of polymyxin/ml was used for the isolation procedure. a high degree of similarity, in terms of phenotypic properties and 16s ribosomal dna sequence, was observed between the isolated strain, named w1, a ...	2000	11015363
changes in bacterial community structure in the colon of pigs fed different experimental diets and after infection with brachyspira hyodysenteriae.	bacterial communities in the large intestines of pigs were compared using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) analysis targeting the 16s ribosomal dna. the pigs were fed different experimental diets based on either modified standard feed or cooked rice supplemented with dietary fibers. after feeding of the animals with the experimental diets for 2 weeks, differences in the bacterial community structure in the spiral colon were detected in the form of different profiles of ...	2000	10919783
intestinal spirochetosis in wild sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) infected with brachyspira species.	seven adult free-ranging sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis) were examined by histology, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy for intestinal spirochetal infection. histologically epithelial and goblet cell hyperplasia and edema of the lamina propria mucosa with macrophage and lymphocyte infiltration were observed in the cecum and colon in 6 of the 7 deer. numerous argyrophilic spirochetes were present in the crypts and some had invaded epithelial and goblet cells and caused degeneration. ...	2000	11039589
extrusion of wheat or sorghum and/or addition of exogenous enzymes to pig diets influences the large intestinal microbiota but does not prevent development of swine dysentery following experimental challenge.	a study was made of dietary influences on the large intestinal microbiota of pigs and on the incidence of swine dysentery (sd) after experimental infection with brachyspira hyodysenteriae, the aetiological agent of sd. animals were fed diets based either on wheat (expts 1 and 2) or sorghum (expt 2). grains were ground and fed either raw or after high temperature and pressure extrusion and/or after addition of exogenous enzymes to the whole diet to reduce the starch and soluble non-starch polysac ...	2000	11054173
evaluation of blood culture systems for detection of the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli in human blood.	the anaerobic intestinal spirochaete brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli has been isolated from the bloodstream of french patients by manual blood culture systems. the purpose of this study was to determine whether the automated and manual blood culture systems used in australia are suitable for growth and detection of this organism. strains of b. pilosicoli were added to human blood to give concentrations ranging from 1 x 10(4) to 1 x 10(1) spirochaetes/ml and 10-ml volumes were inoculated into ...	2000	11073157
the spirochete flaa periplasmic flagellar sheath protein impacts flagellar helicity.	spirochete periplasmic flagella (pfs), including those from brachyspira (serpulina), spirochaeta, treponema, and leptospira spp., have a unique structure. in most spirochete species, the periplasmic flagellar filaments consist of a core of at least three proteins (flab1, flab2, and flab3) and a sheath protein (flaa). each of these proteins is encoded by a separate gene. using brachyspira hyodysenteriae as a model system for analyzing pf function by allelic exchange mutagenesis, we analyzed purif ...	2000	11073915
phylogenetic foundation of spirochetes.	the spirochetes are free-living or host-associated, helical bacteria, some of which are pathogenic to man and animal. comparisons of 16s rrna sequences demonstrate that the spirochetes represent a monophyletic phylum within the bacteria. the spirochetes are presently classified in the class spirochaetes in the order spirochetales and are divided into three major phylogenetic groupings, or families. the first family spirochaetaceae contains species of the genera borrelia, brevinema, cristispira, ...	2000	11075904
antibiotic selective markers and spirochete genetics.	until very recently, the pathogenic spirochetes have been refractory to genetic manipulation. this has been due, in part, to difficulties with in vitro growth and the genetic distance that spirochetes are from typical gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. insertional mutagenesis and other genetic techniques are now possible in some of the pathogenic spirochetes such as borrelia burgdorferi, brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae, leptospira sp., and treponema denticola. however, organisms s ...	2000	11075914
dna exchange and insertional inactivation in spirochetes.	spirochetes have complex life cycles and are associated with a number of diseases in humans and animals. despite their significance as pathogens, spirochete genetics are in their early stages. however, gene inactivation has been achieved in borrelia burgdorferi, brachyspira hyodysenteriae, and treponema denticola. here, we review methods that have been used in spirochetes for gene inactivation and dna exchange, with a primary focus on b. burgdorferi. we also describe factors influencing electrot ...	2000	11075915
minimal prophylactic concentration of dietary zinc compounds in a mouse model of swine dysentery.	dietary supplementation with 6000 mg of zn2+/kg of feed has been shown to modify the clinicopathologic expression of brachyspira hyodysenteriae infection in a laboratory mouse model of swine dysentery. however, this concentration impaired the body weight gain of the mice. the purpose of the present study was to determine a minimal prophylactic concentration of feed-grade zinc compounds that would not affect the growth of mice challenge-exposed with b. hyodysenteriae. a total of 440, 6- to 8-week ...	2001	11708749
classification of brachyspira spp. isolated from swedish dogs.	brachyspira spp. were isolated from 21 of 32 sampled dogs (66%) in a colony of swedish beagle dogs with a history of diarrhea and from 3 of 17 swedish pet dogs (17%) with diarrhea. all swedish isolates were weakly beta-hemolytic and gave a negative indole reaction. eighty-eight percent showed negative alpha-galactosidase and hippurate reactions, but a positive beta-glucosidase reaction. two isolates were hippurate positive with a negative beta-glucosidase reaction. one additional german isolate ...	2001	11708750
intestinal spirochete infections of chickens: a review of disease associations, epidemiology and control.	this paper presents an overview of intestinal spirochete infections of chickens. it focuses particularly on studies in australia, where recent surveys of 136 layer and broiler breeder flocks have revealed a high rate of infection (>40%) with intestinal spirochetes. infection was not detected in broiler flocks. approximately 50% of isolates from infected flocks were brachyspira (serpulina) intermedia or b. pilosicoli, with the other isolates being b. innocens, b. murdochii or the proposed species ...	2001	11708751
brachyspira spp. (serpulina spp.) in birds: a review and results from a study of swedish game birds.	only limited data concerning the prevalence of intestinal spirochetes are available in game birds. this paper describes the prevalence and biochemical reactions of spirochetes isolated from 25 common partridges, 7 pheasants and 16 mallards originating from nine swedish game-bird farms. the birds, which had been submitted for post-mortem examination due to various problems, showed a variety of underlying diseases. additionally, fecal droppings from 22 common partridges, 20 pheasants and 20 mallar ...	2001	11708752
failure to detect brachyspira pilosicoli in bloodstream of australian patients.		2001	11712515
cloning of a beta-hemolysin gene of brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae and its expression in escherichia coli.	brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae induces a mucohemorrhagic diarrheal disease in pigs. the production of a beta-hemolysin has been considered a major virulence attribute of this organism. previous reports have failed to correlate a specific cloned gene sequence with a purified beta-hemolytic protein sequence. thus, questions still remain concerning the structural gene sequence of the hemolysin. to answer this question unequivocally, the beta-hemolytic toxin was purified from extracts of log ...	2001	11159958
an investigation of the etiology of a mild diarrhea observed in a group of grower/finisher pigs.	an investigation into a mild diarrhea in a group of grower/finisher pigs was carried out in order to determine the etiology. a tiamulin injection and a carbadox-medicated ration were given to pens of pigs in a 2 x 2 factorial experimental design. pens of pigs were assessed a score, based on the consistency of the feces in the pen, each week. the clinical investigation looked for the intestinal pathogens brachyspira pilosicoli, b. hyodysenteriae, lawsonia intracellularis, salmonella spp., yersini ...	2001	11195519
a novel method for isolation of brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae from pigs with swine dysentery in italy.	brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae was isolated from 10 of 11 pigs with clinically suspected swine dysentery in six herds in northern italy. all strains were successfully isolated in the selective blood agar modified medium with spectinomycin and rifampin (bam-sr) currently used in our laboratory to isolate b. (s.) pilosicoli of human origin, after pre-treatment of intestinal material with spectinomycin and rifampin in foetal calf serum. isolates had phenotypic characteristics typical of b. ...	2001	11278122
naturally occurring spirochetes in the colonic mucosa of raccoons (procyon lotor).	the large intestines of 21 raccoons (procyon lotor; 11 wild caught, 10 laboratory confined) were examined for the presence of intestinal spirochetes. light microscopy of sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and warthin-starry stain showed the presence of spiral shaped organisms deep within the lumina of intestinal glands at the ileocolonic junction of 16 raccoons (76% prevalence). all laboratory-confined, group-housed raccoons harbored the organisms, but only 6/11 (55% prevalence) live-tr ...	2001	11280383
first evidence for gene replacement in leptospira spp. inactivation of l. biflexa flab results in non-motile mutants deficient in endoflagella.	leptospira spp. offer many advantages as model bacteria for the study of spirochaetes. however, homologous recombination between introduced dna and the corresponding chromosomal loci has never been demonstrated. a unique feature of spirochaetes is the presence of endoflagella between the outer membrane sheath and the cell cylinder. we chose the flab flagellin gene, constituting the flagellar core, as a target for gene inactivation in the saprophyte leptospira biflexa. the amino acid sequence of ...	2001	11298286
pcr detection of brachyspira aalborgi and brachyspira pilosicoli in human faeces.	previously-developed pcr protocols specific for the 16s rrna gene of the intestinal spirochaetes brachyspira aalborgi and brachyspira pilosicoli were adapted for the detection of these species in human faeces, following dna extraction and purification using mini-prep columns. the limits of detection in seeded faeces for b. aalborgi and b. pilosicoli respectively were 2x10(2) and 7x10(3) cells per pcr reaction, equivalent to 5x10(4) and 1x10(5) cells per g of faeces. the pcr techniques were appli ...	2001	11313130
brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae gyrb mutants and interstrain transfer of coumermycin a(1) resistance.	to further develop genetic techniques for the enteropathogen brachyspira hyodysenteriae, the gyrb gene of this spirochete was isolated from a lambdazapii library of strain b204 genomic dna and sequenced. the putative protein encoded by this gene exhibited up to 55% amino acid sequence identity with gyrb proteins of various bacterial species, including other spirochetes. b. hyodysenteriae coumermycin a(1)-resistant (cn(r)) mutant strains, both spontaneous and uv induced, were isolated by plating ...	2001	11319078
weakly beta-haemolytic human intestinal spirochaetes antagonize the haemolytic activity of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin producer.	the production of haemolytic antagonism between weakly beta-haemolytic human intestinal spirochaetes (wbetahis) related to human intestinal spirochaetosis and clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin producer was investigated. a reduction of the clostridial haemolytic activity and a distortion of the haemolytic halo of clostridial alpha-toxin surrounded by a small zone of poorly cooperative haemolysis was clearly observed on the level of the spirochaetal growth area when 40 out of 41 wbetahis were cu ...	2001	11346295
comparative prevalences of brachyspira aalborgi and brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli as etiologic agents of histologically identified intestinal spirochetosis in australia.	dna from gastrointestinal biopsy specimens from 28 australian patients with histologic evidence of intestinal spirochetosis (is) was subjected to pcrs to amplify segments of the 16s rrna and nadh oxidase genes of brachyspira aalborgi and brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli. b. aalborgi was identified in specimens from 24 (85.7%) patients and b. pilosicoli in those from 4 (14.3%) patients (2 of whom were also positive for b. aalborgi). for two patients, no product was amplified. this study demonst ...	2001	11136797
risk factors for intestinal pathogens in danish finishing pig herds.	the objective of this investigation was to identify risk factors for infection with the intestinal bacteria: lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae, serpulina intermedia, brachyspira innocens, brachyspira pilosicoli and swine-pathogenic escherichia coli (serogroups o138, o139, o141 and o149) in danish finishing pig herds.a total of 79 herds was randomly selected and visited during 1998. from each herd, 20 faecal samples were collected from individual pigs weighing 30-50 kg. in tota ...	2001	11448502
brachyspira aalborgi infection in four australian children.	the clinical presentation of four children and adolescents (two males and two females with a mean age of 12.4 years; range 9-16 years) with colorectal spirochetosis is discussed.	2001	11555100
carriage of intestinal spirochaetes by humans: epidemiological data from western australia.	the purpose of this study was to investigate carriage of intestinal spirochaetes by selected population groups in western australia. stool specimens from 293 rural patients with gastrointestinal disorders, and from 227 healthy migrants from developing countries were cultured. spirochaete isolates were identified using pcr, and typed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge). brachyspira aalborgi was not isolated. brachyspira pilosicoli was recovered from 15 rural patients, all aboriginal. preva ...	2001	11693517
human intestinal spirochetosis diagnosed with colonoscopy and analysis of partial 16s rdna sequences of involved spirochetes.	dna was extracted from colonic biopsies of 33 patients with and three without evidence of intestinal spirochetosis (is) in the large bowel. the biopsies were subjected to pcr. a pair of primers, generating a 207 bp fragment, were designed to detect specifically the 16s rdna gene of brachyspira. pcr products of the expected size were obtained from 33 samples with histologic evidence of is. the pcr amplicons were used for sequencing. the sequences obtained were aligned to the corresponding 16s rrn ...	2001	11708740
the search for brachyspira outer membrane proteins that interact with the host.	little is known about the outer membrane structure of brachyspira hyodysenteriae and brachyspira pilosicoli or the role of outer membrane proteins (omps) in host colonization and the development of disease. the isolation of outer membrane vesicles from b. hyodysenteriae has confirmed that cholesterol is a significant outer membrane constituent and that it may impart unique characteristics to the lipid bilayer structure, including a reduced density. unique proteins that have been identified in th ...	2001	11708742
comparative pathology and pathogenesis of naturally acquired and experimentally induced colonic spirochetosis.	research in the past decade has led to the recognition of brachyspira (formerly serpulina) pilosicoli as the primary etiologic agent of colonic spirochetosis (cs), an emerging cause of colitis in humans and animals. attachment of spirochetes to the epithelial surface of the lower intestine is considered to be the hallmark of cs. however, because b. pilosicoli, b. aalborgi and unclassified flagellated bacteria are found singly or together in humans and non-human primates with cs lesions, attachme ...	2001	11708743
porcine enteric spirochete infections in the uk: surveillance data and preliminary investigation of atypical isolates.	investigations into the possible causes of colitis and typhlocolitis were carried out on 98 pig units in the united kingdom between 1997 and 1999. brachyspira pilosicoli was identified most commonly, occurring as the suggested primary agent in 18% of the outbreaks but forming part of mixed infections in another 24% of outbreaks. the equivalent figures for other bacterial pathogens were: b. hyodysenteriae, 13% and 16%; lawsonia intracellularis, 10% and 15%: salmonella species, 6% and 12%; and yer ...	2001	11708744
susceptibility to pleuromutilins in brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae.	the pleuromutilins are the only antimicrobial agents with sufficient minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) values left to treat swine dysentery in sweden. other antimicrobials are either not approved for use against swine dysentery or only partly active against brachyspira hyodysenteriae. to date, in sweden two pleuromutilins, tiamulin and valnemulin, are authorized for use in pigs. this study includes a comparison between mics of tiamulin and valnemulin for swedish field isolates of b. hyodyse ...	2001	11708748
serologic detection of brachyspira (serpulina) hyodysenteriae infections.	swine dysentery (sd) caused by the intestinal spirochete brachyspira hyodysenteriae is an economically important disease in pig-producing countries throughout the world. to date, no specific serologic assay is commercially available for the diagnosis of pigs with sd. several serologic techniques have been identified in the past; however, these tests have all used either whole-cell proteins or lipopolysaccharide (lps) as the antigen. whole-cell antigens are plagued with false-positive reactions d ...	2001	11708746
eradication of endemic brachyspira pilosicoli infection from a farrowing herd: a case report.	brachyspira pilosicoli and b. innocens were isolated repeatedly from a herd of 60 sows which mostly produced feeder pigs but also raised some fattening pigs. postweaning diarrhea had been a severe problem in this herd for years. the b. pilosicoli eradication plan was based on the general guidelines for elimination of b. hyodysenteriae, with some modifications. the eradication measures were run in august 1997. in-feed medication with 200 p.p.m. tiamulin lasted for 18-30 days, depending on the age ...	2001	11708747
survival of brachyspira hyodysenteriae and b. pilosicoli in terrestrial microcosms.	the survival of brachyspira hyodysenteriae and brachyspira pilosicoli was investigated at 10 degrees c in laboratory microcosms consisting of soil, porcine faeces, and in soil mixed with 10% porcine faeces, respectively. by plate spreading, survival of b. hyodysenteriae was found to be 10, 78 and 112 days in soil, soil mixed with 10% faeces, and in porcine faeces, respectively. the identities of the colonies on the plates were confirmed using pcr targeting 23s rdna for specific detection of b. h ...	2001	11356316
[diagnosis of swine dysentery and spirochaetal diarrhea. iii. results of cultural and biochemical differentiation of intestinal brachyspira species by routine culture from 1997 to 1999].	a survey is given on the occurrence and distribution of different brachyspira species in pigs, in the northwest of germany. in total 2975 specimen (feces, fecal swabs, colon) were taken and sent for laboratory analysis during the years 1997 to 1999. 1218 brachyspira (b.) strains were found by cultural analysis. 1757 samples (59%) were negative. the cultural and biochemical differentiation revealed 720 (59.1%) strains b. hyodysenteriae (77.5% were indole negative), 22 (1.8%) b. pilosicoli, 29 (2. ...	2001	11367884
dietary conjugated linoleic acid modulates phenotype and effector functions of porcine cd8(+) lymphocytes.	in vivo vaccination and challenge studies have demonstrated that cd8(+) lymphocytes are essential for the development of cell-mediated protection against intracellular pathogens and neoplastic cells. depletion of peripheral blood cd8(+) cells interferes with clearance of viruses and intracellular fungi, induction of delayed type hypersensitivity responses and antitumoral activity. in contrast to humans or mice, porcine peripheral cd8(+) lymphocytes are characterized by a heterogeneous expression ...	2001	11533281
development of antibiotic resistance and options to replace antimicrobials in animal diets.	as there is a risk of developing antibiotic resistance, a number of commonly-used antimicrobial growth promoters have been banned in the eu member states. this decision has put new emphasis on using the diet to control enteric bacterial infections of pigs. dietary carbohydrates constitute a major proportion of diets for pigs, and the carbohydrate fraction has a diverse composition, with different properties in the gastrointestinal tract, some of which are of importance to gut health. findings fr ...	2001	11681804
diagnostic examination of human intestinal spirochetosis by fluorescent in situ hybridization for brachyspira aalborgi, brachyspira pilosicoli, and other species of the genus brachyspira (serpulina).	human intestinal spirochetosis, characterized by end-on attachment of densely packed spirochetes to the epithelial surface of the large intestines as a fringe has been associated with the weakly beta-hemolytic spirochetes brachyspira aalborgi and brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli. in this study, fluorescent in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probes targeting 16s or 23s rrna of b. aalborgi, b. pilosicoli, and the genus brachyspira was applied to 40 sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-em ...	2001	11682538
human intestinal spirochetosis: brachyspira aalborgi and/or brachyspira pilosicoli?	intestinal spirochetosis in humans (his) is a condition defined by the presence of a layer of spirochetes attached by one cell end to the colorectal epithelium. the pathologic significance of his is uncertain, but it has been linked to chronic diarrhea and other abdominal complaints. two anaerobic intestinal spirochete species have been associated with his, namely brachyspira pilosicoli and brachyspira aalborgi. brachyspira pilosicoli, which colonizes many animal species, is common (approximatel ...	2001	11708739
the use of culture, pooled samples and pcr for identification of herds infected with brachyspira hyodysenteriae.	the sensitivity of culturing brachyspira hyodysenteriae was determined after sampling with swabs from porcine fecal specimens inoculated with tenfold dilutions of a field strain of these microbes. after storage of swabs, brachyspira hyodysenteriae was recovered throughout the first 3 weeks after inoculation from feces with more than 140 cells/g. viable spirochetes could still be recovered after up to 83 days of storage from feces, with 1.4 x 10(6) cells or more per gram. culture for brachyspira ...	2001	11708745
enterohepatic helicobacter species	most of the members of the genus helicobacter do not normally colonize the gastric mucosa, but instead thrive in the mucosal surfaces of the intestinal tract and/or the liver of humans, other mammals, and birds. these enterohepatic helicobacter species have features of ultrastructure and physiology in common with helicobacter pylori and the other gastric helicobacter species, and have been the subject of several recent ...	2001	21290746
nutritional influences on some major enteric bacterial diseases of pig.	there are several enteric bacterial diseases and conditions of pigs that require control to prevent overt disease, to reduce morbidity and mortality, and to improve the efficiency of production. traditionally, veterinarians, feed manufacturers and producers have relied upon antibiotics and minerals (for example, zno, cuso4) in diets for a large part of this control. however, recent trends, particularly in europe, are to reduce antimicrobial use and seek alternative or replacement strategies for ...	2002	19087411
antimicrobial susceptibility testing of australian isolates of brachyspira hyodysenteriae using a new broth dilution method.	the antimicrobial susceptibilities of 76 field isolates of brachyspira hyodysenteriae from different states of australia were tested in a newly developed broth dilution procedure. the antimicrobial agents used were tiamulin, valnemulin, tylosin, erythromycin, lincomycin and clindamycin. the results from the broth dilution susceptibility testing of 39 of the isolates were compared with results obtained for the same isolates using the agar dilution method. amongst the isolates tested by broth dilu ...	2002	11731165
effect of highly fermentable dietary fiber on the development of swine dysentery and on pig performance in a "pure--culture challenge model".	this study tried to evaluate the effect of highly fermentable fiber on the incidence and severity of swine dysentery (sd) after experimental oral infection with pure cultures of brachyspira (b.) hyodysenteriae. forty eight growing pigs were allocated to two groups and treated until slaughter as follows: group 1 (n = 24): infected with b. hyodysenteriae and fed with a food containing 9.6% highly fermentable neutral detergent fiber. group 2 (n = 24): infected with b. hyodysenteriae and fed with a ...	2002	11852682
prevalence of brachyspira pilosicoli in korean pigs, determined using a nested pcr.		2002	11878441
first confirmation of porcine colonic spirochaetosis caused by brachyspira pilosicoli in iberian pigs in spain.		2002	11924554
dietary enzyme and zinc bacitracin reduce colonisation of layer hens by the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira intermedia.	brachyspira intermedia strain hb60 was used to experimentally infect 40 individually caged 22-week-old laying hens. another 10 control birds were sham-inoculated with sterile broth. all chickens received an experimental layer diet based on wheat. the infected birds were randomly divided into four groups of 10, with the diet for each group containing either 50 ppm zinc bacitracin (znb), 100 ppm znb, 256 ppm of dietary enzyme (avizyme), 1302), or no additive. birds were kept for 6 weeks after infe ...	2002	11955785
brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli of human origin interfere with the growth of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin producer.	brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli of human origin interfere with the growth of clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin producer reducing the clostridial growth area and colonies number when bacteria were cultivated together in sheep blood agar plates. the growth inhibition of c. perfringens was only observed when b. (s.) pilosicoli grew 72-96 hours sooner than c. perfringens and after the inoculum of this latter the plates were anaerobically incubated for additional 48 hours. the phenomenon was obs ...	2002	12019719
brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli of human origin interfere with the haemolytic activity and the growth of staphylococcus aureus beta-toxin producer.	brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli related to intestinal spirochaetosis were found to interfere in vitro with the haemolytic activity and the growth of staphylococcus aureus beta-toxin producer. this interference was clearly appreciated because a reduction of the zone of the staphylococcal beta-toxin activity, the reduction and/or absence of cooperative haemolysis between bacteria, and the growth reduction of s. aureus were observed when b. (s.) pilosicoli were grown 72-96 hours sooner than s. a ...	2002	12019720
identification of brachyspira hyodysenteriae-specific dna fragments using representational difference analysis.	two novel brachyspira hyodysenteriae-specific dna fragments, designated as bh100 and bh400, were identified using representational difference analysis. to isolate the fragments the combined dna of the brachyspira pilosicoli, brachyspira intermedia, brachyspira murdochii and brachyspira innocens reference strains was subtracted from the genome of b. hyodysenteriae strain b204. both fragments were present in a single copy and mapped to different positions on the genome of b. hyodysenteriae b78(t). ...	2002	12044671
differentiation of porcine brachyspira species by a novel nox pcr-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.	a novel pcr-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the brachyspira nox gene was developed. the restriction patterns for brachyspira hyodysenteriae, b. pilosicoli, b. intermedia, b. murdochii, and b. innocens were highly distinct with two restriction endonucleases only. the assay proved to be user-friendly and robust.	2002	12089283
nutritional regulation of porcine bacterial-induced colitis by conjugated linoleic acid.	excessive intake of saturated fatty acids and/or linoleic acid favors the induction of an array of lipid mediators and cytokines enhancing inflammatory responses. conversely, dietary supplementation with (n-3) fatty acids or vitamin d ameliorates inflammation and autoimmune diseases. although it was well accepted that conjugated linoleic acid (cla) prevented diseases with a common inflammatory pathogenesis (i.e., cancer and atherosclerosis), no studies were available on the roles of cla in mucos ...	2002	12097686
five-color flow cytometric analysis of swine lymphocytes for detection of proliferation, apoptosis, viability, and phenotype.	the objective of this study was to develop a method to simultaneously examine phenotype, proliferation, apoptosis, and death of antigen-stimulated porcine lymphocytes.	2002	12116360
characterization of pit, a streptococcus pneumoniae iron uptake abc transporter.	bacteria frequently have multiple mechanisms for acquiring iron, an essential micronutrient, from the environment. we have identified a four-gene streptococcus pneumoniae operon, named pit, encoding proteins with similarity to components of a putative brachyspira hyodysenteriae iron uptake abc transporter, bit. an s. pneumoniae strain containing a defined mutation in pit has impaired growth in medium containing the iron chelator ethylenediamine di-o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, reduced sensitivity ...	2002	12117949
brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli spirochetemia in an immunocompromised patient.	the case of an elderly immunocompromised man with non-hodgkin's lymphoma who presented with fever, abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea is described. brachyspira pilosicoli was isolated from culture. the patient was treated with penicillin g i.v. and became afebrile. b. pilosicoli is a recently recognized enteric pathogen of humans and animals. intestinal spirochetosis should be included in the differential diagnosis of any immunocompromised or critically ill patient with dysentery.	2002	12120947
evaluation of large-intestinal parameters associated with dietary treatments designed to reduce the occurrence of swine dysentery.	diets containing soluble nsp (snsp) and resistant starch (rs) increase hindgut fermentation in pigs, which in turn increases the incidence of swine dysentery (sd) after infection with the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira hyodysenteriae. in the present study pigs were fed diets based on either wheat or sorghum, fed either raw or treated by extrusion, and/or with the addition of dietary enzymes to reduce rs and/or snsp content. the aim was to determine the effects of these treatments on pig perf ...	2002	12144719
intestinal spirochetosis in a 21-month-old thoroughbred colt.	a 21-month-old thoroughbred colt showed continuous diarrhea and developmental retardation for 7 months, and was thereafter subjected to euthanasia for necropsy and laboratory examinations. at necropsy, the cecal and colonic mucosae were diffusely rough and hyperemic. histopathologically, the mucosa and submucosa were edematous and were infiltrated by numerous lymphocytes and macrophages. meanwhile, three morphological types of brachyspira antigen-containing spirochetes were found to be numerous ...	2002	12185321
concurrent spirochaetal infections of the feet and colon of cattle in japan.	to describe spirochaetal infections in the feet and colon of cattle affected with papillomatous digital dermatitis (pdd) and colitis respectively.	2002	12224620
influence of in-feed zinc bacitracin and tiamulin treatment on experimental avian intestinal spirochaetosis caused by brachyspira intermedia.	thirty individually caged layer hens were inoculated with brachyspira intermedia, and 20 control birds remained unchallenged. birds received a diet containing 100 parts/10(6) zinc bacitracin (znb), and were monitored for 10 weeks. b. intermedia was recovered sporadically from five of the inoculated birds, and there were no significant effects on body weight, faecal water or egg production. znb was presumed to be indirectly inhibiting spirochaete growth, and when removed from the diet, 18 of the ...	2002	12396352
zinc bacitracin enhances colonization by the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira pilosicoli in experimentally infected layer hens.	brachyspira pilosicoli strain cpsp1 isolated from a chicken in a broiler breeder flock in queensland was used to experimentally infect 40 individually caged 22-week-old laying hens. another 10 birds were sham-inoculated with sterile broth. all chickens received a commercial layer diet, but 10 infected birds had 50 parts/10(6) zinc bacitracin (znb) incorporated in their food. birds were kept for 7 weeks, and faecal moisture, egg numbers, egg weights and body weights were recorded weekly. b. pilos ...	2002	12396353
evaluation of tiamulin and lincomycin for the treatment of broiler breeders experimentally infected with the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira pilosicoli.	brachyspira pilosicoli strain cpsp1 isolated from a chicken in a broiler breeder flock in queensland was used to experimentally infect 30 individually caged 22-week-old cobb 500 broiler breeder hens. another 10 birds were sham-inoculated with sterile broth. all birds failed to become colonized. at 29 weeks of age, all birds were transferred to a diet containing 50 parts/10(6) zinc bacitracin (znb) and were re-challenged with the same b. pilosicoli strain at 32 weeks of age, weekly for 5 weeks. t ...	2002	12396354
experimental infection of broiler breeder hens with the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli causes reduced egg production.	the pathogenic potential of the anaerobic intestinal spirochaetes brachyspira (serpulina) pilosicoli and brachyspira innocens was evaluated in adult chickens. thirty 17-week-old cobb broiler breeder hens were individually caged in three groups of 10 birds. control birds (group a) were sham inoculated with sterile broth medium. birds in the other two groups (groups b and c) were inoculated, respectively, with an isolate of b. innocens or of b. pilosicoli. birds were monitored daily, and killed at ...	2002	12396362
validation of an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay as a serologic test for porcine proliferative enteropathy.	the sensitivity and specificity of an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (ipma) was evaluated in a blind serologic study of a group of disease-free pigs and a group of pigs experimentally infected with intestinal homogenate containing lawsonia intracellularis organisms. sixty pigs from the control group were kept in the source farm, and another 60 animals were transferred to an isolation unit aid challenged intragastrically. all animals were bled before and 21 days after challenge. fecal samples w ...	2002	12423042
increasing the viscosity of the intestinal contents stimulates proliferation of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and brachyspira pilosicoli in weaner pigs.	the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of increased viscosity of the intestinal digesta on proliferation of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira pilosicoli in weaned pigs. pigs were fed an experimental diet based on cooked white rice (r), which was supplemented with carboxymethylcellulose (cmc; 40 g/kg diet) to increase digesta viscosity. thirty-six piglets weaned at 21 d of age were divided into six groups, three of which were fed r and thre ...	2002	12425733
construction and evaluation of a plasmid vector for the expression of recombinant lipoproteins in escherichia coli.	outer membrane lipoproteins are emerging as key targets for protective immunity to many bacterial pathogens. heterologous expression of lipoproteins in escherichia coli does not always result in high level expression of acylated recombinant protein. thus, these proteins do not take up their correct membrane topology and are lacking the immunostimulatory properties endowed by the lipid. to this end, we have designed a lipoprotein expression vector (pdump) that results in the production of fusion ...	2003	12583997
diarrhoea in the growing pig - a comparison of clinical, morphological and microbial findings between animals from good and poor performance herds.	diarrhoea among growing pigs (8-13 weeks old) is a significant problem in many herds. nine herds with poor performance and diarrhoea among growing pigs were selected on the basis of their piglet mean age at a body weight of 25 kg, compared to the overall mean age in swedish herds. in addition, four herds with good average performance and no problems with diarrhoea were selected. pigs were necropsied and samples for histology and microbiology were collected. based on the necropsy findings, the pi ...	2003	12589741
brachyspira hyodysenteriae contains eight linked gene copies related to an expressed 39-kda surface protein.	a tandemly linked set of four open reading frames (orfs), identified as vspa-d (variable surface protein) had been identified from previous cloning and sequencing of clones from a genomic library constructed from brachyspira hyodysenteriae strain b204. the predicted translation products of these closely related genes were homologous to (but not identical with) a characterized 39-kda surface-exposed membrane protein from this animal pathogen. additional screening of the genomic library has been p ...	2003	12593966
epidemiological studies of brachyspira pilosicoli in two australian piggeries.	the epidemiology of infection with the intestinal spirochaete brachyspira pilosicoli within pig herds is incompletely understood. to investigate this further, cross-sectional and cohort studies were undertaken on two piggeries. faeces were subjected to selective culture, and dna was extracted from growth on the primary media and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). on one farm, samples from other animal species and the environment were also examined. isolates were subjected to multilocu ...	2003	12636999
colonisation of pet shop puppies with brachyspira pilosicoli.	anaerobic intestinal spirochaetes of the genus brachyspira are known to colonise dogs, but relatively little is known about their prevalence, distribution or pathogenic potential. one species, brachyspira pilosicoli, is thought to cause diarrhoea in dogs, as well as in other animals and humans. to investigate the prevalence and distribution of infection, faecal samples from 49 puppies from six pet shops in the suburbs of perth, western australia were subjected to selective culture for anaerobic ...	2003	12637005
rapid detection and identification of brachyspira aalborgi from rectal biopsies and faeces of a patient.	this study reports for the first time the detection of brachyspira aalborgi in faeces and rectal biopsies of a female suffering for 3-4 months of abdominal pain with long-standing mucosal diarrhoea, rectal bleeding and suspected carcinoma of the rectum. after pre-treatment of samples (faeces and biopsies) with a liquid medium (trypticase soy broth-tsb) containing foetal calf serum (fcs, 10%) and spectinomycin and rifampicin (tsb-sr) the first detection of b. aalborgi isolate hbs1 was observed af ...	2003	12648729
experimental infection of layer hens with a human isolate of brachyspira pilosicoli.	the anaerobic intestinal spirochaete brachyspira pilosicoli commonly colonizes the large intestine of a number of species, including chickens and human beings. the purpose of the current study was to determine whether an isolate of b. pilosicoli recovered from an hiv-infected patient with diarrhoea could infect and cause disease in adult chickens. over a 4-week period following experimental infection, a group of eight inoculated chickens showed a persistent and significant increase in faecal wat ...	2003	12676876
characterization of a locus encoding four paralogous outer membrane lipoproteins of brachyspira hyodysenteriae.	the identification of brachyspira hyodysenteriae outer membrane proteins (omps) that may stimulate immunity to swine dysentery is important for vaccine development. we report here the analysis of a novel locus, blpgfea, encoding four tandem paralogous proteins of approximately 30 kda from b. hyodysenteriae. the four proteins share 31-39% sequence identity with lipoproteins from several species of bacterial pathogens, but the locus possesses a unique genetic organization. using antisera raised to ...	2003	12706440