Publications

the in-vitro interaction between several components of the canine immune system and infective larvae of ancylostoma caninum.		1982	6811999
determination of the specific gravity of certain helminth eggs using sucrose density gradient centrifugation.	the specific gravities of ten species of helminth eggs were determined using sucrose density gradient centrifugation. fecal or egg concentrate was layered over a 3 to 54% sucrose density gradient. the gradient was then centrifuged at 800 g for 20 min, allowing 5 min for acceleration and 5 for deceleration. bands formed were identified and measured. refractive index was measured at the middle of narrow bands, or at the level at which the concentration of eggs was highest, in the case of wide band ...	1982	6890102
activity of ivermectin against canine intestinal helminths.	the anthelmintic activity of ivermectin was tested in 98 dogs against adult ascarids (toxocara canis, toxascaris leonina), hookworms (ancylostoma caninum, a braziliense), and whipworms (trichuris vulpis), and against experimentally induced infections (4th-stage larvae) of t canis and a caninum. dosage levels tested were single subcutaneous injections of 50, 100, 200, or 400 micrograms/kg of body weight with appropriate vehicle-treated controls. a minimum of 4 (usually 5) dogs were tested with ea ...	1982	6897345
ancylostoma caninum: transfer of lymphoid cells from thymus and bone marrow and adoptive immunity in mice.		1982	6978858
ancylostoma caninum: immune response to and distribution pattern of larvae in mice with sensitized thymus and bone marrow cells.	suspensions of thymus and bone marrow cells from swiss albino donor mice infected with a. caninum larvae were injected separately or together into syngeneic, nonimmune recipients which were subsequently challenged with the larvae. the transfer of adoptive immunity through these cells has been confirmed and a cooperation and/or complementation between these two types was also observed. these sensitized cells helped the recipients in expelling and/or destroying the challenge larvae more effectivel ...	1982	6982914
transfer of delayed hypersensitivity through repeatedly sensitized peritoneal exudate cells during experimental ancylostomiasis in mice.	current investigations using sensitized peritoneal exudate cells from mice infected repeatedly with ancylostoma caninum larvae supply the evidence that these cells have the capability to transfer passive immunity to isogeneic recipients in contrast to normal cells from uninfected donors. high doses of sensitization to donors and a lapse of time between the expansion and proliferation of cells in the recipients provide a rather strong immunological readiness to expel/destroy the worm burden. the ...	1983	6862315
experimental ancylostomiasis in chickens: effect of various dose of infective ancylostoma caninum larvae on their migration and distribution.	white leghorn chickens, when infected with repeated doses of ancylostoma caninum larvae, expel the larvae at a faster rate than when infected with a single dose. this suggests that the initial dose induces some resistance in the host. an initial dose of 1000 and 2000 larvae, followed by a 2nd dose of the same order, induces resistance in the alimentary tract causing the entire larval burden either to migrate to other tissues (organs) or to be expelled in 24 h.	1983	6873246
pattern of immune response in recipients after transfer of mesenteric lymph node cells sensitized with low and high doses of ancylostoma caninum.	cellular immune response was detected in female swiss albino mice with mesenteric lymph node cells during ancylostoma caninum infection. sensitized lymphocytes responded vigorously to a. caninum antigens and it was found that the cells (singly or repeatedly) sensitized with either low or high doses could confer adoptive protective immunity in recipients later challenged with a single dose of 500 a. caninum larvae.	1983	6629209
pulmonary superoxide dismutase activity in the mouse infected with ancylostoma caninum larvae.	albino mice were infected per os with 1000 infective larvae of ancylostoma caninum and pulmonary superoxide dismutase activity was studied after completion of lung migration. the total superoxide dismutase activity per mg of lung protein was elevated by 15% in infected mice. of the two forms of superoxide dismutases studied, that containing cu-zn was elevated by 44%. this suggests that a. caninum in mice may result in histopathological changes leading to transient pulmonary oxygen toxicity.	1983	6630995
ancylostoma caninum: a report on the peripheral eosinophilia in naive and immunized swiss albino mice.	the number of peripheral eosinophils was counted in female swiss albino mice on 1, 4, 9, 16 and 30 days after infection with various single (500, 1000 and 2000) and weekly repeated (500 + + 500 + 1000, 1000 + 1000 and 1000 + 1000 + 2000) doses of filariform ancylostoma caninum larvae. the eosinophil response was significantly higher in infected than in uninfected mice and reached a peak on day 16 in naive and day 4 and 9 in immunized mice. immunized mice were significantly more eosinophilic than ...	1983	6662410
endotube-brush border complexes dissected from the intestines of haemonchus contortus and ancylostoma caninum.	a procedure for the blunt dissection of the syncytial intestine of haemonchus contortus to separate the endotube-brush border complex is described. a similar complex can be obtained from the partially cellular intestine of ancylostoma caninum. the structural features of the complexes from the two sources are compared. the main differences are in the retention of terminal bars by the endotube from a. caninum and in the extent and organization of the microfilaments associated with the basal side o ...	1983	6684761
blood sucking activities of hookworms. routes and quantities of blood loss in ancylostoma caninum, a duodenale and a ceylanicum infections.		1983	6413142
fenbendazole treatment of pregnant bitches to reduce prenatal and lactogenic infections of toxocara canis and ancylostoma caninum in pups.	a granulated formulation of fenbendazole was tested in a total of 23 treated and control, pregnant, parasite-free beagle bitches experimentally infected with toxocara canis and ancylostoma caninum. the drug was administered to each treated bitch once daily in canned dog food at a dosage of 50 mg/kg body weight. each of 2 treatment regimens tested was initiated on the 40th day of pregnancy. one regimen involved daily treatment continuing through the 14th postpartum day, and it resulted in 89% few ...	1983	12002591
host immune response against homologous challenge infection of ancylostoma caninum larvae after application of effective anthelmintics.	the development of immunity against ancylostoma caninum larval reinfection has been investigated in mice after the primary infection has been treated with an effective anthelmintics. experimentally a, caninum larvae infected mice treated with levamisole (5 x 40 mg/kg), thiabendazole (5 x 200 mg/kg), oxfendazole (5 x 100 mg/kg), or albendazole (5 x 100 mg/kg) when challenged with a. caninum larvae showed 47.77 to 55.81% larval reduction from the challenge dose indicating thereby the development o ...	1984	6491275
population dynamics across selected habitat variables of the helminth community in coyotes, canis latrans, from south texas.	the effects of selected intrinsic variables operating on host subpopulations and of extrinsic variables across the collective host population on the distributions of 10 common helminth species from coyotes in south texas were compared. the intrinsic variables of host sex and presence and severity of sarcoptic mange had little effect on the distributions of most helminth species. the combined influences of (1) seasonal changes across the collective host population and (2) host subpopulations deli ...	1984	6512639
effect of spleen extracts on the immune response in chickens to ancylostoma caninum larvae.	spleen extracts from wlh chickens nonsensitized and sensitized by repeated infections of ancylostoma caninum larvae were injected separately into isologous recipients. extracts from donors infected with repeated high dose (250 + 250 + 500) and low dose (125 + 125 + 250) of larvae induced a significant acquired protective immune response when compared to controls which received normal extracts. no significant difference was observed between the two experimental groups. the filariform ancylostoma ...	1984	6527002
prevalence of toxocariasis and echinococcosis among dogs in the niger delta.	a sample of 60 dogs in the port harcourt area of the niger delta was examined for intestinal parasites. the high prevalence rates of toxocara canis (56.6%) and echinococcus granulosus (85.0%) in the area are discussed in relation to public health. other parasites found in dogs include toxascaris leonina (3.3%), uncinaria stenocephala (70.0%), dipylidium caninum (88.3%), trichuris vulpis (56.7%), ancylostoma caninum (65.0%) and taenia hydatigenia (43.3%).	1984	6530709
infectivity of ancylostoma caninum in dogs by different routes of inoculation.	infectivity of a. caninum in dogs inoculated with 500 larvae by different routes (percutaneous, subcutaneous, intravenous, per os, through a stomach tube and foot pad) was studied by ascertaining the worm burden at necropsy 21-27 days post-infection. infection through foot-pads yielded the maximum number of worms. the percentage of worm establishment using foot-pad inoculation was 73.8%, followed by subcutaneous (49.0%), percutaneous (45.0%) and per os (35.0%) routes. these results show that act ...	1984	6542725
serum protein profile of mice during infection with of ancylostoma caninum and after the administration of tetramisole and levamisole.	serum protein changes in mice following ancylostoma caninum larval infection were observed as decrease in albumin, gamma globulin and increase in beta globulin. these serum protein components showed a tendency to return back to their normal levels after the administration of effective anthelmintic such as tetramisole or levamisole to the infected mice. the increased level of beta globulin after treatment although decreased but did not return to its normal level within 14 days observation period.	1984	6084695
a possible explanation for the synergism between mixed t- and b- cell populations in mice adoptively immunized with ancylostoma caninum.	ancylostoma caninum--mouse model was employed to study the cellular cooperation in the adoptive immune response. the syngeneic recipient mice were intraperitoneally injected once or twice with mixtures of thymus and bone marrow cells from infected (with 500 or 2000 larvae) and uninfected donors. the experimental recipients expelled and/or destroyed the challenge larval burden more readily and at a greater rate than the controls with unsensitized cells. the cooperation between sensitized thymus a ...	1984	6335517
anthelmintic effect of febantel/praziquantel paste in dogs and cats.	a paste formulation of 3.4% febantel and 0.34% praziquantel was given in soft food at a rate of 0.29 g/kg of body weight, once daily for 3 days to dogs and cats. eleven of 12 dogs were naturally infected with ancylostoma caninum, 10 with trichuris vulpis, 2 with toxocara canis, 5 with taenia sp, and 3 with dirofilaria immitis. ten of 11 cats were naturally infected with toxocara cati, 2 with ancylostoma tubaeforme, 3 with taenia sp, 5 with capillaria aerophila, and 1 with paragonimus kellicotti. ...	1984	6703448
rapid expulsion of ancylostoma caninum larvae due to previous infection with hymenolepis nana deshelled eggs.	mice initially infected with single and repeated doses of hymenolepis nana deshelled eggs produced rapid and significant expulsion of challenged ancylostoma caninum larvae. absolute protective response was observed 8 days after initial infection (at 96 hours after challenge) in both singly and repeatedly infected groups probably due to high titres of heterologous reacting antibodies.	1984	6715879
prenatal and lactational transmission of toxocara canis and ancylostoma caninum: experimental infection of the bitch before pregnancy.		1985	3980144
chemotactic attraction of infective hookworm larvae of ancylostoma caninum by a dog serum factor.	infective hookworm larvae of ancylostoma caninum showed chemotaxis on agar plates in a dog serum gradient. this chemotactic behaviour remain unaltered using an ultrafiltrated serum fraction with a molecular weight less than 500. gelfiltration of this ultrafiltrated fraction revealed a factor with a molecular weight of 480 causing chemotaxis. the chemotactic activity of the factor was destroyed after a pronase treatment. we conclude that the factor could be a polypeptide.	1985	4024709
anthelmintic efficacy of febantel combined with praziquantel in dogs.	ninety-four dogs were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 groups (5 treated and 1 untreated control) for evaluation of anthelmintic efficacy. three anthelmintic formulations were studied: a febantel paste, a praziquantel paste, and a combination paste containing both active ingredients. treated dogs were dosed once daily for 3 days. the minimal effective dosages in combination were established as 10 mg of febantel and 1 mg of praziquantel/kg of body weight. at those dosages for the combination, 99.5% to ...	1985	4030460
temperature-induced separation of larvae of uncinaria stenocephala from a mixed fecal culture containing ancylostoma caninum.		1985	4040166
experimental infection of pups with ancylostoma caninum-infected mouse tissues.	migration and distribution of ancylostoma caninum larvae in the tissues of mice orally infected with 1000 larvae, and establishment of patent infection from the mice to the definitive host, were studied. larval yield from different organs of mice, after digestion with artificial gastric juice, indicated that the highest recovery was at 4 h post-infection (62.8%), and thereafter a slight decline occurred up until 30 days post-infection (51.5%). migration of larvae to the lungs occurred within 4 h ...	1985	4049727
prenatal and lactational transmission of toxocara canis and ancylostoma caninum: experimental infection of the bitch at midpregnancy and at parturition.		1985	4066142
experimental infection of pups with ancylostoma caninum larvae from an abnormal host, the chicken.	the migration and distribution of ancylostoma caninum larvae in the tissues of chickens, infected orally with 1,000 larvae, were studied. larval yield at necropsy from different organs after digestion with artificial gastric juice revealed a 62.9% recovery four hours after inoculation, followed by a sharp decline to 5.4% at 72 hours. larvae were found in the heart within four hours, the lungs within eight hours and the liver within 12 to 18 hours but no larvae were recovered from the spleen, kid ...	1985	4093588
the efficacy of some newer broad spectrum anthelmintics against third-stage larvae of ancylostoma caninum in the mouse.	the efficacy of eight anthelmintics against ancylostoma caninum larvae in the skeletal muscles of mice was evaluated. levamisole (5 x 40 mg/kg), thiabendazole (5 x 400 mg/kg), oxfendazole (5 x 100 mg/kg), albendazole (5 x 100 mg/kg), flubendazole (5 x 200 mg/kg), benacil (5 x 200 mg/kg) and phenacizole (5 x 200 mg/kg) showed marked larvicidal activity (98 to 99%). sch 18099 did not show larvicidal activity even at 5 x 400 mg/kg.	1985	4093589
differences in lipid granulation as the basis for a morphologic differentiation between third-stage larvae of uncinaria stenocephala and ancylostoma caninum.	differences in the distribution of lipid granules between unstained third-stage larvae of uncinaria stenocephala and ancylostoma caninum cultured at 15 c was found to be an effective means for differentiating these 2 species of canine hookworms. in contrast, larvae cultured at 22 c were less easily differentiated based on the distribution of lipid granules. after culturing at 15 c, third-stage larvae of u. stenocephala were motile and exhibited 32 well-demarcated intestinal cells which contained ...	1985	4093808
dose-titration studies of ivermectin against experimental ancylostoma caninum and uncinaria stenocephala infections.	dose-titration trials of ivermectin were conducted on pups with dual experimental infections of 4th-stage larvae or adult ancylostoma caninum and uncinaria stenocephala. ivermectin was administered orally or subcutaneously at dosages of 0.006, 0.012, or 0.024 mg/kg of body weight. maximal or near maximal (greater than or equal to 96% to 100%) anthelmintic effect was observed for both stages of development for each hookworm species by either route of administration at a dosage of 0.024 mg/kg. res ...	1985	3839115
studies on the prevalence of gastro-intestinal helminths of dogs in calabar, nigeria.	the results of investigational study to determine the prevalence of gastro-intestinal helminths of dogs in calabar, nigeria with particular emphasis on the effects of sex and age of the animals on the occurrence of these endoparasites are presented. of a total of 254 dogs sampled using saturated brime solution floatation method and formalin-ether sedimentation method, 223 (86.97%) were infected. a breakdown of the number of parasitized dogs shows that 180 (70.86%) were positive for ancylostoma c ...	1985	3869127
comparative studies on the infestation of three different breeds of dogs by gastro-intestinal helminths.	the findings of an investigation mounted to evaluate and compare the prevalence of parasitic gastro-intestinal helminth ova in three different breeds of dogs in calabar, nigeria are presented. results of the investigation indicate that in alsatians, 25% infestation with strongyloides stercoralis, 25% toxocara canis, 65% ancylostoma caninum were found, in crossbreed between alsatian and mongrel, 15.56% infestation with strongyloides stercoralis, 10.93% toxascaris leonina, 25% toxocara canis, 68.7 ...	1985	3869810
isolation and characterization of a proteolytic enzyme from the adult hookworm ancylostoma caninum.	the adult hookworm ancylostoma caninum releases a proteolytic enzyme which is thought to be essential for its adaption to parasitism. the protease was purified from parasite extracts by ion-exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. the purified enzyme exhibited a molecular weight of 37,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and had an nh2-terminal sequence of arg-his-his-gln-pro-lys-val-ala-leu-leu-gly-ala-his-gly-gly ...	1985	3888998
specific antibody responses in dogs experimentally infected with echinococcus granulosus.	six dogs reared helminth-free were divided into 2 groups. four dogs were infected per os with 200,000 protoscoleces each of echinococcus granulosus and 2 were kept as uninfected controls. all the dogs were kept together until 32 days after infection, when 1 infected dog was killed, its intestine removed and the contents examined to confirm that the infection with e. granulosus had been successful. the remaining 3 infected dogs were transferred to high security housing and their feces inspected d ...	1986	3953947
efficacy of benzimidazoles against larval ancylostoma caninum infection in mice.		1986	3721357
the response of captive rodents to the migration of ancylostoma caninum larvae.	the distribution of the larvae of ancylostoma caninum in tissues of captive wild rodents (rattus rattus) and the leucocytic and behavioural responses of these rodents were studied after experimental oral infection. there was a wide distribution of larvae in tissues with a preponderance of the larvae in the skeletal muscles of the anterior part of the body in older infection. the rats responded by an elevation of total leucocytes and eosinophils in blood, alternation of locomotory activity and be ...	1986	3721358
serum levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and worm burden in mice infected with ancylostoma caninum larvae.	aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels showed considerable increase during initial (1 to 9 days) period of infection in all the experimental groups of mice and their level reached higher values than in the controls. the increase of enzymes was influenced by the degree of retention of worm load and the immunological damage caused by ancylostoma caninum larvae within the host system.	1986	3721359
the origin and some of the functions of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in ancylostoma caninum sperm cells.		1986	3744670
[method of the spread of larvae of ancylostoma caninum ercolani 1859 (ancylostomidae) in the definitive host (beagle)].		1986	3751391
the prevalence of parasitic helminths in stray dogs in the baghdad area, iraq.	the prevalence of parasitic helminths in 20 stray dogs from the area of baghdad was recorded. taenia spp. were found in 12 dogs, dipylidium caninum in ten dogs, toxocara canis in eight dogs, ancylostoma caninum in seven dogs and echinococcus granulosus in five dogs. spirocerca lupi and dirofilaria immitis were found in three dogs, mesocestoides lineatus in two dogs and strongyloides stercoralis in one dog.	1986	3800471
experimental infection of ancylostoma caninum in chickens: immunization through transfer of sensitized bursal cells.	an attempt has been made to demonstrate the immune response in chickens to infection by the dog hookworm ancylostoma caninum following transfer of sensitized bursal cells from infected donor chickens. recipients were challenged with a dose of 500 larvae each, 1, 3 and 5 days after cell transfer. the immune response was found to be more pronounced in recipients challenged 5 days after cell transfer than in those challenged 1 or 3 days after transfer and those which received non-sensitized bursal ...	1986	3805714
comparative histochemical studies of glycosidase activity in some helminths.	comparative histochemical studies of glycosidase activity were carried out in clonorchis sinensis, eurytrema pancreaticum, fasciola hepatica, dipylidium caninum, hymenolepis nana, ascaris suum, toxocara canis, ancylostoma caninum, trichuris vulpis and dirofilaria immitis. the enzymes examined were: n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (ec 3.2.1.30), beta-glucuronidase (ec 3.2.1.31) and beta-galactosidase (ec 3.2.1.23). there were variations in enzyme distribution and intensity among the species and als ...	1986	3084622
biochemical and immunologic characterization of a major surface antigen of dirofilaria immitis infective larvae.	a 35 kd major surface antigen of dirofilaria immitis third-stage larvae was characterized biochemically and immunologically. living larvae were iodinated by using iodo-gen, iodosulfanilic acid, lactoperoxidase-glucose oxidase, and bolton-hunter reagents. detergent extracts of larvae labeled by the first three methods showed one major 35 kd component and a number of smaller components of about 6 kd, as analyzed by one-dimensional sds-page. in contrast, extracts from larvae labeled with the bolton ...	1986	2419445
specificity of scolex and oncosphere antigens for the serological diagnosis of taeniid cestode infections in dogs.	groups of dogs raised free of helminths were monospecifically infected with the common nematodes toxocara canis, ancylostoma caninum and trichuris vulpis. serums from these dogs, and a group of dogs of unknown history but infected with dirofilaria immitis and dipylidium caninum, had levels of antibody to their homologous nematode antigens readily detectable by elisa. no cross-reactions were apparent when these serums were tested by elisa using oncosphere antigens of taenia hydatigena, t. pisifor ...	1986	2421704
changes in serum enzyme activities in mice infected with single doses of ancylostoma caninum larvae.	aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and amylase levels were significantly increased in experimental female swiss albino mice infected with single doses of 500, 1,000 and 2,000 larvae of ancylostoma caninum. increase of enzyme levels is due to the leakage of large amounts of enzymes into the blood. the necrosis of cells during intestinal and extra intestinal phases of ancylostomiasis in mice is directly responsible for the increase of enzymes.	1987	2437181
cell mediated immunity during experimental ancylostomiasis: a review.	cell-mediated immunity is usually recognized only in a very small number of infections caused by helminths. the present review is engaged with some aspects of the cell-mediated immunity in infections caused by ancylostoma caninum. special attention is paid to the role of passive transfer of sensitized cells and serum. the paper is based on a series of own original investigations of the authors.	1987	3323310
maternal transmission by alaria marcianae (trematoda) and the concept of amphiparatenesis.	the term amphiparatenic host was coined originally for hosts of alaria marcianae that as adults are paratenic hosts, but as juveniles serve as definitive hosts. in this study the concept of amphiparatenesis is placed in a theoretical context, maternal transmission shown to be the basic mechanism, and the concept extended to include toxocara canis, t. cati, t. pteropodis, neoascaris vitulorum, ancylostoma caninum, uncinaria lucasi, various species of strongyloides, pharyngostomoides procyonis, an ...	1987	3572644
helminth parasites of the coyote (canis latrans) in tennessee.	from 1980 to 1984, 267 coyotes (canis latrans) from tennessee were examined for helminth parasites. hearts were examined for the presence of dirofilaria immitis, diaphragms for trichinella spiralis, and digestive tracts for other helminths. six species were found including 5 nematodes (d. immitis, physaloptera rara, trichuris vulpis, ancylostoma caninum, and toxascaris leonina) and 1 cestode (taenia pisiformis). univariate and multivariate statistical techniques were used to assess parasite prev ...	1987	3585628
[the effect of fenbendazole on resting somatic larvae of ancylostoma caninum ercolani 1859 (ancylostomidae) in the pregnant bitch].		1987	3591107
[effects of various anti-hookworm drugs on the cholinesterase activity of necator americanus, ancylostoma duodenale, ancylostoma caninum and nippostrongylus braziliensis].		1987	3621504
parasites of stray dogs in the rabat region, morocco.	eighteen parasites were identified from 57 stray dogs from the urban and rural areas of rabat. the prevalence of the species of parasites was: ctenocephalides (c. canis, c. felis) 94.7%, rhipicephalus sanguineus 68.5%, linguatula serrata, babesia canis, isospora canis each 3.5%, toxocara canis 7%, dirofilaria immitis, taenia hydatigena, t. pisiformis each 12.3%, dipetalonema dracunculoides 10.5%, ancylostoma caninum 17.5% echinococcus granulosus 22.8%, toxascaris leonina 33.3%, dipylidium caninu ...	1987	3675044
isolation of anthelmintic resistant ancylostoma caninum.		1987	16031355
efficacy of various anthelmintics against third-stage larvae of ancylostoma caninum in the brain of mice.	in an experimental larval infection of ancylostoma caninum in mice, the efficacy of various anthelmintics against the larvae migrated and established in the brain is reported for the first time. albendazole and flubendazole were the most effective drugs. thiabendazole, benacil, phenacizole, oxfendazole and mebendazole showed significant larvicidal activity. tetramisole, levamisole, fenbendazole, sch 18099, pyrantel pamoate, morantel tartrate and oxantel pamoate did not show any significant activ ...	1988	3372978
transmission of ancylostoma caninum and alaria marcianae in coyotes (canis latrans).	one of seven female coyotes (canis latrans) captured in webb county, texas during september 1986 and confined and mated in holding facilities at millville, utah whelped the following spring. the maternal female (greater than 5-yr-old) and her five neonates were killed at 22 days postparturition. all were infected with adult ancylostoma caninum and were passing eggs in their feces. also, the neonates and maternal female were infected with immature and adult alaria marcianae, respectively. these f ...	1988	3411716
serum enzymes and worm load in mice infected with repeated doses of ancylostoma caninum larvae.	the alterations of serum enzymes induced in the host system of swiss albino mice by infection with ancylostoma caninum larvae have been studied in multiple doses of infection. it was found that the level of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and amylase increased significantly throughout the infection period when compared with controls. in infected animals, increase of enzymes was influenced by the host-parasite interactions caused due to the retained concentration of larval antigens.	1988	2457613
efficacy of nemadectin, a new broad-spectrum endectocide, against natural infections of canine gastrointestinal helminths.	nemadectin, a new broad-spectrum endectocide, was highly efficacious against natural infections of all the major canine gastrointestinal helminths. at single oral dosages of 0.2-0.4 mg kg-1 body weight (bw), a liquid formulation administered in gelatin capsules was 100% effective in eliminating natural infections of toxocara canis, toxascaris leonina, ancylostoma caninum and uncinaria stenocephala. tablets (267 mg) containing 4.6% nemadectin given at a rate of 1/3 tablet per 20 kg bw (0.2 mg nem ...	1989	2617829
enzymes activity and worm burden in intestine and liver of mice infected with single doses of ancylostoma caninum larvae.	transaminases increased significantly in the intestine and liver of mice infected with 500, 1,000 and 2,000 doses of ancylostoma caninum larvae. the level of increase remained higher than those of controls throughout the experimental period. the rise of enzymes was mainly due to the pathological changes caused by the migrating larvae within the organs.	1989	2625550
a survey of helminths in domestic cats in the pretoria area of transvaal, republic of south africa. part 1: the prevalence and comparison of burdens of helminths in adult and juvenile cats.	the helminths found in 1,502 necropsied cats were examined. the findings indicated that 65% of the cats were infested. the most prevalent helminths encountered were ancylostoma tubaeforme (41%), ancylostoma braziliense (25%), dipylidium caninum (23%), toxocara cati (11%), taenia taeniaeformis (7.7%), ancylostoma caninum (3.3%), joyeuxiella fuhrmanni (2.5%), ancylostoma ceylanicum (1.4%), and physaloptera praeputialis (1.3%). the following helminths were recorded in fewer than 1% of the cats: cen ...	1989	2634770
ancylostoma caninum in british greyhounds.		1989	2718327
efficacy of ivermectin in hookworms as examined in ancylostoma caninum infections.	single oral doses of ivermectin were given to dogs with moderate or heavy infections of ancylostoma caninum (egg counts ranging from 7,100 to 41,700 eggs/g feces) at 100, 50, 30, or 10 micrograms/kg body weight. each of these dosages was effective in clearing the infection completely, so that numerous worms were passed in the feces on days 1-3, but no worm was recovered from the intestinal tract at necropsy on day 4 after treatment. in contrast, an average of 178 worms per dog was recovered at n ...	1989	2723924
a preliminary study on the use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of trichinella spiralis infections in dogs.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to detect trichinella spiralis infections in dogs using rabbit anti-canine igg-horseradish peroxidase prepared according to the improved periodate method and an antigen purified from t. spiralis larvae by sephadex g-200 chromatography. sixty-six canine sera were tested for trichinosis by the elisa and it showed a detection rate which was significantly higher than that by trichinoscopy. this antigen of t. spiralis appeared not to cross-re ...	1989	2741302
[the effect of ivermectin on reactivated somatic larva of ancylostoma caninum ercolani 1859 (ancylostomidae) in the pregnant dog].	it was evaluated by means of a controlled test to what extent reactivated larvae of ancylostoma caninum were influenced by single or double treatment with ivermectin. the investigations were done with a total of ten experimentally infected bitches. the single treatment of dams two to ten days ante partum with 0.5 mg or 1 mg ivermectin per kg bodyweight reduced the wormburden of their puppies on an average by 96.6% and 98.5%, respectively. the double treatment with 0.5 mg/kg bodyweight ante and p ...	1989	2763759
musca domestica as a carrier of intestinal helminths in calabar, nigeria.	a study was undertaken to examine the role of musca domestica as a carrier of intestinal helminths in calabar, nigeria. a total of 5000 house-flies were collected from markets and residential areas and examined for helminthic parasites using centrifugation, dissection and direct smear methods. four helminths were observed with the following frequency of infection on their external surfaces and gastrointestinal tracts respectively: ascaris lumbricoides ova (0.20% and 0.81%), strongyloides stercor ...	1989	2791934
comparison of immune response in swiss albino mice due to single and repeated doses of infective ancylostoma caninum larvae after subcutaneous inoculation.	migratory behaviour of ancylostoma caninum larvae and host responses were studied in four groups of swiss albino mice infected subcutaneously with single doses of 1,000, 2,000 and multiple doses of 500 + 500, 500 + 500 + 1,000. after the 1st day most of the larvae found in muscles in all the groups. there is no significant difference in the migratory behaviour and/or the adoptive pattern of larvae in both the singly and multiply infected animals.	1989	2809186
human eosinophilic enteritis caused by dog hookworm ancylostoma caninum.	an epidemic of eosinophilic enteritis (93 cases) has occurred in townsville, northern queensland, australia. a hookworm was found attached to a resected, inflamed ileal segment from 1 patient but the species could not be identified. an adult hookworm of species ancylostoma caninum was recovered at colonoscopy from the terminal ileum of a later patient. all of 38 patients interviewed in an epidemiological survey described behaviour which could have exposed them to infective larvae of this widespr ...	1990	1971376
serum-stimulated feeding in vitro by third-stage infective larvae of the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum.	developmentally arrested nonfeeding infective larvae of hookworms resume development after entry into the host, presumably in response to a signal encountered during invasion. logically, an initial step in the resumption of development might be the resumption of feeding. an in vitro assay for feeding is described for the third-stage larvae of the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum. populations of larvae incubated under hostlike conditions in the presence of 10% canine serum resume feeding withi ...	1990	2112598
extrusion of the residual body in spermatids of ancylostoma caninum (nematoda, strongyloidea).	transmission electron microscopy reveals that the spermatocytes of the hookworm ancylostoma caninum contain an abundance of golgi complexes, ribosomes, specialized membranous organelles, and long strands of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. these organelles remain abundant until the early spermatid stage of sperm development, when they reach their maximum abundance and maturity and the production of new ones ceases. golgi complexes, ribosomes, and excess ser, which are not functional after this stag ...	1990	2160020
metalloproteases of infective ancylostoma hookworm larvae and their possible functions in tissue invasion and ecdysis.	to infect their hosts, hookworm larvae must exsheath and migrate through connective tissue. a modified in vitro skin chamber was used to show that the human hookworm ancylostoma duodenale and the zoonotic canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum penetrate epidermis, basement membrane, and dermis in similar ways. these similarities in tissue invasion properties reflect the observed biochemical similarities in parasite protease composition. the larvae of both species contain protease activity that is i ...	1990	2254016
field trials of the anthelmintic efficacy of nitroscanate and mebendazole in dogs.	the efficacies of nitroscanate and mebendazole against nematodes and dipylidium caninum were compared by the examination of the faeces of 155 dogs. in unweaned puppies nitroscanate acted significantly faster and was significantly more effective than mebendazole against toxocara canis. in adult dogs, both drugs had a low efficacy against trichuris vulpis but a similarly good efficacy against other nematodes, with a tendency for nitroscanate to be more effective in reducing the prevalence of ancyl ...	1990	2309388
effects of milbemycin oxime on adult hookworms in dogs with naturally acquired infections.	previous work indicated that adult ancylostoma caninum can be removed from experimentally infected dogs, using a formulation of milbemycin oxime at dosage of 0.5 mg/kg of body weight. to determine the efficacy of this treatment in dogs naturally infected with adult hookworms, 24 mixed-breed dogs with patent hookworm infections were purchased from an out-of-state vendor, and 6 male and 6 female dogs were assigned to either a control group or a group that would be treated. dogs were treated 10 day ...	1990	2316928
hookworm folliculitis.	a case of persistent folliculitis in a 21-year-old man was demonstrated to be due to ancylostoma caninum larvae. treatment with oral thiabendazole was curative. cutaneous larva migrans may be due to a caninum, but this presentation appears to be unique. the literature concerning etiology and pathogenesis of larva migrans is discussed with reference to this case.	1991	2006880
zinc sulfide in intestinal cell granules of ancylostoma caninum adults.	a source of confusion has existed since the turn of the century about the reddish brown, weakly birefringent "sphaerocrystals" located in the intestines of strongyle nematodes, strongylus and ancylostoma. x-ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectrometric analyses were used for accurate determination of the crystalline order and elemental composition of the granules in the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum. the composition of the intestinal pigmented granules was identified unequivocally as ...	1991	2010861
parasites, pets, and people.	it is important for the family physician to understand that patients' relationships with their pets play an important role in helping maintain mental and physical health yet provide the potential for causing illness in the patient. toxocara canis (dog roundworm) and toxocara cati (cat roundworm) are the ascarids most commonly responsible for vlm and ocular larva migrans in humans. these roundworms live in their adult stage in the small intestine of the dog and cat where their eggs are passed in ...	1991	2011635
effects of milbemycin oxime on adult ancylostoma caninum and uncinaria stenocephala in dogs with experimentally induced infections.		1991	2021256
efficacy of nitroscanate against naturally acquired infection with ancylostoma caninum, dipylidium caninum, and trichuris vulpis in dogs.	eighteen dogs with naturally acquired helminth infections were used to evaluate the efficacy of nitroscanate against ancylostoma caninum, dipylidium caninum, and trichuris vulpis. approximately 15 minutes before treatment, the dogs were given 100 to 200 g of canned dog food. ten dogs were treated with nitroscanate (50 mg/kg of body weight, po), and 8 dogs were given placebo tablets po. the dogs were euthanatized and necropsied 10 days after treatment and helminths were recovered from the small i ...	1991	2053726
albumin and a dialyzable serum factor stimulate feeding in vitro by third-stage larvae of the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum.	previous studies demonstrated that third-stage, developmentally arrested larvae of the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum resume feeding in vitro in response to canine serum and hostlike temperature. experiments to determine the identity of the serum stimulus are described. serum from several nonhost species stimulated feeding, but to levels lower than canine serum. heating the serum to 57 c had no effect on its stimulatory ability. dialysis reduced serum stimulatory activity by 50%, and ultraf ...	1991	1713962
evaluation of a beef-based chewable formulation of pyrantel pamoate against induced and natural infections of hookworms and ascarids in dogs.	pyrantel pamoate, formulated in a beef-based chewable tablet, was evaluated for efficacy in dogs against induced and natural infections of toxocara canis, toxascaris leonina, ancylostoma caninum and uncinaria stenocephala. dose titration trials were conducted in canada, the uk and germany in dogs treated with pyrantel (as pamoate salt) at 0, 2.5, 5 or 10 mg kg-1 body weight. these studies showed that a dose rate of 2.5 mg kg-1, the efficacy of pyrantel against adult t. canis, t. leonina, u. sten ...	1991	1763481
anthelmintic activity of paraherquamide in dogs.	paraherquamide, an oxindole alkaloid metabolite of penicillium paraherquei and penicillium charlesii, was tested against the common gastrointestinal nematodes of dogs at a single oral dosage of 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg kg-1. efficacy was poor (less than 85%) against ancylostoma caninum, uncinaria stenocephala, toxascaris leonina, trichuris vulpis, and strongyloides stercoralis at the low- and mid-dosage levels. at the high dosage level, good efficacy (91%) was observed only against s. stercoralis. ad ...	1991	1788941
effects of alcohol on natural resistance to ancylostoma caninum in mice.	experiments were performed to study the effect of alcohol on natural immunity of swiss albino mice during ancylostoma caninum infection. natural resistance is lowered in alcoholic mice; 40% alcohol by mouth produced significant effect after 20 daily injections. the effect of the drug on natural immunity depended upon the concentration and the period of consumption. animals retained maximum number of larvae during alcohol treatment.	1991	1804867
[parasitologic, clinical, hematologic and serologic findings in puppies after lactogenic infection with ancylostoma caninum ercolani 1859 (ancylostomidae)].	the correlation between intensity of ancylostoma caninum infections in bitches and the intensity of lactogenic infections and clinical signs of their puppies was investigated. on average, 825, 1,867 or 2,125 specimens were observed in litters of two bitches inoculated with 5,000, 10,000 or 20,000 third stage larvae (liii) respectively, at the day of conception. adverse effects of the infection on the growth and behaviour of the puppies were observed after onset of their second week of life: 11/2 ...	1991	1853668
effect of milbemycin oxime against ancylostoma caninum in dogs with naturally acquired infection.	twenty-six mixed-breed (14 males, 12 females) dogs were used in a double-blind study to evaluate the effect of milbemycin oxime against naturally acquired infection with ancylostoma caninum. dogs were ranked and paired, on the basis of number of hookworm eggs/g of feces, and treatment was randomly assigned. each dog was given either the study drug or placebo (1 tablet/11.4 kg [0.5 mg/kg] of body weight). eggs per gram of feces enumeration was done on days 3 and 7 after treatment, and dogs were e ...	1991	1883101
host-finding and host recognition of infective ancylostoma caninum larvae.	a. caninum larvae responded to environmental and host stimuli with four behavioral phases of host-finding. (1) snake-like movement was stimulated by warmth and by defined vibrations of the substratum. (2) waving behavior was a prerequisite for the passive change-over to dog hairs. it was stimulated by heat radiation and by the co2 content, warmth, and humidity of an air stream. (3) creeping direction: the larvae were attracted by heat in temperature gradients as weak as 0.04 degrees c mm-1 and b ...	1991	1917283
transaminases changes and worm burden in multiple infection of ancylostoma caninum in mice.	aspartate transaminase level was significantly increased in intestine of experimentals that received multiple doses of infection. the level of alanine transaminase rose to a significant value in liver of mice infected with multiple doses. rise of transaminases is correlated with the necrosis (disruption of intestina) hepatic cells in infected mice. changes and/or the distribution of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase with regard to the dosage is discussed.	1991	1940329
identification of dirofilaria immitis-infected dogs with a coagglutination assay.	the presence of dirofilaria immitis excretory-secretory (es) products was detected in the urine of infected dogs using a coagglutination assay. urine samples from 30 naturally infected dogs were positive. seventeen of them were microfilaremic, whereas 13 had become amicrofilaremic after receiving 2 courses of diethylcarbamazine. urine samples from 20 dogs infected with other parasites, dipetalonema reconditum (7), toxocara canis (5), and ancylostoma caninum (8), and urine samples from 20 healthy ...	1992	1738064
detection of antibodies to secretions of ancylostoma caninum in human eosinophilic enteritis.	to evaluate the role of canine hookworms in human eosinophilic enteritis (ee) in north-eastern australia, we tested human sera in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) which incorporated antigens of adult ancylostoma caninum. sera from the following groups were examined: 10 patients with ee (unexplained recurrent abdominal pain and related symptoms, with peripheral eosinophilia) from townsville and brisbane; 2 persons known to be infected with a. caninum and 20 presumed unexposed healthy ...	1992	1287934
[detection of intestinal parasites from dogs in tochigi-city in 1979 and 1991].	to clarify whether sanitary and hygienic conditions surrounding humans and pet animals have improved or not, we examined feces from dogs for intestinal parasites in tochigi in 1979 and 1991. intestinal parasites were detected from 109 of the 262 dogs (41.9%) in 1979 and 86 of the 260 dogs (32.8%) in 1991. among the parasites. ancylostoma caninum, tirchuris vulpis and toxocara canis were most commonly detected, and their detection rates were higher in 1979. on the contrary, dipylidium caninum, st ...	1992	1293225
weight loss, total and differential leucocytic counts in mice treated with alcohol during ancylostoma caninum infection.	females of swiss albino mice were treated with various doses of alcohol and ancylostoma caninum larvae. mice which received 40% alcohol for 20 days showed a significant decrease in body weight and in the number of leucocytes. eosinophilia was also observed in mice which were treated with 40% alcohol for 20 days.	1992	1300354
[study on toxicology of a new anthelmintic "85012"].	"85012", a new anthelmintic containing amidine synthesized in our laboratory, was experimentally effective against nippostrongylus braziliensis and ancylostoma caninum. in acute and subacute toxicity test, it was proved lowly toxic. there was no evidence that the drug induced any damages to main organs and tissues of animals. in order to evaluate its potential mutagenicity and teratogenicity, micronucleus test, bone marrow metaphase analysis, chl cells chromosomal aberration assay, spermatic abe ...	1992	1394887
[extent and course of excretion of larva in the milk of female dogs after infections of different severity with ancylostoma caninum (ancylostomatidae)].	it was investigated whether there is a linear correlation between the number of applied infective larvae of ancylostoma caninum and the number of larvae excreted by bitches with the milk. the investigations were carried out with nine bitches that were infected percutaneously each with 5,000, 10,000 or 20,000 third stage larvae of ancylostoma caninum at the day of conception. a clear linear correlation between the number of applied infective larvae of ancylostoma caninum and the number of larvae ...	1992	1416220
[biology, pathogenicity, diagnosis and control of ancylostoma caninum].	infections with ancylostoma caninum are transmitted orally or percutaneously. the transmission of infectious stages with the milk of particular importance for the distribution of the species. it occurs during the dissemination of larvae that follows every infection as well as after reactivation of resting somatic larvae in the bitch at the end of the pregnancy. the galactogenic transmission of larvae occurs even when, due to existing immunity, no patent infections develop in the bitch. immunity ...	1992	1425324
efficacy of milbemycin oxime against experimentally induced ancylostoma caninum and uncinaria stenocephala infections in dogs.	twenty-eight helminth-naive beagles, 16 to 26 weeks old, were inoculated with 200 third-stage larvae each of ancylostoma caninum and uncinaria stenocephala 5 times at weekly intervals. dogs were randomly allocated to 4 groups of 7 on the basis of fecal egg counts, and treatments were randomly assigned. groups 1 and 3 were given milbemycin oxime at a dosage of 500 micrograms/kg of body weight, po, on day 0 and on days 0 and 30, respectively; groups 2 and 4 were nontreated controls. fecal egg coun ...	1992	1429184
[the helminth fauna of the red fox (vulpes vulpes linne, 1758) in nordhessen and ostwestfalen. 2. nematodes].	between november 1989 and june 1990 a total number of 397 foxes were examined for the presence of nematodes in the stomach and the small intestine and 403 foxes for the presence of trichinella spiralis larvae. the animals came from the districts of kassel, arnsberg and detmold. in 32.7% of the foxes infections with toxocara canis were found, in 11.1% toxascaris leonina, in 3.8% ancylostoma caninum, in 3.5% uncinaria stenocephala and in 2.3% capillaria species. in most cases the number of nematod ...	1992	1459030
resumption of feeding in vitro by hookworm third-stage larvae: a comparative study.	third-stage infective larvae of the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum resume feeding in vitro in response to several stimuli. experiments were conducted to characterize the in vitro feeding behavior of several hookworm species. reduced glutathione and, to a lesser extent, canine and human serum stimulated third-stage larvae of ancylostoma duodenale to resume feeding. glutathione-induced feeding reached a maximum by 16 hr and was concentration-dependent between 0- and 15-mm glutathione. oxidize ...	1992	1491295
efficacy of an ivermectin/pyrantel pamoate chewable formulation against the canine hookworms, uncinaria stenocephala and ancylostoma caninum.	the effectiveness of the combination of pyrantel pamoate (5 mg kg-1) and ivermectin (6 micrograms kg-1) against the canine hookworms uncinaria stenocephala and ancylostoma caninum was determined. this combination is intended for monthly use as a heartworm preventative and for treatment and control of canine hookworms. the formulation was found to be effective (99.6% reduction in worm burdens) against both species of hookworms in experimentally infected dogs. no adverse effects due to the drug co ...	1992	1532872
comparison of febantel tablets and vercom paste against gastrointestinal nematodes of dogs.	thirty adult dogs with naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematode infections were assigned at random to ten replicates and treated daily for 3 days with either a combination febantel/praziquantel (vercom) paste, febantel tablets or placebo tablets. numbers of hookworm and whipworm eggs after treatment were reduced similarly for both drug formulations when compared with pretreatment egg counts, whereas these counts increased in the controls. vercom paste reduced the hookworm egg count by 99.9% ...	1992	1561756
efficacy of ivermectin and pyrantel pamoate combined in a chewable formulation against heartworm, hookworm, and ascarid infections in dogs.	eight trials were conducted in dogs to document the efficacy of ivermectin (6 micrograms/kg of body weight) and pyrantel pamoate (5 mg of active pyrantel/kg) in a beef-based chewable formulation against dirofilaria immitis, ancylostoma caninum, uncinaria stenocephala, toxocara canis, and toxascaris leonina. three studies involved induced infection with d immitis, and 5 studies involved induced or natural infection with hookworms and ascarids. in 3 intestinal parasite trials, the efficacy of the ...	1992	1586021
ancylostoma caninum: reduced glutathione stimulates feeding by third-stage infective larvae.	the resumption of feeding in vitro has been proposed as an indicator of the reactivation of development by arrested third-stage hookworm larvae. the tripeptide glutathione was tested for its ability to induce in vitro feeding by third-stage infective larvae of the canine hookworm ancylostoma caninum. reduced glutathione, but not oxidized glutathione, stimulated larval feeding in a specific, concentration-dependent manner. feeding began at 5-10 mm, and reached a plateau at 25-50 mm. incubation in ...	1992	1639163
protective immunity to haemonchus contortus induced by immunoaffinity isolated antigens that share a phylogenetically conserved carbohydrate gut surface epitope.	whole gut homogenates of the blood-sucking nematode haemonchus contortus induce protective immunity in goats, and some of these gut ag are conserved among related parasitic nematode species. to identify gut ag that induce protective immunity and have phylogenetically conserved epitopes, mab were made to gut-surface ag of h. contortus. forty-nine mab reacted with microvilli of the parasite gut. two of these mab (42/10.6.1 and 42/53.3.5) were analyzed here. both of the mab bound to the microvillar ...	1993	7693812